code no. 8059 faculty of pharmacy - g. pulla reddygprcp.ac.in/qpbp/bp41-14.pdf · 2014-11-22 ·...

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G.PULLA REDDY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

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Code No. 8059FACULTY OF PHARMACY

B. Pharmacy 4/4 I – Semester (Main) Examination, October / November 2014

Subject : Pharmaceutical Analysis – II (Instrumental Methods of Analysis)

Time : 3 hours Max. Marks : 70

Note: Answer all questions. All questions carry equal marks.

1 a) State and explain Beer-Lamberts law and its deviations. 5b) Define λmax and write the effect of solvent and conjugation on λmax. 4c) Write about different types of possible electronic transitions in organic compounds. 5

ORd) List out different types of solvents suitable for uv-spectroscopic studies, along with

their cut off wave lengths. 5e) Write the difference between single Beam and double beam spectrophotometers in

application. 4f) Write the qualitative and quantitative applications of uv-spectroscopy technique. 5

2 a) Write the principles of IR absorption and make a note on different types of molecularvibrations. 8

b) Explain Hooks law and give absorption frequencies of following functional groups. 6− COOH −NH2− OH − C O

ORc) Give the description and working of IR spectrophotometer with a neat labeled diagram. 10d) Explain finger print and functional group regions in IR spectrum. 4

3 a) Describe the principles and working of mass spectrometer with neat labeled diagram. 8b) Discuss Fragmentation Rules. 6

ORc) Write about the following : i) Chemical shift 4d) Radiative and Non-Radiative processes with Jablonski diagram. 10

4 a) Explain the Nernst equation for calculation of potentials in potentiometry. 4b) Write about different types of conductimetric titrations with examples. 10

ORc) Differentiate turbidometric and nephelometric analysis in principles and applications. 6d) Write about the following : 8

i) Interferences in Flamephotometry ii) Differential thermal analysis

5 a) Give the description and working of HPLC with a neat labeled diagram. 10b) Write the principles of paper chromatography technique. 4

ORc) Explain the principles, working and applications of paper electrophoresis. 8d) List out different types of detectors used in gas chromatograph and give description

and working of thermal conductivity detector. 6

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B. Pharmacy 4/4 I - Semester (Main) Examination, October / November 2014

Subject : Pharmaceutical Business Management

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70


1 (a) Describe the term ‘management’ in three different ways. Describe any two functionsof management. (9)

(b) Explain the concept of management information system (MIS). (5)OR

(c) Describe the functions of ‘production, planning and control’. Explain the proceduresof planning for the same. (9)

(d) Explain the concept of TQM with applications. (5)

2 (a) Describe the primary factors influencing the location of a pharmaceutical industry. (8)(b) Describe the needs of ‘water’ in a pharmaceutical industry. Describe any two

methods of preparing pharmaceutical grade water. (6)OR

(c) Describe two types of layouts with their relative advantages. (7)(d) Describe the concept of compartmentalization and explain the considerations of

rooms in the industry. (7)

3 (a) Describe the principles, applications, limitations and method of EOQ. (9)(b) Describe the functions of material management. (5)

OR(c) Explain the purchasing cycle and procedures for the materials. (9)(d) Draw the Pareto’s curve and explain ABC analysis. (5)

4 (a) Describe the steps involved in the process of “personnel selection” in the industry. (10)(b) Explain the importance of motivation. (4)

OR(c) Describe different sources of recruitment. Give advantages and disadvantages of

any three methods. (8)(d) Explain the importance of job evaluation and merit of rating. (6)

5 (a) Define the terms ‘sales promotion’ and ‘advertisement’. Describe three functions ofmarketing management of pharmaceuticals. (9)

(b) Explain the concepts of product mix and promotion mix. (5)OR

(c) Describe the distribution channels of pharmaceuticals. (7)(d) Explain the pricing policies of pharmaceuticals. (7)

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B. Pharmacy 4/4 I – Semester (Main) Examination, October / November 2014

Subject : Bio Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics



1 a) Explain the significance of Noyes Whitney equation. 7b) Explain various formulation factors affecting the drug absorption. 7

ORc) Write in detail various theories of drug dissolution. 7d) Explain various drug transport mechanism across the cell membrane. 7

2 a) Explain the methods to determine protein binding. 7b) Explain the role of physico chemical properties on drug distribution. 7

ORc) Explain the kinetics of protein binding. 7d) Explain permeability rate limited and perfusion rate limited drug distribution. 7

3 a) What is biotransformation? Explain its objectives write about phase-I reactionswith suitable examples. 10

b) Write a brief note on enterohepatic circulation. 4OR

c) Discuss the significance of enzyme induction and inhibition. 7d) Explain the mechanism of renal excretion of drugs. 4e) Write a note about mixed function oxidases in drug metabolism. 3

