combat operations with firearms volume 2 chapter 3 execution release 2011 12 22

8/3/2019 Combat Operations With Firearms Volume 2 Chapter 3 Execution Release 2011 12 22

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/combat-operations-with-firearms-volume-2-chapter-3-execution-release-2011-12 1/47

Xdjrgb 5) D}bua|kdis)

Cna}|bu 3) B~bcr|kdi)

_AUIKIO6K| ks id| |nb ki|bi| dh |nks |b~| |d lbscukeb |nb jboajk|{ dh wna| ks

b~}ubssbl di |nks |b~|) \nb |b~| ki |nb cdi|bi| sndrjl id| eb cdisklbublas jboaj alxkcb) \nb ubalbu ks ubs}diskejb hdu bisrukio ai{ ac|kdi |a`bi

ki ubja|kdi |d |nks ldcrgbi|/s cdi|bi| ks jboaj ki |nb ubalbu/sfrukslkc|kdi)

\nb ldcrgbi| ks wuk||bi hdu ubsbaucn }ru}dsb)

\bugs lbhkibl

'D}bua|du6‚D}bua|du‗ ubhbus |d a }busdi wnd ks bioaobl ki a cdgea|

d}bua|kdi) D}bua|dus/ ac|kdi ks |nb srefbc| dh |nks |b~|) \nb |bugwas cndsbi }au|j{ ebcarsb dh jac` dh eb||bu wduls |d lbscukeb |nb

srefbc| }busdi dh |nks |b~|) Sndd|bu dij{ gbais a }busdi wnd ksbioaokio ki a sndd|kio ac|kxk|{) Ajsd* |nb }busdi nal |d eb

lks|kiorksnbl hudg gkjk|au{ lbhkik|kdi dh ‚cdgea|ai|)‗



3) B~bcr|kdi)

S|au| dh ai d}bua|kdi cai eb |ukoobl e{ d}bua|du/s riai|kck}a|blubcdoik|kdi dh d}}dsk|kdi }dskio cbu|aki jbxbj dh |nuba| ki |nb auba |nb

d}bua|du ks ki) S|au| dh ai d}bua|kdi ajsd cai eb a }jaiibl bxbi|)

Kh |nb d}bua|kdi s|au|bl wk|n id lkubc| cdi|ac| wk|n d}}dibi|s* d}bua|dusga{ cnddsb |d bsca}b hudg |nb auba) Kh |nb bsca}b hudg |nb auba ks id| a

sahbu d}|kdi cdg}aubl |d d|nbu aj|buia|kxbs* du kh d}bua|dus naxb d|nbuubasdi |d |a`b |nb uks` dh ubgakikio ki |nb auba* d}bua|dus ibbl |d |a`b

ac|kdi |d ga`b |nb }udeaejb cdi|ac| wk|n |nb d}}dibi| na}}bi ki a gaiibu|na| wkjj okxb |nbg alxai|aobs) D}bua|dus ga{ cnddsb |d gaibrxbu |d a

}dsk|kdi dh |ac|kcaj alxai|aob ail ndjl k|* du gaibrxbu |d ga`b cdi|ac|wk|n |nb d}}dibi|* du hdu|kh{ |nb }dsk|kdi |nb{ aub ki)

Rilbu cdi|ac| wk|n d}}dibi|s* sdgb dh |nb d}|kdis |na| wbub axakjaejb

}ukdu |d |nb cdi|ac| ga{ id jdiobu eb axakjaejb du jd| gdub ubs|ukc|bl*ebcarsb axdklkio d}}dibi|s/ a||ac` |a`bs }ukduk|{ ail gaibrxbu }a|n du

}dsk|kdi ga{ eb lbikbl e{ |nb d}}dibi|s)



3)1) Ubal{ s|a|b)

D}bua|du gaki|akis cbu|aki cdilk|kdi |d hackjk|a|b bhhbc|kxb ubs}disb |da |nuba|* ail gaki|aki sahb|{)

\bugs lbhkibl6

'S|ail e{ s|a|b6 A s|a|b d}bua|dus aub ki wnkjb bioaokio ki

ac|kxk|kbs d|nbu |nai cdgea| d}bua|kdis* wk|n |nb wba}di accbsskejb|d eb eudron| ki |d ubal{ }dsk|kdi)



3)1)1) Bqrk}gbi| ubalkibss

3)1)1)1) Hkubaug ubal{ s|a|b

\nbub aub cbu|aki orklbjkibs |na| sndrjl eb hdjjdwbl ki dulbu |d ublrcb}udeaekjk|{ dh accklbi|s)

Easkc urjbs dh hkubaug sahb|{6

'Assrgb ajj hkubaugs aub jdalbl* rijbss k| ks cdihkugbl rijdalbl)

'@bb} |nb grvvjb |dwauls a}}ud}uka|b lkubc|kdi)'@bb} |nb hkiobu dhh |nb |ukoobu* ail }ubhbuaej{ dr| dh |nb |ukoobu wbjj*

ri|kj {dr naxb kik|ka|bl a oriibu{ }udcbss)'Eb awaub dh {dru |auob| ail k|s sruudrilkios)

Gds| }bd}jb hagkjkau wk|n hkubaug jbssdis ki R)S) wkjj ubajkvb |na| |nb

aedxb easb urjbs aub lkhhbubi| hudg wna| ks cdggdij{ |aron|) \nb ubasdiwn{ k| ks lkhhbubi| ks |na| |nb easb urjbs cdggdij{ |aron| ks |d okxb

bas{ |d |bacn ubhbubicb* id| |d eb cduubc| ki ajj ckucrgs|aicbs ki ajk|buaj sbisb) ‚Qrkc` ail bas{ orklb‗ ks id| |nb ki|bilbl }ru}dsb dh |nb

|b~|* sd |nks |b~| odbs e{ ndw |nb urjbs sndrjl ubal)

Nbub aub |nb urjbs |na| aub cdggdij{ |aron|* ail wn{ |nb urjbs sroobs|blki |nks |b~| ks lkhhbubi|6

' ‚Ajj hkubaugs aub ajwa{s jdalbl)‗

]udejbg wk|n |nks ks |na| k| ks hajsb) Id| ajj hkubaugs aub ajwa{s

jdalbl) Ail* k| ks sdgb|kgbs ibcbssau{ |d d}bua|b ai rijdalbl hkubaug kia gaiibu wnkcn wdrjl eb laiobudrs kh k| was jdalbl) Gds| dh |ndsb

sk|ra|kdis kixdjxb gaki|biaicb* er| ajsd kixdjxbs |uakikio* b|c)

' ‚Ibxbu }dki| |nb grvvjb a| ai{|nkio {dr aub id| wkjjkio |d lbs|ud{‗

\nb ekoobs| }udejbg wk|n |nb curlbj{ lbhkibl urjb dh grvvjb lksck}jkib ks|na| d}bua|kdiaj rsb dh hkubaug ubqrkubs |nb hkubaug eb ki dib dh |nubb

s|a|bs* wnkcn ks ubal{ }dsk|kdi* hkukio }dsk|kdi* ail |uaisk| eb|wbbi |nb|wd0 ail |nb }ukduk|{ dh id| jb||kio |nb grvvjb }dki| |dwaul a 3 ul }au|{

}busdi du }ud}bu|{ ks ebjdw }dki|kio |nb grvvjb a| a |auob| dugaki|akikio a ubal{ }dsk|kdi |na| gds| bhhbc|kxbj{ hackjk|a|bs |nb

}dki|kio dh grvvjb a| a |auob| di lbgail)

Aid|nbu }udejbg wk|n |nb urjb ks |na| uboauljbss dh wnb|nbu {dr wai| |dlbs|ud{ sdgb|nkio du id|* a ori grvvjb wkjj ajwa{s eb }dki|kio a|

sdgb|nkio) Bxbi kh k|‛s }dki|bl |dwauls d}bi aku* |nb erjjb| wkjj hajj disdgb|nkio kh |nb ori ks hkubl) Ail* dr| sklb dh a cdi|udjjbl bixkudigbi|*

srcn as a uaiob* k| ebcdgbs gdub dh a }udejbg ebcarsb |nbub aub |nkios aid}bua|du wdrjl id| wai| |d lbs|ud{ ki bxbu{ lkubc|kdi) _k|n gdlbui rueai

erkj| r} bixkudigbi|* }bd}jb id| dij{ b~ks|s ki ajj lkubc|kdi di a



ndukvdi|aj }jaib* er| cai b~ks| ki ai{ s}nbukcaj lkubc|kdi)

\nks jbals |d sdgbdib a||bg}|kio |d ga`b riubajks|kc }djkc{ |na| ahhbc|s|nb d}bua|kdi bhhkckbic{ ail sahb|{ dh d}bua|dus) Dib b~ag}jb ks }bd}jb

ga`kio auorgbi|s srcn as a sndrjlbu ndjs|bu |na| }dsk|kdis |nb ori grvvjbndukvdi|aj sndrjl id| eb wdui ebcarsb k| }dsk|kdis a }ks|dj ki srcn a

gaiibu |na| k| wdrjl }dki| |nb grvvjb |dwaul a }busdi |d |nb ubaulkubc|kdi dh |nb wbaubu) \nb sdjr|kdi |d |na| sndrjl eb rskio a ndjs|bu

ail ori cdgekia|kdi |na| wdrjl id| hkub rijbss |nb rsbu }rjjs |nb ori dr|ail }rjj |nb |ukoobu* id| }busbcr|b |nb rsb dh a sndrjlbu ndjs|bu) Kh a

sndrjlbu ndjs|bu sndrjl id| eb rsbl hdu |na| ubasdi* id d|nbu ndjs|bussndrjl eb rsbl bk|nbu* ebcarsb k| wdrjl }dki| |nb grvvjb |dwaul a cbu|aki

lkubc|kdi ail ai{ kiidcbi| }busdi cai eb }ubsbi| ki ai{ lkubc|kdi* bxbirilbu |nb wbaubu kh |nb wbaubu ks ki a grj|k s|du{ erkjlkio wk|n wddlbi

hjddu) Ndwbxbu* |nb kssrb wk|n |nb obibuajkvbl aesdjr|b urjb ldbs id| bilwk|n ai auorgbi| uboaulkio gb|ndl dh cauu{kio a hkubaug id| ki rsb)

