college prep american studies. the rise of hitler adolf hitler was an austrian born wwi veteran when...
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The Rise of Hitler
Adolf Hitler was an Austrian born WWI veteranWhen WWI broke out, Hitler joined the German ArmyAfter the war, he stayed in Germany and became an extreme nationalistBy 1921, Hitler gained control of the National Socialists German Workers’ Party or Nazi PartyThe Nazis blamed the Jews and anyone else who was not part of the Aryan (Germanic) race for WWI and the troubles facing Germany in the 1920s and 1930sBy 1933, Hitler had power over the German legislature- Reichstag and the militaryHe was called the Fuhrer (supreme leader) of the Third Reich (German Empire)
Rise of Mussolini in ItalyWWI veteran who feared the increase in the socialist party in ItalyBy 1919 socialists were gaining political majorities in parliamentPlaying on the fear of a communist revolution in Italy, Mussolini came to power as the leader of the anti-communist party- The Fascists- Il DuceMussolini became prime minister in 1922Mussolini dreamed of building an Italian empire- beginning in the MediterraneanItaly invaded Ethiopia in October of 1935 while the League of Nations did nothing
The Fascists and the Nazis
Fascists Nazis Leader was a WWI veteran -
Mussolini Far-right aggressive nationalist
movement The nation and the race were more
important than the individual- wanted to regain the power of the Ancient Roman Empire
Gangs with black shirts intimidated any opposition with physical violence
Aggression equals action, Peace equals weakness
Bans on freedom of assembly, freedom of the press, no opposition to the government was tolerated
Anti-Semitic Aggressive nationalists
Leader was a WWI Veteran- Hitler
Far-right aggressive nationalist movement
The nation and the race were more important than the individual – The Third Reich
Storm Troopers intimidated any opposition with physical violence
Aggression equals action, Peace equals weakness
Bans on freedom of assembly, freedom of the press, no opposition to the government was tolerated
Anti-Semitic Aggressive nationalists
Spanish Civil War In 1936, Spanish Army General Francisco Franco
tried to overthrow the new Spanish government Italy and Germany supported Franco Britain, France and the United States abided by
non-intervention agreements 580,000 people died Italy sent 100,000 soldiers and air pilots who
bombed without opposition Germany ran bombing runs from the Air On April 26, 1937 German and Italian planes
bombed the small town of Guernica and killed more than 100 civilians- depicted in Pablo Picasso’s famous painting
Franco’s nationalists won the Spanish Civil War
The Munich Pact: Appeasement- making concessions to an aggressor in order to keep the peace
March 1938, Hitler proclaimed that Austria was part of Germany and sent troops to Vienna
September, 1938- The Munich Pact: Britain and France allow Hitler to take over the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia with Hitler’s promise that he will make no other territorial advances in Europe
Hitler had claimed he was taking only the German speaking Czech. land
“Peace for our time”- British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
War is declared
March 14, 1939- Hitler takes over the rest of Czechoslovakia
August 23, 1939- Germany signs a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union
September 1, 1939- Germany invades Poland blitzkrieg- lightening war
September 3, Britain declares war on Germany, France, Australia, new Zealand, India, and Canada follow
Japanese Imperialism
Economic success, militarism, population increase, and the need for raw materials led to Japanese expansion
In 1931, Japan attacked Manchuria In 1932, a puppet government is established in
Manchuria League of Nations condemned the Japanese aggression Japan withdraws from the league Japan continues its invasion of China In 1936, Japan signs a military agreement with Nazi
Germany In 1937, Japan takes Shanghai and Nanjing- the “China
Incident” F.D.R. suggests a silk boycott; U.S. economists become
increasingly nervous of Japanese aggression in China
United States Foreign Policy 1930- Good Neighbor Policy
(isolationism) 1935-1937 - Neutrality Acts:
1. Prohibit the sale of weapons to nations at war
2. Prohibit travel by American citizens on ships of warring countries
3. “cash & carry”- all American goods had to be purchased in cash and transported by the purchasing nations
American Foreign Policy
1938- F.D.R. asks congress for $300 million in military spending
1939- F.D.R. asks congress for 1.3 billion in military spending
1940- Roosevelt places an embargo on the sale of aviation fuel, iron, steel, and rubber to Japan
1940- F.D.R. gives Great Britain 50 “extra” destroyers for which the British grants the U.S. permission to establish naval bases in British Bermuda, Newfoundland, and British Guiana
Selective Service Act of 1940- first peace time draft in U.S. history. All men between 21-35 were to serve in the military for one year.
1940- Lend Lease
January, 1941- provided war supplies to Britain without any payment in return.
“If your neighbor’s house in on fire, you don’t sell him a hose. You lend it to him and take it back after the fire is out.”
Authorized the president to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security.
By the end of the war, the United States had loaned or given away more than $49 billion worth of aid to 40 nations.
Main Flow of Lend-Lease Aid (width of arrows indicates relative amount)
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Moving America closer to war April, 1940- German air attacks took Denmark &
Norway May , 1940- Germany took the Netherlands, Belgium,
and Luxembourg May, 1940- Germany went through Belgium into
France June, 1940- Germany occupied Paris July, 1940- With France secured, Germany began
bombing British ships in the English Channel September, 1940- Japan joined with Germany
and Italy to form the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis Roosevelt extended the embargo against Japan and
froze Japanese assets in the United States Sept. 1940- May, 1941- “The London Blitz”
Germany conducted nightly bombings of British cities
The Atlantic Charter
Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met on a warship off the coat of Newfoundland in August of 1941.
1.Set military strategy and goals for the war
2.Set goals for after the war including the goal of self-determination
3.outlined the future United Nations
Pearl HarborDecember 7, 1941 November, 1941- Japanese negotiators proposed a list of
proposals to the US two were particularly unacceptable to the US
1. Restore trade with Japan2. Withdraw support for China November 26, 1941 Sec of State Hull gave the Japanese envoys
a note that was statement of refusal of the November proposals December 6, 1941- FDR made a personal appeal to Emperor
Hirohito which stated that both nations had a “sacred duty to restore traditional amity and prevent further death and destruction in the world”
No response was received FDR believed that the Japanese attack was going to be in British
Malaya or in the Philippines “Black Sunday” December 7, 1941- 3,000 Americans died, many
aircraft were destroyed, battleship fleet was virtually wiped out December 8, 1941- FDR asked Congress for a declaration of war
called 12/7/41 a “day which will live in infamy”