4 a) Define drug interactions with examples. Explain in detail the pharmacokineticinteractions. 14

ORb) Write short notes on i) Cmax ii) tmax iii) AUC iv) Vd 8c) How do you adjust the dosage in patients suffering with renal disease? Explain

with suitable examples. 6

5 a) A 65 kg man received a single I V bolus dose of an antibiotic at a dose level of6mg/kg and the following data are obtained (Assume one compartment openmodel). 14

Time (hours) 0.25 0.5 1.00 3.00 6.00 12.00 18.00Plasma concentration (mg/ml) 8.21 7.87 7.23 5.15 3.09 1.11 0.40

Calculate all possible pharmacokinetic parameters.OR

b) Explain the Flip-Flop phenomenon for the determination of absorption rate constantfor a single oral dose. 7

c) Derive C = Css x )1( kete for a drug administered by I V infusion. (One compartmentopen model). 7

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B. Pharmacy 4/4 I - Semester (Main) Examination, October/November 2014

Subject: Dosage Formulation and Design (Pharmaceutics–III)

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70


1 (a) Discuss the role of Pka, solubility and polymorphism in preformulation studies. (9)(b) what is the importance of preformulation studies in formulation development. (5)

OR(c) Write the effect of hydrolysis, oxidation and polymerization on formulation and

stability of the products with preventive measures. (14)

2 (a) Write the advantages and disadvantages of sustained action pharmaceuticals.Write the criteria for drugs selection for sustained release formulations. (6)

(b) Write a brief note on following sustained release formulations. (8)(i) Tabletted Slow release granules (ii) Drug-complex formulation.

OR(c) Define microencapsulaiton? Write the reasons for encapsulation of products with

examples. (5)(d) Enumerate the methods for micro encapsulation. Describe Air suspension technique

and pan coating method for micro encapsulation. (9)

3 (a) Discuss various approaches used in development of Transdermal drug deliverysystems. (10)

(b) Write the applications of nano-particles with examples. (4)OR

(c) Describe the design of Occuserts. (5)(d) What are the different methods for preparation of liposomes? Explain physical

dispersion methods for preparation of liposome. (9)

4 (a) Define Bioavailability and Bioequivalence. (3)(b) Explain different enhancement methods for bioavailability. (11)

OR(c) Discuss the importance of validation in cGMP. (6)(d) Define validation. Write about different types of process validation. (8)

5 (a) What is Quality Assurance and Quality control? Write a note on sources andcontrol of quality variation. (7)

(b) Write a note on Quality assurance at startup of manufacturing process. (7)OR

(c) What are the different types of Quality Control Charts available? Write about QCcharts of variables and attributes. (10)

(d) Write a brief note on control of records. (4)

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B. Pharmacy 4/4 I - Semester (Main) Examination, October / November 2014

Subject: Medicinal Chemistry – IITime: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70


1 (a) Define local ataesthetics with examples and give SAR of Amino benzoic acidderivatives. (14)

(b) Write the IUPAC name, synthesis and MOA of following: (3x3=9)(i) Ibuprofen (ii) Pethidine (iii) Diclofenac sodium

OR(c) Explain the SAR of Anthrailic acid derivatives. (5)(d) Give the synthesis and uses of following drugs (3x3=9)

(i) Lidocaine (2) piroxican (iii) Paracetamol

2 (a) Discuss SAR of Tetracyclines. (5)(b) Give the synthesis of Ampicillin or ciprofloxacin. (4)(c) Add a note on structural modifications of cephalosporines. (5)

OR(d) Discuss the MOA of various Alkylating agents with examples. (5)(e) Give the IUPAC name, synthesis and MOA of following: (3x3=9)

(i) Methotrexate (ii) Sulfadioxine (iii) Novobiocin

3 (a) Add a note on Antiprotozoal drugs (Including classification and MOA). (5)(b) Give the synthesis and MOA of following: (3x3=9)

(i) Choroquine (ii) Albendazole (iii) PyrantelpamoateOR

(c) Define antihelmintics and give the classification with examples. (2)(d) Write the structure and synthesis of the following: (4x3)

(i) Tinidazole (ii) Ketaconazole (iii) primaquire (iv) Dapsone

4 (a) Define Sedatives. Explain SAR of Benzodiazapines. (5)(b) Give the IUPAC name, synthesis and MOA of following: (3x3)

(i) Buspirone (ii) Ketamine (iii) MedazolamOR

(c) Define general anaesthetics. Give the classification with examples and significance. (5)(d) Write IUPAC name, synthesis and uses of (3x3)

(i) Haloperidol (ii) Ethosuximide (iii) Carbidopa

5 (a) Give the structure, preparation and role of vitamin B2, B6 and Vitamin C. (3x2)(b) Add a note on protein drugs and their significance. (4)(c) What are the diseases caused by deficiency of vitamin B2 and K (2x2)