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

_ba}di s|a|rs6

_ba}di sndrjl eb `b}| cjdsbs| |d ubal{ |d hkub as }dsskejb* |d |nb }dki|

wnbub |nb uks` dh |nb wba}di ebkio hkubl e{ ai accklbi| ks `b}| jdwbu

|nai |nb uks` dh wba}di id| ebkio cjdsb |d ubal{ |d hkub carskio |nbd}bua|du |d id| eb aejb |d ubs}dil |d a |nuba|) Sbjbc|kdi dh wba}dis |na|ld id| naxb a gairaj hkukio kinkek|kio lbxkcb nbj}s ublrcb |nb wdu` jdal

ail }dsskekjk|{ dh riki|bilbl ac|kxa|kdi du lbac|kxa|kdi dh gairaj hkukiokinkek|kio lbxkcb wnkcn wdrjl ubsrj| ki a ori id| ebkio ubal{ |d hkub

wnbi |nb d}bua|du rskio k| |nki`s k| ks du ori ebkio ubal{ |d hkub wnbi|nb d}bua|du rskio k| |nki`s k| ks id|)

Ndwbxbu* kh a wba}di wk|n gairaj hkukio kinkek|kio lbxkcb ks rsbl* |nb

lbxkcb sndrjl eb lksbioaobl |d biaejb hkub id ja|bu |nai wnbi }ubsbicb dhai d}}dibi| kilkca|kio |nuba| dh sbukdrs edlkj{ naug du lba|n nas ebbi

cdihkugbl ail |nb sk|ra|kdi frs|khkbs lks}ja{ dh a hkubaug* lb}bilkio di|nb |{}b dh wba}di)

Sdgb wba}dis wk|n gairaj hkukio kinkek| lbxkcb* srcn as G1;11 |{}b

}ks|dj* nas cdi|udj jbxbu ki a jdca|kdi |na| ks jbss kicdixbikbi| |dgaik}rja|b cdg}aubl |d gds| d|nbu wba}dis wk|n gairaj hkukio kinkek|

lbxkcb* ail |na| ublrcbs |nb uks` dh jbaxkio |nb wba}di ki hkukio kinkek|gdlb ubja|kxbj{ jdw cdg}aubl |d |nb d|nbus) Duoaikva|kdis |na| rsb srcn

}ks|djs dh|bi naxb a }djkc{ dh `bb}kio |nb kinkek|du di ri|kj |nbd}bua|du kik|ka|bs a oriibu{ }udcbss)

Er|* gds| wba}dis |na| naxb gairaj hkukio kinkek| lbxkcbs naxb cdi|udj

jbxbu du er||di ki a jdca|kdi du hdug |na| ks kg}uac|kcaj |d gaik}rja|b



wk|n s}bbl) Sbjbc|du jbxbu di ai A@'<? |{}b ukhjb ks a |{}kcaj b~ag}jb)Ail* bxbi kh k| ks di a jdca|kdi |na| ks cdixbikbi| |d gaik}rja|b* k|

alls ai b~|ua |as` dh ga`kio a lbckskdi ail b~bcr|kio a gd|kdi |na| |nbd}bua|du ga{ hakj |d }buhdug)

Hkubaugs di s|ail e{ s|a|b hdu cdgea| rsb sndrjl eb `b}| wk|n a udril

cnagebubl* rijbss |nb hkubaug rsbl ks id| car|kdrsj{ lbskoibl wk|ncdisklbua|kdi hdu cauu{ ail s|duaob wk|n a cnagebubl udril)

D}bua|dus sndrjl ubjdal kh |nb{ hkubl a ori ail |nbub ks ai d}}du|rik|{

|d ld sd* kis|bal dh wak|kio ri|kj |nb gaoavkib ks bg}|{) Aggrik|kdisr}}j{ sndrjl eb gdik|dubl) Hdu |nb }ru}dsb dh a sbcruk|{ d}bua|kdi* kh

d}bua|dus lbcklbl |d gaki|aki cdi|ac| ail a||bg}| |d kica}ack|a|bd}}dibi|s* k| sndrjl eb ebcarsb |nb uks` dh ub|uba|kio ks nkonbu)

Ndwbxbu* as |nb }dsskekjk|{ dh lb}jb|kdi dh aggrik|kdi sr}}j{ ebhdubd}bua|kdi ks dxbu uksbs* |nb uks` dh gaki|akikio cdi|ac| wk|n ai d}}dibi|

ga{ uksb eb{dil |nb uks` dh a||bg}|kio bsca}b) Bsca}b sndrjl ebcdisklbubl a| |na| }dki| |d axdkl aggrik|kdi sr}}j{ lb}jb|kio* kh

}dsskejb)

\{}b dh hkubaugs ail aggrik|kdi sndrjl eb cnbc`bl* bxbu{ |kgb k| ksacqrkubl* ail aggrik|kdi sndrjl ga|cn |nb hkubaug) S}bckhkc wuk||bi

lbscuk}|kdis sndrjl eb cnbc`bl)'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''



3)1)5) Cdgea| ubal{ }ds|rub6

_nbi cdgea| d}bua|kdi ks ki }udoubss* d}bua|dus hdugkio a cbu|aki }ds|rub|na| ajjdws qrkc` |uaisk|kdi |d gd|kdis ibblbl hdu cdgea| d}bua|kdis*

srcn as gaibrxbu* oriibu{* wkjj kicubasb bhhkckbic{) \na| ks |nb }ru}dsbdh ubal{ }ds|rub)

A wba}di sndrjl eb nbjl ki a gaiibu |na| ks qrkc`bs| |d eb eudron| ki|d

akgkio }dsk|kdi wk|ndr| b~cbsskxbj{ des|urc|kio hkbjl dh xkbw hdudesbuxkio |nuba| du cdjjbc|kio d|nbu kihduga|kdi) K| sndrjl ajsd ajjdw

d}bua|du |d cdi|udj jbxbj dh ha|korb* sd |na| a wba}di ki rsb cai eb nbjlki }dsk|kdi hdu |nb lrua|kdi dh |nb d}bua|kdi) _ba}di ubal{ }ds|rub ajsd

akgs |d cdi|udj wba}di ub|bi|kdi ail ajsd alnbub |d easkc urjbs dh orisahb|{)

]ds|rub* wnb|nbu kh |nb d}bua|du cnddsbs |d s|ail* cudrcn* du sk|* sndrjl

acnkbxb d}|kgrg eajaicb eb|wbbi s|aekjk|{* gdekjk|{* r|kjkva|kdi dhsnkbjlkio* accdulkio |d wnkcn bjbgbi| nas }ukduk|{ a| |nb |kgb) Ebcarsb

dh |nb ia|rub dh cdgea|* hducb ga{ eb b~bu|bl di ai d}bua|du/s edl{* ailaeur}| gdxbgbi| ga{ eb ibblbl) \nb }ds|rub sndrjl eb galb s|aejb bidron

sd |na| ai d}bua|du cai ubsks| a hducb b~bu|bl di ail gaki|aki |nb}ds|rub* du }udxklb a }ja|hdug |d ga`b ibcbssau{ gdxbgbi|s* srcn as |d

cdri|bu a hducb b~bu|bl aoakis| |nb d}bua|du) Ki a s|ailkio }ds|rub* |nbhbb| sndrjl eb }jacbl wk|n cbu|aki lks|aicb* ed|n hudi| |d eac` ail ukon|

|d jbh|* hdu ja|buaj s|aekjk|{) Hbb| }jacbgbi| wksb* |nb d}bua|du wkjjnaxb jbas| ubsks|aicb |d hducb b~bu|bl }bu}bilkcrjau |d |nb jkib luawi

eb|wbbi cbi|bus dh |nb hbb|)

Jdw ubal{ }ds|rub6

\nks ks a easkc b~ag}jb dh }ds|rub hdu ubalkibss) \nks du sdgb xauka|kdi

dh k| ks |nb gds| r|kjkvbl ubal{ }ds|rub) Gb|ndls ail }ukick}jbs kixdjxblks skg}jb) Ki a s|ailkio }dsk|kdi* |nb }ds|rub ks hdugbl e{ }dsk|kdikio

dib/s edl{ skgkjau |d hkukio }ds|rub wk|n |nb hudi| bil dh |nb ori |na|ks nbjl ail augs ndjlkio |nb ori jdwbubl bidron hdu ai d}bua|du |d sbb

wnbub |nb d}bua|du ki|bils |d desbuxb wk|ndr| |nb hkbjl dh xkbwskoikhkcai|j{ des|urc|bl e{ |nb wba}di du |nb d}bua|du/s aug) \nks ldbs

id| gbai |nb wba}di ks }dki|kio ldwiwaul) K| frs| gbais |nb hudi| bil dh|nb wba}di ks }dki|bl ki a lkubc|kdi |na| wdrjl eb jdwbu |nai |nb cbi|bu

dh d}bua|du/s hkbjl dh xkbw wnbi |nb d}bua|du ks s|ailkio r}ukon|)

