ATN 2001

CNS/ATM in South AmericaCNS/ATM in South America

Authors: Alessandro AnzaloniFernando WalterAndréa FerreiraDiego Méndez Castillo

The South American Environment

VDL 2 and GPS in South America

Deployment Timescale

Outline:

Main Traffic FlowsThe South American EnvironmentThe South American Environment

The Present ATS – Air Traffic Service

Tributary ACC/FIC dependency Principal Center(XX) Maximum number of communication

Main Characteristics:

•Satellite communication•Analog voice communication

Disadvantages:

• Difficult expansion• Little frequency spectrum for data

A new digital communication network is needed to support the technical requirements of future CNS/ATM system

“CAR/SAM Regional Planning and Implementation Group”

Created to achieve interregional harmonization in the implementation of CNS/ATM in the CAR/SAM region

GREPECASGREPECAS

0.69 of recommendations completed

Recommendation Proposed Action(CAR/SAM/3)

Updating of the AIS Part of the ICAO Training Manual

To be amended and/or restated (WP/43 refers)

Preparing of Aeronautical Information Publications (AIP)

To be amended and/or restated (WP/49 refers)

Updating of AIP To be amended and/or restated (WP/49 refers)

Changes in permanent aeronautical information

To be amended and/or restated (WP/49 refers)

Measures for the development of arrangements related to the establishment and use of regional AIS data banks in the CAR/SAM region

To be amended and/or restated (WP/48 refers)

AIS data banks for the CAR/SAM region To be amended and/or restated (WP/48 refers)

Status of ImplementationStatus of Implementation (CAR/SAM/3-WP/7)

Recommendation Proposed Action(CAR/SAM/3)

Accuracy of aeronautical information data Action considered completed

Inclusion of guidance on data to be provided in ANPP relevant to Flight Management Systems

Action considered completed

Regular and alternates aerodrome Action considered completed

Scheduling aerodrome maintenance Action considered completed

Establishment of ATS route network Action considered completed

Great circle routes Action considered completed

Criteria with establishing optimum ATS routes for aircraft with area navigation capability

Action considered completed

Investigation of ATS incidents Action considered completed

An example: specific implementation problems in the CAR/SAM Regional Air Navigation Plan, Part MET

Require-ments

State/

Facilities

Des-cription

Remarks Corrective measure

Date of completion

Priority of action

CAR/ SAM ANP, Part IV, Meteorology,para.3.1

Dominican Republic, Ecuador,

Grenada, Guyana, Haiti,

Honduras, Netherland Antilles, Trinidad &Tobago and Venezuela

Do not transmit regularly the AIREPs in accor-dance with require-ments

Keep a strict supervision and control of the operacional ATS/MET staff

Disseminate air notifications to required locations in accordance with the Table MET 2 requirements

To be determined

Urgent

Interregional Coordination and HarmonizationInterregional Coordination and Harmonization

Regular Exchanges Non-regular Exchanges( 5 flights per week): ( 5 flights per week)T = Aerodrome Forecasts t = Aerodrome ForecastsF = Meteorological Reports and Aerodrome Forecasts

Table Met 2

ACARSACARS

Most of SAM regions are involved in the implementation of ACARS

•Frequency range: VHF (118.0 – 136.975 MHz)•Modulation: AM-MSK•Throughput: 2.4 kbps•MAC: CSMA no-persistent•Data link protocol: Stop-and-Wait•Air-ground communication•Caracter-oriented Protocol

BelémSantarémBoa Vista

Tabatinga

Manaus

Rio Branco

Porto Velho

Jacareacanga

Alta FlorestaCuiabá

Campo Grande

Foz do Iguaçu

Curitiba

Porto Alegre

Fortaleza

Recife

Fernando deNoronha

PetrolinaBarreiras

SalvadorB.Jesus da Lapa

Porto Seguro

Conc. do AraguaiaBelo Horizonte

Rio de janeiro

Rib. PretoCampinas

Guarulhos

Brasília

Implemented DEPV’s RGS

Implemented SITA’s RGS

Planned RGS

ACARS in BrazilACARS in Brazil

VDL Mode 2VDL Mode 2

•D8PSK•Throughput: 31.5 kbps•MAC: CSMA p-persistent•Go-back-N•Air-ground communication•Bit-oriented protocol

Simulation Results at ITASimulation Results at ITA

ADS-Maximum responseTtime: 0.5 sVDL packet size: 8312 bitsPacket delay: 0.264 s (considering 31.5 kbps)To achieve requirement, the maximum delay =0.236 s (SNR, Number of stations)For SNR = 30dB, Maximum number of stations = 59

For applications with response time required (ADS and DLIC), theremust be a relationship between packet size, SNR and number of stations

GPSGPS

•CNS/ATM Environment in SAM•ADS Experiment•Pseudo-range Models•Doppler Shift Monitoring•GPS Service Integrity Control•Airport Lab•Others

““TEST BED” in SAM /CAR RegionTEST BED” in SAM /CAR Region

Master Station

Reference Station

VHF-DL Station

UP-LINK Station

MASTER STATION USA

RIO DE JANEIRO

BUENOS AIRES

BALMACEDA

SANTIAGO

ANTOFAGASTA

LAPAZ

LIMA

RECIFE

MANAUS

CURITIBA

BOGOTA

BRASILIA

MASTER STATION USA

HONDURAS

Satellite dish

The BRAZILIAN ADS and DGPS Trailssystem configuration

GPS receiver ADS TERMINAL

AIRCRAFT

INMARSAT Satellite

GROUNDEARTH

STATION

ADS GROUNDTERMINATION

GPS ANTENNA

LOW GAINANTENNA

ADS Experiment in Brazil (1993)ADS Experiment in Brazil (1993)

ADS Experiment in BrazilADS Experiment in Brazil

Pseudorange ModellingPseudorange Modelling

SV calculated (Xs,Ys,Zs) SV real (Xr,Yr,Zr)

Reference (ITA)(Xu, Yu, Zu)

Ionosphere

Post - processingReal Time

Troposphere

Pseudorange ModellingPseudorange Modelling

Doppler Shift MonitoringDoppler Shift Monitoring

GPS Service GPS Service IIntegrity:ntegrity: Monitoring Monitoring

Reference Site(Xr, Yr, Zr)

GPS Service GPS Service IIntegrity:ntegrity: Monitoring Monitoring

Reference Site(Xr, Yr, Zr)

Pseudolite 1(X1, Y1, Z1)

Pseudolite 2(X2, Y2, Z2)

GDOP using “All in View”GDOP using “All in View”

GDOP using “All in View”GDOP using “All in View”

SAR 3-D Airport MapSAR 3-D Airport Map

Airport LaboratoryAirport Laboratory

By using the existent infrastructure and facilities at São José dos Campos (SP,Brazil), it is possible to train SAM region personnel in:

oLAASoPseudolites (Pseudo-satellites)oIntegrity Control and Regional Nav. CentersoGNSS oCNS-ATM

Deployment TimescaleDeployment Timescale

AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments

This Project is partialy sponsered by the ICAO BRA-95/805 Objective 6 and by CTA/DEPV projects.

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