OR(d) Differentiate between essential and non essential amino acids with examples (4)(e) List out the significance of essential amino acids with their structures. (5)(f) Give the structure, storage conditions and uses of vitamin A and D. (2x2)

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Code No. 7228 / SFACULTY OF PHARMACY

B. Pharmacy 4/4 I-Semester (Supplementary) Examination, March 2014

Subject : Pharmaceutical Analysis – II (Instrumental Methods of Analysis)



1 (a) Discuss the properties of EMR and make note on molecular absorptionspectra. (6)

(b) Give the description and working of UV-visible spectrophotometer withneat labelled diagram. (8)

OR(c) Discuss the different quantitative methods for single component analysis

by UV-spectroscopy. (8)(d) Explain the following: (6)

(i) Chromophore and Auxochrome(ii) Bathochromic and Hypsocromic shifts

2 (a) Explain the following: (6)(i) Intensity and position of IR Bands(ii) Finger print region and functional group region

(b) Write about different types of detectors used in IR spectrophotometers. (8)OR

(c) Write about different sample preparation and handling techniques in IRspectroscopy. (7)

(d) Explain in brief the interpretation of IR spectra of organic compounds. (7)

3 (a) Write the principle and theory involved in NMR spectroscopy. (7)(b) Discuss about various ionization techniques in mass spectroscopy for Ion

production. (7)OR

(c) Explain the phenomena of fluorescence and phosphorescence. (4)(d) Discuss different factors affecting fluorescence of organic compounds. (6)(e) Explain about shielding and deshielding effect with examples. (4)

4 (a) Write short notes on :(i) Nephelometry and Turbidometry (7)(ii) Differential thermal analysis (7)

OR(b) Give the description and working of standard hydrogen electrode (7)(c) Discuss different end point evaluation methods in potentiometry. (7)

5 (a) Give the principles and experimental details of paper chromatographytechniques. (10)

(b) Differentiate HPLC and HPTLC. (4)OR

(c) Write about different types of detectors in gas chromatography. (8)(d) Give the theory and principle involved in paper electrophoresis technique. (6)

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B. Pharmacy 4/4 I – Semester (Supplementary) Examination, March 2014

Subject : Medicinal Chemistry – II



1 a) Define Narcotic analgesiss. Give the S.A.R. of opioid analgesics. 5b) Write the IUPAC name, synthesis and MOA of following drugs. 3 x 3 = 9

i) Bupivacaine ii) Fentenyl iii) NaloxoneOR

c) Give the synthesis and MOA of following drugs. 3 x 3 = 9i) Ibuprofen ii) Pethidine iii) Fentenyl

d) Discuss the S.A.R. of Acetic acid derivatives. 5

2 a) Define Neoplasm. Give the classification with example of antineoplastic agents. 1+2b) Explain S.A.R. of nitrogen mustards and give the synthesis of chloranbucil and

fluorouracil. 5+3+3OR

c) Discuss the structural modifications of β-lactum antibiotics. 5d) Write the IUPAC name, synthesis and uses of following : 3 x 3 = 9

i) Chlortetra cycline ii) Cephalexine iii) Chloramphenicol

3 a) Discuss the life cycle of DNA virus. 5b) Write IUPAC name, synthesis and MOA of following : 3 x 3 = 9

i) Ethambutol ii) Fluconazole iii) Piperazine citrateOR

c) Define Anti HIV agents. Give the MOA of different classes of drugs. 5d) Give the structure, IUPAC name and synthesis of following : 3 x 3 = 9

i) Diethyl carbamazine ii) Niclosamide iii) Dapsone

4 a) What are hypnotics? Explain S.A.R. of Barbiturates. 5b) Give the synthesis and MOA of following : 3 x 3 = 9

i) Enflurane ii) Glutethimide iii) ZolpicloneOR

c) Explain S.A.R. of following : 3 x 2 = 6i) Oxazolidinediones ii) Succinimides

d) Give the synthesis for following : 4 x 2 = 8i) Diazepam ii) Chlorpromazine iii) Amitryptiline iv) Halothane

5 a) Give a note on development of protein drugs with examples. 6b) Write the structure, sources, deficiency diseases of vitamin A, E, D and Vitamin C. 4 x 2 = 8

ORc) Write the significances of essential amino acids. 4d) Give the structure, and biochemical role of vitamin D and K. 3 x 2 = 6e) Define and classify vitamins. Give examples along with the structures for fat soluble

vitamins. 4

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B. Pharmacy 4/4 I – Semester (Supplementary) Examination, April 2014Subject: Dosage Formulation Design (Pharmaceutics-III)

Time : 3 Hours Max.Marks : 70Note: Answer ALL questions. All questions carry equal marks.