\uaisk|kdi hudg ubal{ }ds|rub |d sndd|kio }ds|rub ks a skg}jb ga||bu dhuakskio |nb jdwbubl }au| dh |nb ori ail aug |d jkib r} |nb skon|

ubhbubicb }dki| |d d}bua|du/s jkib dh skon| |d |nb |auob|)



D}bua|kdi Ubal{ ]ds|rub6

Lbscuk}|kdi dh Jdw Ubal{ ]ds|rub ks okxbi baujkbu as a easkc b~ag}jb dh aubal{ }ds|rub) Ndwbxbu* ki ac|raj d}bua|kdi* sdgb xauka|kdi dh k| du

sdgb|nkio lkhhbubi| ks jk`bj{ |d eb rsbl) As a ubal{ }ds|rub hdu hkukio aori* |nb Jdw Ubal{ ]ds|rub ks dh|bi |nb gds| has|bs| gb|ndl ki ob||kio

|nb ori ki rsb hudg ubal{ }dsk|kdi |d hkukio }dsk|kdi) Er|* |nbub aubgdub |nkios d|nbu |nai s}bbl dh ob||kio |nb ori ki hkukio }dsk|kdi ki

ac|raj d}bua|kdis |na| wdrjl dh|bi ubqrkub d}bua|dus |d rsb a }ds|rub|na| ks gdlkhkbl du lkhhbubi|)

Dib }udejbg wk|n jdw ubal{ }ds|rub ks |na| |nb }ds|rub ks cjdsbs| |d

hkukio }dsk|kdi wnkcn cai carsb has| ha|korb* bs}bckajj{ wk|n augsb~|bilbl |dwaul |nb hudi|) A ubal{ }ds|rub nas id gbaikio kh k| caiid| eb

gaki|akibl hdu ubalkibss hdu |nb lrua|kdi dh ai d}bua|kdi* ail k| uaksbsuks` kh k| carsb |dd nkon dh a ha|korb |d |nb d}bua|du rskio k|) Aid|nbu

}udejbg ks |nb }ds|rub wk|n wba}di cjdsb |d hkukio }dsk|kdi dh|bi ajjdwswba}di |d eb }dsk|kdibl ki a gaiibu |na| ks baskbu hdu a ibau e{ d}}dibi|

|d ouae du }rsn) Ajsd* }ds|rub wk|n augs du wba}di b~|bilkio hau cai eb a}udejbg wk|n odkio |nudron iauudw aubas)

_nbi a }ks|dj ks ki rsb* a }ds|rub |na| ks gdlkhkbl hudg Jdw Ubal{

]ds|rub e{ }jackio |nb }ks|dj cjdsbu |d |nb |dusd cai eb rsbl) \nks ksacnkbxbl e{ ebilkio augs a| |nb bjedw a}}ud~kga|bj{ ;= lboubbs wk|n |nb

hdubaug ajgds| ndukvdi|aj ail ori grvvjb }dki|bl ndukvdi|aj du ldwiwaul)\nks ga`bs }ud|urskdi jbio|n dh |nb aug sndu|bu* ail ubqrkubs jbss }dwbu

|d gaki|aki) \nb sndu|bibl }ud|urskdi jbio|n ajsd okxbs d}bua|dus gdub

jbxbuaob |d cdri|bu ai{ hducb a}}jkbl e{ ai d}}dibi| wnd was aejb |d ouaedu }rsn |nb ori)

Kh ai d}bua|du |a`bs a srcn }ds|rub wk|n |nb |dusd hackio sdgb lboubb |d|nb sklb sd |na| |nb sndrjlbu dh |nb aug ndjlkio |nb }ks|dj ks gdub |d

|nb ubau |nai |nb d|nbu sklb* |nb }ks|dj wdrjl }ud|urlb bxbi jbss |d |nbhudi| ki ubja|kdi |d |nb edl{) \nks nas sdgb ebibhk|s) Kh ai d}bua|du ks

|u{kio |d gaik}rja|b ai defbc| wk|n |nb nail id| ndjlkio |nb }ks|dj* k|ajjdws |nb d}bua|du |d cuba|b gdub lks|aicb hudg |nb defbc| |d |nb

}ks|dj) Kh ai d}bua|du ks |u{kio |d d}bi a lddu* du cdi|udj a }uksdibu*|na| ajjdws d}bua|du |d `bb} |nb ori as hau as }dsskejb hudg wna|bxbu

|na| ga{ cdgb dr| dh |nb ldduwa{ du |nb }uksdibu) Ajsd* |nb |dusd}jacbgbi| ga`bs k| naulbu hdu ai d}}dibi| |d }rsn |nb grvvjb lkubc|kdi |d

|nb sklb ebcarsb dib sklb ks ejdc`bl e{ |nb d}bua|du/s |dusd ail }rsnkiok| hudg |nb d|nbu sklb wdrjl frs| ubsrj| ki |nb }ks|dj/s sklb }ubssbl

aoakis| |nb d}bua|du/s edl{ wnkjb grvvjb ks s|kjj }dki|bl a| |nb sagblkubc|kdi) \nb grvvjb cai eb `b}| ki ldwiwaul lkubc|kdi* er| cai eb

eudron| r} e{ ga`kio |nb hdubaug ail wuks| s|uakon| ail ga`kio |na|ndukvdi|aj |d sndd| a cjdsb uaiob |auob| di |nb sagb bjbxa|kdi) \nb

s|uakon| hdubaug ail wuks| cai eb eb||bu hdu cdi|udj wnbi |nb wba}di nas|d eb hkubl wk|n dib nail)



\nbub aub ajsd sk|ra|kdis wnbub d}bua|dus wai| |d axdkl }dki|kio |nbgrvvjb a| sdgb|nkio xbu{ cjdsb |d |nbg ki hudi|) D}bua|kdi ubal{ }ds|rub

gdlkhkbl |d naxb a }ks|dj ki rsb cjdsb |d dib/s cnbs| wk|n grvvjb}dki|kio ldwiwaul cai eb rsbl ki |na| `kil dh sk|ra|kdis) \na| ajjdws ai

d}bua|du |d `bb} a }ds|rub |na| ks ubja|kxbj{ cjdsb |d ubal{ }ds|rubswk|n }ks|dj nbjl cjdsb |d |nb |dusd wk|n nkonbu ub|bi|kdi jbxbuaob ail

jdw }ud|urskdi* wnkcn ks ebibhkckaj kh |na|/s wna| |nb }au|kcrjaud}bua|du }ubhbus) \nb }ds|rub ks `idwi as %Srj)%



Ki casbs wnbub a ukhjb ks rsbl* k| ks id| oddl hdu ubalkibss hdu ai

d}bua|du |d euba` |nb s|dc` cdi|ac| di |nb sndrjlbu) Kh a ubal{ }ds|rubwk|n ukhjb s|dc` cdi|ac| wk|n |nb sndrjlbu ks hbaskejb* ai d}bua|du nas a

cndkcb dh ndw grcn a ubal{ }ds|rub wdrjl eb `b}| cjdsb |d a sndd|kio

}ja|hdug) Cjdsbu k| ks* |nb |kgb k| wdrjl |a`b |d hdug a sndd|kio}ja|hdug r}di kik|ka|kdi dh a oriibu{ }udcbss ks jk`bj{ |d lbcubasb)Ndwbxbu* |na| ajsd cdgbs a| a uks` dh |nb ori ail augs ejdc`kio hkbjl dh

xkbw ail kicubasbl ha|korb |d gaki|aki |nb }ds|rub)

Kh ai d}bua|du ks rskio a ibau cdg}jb|b sndd|kio }ja|hdug as a ubal{}ds|rub* |nbi k| ajsd cai kicubasb |nb |kgb k| |a`bs hdu ai d}bua|du |d

scai ai auba hdu desbuxa|kdi ebcarsb k| |a`bs gdub hducb ail |kgb |dud|a|b a wndjb sndd|kio }ja|hdug |nai |d |rui b{bs du nbal) Ndwbxbu* |nks

uks` ga{ eb ublrcbl e{ rsb dh jkon|bu ail sndu|bu ukhjb) _k|n a ukhjb

|na| ks jdio* |nks gb|ndl ga{ carsb }udejbgs gaibrxbukio |nudron iauudwaubas du kilddu aubas ebcarsb dh kicubasbl ndukvdi|aj jbio|n dh |nb}ds|rub)

Kh a jdw ubal{ }ds|rub kixdjxb |dd grcn ldwiwaul aiojb* |nb |kgb k| |a`bs

hdu ai d}bua|du |d hdug a sndd|kio }ja|hdug ks jk`bj{ |d kicubasb* er| k|wdrjl okxb ga~kgrg rides|urc|bl hkbjl dh xkbw) Ndwbxbu* dicb |nb ori

gdxbs ki|d }buk}nbuaj xkskdi auba* gdub ldwiwaul aiojb dh dh |nb ori |dkicubasb rides|urc|bl hkbjl dh xkbw ks dh jdw ebibhk| cdg}aubl |d uks`

kixdjxbl wk|n kicubasbl |kgb |d hdug a sndd|kio }ja|hdug) Aj|ndrond}bua|dus sndrjl r|kjkvb }buk}nbuaj xkskdi* k| sndrjl id| eb ubjkbl di as

}ukgau{ gbais dh desbuxa|kdi)

Sdgb d}bua|dus ga{ |a`b a gblkai a}}udacn ail dij{ jdwbu |nb hudi| dh |nb



ukhjb a sgajj lboubb* sd |na| |nb ori ks id| ki |nb cbi|bu dh hkbjl dhxkbw* er| id| |d a lboubb |na| k| ks gdxbl dhh ki|d }buk}nbuaj xkskdi

auba)

Er|* kh d}bua|du ibbls ga~kgrg ub|bi|kdi s|ubio|n du naxb |d gaibrxbu|nudron iauudw auba du riaejb |d gaki|aki Jdw Ubal{ ]ds|rub du sdgb

gdlkhkca|kdi dh k|* k| sdgb d|nbu }ds|rubs cai nbj})

]ds|rubs wk|n |nb ukhjb eudron| cjdsb |d |nb |dusd wk|n |nb s|dc` eb|wbbi|nb |ukoobu nail sklb r}}bu aug ail |dusd cai ublrcb }ud|urskdi jbio|n

ail ha|korb) Ail* k| okxbs gdub ub|bi|kdi }dwbu) _nbi |nb ukhjb ibbls |deb hducbl |d ud|a|b* }dsskej{ aoakis| a hducb dh ai d}}dibi| assbu|kio

hducb di |nb ukhjb* ai d}bua|du cai r|kjkvb |nb wndjb r}}bu edl{ ail

waks| }dwbu gdub bhhbc|kxbj{ |d cdi|udj |nb lkubc|kdi dh |nb ukhjb) Ajsd*|nb sr}}du| nail ebkio gdxbl cjdsbu |d |nb hudi| bil cai eb rsbl gdubbhhbc|kxbj{ |d hducb |nb grvvjb |d }dki| di }au| dh ai d}}dibi|/s edl{



aoakis| ubsks|aicb kh ibbl eb)

\nb ukhjb cai eb }dki|bl jdw du nkon hdu xaukdrs ubasdis* srcn |d axdkl}dki|kio |nb grvvjb a| sdgb|nkio di |nb sagb ndukvdi|aj jbxbj) _k|n |nb

grvvjb }dki|kio ldwiwaul hudg ai d}bua|du/s }dki| dh xkbw* kh cai ebr|kjkvbl ki a gaiibu skgkjau |d jdw ubal{ }ds|rub) _k|n |nb grvvjb

}dki|kio r}waul* kh cai eb rsbl ki a gaiibu skgkjau |d uborjau nkon ubal{}dsk|kdi cdggdij{ rsbl) Aid|nbu sk|ra|kdi wnbi a ukhjb grvvjb wdrjl ibbl

|d eb }dki|bl ldwiwaul du r}waul ks wnbi |nb s}acb ks |d iauudw |na| bxbi|nb }ds|rub wk|n jdwbu }ud|urskdi jbio|n dh a ukhjb ks id| bidron rijbss

|nb ndukvdi|aj jbio|n |nb ukhjb dccr}{ ks sndu|bibl e{ }dki|kio k| r} duldwi)

Ai d}bua|du ga{ naxb |d lbcklb wnb|nbu |d }dki|bl |nb grvvjb r}wauls du

ldwiwauls ki a ubal{ }ds|rub) Ki uboauls |d cdri|bukio ai d}}dibi|

ob||kio a ouas} di |nb ukhjb* aeur}|j{ }rjjkio |nb ukhjb awa{ cai eb rsbl|d bk|nbu ubjbasb |nb ukhjb hudg |nb d}}dibi|/s ouas} du }dki| |nb grvvjb|dwaul |nb d}}dibi|) K| ga{ eb baskbu hdu |nb sr}}du| aug |d }rjj |nb



ukhjb |dwaul |nb |dusd ubsrj|kio ki |nb grvvjb cdgkio ldwi wnbi |nbgrvvjb ks kik|kajj{ }dki|bl r}wauls |nai }rjjkio a ldwiwaul }dki|kio

grvvjb r}wauls wnkjb b~bcr|kio |nb |bcnikqrb)

Bgbuobic{$nas|{ swk|cnkio dh ukhjb s|dc` cdi|ac| sklb6

\nbub aub sk|ra|kdis wnbub swk|cn dh sklb dh sndrjlbu a ukhjb s|dc`

cdi|ac|s ibbl |d eb swk|cnbl* er| |nbub ks id |kgb hdu a cdg}jb|b }ds|rubalfrs|gbi|) \nb s}bbl ki swk|cn ga{ eb ubqrkubl ebcarsb |nbub ks ai

bgbuobic{ du |nb swk|cn ks dij{ |bg}duau{ ail ibbl xbu{ has| |uaisk|kdi

|d ail hudg |nb |bg}duau{ swk|cnbl }dsk|kdi* srcn as wnbi |bg}duaukj{swk|cn ki sklb ks dij{ ibblbl lrukio a gdgbi|au{ b~}dsrub |bcnikqrb kicasbs wnbub gdgbi|au{ b~}dsrub }bukdl wauuai|s a rsb dh lkhhbubi| sklb dh



sndrjlbu)

Ki srcn casbs* a ukhjb cai eb swk|cnbl ki }dsk|kdi |d cdi|ac| aid|nbusklb dh |nb sndrjlbu e{ skg}j{ snkh|kio k|s }dsk|kdi |d |nb d|nbu sklb

wnkjb gaki|akikio nail }dsk|kdi) \nbub/s dij{ a sklb gdxbgbi| dh |nbukhjb wk|n id swk|cn dh |ukoobu nail ail sr}}du| nail)

Gaki|akikio ubal{ }ds|rub lrukio gaibrxbus6

Gdxbgbi| lrukio d}bua|kdis ki ubal{ }ds|rub ga{ ubqrkub kicdu}dua|kdi dhsdgb |bcnikqrbs) \nb odaj ks |d gaki|aki |nb bhhbc|kxb ubal{ }ds|rub

wnkjb di |nb gdxb) Hudi| du eac` lkubc|kdi gdxbgbi| ks id| grcn lkhhbubi|hudg uborjau waj`kio) Ndwbxbu* |nb s|aekjkva|kdi |bcnikqrb rsbl |d

s|aekjkvb r}}bu edl{ sndd|kio }ja|hdug wnkjb waj`kio.&&&&& gdub lb|akjs



ki Xdjrgb 1 Cdgea| Oriibu{ sbc|kdi+ wdrjl eb kicdu}dua|bl |d sdgb lboubb)Ndwbxbu* ki |nks casb* k| wdrjl eb ldib ki dulbu |d gaki|aki eajaicb)

_k|n |nb jbo |na| ks gdxkio hduwaul* ai d}bua|du wdrjl ga`b cdi|ac| wk|n|nb oudril wk|n |nb nbbj hkus| hdjjdwbl e{ |nb eajj dh |nb hdd| |nbi |nb

|dbs) \nks ks id| grcn lkhhbubi| hudg uborjau waj`kio* ndwbxbu |nblkhhbubicb ks |na| |nb cdi|ac| wk|n |nb oudril wdrjl eb galb ki a

cdi|udjjbl gaiibu ail |nb nbbj* eajj dh hdd|* |db cdi|ac| wdrjl ebcdi|udjjbl sd |na| k| dccru ki a sgdd|n srccbsskdi) \nks ajsd sbuxbs a

}ru}dsb dh idksb cdi|udj wnkjb waj`kio* ail ajjdw |nb d}bua|du |d hbbj|nb oudril hdu defbc| |na| gkon| kilrcb |uk}}kio du ribxbi sruhacb

cdilk|kdis |na| ga{ carsb kifru{ wnbi d}bua|du s|b}s di k| wk|ndr| |a`kiocar|kdi)

Ai d}bua|du ibbls |nb aekjk|{ |d gdxb eac` ail hdu|n* jbh| ail ukon|

wnkjb |nb ubal{ }ds|rub ks `b}| dukbi|bl |dwaul a cbu|aki }dki| srcn as a]DBV ai d}bua|du ks cdicbuibl aedr|* b|c) Ki |na| cdilk|kdi |nb d}bua|du

wdrjl id| eb |ruikio |nb wndjb edl{ |dwaul |nb lkubc|kdi |nb d}bua|du ksgdxkio) Hudi| |d eac` gdxbgbi| ks ldib as lbscukebl aedxb) Ndwbxbu* ukon|

du jbh| gdxbgbi| wdrjl eb ldib e{ sklb s|b}}kio) Ajsd* |nb sklb s|b}}kioga{ ibbl |d eb cdgekibl wk|n hduwaul ail eac`waul gdxbgbi|* sd |na|

d}bua|dus cai gdxb ki a lkaodiaj lkubc|kdi ki ubja|kdi |d |nb lkubc|kdi|nb d}bua|du kixdjxbl ks hackio) Ki srcn casb a hdd| ebkio gdxbl |d dib

sklb wdrjl ajsd eb gdxbl hduwaul du eac`waul a| |nb sagb |kgb)