1 (a) Write about the protocol for conducting solution stability studies. (7)(b) Explain the importance of solubility and flow properties of drugs in

preformulation studies. (7)OR

(c) Discuss the various methods to prevent the Hydrolysis reaction. (7)(d) Write about the importance of organoleptic property and their effect in the

formulation of dosage forms. (7)

2 (a) Discuss the formulation of sustained release dosage forms with suitableexamples. (7)

(b) Define the following terms: (3+4+7)(i) Sustained release dosage forms(ii) Controlled release dosage forms(iii) Delayed release dosage formsWrite advantages, disadvantages and limitations of sustained release dosageforms.

OR(c) Discuss in detail about coacervation phase separation for micro encapsulation

with suitable examples. (14)

3 (a) Discuss the various methods of preparation of Nanoparticles. (7)(b) Explain in detail about various approaches used for the development of TDDS. (7)

OR(c) Write a note on evaluation of TDDs formulations. (7)(d) Explain the solvent dispersion techniques used for the preparation of liposomes. (7)

4 (a) Discuss in detail about bioavailability assessment methods. (7)(b) Write a note on different process validation methods. (7)

OR(c) Describe the experimental design for single dose bio equivalence study. (7)(d) Discuss the importance of dissolution studies and write about the factors

influencing dissolution. (7)

5 (a) Differentiate between quality control and quality assurance. Write a note onquality assurance of raw materials. (7)

(b) Write a note on master formula record and batch production record. (7)OR

(c) Discuss the quality assurance of compounding and packing materials. (7)(d) What is statistical quality control? Discuss the various types of quality control

charts. (7)

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B. Pharmacy 4/4 I – Semester (Supplementary) Examination, April 2014

Subject: Pharmaceutical Business Management

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70Note: Answer ALL questions. All questions carry equal marks.

1 (a) Define Management by Objectives (MBO). Describe its implementation in an enterprise.(b) Define Management and various Skills of Management.

OR(c) Explain the procedure for planning the production.(d) Describe the scheduling techniques and procedures in Pharmaceuticals production.

2 (a) What are the derived (Secondary) factors, which influence plant location?(b) What are the factors which influence the plant layout?

OR(c) What are the special provisions of pharmaceutical plant layout?(d) Explain the steps involved in the work study.

3 (a) Describe the functions of stores management.(b) Explain purchasing cycle and procedure.

OR(c) Define Just in Time (JIT), its advantages in inventory management.(d) Describe the principles, applications and limitations of Economic Order Quantity (EOQ).

4 (a) Describe the internal sources of recruitment.(b) Define performance appraisal, explain its objectives.

OR(c) Describe the Maslow's theory of motivation.(d) Describe the Herzberg's Two-Factor-theory of motivation.

5 (a) Describe the distribution channels of pharmaceduticals.OR

(b) What is market research? Explain its importance in pharmaceutical marketing.

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B. Pharmacy 4/4 I-Semester (Supplementary) Examination, March 2014

Subject : Bio Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics



1 (a) Write the important characteristics of carrier mediated transport. Explainfacilitated diffusion and active transport. (8)

(b) How does nature and type of dosage form influence absorption? (6)OR

(c) Enlist various physiological factors that affect drug absorption. Explain anyfour. (9)

(d) Write a note on presystemic metabolism. (5)

2 (a) What are the factors that influence distribution of drugs? Explain permeationrate limited distribution. (7)

(b) What are displacement interactions? Write their significance. (7)OR

(c) Explain physiological barriers to drug distribution. (9)(d) Explain the kinetics of protein drug binding. (5)

3 (a) Classify phase-I reactions. Discuss oxidative reactions. (7)(b) What is the effect of pH and pKa on tubular reabsorption. (7)

OR(c) Explain enzyme induction and enzyme inhibition. (7)(d) What is meant by enterohepatic circulation? Write its significance. (7)

4 (a) Write in detail about compartment modeling. (7)(b) How is dose adjusted in renal failure ? (7)

OR(c) Write about : (4+4+6)

(i) AUC (ii) Half life (iii) Clearance

5 (a) Iv bolus dose – 325 mg. is administered. Assume that drug follows onecompartment kinetics, calculate all possible parameters for the followingdata: (14)

Time (hrs) 2 4 6 8 10 12 16 20Cone (g ml) 18.3 10.1 5.8 3.3 1.8 1.0 0.31 0.12

OR(b) The equation that best describes pharmacokinetics of a drug after oral

administration of 400 mg of dose isC = 1.4 (e-0.2t – e-1.4t). Assume one compartment kinetics. Calculate Cmax,tmax elimination half life, apparent Vd (if fraction bioavailable is 0.5),concentration of drug in plasma after 3 hours. (10)

(c) Explain the terms lag time and flip flop phenomena. (4)*****

code no. 8059 faculty of pharmacy - g. pulla reddygprcp.ac.in/qpbp/bp41-14.pdf · 2014-11-22 ·...

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