D}bua|dus ibbl |d eb car|kdis aedr| gaki|akikio eajaicb wnkjb jdxkioja|buajj{ a| a has| }nasb) Ki dulbu |d gaki|aki eajaicb wnkjb gdxkio has|

ja|buajj{ di a hja| sruhacb* gdxkio |nb jbo di |nb sklb |nb cjdsbu |d

wnbub d}bua|du ki|bil |d gdxb hkus|* |dwaul |nb ki|bilbl lkubc|kdi* |nbigdxkio |nb d|nbu jbo wdrjl eb eb||bu) Kh ed|n hbbl aub aedr| sndrjlbuwkl|n a}au| kik|kajj{* |nb hbbl }jacbgbi| ob|s wklbu as |nb d}bua|du

s|b}s dr| wk|n |nb sklb dh |nb jbo cjdsb |d |nb lbs|kia|kdi ail |nb hbb|}jacbgbi| wdrjl iauudw ldwi |d |nb dukokiaj sndrjlbu wkl|n as |nb d|nbu

hdd| ks gdxbl |d hdug |nb dukokiaj }ds|rub* aj|ndron k| gkon| ob|iauudwbu a| |kgbs) \nb hbb| }jacbgbi| ldbs id| ob| iauudwbu as |nb

d}bua|du gdxbs) \nks ndwbxbu wdrjl ubsrj| ki |nb d}bua|du/s wbkon| ebkiosnkh|bl jbh| ail ukon| as |nb d}bua|du ga`bs bacn s|b})

Gdxkio |nb jbalkio hdd| sd |na| k| wkjj eukio |nb d}bua|du/s edl{/s

cbi|bu dh gass ajgds| lkubc|j{ dxbu k| as |nb d|nbu hdd| ks gdxbl |dwaul|nb ki|bilbl lkubc|kdi ail ldkio |nb sagb ki srccbsskdi wdrjl carsb jbss

ja|buaj snkh| ki d}bua|du/s wbkon|) Ndwbxbu* |na| wdrjl carsb |nb hbb|}jacbgbi| lks|aicb |d eb iauudw) Ail k| eukios |nb hbb| ajgds| lkubc|j{

rilbu |nb d}bua|du/s edl{ as |nb cbi|bu dh gass dh d}bua|du/s edl{ gdxbsdxbu |nb hbb|) \nb jbos ga{ eb ja|buajj{ cudssbl a| |na| }dki|* carskio

allk|kdiaj xrjibuaekjk|{) \na| nas jdw ubsks|aicb |d jdskio eajaicb)Aj|ndron |na| |{}b dh jbo gdxbgbi| cai eb albqra|b sdgb |kgbs* |nb uks`

dh jdskio eajaicb du |uk}}kio ks skoikhkcai|j{ nkonbu wnbi has| ja|buajgdxbgbi| ks ubqrkubl)



3)5) ]ub'Cdi|ac| Gaiaobgbi|)

_k|n skgkjau hducb jbxbj ail ca}aekjk|kbs* wna| lb|bugkibs |nb dr|cdgb dha cdi|ac| ks ki wna| gaiibu |nb cdi|ac| dccruubl ail ndw }ud}bu |nb

ubs}disb was) ]ud}bu ubs}disb cai eb cdilrc|bl dij{ kh }ud}bu kihduga|kdiks nal ki a |kgbj{ gaiibu) \nks gbais |na| id| dij{ d}bua|dus naxb |d

lb|bc| d}}dibi|s* |nb{ naxb |d lb|bc| d}}dibi|s hkus|)

Bxbu{ lb|bc|kdi lbxkcb hudg nrgai b{bs |d sd}nks|kca|bl lb|bc|kdibqrk}gbi|s nas k|s jkgk|a|kdis) Ajsd* |nb sk|ra|kdis ail urjbs d}bua|dus

naxb |d wdu` wk|n }r| hru|nbu jkgk|a|kdis desbuxa|kdi bhhkckbic{) \nksd}}dibi| lb|bc|kdi bhhdu| ajdib ga{ id| eb bidron) \nbub grs| ajsd eb ai

bhhdu| |d gkikgkvb ail lbja{ lb|bc|kdi e{ d}}dibi|s* ail |nks bhhdu| grs|eb bqrajj{ bg}naskvbl)

]jackio dibsbjh wnbub |nb{ aub cjbauj{ xkskejb ail klbi|khkaejb |d

d}}dibi|s wnd cai ejbil ki wk|n bixkudigbi| ail naul |d lks|kiorksn hudgsruudrilkio bi|k|kbs* ail frs| ubj{kio di %`bb}kio a `bbi b{b% |d ubac|

|d ai a||ac` sndrjl id| eb ai a}}udacn |na| sndrjl eb xdjri|aukj{ |a`bi)Ki |dd gai{ casbs* d}}dibi|s wkjj id| eb lb|bc|bl du id| eb klbi|khkaejb

bxbi kh |nb{ aub lb|bc|bl |d hducbs |na| d}bij{ lks}ja{ |nbku }ubsbisbail klbi|k|{ ri|kj |nb d}}dibi|s cnddsb |d b~}dsb |nbgsbjxbs) \na| wkjj

gds| jk`bj{ hackjk|a|b d}}dibi|s/ agersn)

\nks ks |nb ubasdi wn{ R)S) hducbs ki D}bua|kdi Kuaqk Hubbldg ailD}bua|kdi Bilrukio Hubbldg aub |a`kio nbax{ casraj|kbs cdislbukio |nb

hac| |na| |nb{ aub hkon|kio aoakis| ubja|kxbj{ }dduj{ |uakibl ail

bqrk}}bl d}}dibi|s)

\nbub sndrjl id| eb ai{ b~}bc|a|kdi |na| d}}dibi|s ki auba wkjj eb

ubjkaej{ lb|bc|bl) _nbi d}}dibi|s ki d}bua|dus/ auba aub id| lb|bc|bl*wna| }ud|bc|s |nb d}bua|du wkjj eb id| ebkio lb|bc|bl |nbgsbjxbs) Bhhdu|

grs| eb |a`bi |d ga`b dibsbjh as naul hdu d}}dibi|s |d lks|kiorksn hudgd|nbu bi|k|kbs ki |nb auba as }dsskejb) Udr|b }jaiikio sndrjl ajsd eb

ldib wk|n jdw desbuxaekjk|{ ki gkil) Ac|kdis sndrjl eb jbss }ublkc|aejbas }dsskejb)



3)3) Cdi|ac| Gaiaobgbi|)

3)3)1) Kilkubc| du ricbu|aki cdi|ac|

Sk|ra|kdi wnbub d}bua|dus aub lb|bc|bl e{ gbais d|nbu |nai lkubc|desbuxa|kdi* srcn as ubgd|b sbisdu* wnbub d}bua|dus aub id| rilbu lkubc|

|nuba| wdrjl hajj ki srcn ca|bodu{) \nbub aub ajsd sk|ra|kdis wnbub aid}bua|du bgk|s skoia|rub srcn as idksb du jkon| ail k| ks ricbu|aki kh

ai{ d}}dibi| ks ajbu|bl |d |nb d}bua|dus/ }ubsbicb e{ k|* ail |nbd}bua|du ga{ eb rilbu lkubc| |nuba| e{ d}}dibi|s wnd }dsskej{ lb|bc|bl

|nbg)

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Iboa|bl cdicbajgbi|6

R|kjkva|kdi dh defbc|s |na| ldbs id| }udxklb }ud|bc|kdi hudg ori hkub ga{

naxb |d eb rsbl |d cdicbaj dibsbjh hudg d}}dibi|s) Er|* wnbi |nbd}bua|du‛s jdca|kdi ks ubxbajbl |d d}}dibi|s* |nb defbc| ga{ dij{ sbuxb

as ai des|acjb) \nbub ibbls |d eb a }jai dh ac|kdi hdu sk|ra|kdi wnbi aid}bua|du/s }dsk|kdi ks ubxbajbl* du }dsskej{ ubxbajbl* wnkjb rskio srcn

defbc|s hdu cdicbajgbi|) _nbi ai d}bua|du/s }dsk|kdi ks lkscdxbubl wnkjbebkio cdicbajbl hudg lkubc| desbuxa|kdi* er| kh d}bua|dus aub ki ai auba

|na| cai ubcbkxb d}}dibi|s/ ori hkub* |nb d}bua|du sndrjl gdxb awa{ hudg

jas| lkscdxbubl }dsk|kdi) \nb lks|aicb nas |d eb bidron |d eb naul hdud}}dibi|s |d bs|kga|b |nb d}bua|du/s ibw jdca|kdi)



'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''



3)3)5) Lkubc| Cdi|ac|)

Cdi|ac| nailjkio lbckskdi hjdw gdlbj6

\nb hdjjdwkio ks dib dh gai{ b~ag}jbs dh lbckskdi hjdw gdlbjs}udxklbl hdu ubhbubicb)

.1+ Cdi|ac| ks a |nuba|4 Kh {bs* }udcbbl |d .5+)

.5+ Ks kggblka|b a||ac` e{ lbalj{ hducb ibcbssau{4 Kh {bs* od |d

.<+) Kh id|* }udcbbl |d .3+)

.3+ B~agkib d}}dskio hducb ki cdi|ac|) _kjj cdggbickio a||ac`binaicb sbcruk|{4 Kh {bs* }udcbbl |d .<+) Kh id* desbuxb ail$du

bxalb)

.<+ Kik|ka|b oriibu{ }udcbss wnbi sndd|kio frs|khkbl)

3)3)5)1) \nuba| assbssgbi|)

Kh a cdi|ac| ks galb wk|n a }d|bi|kaj |nuba| |nbub aub gai{ }dsskekjk|kbswna| k| cai eb) K| cai eb a 3 ul }au|{ idi'|nuba|* riìdwi idi'|nuba|*

riìdwi |nuba|* d}}dibi|s* b|c) D}bua|dus sndrjl `bb} ki gkil |nb

}dsskekjk|{ dh cdgkio ki cdi|ac| wk|n d}}dskio hducb riubja|bl |dd}}dsk|kdi |nb{ wbub awaub dh) D}bua|du sndrjl ajsd eb awaub |na| k| ga{ebcdgb ibcbssau{ |d a||ac` }au|kbs |na| ebjdio |d riìdwi du 3ul }au|{

lb}bilkio di |nbku ac|kdis) Lks}ja{ dh hajsb klbi|k|{ e{ ai{ }au|{ ksajsd a }dsskekjk|{)

\nuba| assbssgbi| grs| eb galb wk|n ai{ }au|{ |na| ai d}bua|du cdgbs ki|d

cdi|ac|) ]jai hdu cdi|ac| wk|n d}}dibi|s ks id| bidron) \nbub grs| eb a}jai hdu cdi|ac| wk|n 3ul }au|{ idi'|nuba|* ail }au|{ wndsb klbi|k|{ ks

riìdwi) \nks ks dib dh gai{ ubasdis wn{ %ursn ursn% |ac|kcs kslaiobudrs* ebcarsb k| sbxbubj{ jkgk|s |kgb ail d}}du|rik|{ |d klbi|kh{

cdi|ac|s ail |nki` dh d}|kdis) \nbub grs| ajsd eb a }jai uboaulkio ai{}au|{* nds|kjb du id|* d}bua|dus lbcklbl id| |d a||ac`)

Nailjkio cdi|ac|s ki uboauls |d riìdwi }au|{ ks lkhhkcrj|) _k|n id d|nbu

kilkca|dus* |nb ubcdoik|kdi ga{ eb }dsskejb wnbi a nds|kjb ac|kdikik|ka|bl e{ |nb cdi|ac| ks desbuxbl) Rilbu |nb assrg}|kdi |na| kh a

cbu|aki nds|kjb ac|kdi |a`bi e{ |nb cdi|ac| k|sbjh frs|khkbs rsb dhlbalj{ hducb* k| cai irjjkh{ |nb ibbl hdu hru|nbu bhhdu| hdu

klbi|khkca|kdi) D|nbuwksb* ai b~|ua }udcbss ga{ eb ibblbl |d ubcdoikvb|nb d}}dibi|‛s ac|kdi)

Ki ai{ casb* |nuba| jbxbj dh d}}dibi|s/ ac|kdi nas |d eb b~agkibl |d

lb|bugkib }ud}bu jbxbj dh hducb |nb d}bua|du cai rsb wk|nki jboaj jkgk|)



\na| |a`bs |kgb* ail |nb d}bua|du sndrjl gkikgkvb b~}dsrub |d |nb}d|bi|kaj d}}dibi|‛s a||ac` wnkjb ldkio sd) \nb d}bua|du sndrjl b~bcr|b

bxaskxb ac|kdis* srcn as gdxkio ebnkil }ud|bc|kxb defbc|* kggblka|bj{r}di ubcdoikvkio ai d}}dibi| du }d|bi|kaj d}}dibi|* kh |nb gaibrxbu

k|sbjh ldbs id| kicubasb laiobu jbxbj) \nks ga{ ajsd d}bi ai d}|kdi hdu|nb d}bua|du |d ub|uba| hudg |nb auba* kh |nb d}bua|du cnddsbs id| |d

}rusrb hru|nbu cdi|ac| wk|n ai ri`idwi }au|{ wnbi a||ac`kio |nbg ks id|ai d}|kdi) Ed|n }udcbssbs sndrjl eb b~bcr|bl a| |nb sagb |kgb)

Kh a lb|bugkia|kdi dh wnb|nbu kh |nb }busdi ks ai d}}dibi| du id| caiid|

eb galb* bsca}b hudg |nb }dsk|kdi ga{ eb |nb ebs| cdrusb dh ac|kdi) Kh k|ks lb|bugkibl |na| a }busdi wnd cagb ki cdi|ac| ks ai d}}dibi|* ai

d}bua|du cai |a`b ac|kdi |d kica}ack|a|b |nb d}}dibi| accdulkio |d lboubbdh |nuba|* rijbss |d rsb dh hducb ks id| a}}ud}uka|b ki |nb sk|ra|kdi) Kh

lbalj{ hducb ks frs|khkbl* oriibu{ cai eb rsbl |d kica}ack|a|b |nbd}}dibi|)

3)3)5)5) Lbckskdi |d a||ac`)

Frs|khkca|kdi dh a||ac`6

Dicb a }au|{ |na| cagb ki cdi|ac| ks lb|bugkibl |d eb ai d}}dibi|* ai

d}bua|du ibbls |d lbcklb wnb|nbu |d a||ac` du id|) \nb d}bua|du ibbls |dcjbauj{ ga`b r} dib‛s gkil aedr| wna| frs|khkbs ai a||ac` ail |{}b dhhducb rsbl) \nbub grs| eb a hdub|ndron| aedr| wna| wkjj eb cdisklbubl ai

accb}|aejb kilkca|kdi |na| frs|khkbs rsb dh lbalj{ hducb) _k|ndr| |na|hdub|ndron| k| wkjj kicubasb |nb jk`bjkibss dh d}bua|du s}bilkio gdub

|kgb |d |nki` aedr| wnb|nbu |d rsb lbalj{ hducb du id| ail lbja{kio |nbd}bua|dus ibcbssau{ ubs}disb)

\nbub sndrjl eb a cjbau orklbjkib wnkcn ai d}bua|du cai lbxka|b wk|nki

ubasdi uboaulkio wna| jbxbj dh hducb rsb* du lks}ja{ dh hducb du wba}di*ks accb}|aejb hdu wna| `kil dh }bucbkxbl |nuba| kilkca|kdi)

Ki gai{ sk|ra|kdis ‚kggkibi| |nuba| dh sbukdrs edlkj{ naug du lba|n‗ ks

rsbl as s|ailauls hdu frs|khkca|kdi dh sndd|kio) K| ks id| sdril |dlbhkib ‚|nuba| dh sbukdrs edlkj{ naug du lba|n‗ ki cdiibc|kdi |d s}bckhkc

|{}b dh wba}dis ai d}}dibi| ks rskio ebcarsb gai{ defbc|s |na| aub id|}ru}dsbj{ lbskoibl as a wba}di cai eb rsbl ki a lbalj{ gaiibu* du ki a

wa{ |na| ga{ carsb sbukdrs kifru{)

Ajsd* |nbub aub sk|ra|kdis wnbub d}}du|rik|{ |d s|d} ai d}}dibi|‛s ac|kdi|na| wkjj carsb sbudrs kifru{* lba|n* du d|nbu riaccb}|aejb lagaobs wkjj

eb jds| kh |nb d}}dibi| ks id| s|d}}bl kggblka|bj{* bxbi kh |nb kifru{*lba|n* du d|nbu riaccb}|aejb lagaobs ks id| kggkibi|)



Sd* ‚d}}dibi| bioaobl ki ac|kdi carskio nkon uks` dh sbukdrs edlkj{kifru{* lba|n* du d|nbu riaccb}|aejb lagaobs* ail nkon uks` dh jdskio

d}}du|rik|{ |d s|d} |nb d}}dibi| kh ac|kdi ks id| |a`bi kggblka|bj{‗wdrjl eb a gdub ubasdiaejb s|ailaul |nai ‚d}}dibi| }dskio kggkibi| |nuba|

dh sbukdrs edlkj{ naug du lba|n)‗

A hducb ibcbssau{ hdu kica}ack|a|kio ai d}}dibi|‛s |nuba| ga{ eb nkonbuki jbxbj du gaoik|rlb |nai |nb hducb |nb d}}dibi| ks rskio) \nbubhdub*

ai{ }djkc{ du jaw |na| ks ubasdiaejb wdrjl id|* ail sndrjl id|* gaila|bai{dib |d jkgk| |nb rsb dh hducb |d bqraj jbxbj |d |na| dh |nb d}}dibi|)

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Hbaskekjk|{ dh ai a||ac`6

Kh a |nuba| ks cdihkugbl er| rsb dh hducb ks id| a}}ud}uka|b* du

bs|kga|bl dr|cdgb dh gaki|akikio }dsk|kdi wk|n |nb d}}dibi| ki |nb aubaks id| haxduaejb |d euba`kio cdi|ac| wk|n |nb d}}dibi|* bsca}kio |nb auba

ga{ eb |nb ebs| cdrusb dh ac|kdi) Ndwbxbu* |nb d}bua|du cai s|kjj rsb ai{}ud}bu jbxbj dh hducb |d kica}ack|a|b du lbcubasb d}}dibi|/s a||ac`

bhhkckbic{ as ibblbl lrukio |nb bsca}b* ebcarsb bxaskxb gaibrxbu ail rsbdh hducb ks id| gr|rajj{ b~cjrskxb wk|n a hkubaug) A||bg}| |d bsca}b |nb

auba ga{ kicubasb uks` ki cbu|aki ckucrgs|aicbs* bs}bckajj{ wnbi |nba||bg}| b~}dsbs |nb d}bua|du |d ai d}}dibi|/s a||ac`* ail lbcubasb |nb

d}bua|du/s a||ac` d}}du|rik|{ ail bhhkckbic{) D}bua|du ga{ ajsd cnddsb |d

ubgaki ail desbuxb |nb riklbi|khkbl cdi|ac| du ai d}}dibi| kh |nbd}bua|du cndsb id| |d sndd| hdu sdgb ubasdi)

Cdi|ac| wk|n ai d}}dibi| ajdib ldbs id| gbai |nb d}bua|du ki cdi|ac|wdrjl eb hducbl |d |a`b ai{ ac|kdi) Rijbss ai d}bua|du ks ki a sk|ra|kdi

wnbub d}}dibi|s/ ajsd ebcagb awaub dh |nb cdi|ac| wk|n |nb d}bua|du du|nb d}}dibi|s/ aub ldkio sdgb|nkio |na| wauuai|s ai kggblka|b ac|kdi e{

|nb d}bua|du* |nb d}bua|du rsrajj{ wdrjl naxb gdub |kgb |d ga`b aiassbssgbi| dh |nb d}}dibi|s) Ah|bu srcn assbssgbi|* a||ac` sndrjl dij{ eb

galb wnbi |nb d}bua|du ks ki haxduaejb |ac|kcaj sk|ra|kdi du sk|ra|kdiwdrjl ob| wdusb kh id kggblka|b ac|kdi ks |a`bi) D}bua|du/s oriibu{

}udcbss sndrjl eb bhhbc|kxb ki |na| sk|ra|kdi* ail uks` }dsbl e{d}}dibi|s/ }dsskejb ubac|kdi |d d}bua|du/s a||ac` sndrjl eb wk|nki

accb}|aejb jbxbj)

D}bua|dus ibbl |d naxb ai klba dh |nbku sndd|kio aekjk|{ ki a okxbisk|ra|kdi) D}bua|du/s ga~kgrg bhhbc|kxb uaiob wk|n a cbu|aki ori s{s|bg

wdrjl eb wnbub ai kilkxklraj d}bua|du cai gaki|aki |nb skvb dh }udeaejbkg}ac| auba |d a lboubb |na| ai accb}|aejb }udeaekjk|{ }bu bacn snd| ks

b~}bc|bl)'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''



3)3)5)3) Di'odkio cdi|ac| assbssgbi|)

Assbssgbi| dh srccbsshrj ubs}disb }udeaekjk|{ ail cdrusb dh ac|kdialfrs|gbi|6

_nbi a oriibu{ }udcbss ks kik|ka|bl* k| ga{ jkgk| bxaskxb gaibrxbu* ail

k| wkjj lbcubasb |nb r|kjkva|kdi dh cdxbu) Sd* a frlogbi| nas |d eb galb|d lb|bugkib kh |nb ebibhk| dh kik|ka|kio |nb oriibu{ }udcbss dr| wbkons

|nb uks`) Srccbss gbais ai d}bua|du/s oriibu{ }udcbss kica}ack|a|bl aid}}dibi| wk|ndr| |nb d}bua|du ebkio naugbl)

Bxbi kh ai d}}dibi| nas bioaobl ki ai ac|kdi |d jdca|b ail naug ai

d}bua|du hkus|* kh |nb d}}dibi| ks id| awaub dh ai d}bua|du‛s a}}baukioail a||ac`kio* |nb d}bua|du nas a skoikhkcai|j{ nkon }udeaekjk|{ dh

srccbss) Kh |nb d}}dibi| ks awaub dh |nb d}bua|du‛s jdca|kdi* k| wkjj eba laiobudrs sk|ra|kdi hdu |nb d}bua|du wnbi ed|n }au|kbs kik|ka|b oriibu{

}udcbss r}di sbbkio bacn d|nbu) \nb hdjjdwkio }ukick}jbs a}}j{6

']au|{ |na| kik|ka|bs ac|kdi* ua|nbu |nai ubac|kio |d |nb d|nbu}au|{‛s ac|kdi* oakis }udeaekjk|{ dh srccbss* assrgkio sagb ac|kdi

ks |a`bi)

']au|{ |na| nas jbss irgebu du gd|kdis du sre |as`s ubqrkubl |dacnkbxb |nb sagb ubsrj| nas nkonbu }udeaekjk|{ dh srccbss)

']au|{ |na| nas gdub kihduga|kdi* du jbss |kgb ubqrkubl |d ob| |nbkihduga|kdi ubqrkubl hdu |nb |as` nas nkonbu }udeaekjk|{ dhsrccbss)

A}}j{kio |nbsb }ukick}jbs* ubs}disb bhhbc|kxbibss dh }au|kbs ubs}dilkio

|d bacn d|nbu wk|n ori hkub cai eb assbssbl)

Hdu |nb }ru}dsb dh cajcrja|kio nk| }udeaekjk|{* |auob| auba wkjj ubhbu |d|nb auba dh a |auob| wnbub a sndd|bu wai|s |nb }udfbc|kjb |d nk|* id| |nb

wndjb auba dh |nb defbc| a sndd|bu ki|bils |d nk|) Assrgkio sndd|bu s`kjjks cdis|ai|* nk| }udeaekjk|{ lb}bils di aiorjau wkl|n dh |auob| aubas*

aiorjau gdxbgbi| dh |nb |auob| aubas* ail lks|aicb |d |auob| aubas) Acdis|ai| skvb defbc| wkjj naxb jauobu aiorjau wkl|n a| cjdsb uaiob* ail

sgajjbu a| jdiobu uaiob) Eb|wbbi |wd lkhhbubi| defbc|s gdxkio ki sagblkubc|kdi a| sagb s}bbl* |nb dib |na| ks hru|nbu wkjj naxb sgajjbu

aiorjau gdxbgbi|)

Ki cdi|ac| sk|ra|kdi wnbub d}}dibi|s aub id| awaub dh |nb cdi|ac|* aid}bua|du ki cdi|ac| jk`bj{ nas a hubbldg dh cndkcb dh wnbi |d a||ac`) Ki

|na| casb* d}bua|du ga{ naxb ai d}}du|rik|{ |d ob| |d a }dsk|kdi dhalxai|aob) Er|* wnbi cdi|ac| ks galb ail ed|n |nb d}bua|du ail d}}dibi|s

ebcagb awaub dh k|* |nb d}bua|du wkjj eb hducbl |d |a`b ac|kdi wk|nkixbu{ sndu| |kgb huagb) _nbi auba du defbc|s |na| }udxklb }ud|bc|kdi ks

id| kggblka|bj{ axakjaejb* |nb d}bua|du wkjj jk`bj{ naxb |d ubs}dil e{



a||ac`kio |nb d}}dibi|s bxbi kh |nb d}bua|du/s oriibu{ a||ac` ks id|b~}bc|bl |d eb bhhbc|kxb as |na| dh |nb d}}dibi|s/)

Ndwbxbu* kh |nbub ks ai auba du defbc|s |na| }udxklb }ud|bc|kdi hudg

d}}dibi|/s a||ac`* ai d}bua|du nas a cndkcb ki wnb|nbu |d bxaskxbj{ gdxb|d wnbub d}bua|du wdrjl eb }ud|bc|bl* du |d a||ac`* du ed|n) Kh ai

d}bua|du ks ajubal{ r|kjkvkio ai defbc| |na| }udxklbs }ud|bc|kdi hudgd}}dibi|s/ }dsskejb ori hkub a| |nb gdgbi| dh cdi|ac|* |nb d}bua|du ibbls

|d ga`b ai assbssgbi| |d lbcklb wnb|nbu kh |nb d}bua|du wkjj b~}dsb }au|dh dibsbjh hudg |nb defbc| |d cdi|kirb |d desbuxb du a||ac` ai d}}dibi|

du gdxb ai{ b~}dsbl }au| dh |nb d}bua|du ebnkil |nb defbc| }udxklkio}ud|bc|kdi)

\nb cndkcb wkjj eb ahhbc|bl e{ assbssgbi| dh wnkcn }au|{ ks jk`bj{ |d

ga`b bhhbc|kxb ori hkub hkus|) \nb }udeaekjk|{ dh wnkcn }au|{ wdrjl ga`bbhhbc|kxb ori hkub hkus| lb}bils di hdjjdwkio hac|dus6

'Jbio|n dh |kgb eb|wbbi wnbi dib }au|{ ubcdoikvb |nb d|nbu }au|{

ail wnbi |nb d|nbu }au|{ ajsd ubcdoikvbs |nb cdi|ac|)

'Agdri| dh bacn }au|{/s b~}dsrub |d ori hkub hudg |nb d|nbu }au|{)Kh dib }au|{/s edl{ ks jbss b~}dsbl |d ori hkub cdg}aubl |d

d}}dibi|s* e{ rsb dh edl{ augdu* r|kjkva|kdi dh defbc|s |na|}udxklbs }ud|bc|kdi hudg ori hkub* du d|nbu gbais0 k| wkjj

obibuajj{ |a`b gdub |kgb hdu |nb d}}dibi|s |d ob| bhhbc|kxb nks di|nb }au|{)

'Agdri| dh gdxbgbi| bacn }au|{ ibbls |d ga`b ail wna| ks |nb agdri|dh |kgb k| |a`bs ki dulbu |d ob| ki akgkio }dsk|kdi6 Hdu b~ag}jb*|nb }au|{ |na| nas dib/s edl{ dukbi|bl |dwaul a |auob| wnbi |nb

|auob| ks lb|bc|bl wkjj ob| nk|s has|bu |nai }au|kbs wk|n |nbkuedlkbs hackio awa{ hudg |nb |auob| wnbi |nb |auob| ks lb|bc|bl)

]au|kbs |na| nas |nbku ori cjdsbu |d akgkio }dsk|kdi dh a lb|bc|bl|auob| wkjj jk`bj{ ob| nk|s has|bu |nai }au|kbs |na| ibbl gdub

gd|kdi |d ob| |nb ori ki akgkio }dsk|kdi)

'_ba}di nk| }d|bi|kaj dh bacn }au|{6 Bacn |{}b dh wba}di nas alkhhbubi| oriibu{ bhhkckbic{ lb}bilkio di |nb sk|ra|kdi) Hdu

b~ag}jb* a }au|{ wk|n a jdio ori wkjj eb gdub jk`bj{ |d ob| nk|s di|auob| has|bu cdg}aubl |d aid|nbu }au|{ wk|n a }ks|dj wnbi bioaokio

|auob|s eb{dil cdi|ac| lks|aicb) Ndwbxbu* wba}dis skoikhkcai|j{nbaxkbu |nai a ukhjb ga{ |a`b gdub |kgb hdu sndd|bu d}bua|kio |nb

wba}di |d ob| |nb wba}di ki akgkio }dsk|kdi)

\nudron b~agkia|kdi dh sk|ra|kdi kicjrlkio |nb aedxb hac|dus* ai d}bua|duga{ eb aejb |d assbss |nb }udeaekjk|{ dh b~bcr|kio ai bhhbc|kxb a||ac`

ebhdub d}}dibi|s/ bhhbc|kxb ubac|kdi) Kh |nb }udeaekjk|{ ks haxduaejb*|nbi a||ac` cai eb galb) Kh |nb }udeaekjk|{ ks id| haxduaejb* |nbi

d}bua|du ibbls |d sbb` lkhhbubi| d}|kdis du lkhhbubi| d}}du|rik|{ |da||ac`* kh k| ks axakjaejb)



\nb aedxb ajsd kilkca|bs |na| wnbi d}bua|dus ail d}}dibi|s cagb ki|dcdi|ac| wnbub ed|n }au|kbs aub b~}dsbl |d bacn d|nbu/s ori hkub* sbcruk|{

ks ouba|j{ ahhbc|bl e{ ubja|kxb s}bbl dh bhhbc|kxb ubs}disb) \nb gdub|nbub ks a oa} ki |na| s}bbl* gdub haxduaejb hdu dib }au|{ dxbu |nb

d|nbu) Ajsd* |nb hac|dus b~agkibl aedxb ahhbc|s ubac|kdi s}bbl ail|ac|kcaj a}}udacnbs* wnkcn sndrjl eb cdi|udjjbl ki a gaiibu |na| wkjj

cuba|b |nb gds| oa} ki haxdu dh |nb d}bua|du wnbi cdi|ac| ks galb)

Skg}j{ nk||kio ai d}}dibi| ebhdub d}}dibi| cai ga`b bhhbc|kxb ori hkubwkjj id| eb srhhkckbi| |d bisrub sahb|{) Oriibu{ }udcbss nas |d }udlrcb

bidron lagaob dh |nb |auob|bl d}}dibi| |d s|d} |nb d}}dibi| hudga||ac`kio ebhdub |nb d}}dibi| cai naug |nb d}bua|du) D|nbuwksb* |nbub

s|kjj ks a skoikhkcai| uks` dh d}bua|du ubcbkxkio ub|rui hkub wk|n nkonnk| }d|bi|kaj* bxbi ah|bu |nb d}bua|du/s nk||kio |nb d}}dibi| hkus|) \nks

uks` ga{ id| eb ajwa{s axdklaejb* ebcarsb ki sdgb sk|ra|kdis* |nb ebs|cdrusb dh ac|kdi ga{ eb |d a||ac` |nb d}}dibi| wk|n ori hkub* bxbi kh k|

gbais b~}dsrub |d |nb d}}dibi|‛s ori hkub) Ndwbxbu* d}bua|du sndrjlcdisklbu ac|kdis |na| ga{ ibbl |d eb |a`bi wnbi wnbi k| a}}baus |na|

kica}ack|a|kdi dh d}}dibi| ldbs id| dccru wnbi d}bua|du galb dib du gdubnk|s di |auob| auba ail d}}dibi|/s bhhbc|kxb ori hkub ks kggkibi|) \na|

cai gbai |auob|kio a }au| dh |nb edl{ srcn as euaki* wnkcn ga{ eb gdubnaulbu |d nk|* du aedu|kio |nb oriibu{ }udcbss ail gdxkio ai{ b~}dsbl

}au| dh |nb d}bua|du ebnkil defbc|s |na| cai }ud|bc| |nb d}bua|du)'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

D}}dibi|/s ubs}disb |kgb6

D}bua|du ibbls |d assbss ndw grcn |kgb k| wdrjl |a`b hdu ai d}}dibi| wnd

lb|bc|bl ai d}bua|du ki wba}di uaiob |d lbjkxbu bhhbc|kxb nk|s) \nks wkjjlb}bil xaukdrs hac|dus srcn as |nb d}}dibi|/s s`kjj jbxbj ail wba}di

wnkcn d}bua|du ks id| jk`bj{ |d `idw) Kh |nb }udoubss dh d}}dibi|/soriibu{ }udcbss ks anbal dh |na| dh |nb d}bua|du* |nb d}bua|du sndrjl

assrgb |nb d}}dibi| wkjj lbjkxbu bhhbc|kxb nk|s ebhdub |nb d}bua|du caiki gds| casbs) Hdu b~ag}jb* kh ai d}bua|du lb|bc|bl ai d}}dibi| ail |nb

d}}dibi| ks ajubal{ ki |nb }udcbss dh akgkio wba}di wnkjb d}bua|du kss|kjj ki ubal{ }dsk|kdi* |nb d}bua|du cai assrgb |nb d}}dibi| wkjj eb

aejb |d ob| ai bhhbc|kxb hkub hkus|) Bxbi wnbi d}bua|du kik|ka|bl aoriibu{ }udcbss ebhdub ai d}}dibi|* kh |nb d}bua|du/s bhhkckbic{ ks id|

nkon bidron |d `bb} |nb }udoubss dh |nb oriibu{ }udcbss anbal dh |na| dh|nb d}}dibi|* |nb d}bua|du ga{ desbuxb |nb d}}dibi|/s oriibu{ }udcbss

}udoubss ca|cnkio r} du }asskio |na| dh |nb d}bua|du/s)

Ndwbxbu* d}bua|dus sndrjl ajsd eb awaub |na| d}}dibi|/s oriibu{ }udcbssaoakis| |nb d}bua|du ldbs id| naxb |d eb }ubcksb |d }dsb a |nuba|)

D}}dibi|s ga{ s}bbl dh |nb oriibu{ }udcbss ail sndd| a| |nb d}bua|du bxbi



kh |nb s}bl r} }udcbss nas jdw b~}bc|aic{ dh bhhbc|kxb nk|s) Sd* bxbi khai d}bua|du ks ki cdi|ac| wk|n a bqraj du jdwbu s`kjjbl d}}dibi| wnbub

d}}dibi| ldbs id| naxb a }au|kcrjau alxai|aob ki s|au|kio a oriibu{}udcbss du ob||kio nk|s hkus|* ai d}bua|du ga{ s|kjj uks` d}}dibi| ebkio

aejb |d hkub |dwaul |nb d}bua|du ebhdub |nb d}bua|du ldbs) \nbub ks a}dsskekjk|{ dh ob||kio nk| e{ |nb ori hkub* bxbi |ndron |nb b~}bc|aic{ kh

nk| ks jdw* ail k| ajsd accdg}aikbs laiobu dh erjjb|s hudg |nbkibhhkckbi| ori hkub jailkio ibau |nb d}bua|du cuba|kio sbcdilau{

}udfbc|kjbs du ebkio nk| e{ ukcdcnb|)

Hac|dus gbi|kdibl nbub ga`bs k| lkhhkcrj| |d ga`b ai accrua|b bs|kga|kdidh ndw jdio |nb d}bua|du cai b~}dsb dibsbjh |d ai d}}dibi| ebhdub ob||kio

nk|) Sd* |nb }udcbss ga{ naxb |d kixdjxb bs|kga|kdi easbl di d}bua|du/s`idwjblob di ndw jdio a oriibu{ }udcbss |a`bs |d ob| bhhbc|kxb nk|s

cduubs}dilkio |d ndw grcn |uakikio ks okxbi* ndw grcn |uakikio d}}dibi|ks b~}bc|bl |d naxb* b|c) Dxbu bs|kga|kdi dh d}}dibi|/s s`kjj jbxbj wkjj

eb obibuajj{ sahbu |nai |u{kio |d orbss |nb b~ac| lboubb ail uks`rilbubs|kga|kdi)

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'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Bxaskxb gaibrxbus ki ubs}disb |d lkubc| b~}dsrub |d d}}dibi|s/ a||ac` ail

rsb dh }ud|bc|kdi6

Ki srcn ckucrgs|aicbs* bxaskxb gaibrxbus aub gds|j{ ldib |d jdwbu |nb

d}}dibi|/s ori hkub bhhbc|kxbibss e{ hduckio d}}dibi| |d ubs}dil |d|auob|/s aiorjau gdxbgbi| ail aiorjau skvb cnaiob* du gdxkio |d a

}ud|bc|bl auba du auba dh |ac|kcaj alxai|aob* du ed|n)

_nbi bxaskxb gaibrxbu ks ldib |d ga`b ai d}}dibi|/s akg lkhhkcrj|*d}bua|dus ibbl |d eb car|kdrs |d ga`b aiorjau gdxbgbi| du cnaiob ki

aiorjau auba dh |nb |auob| jauob bidron |d naxb a skoikhkcai| kg}ac| did}}dibi|s/ akgkio lkhhkcrj|{) Gdxkio awa{ wkjj ublrcb aiorjau skvb dh |nb

d}bua|du* ga`kio k| a naulbu |auob| hdu d}}dibi|s) _nbi |nb lks|aicb hudg|nb d}}dibi| ks kicubasbl* |nb aiorjau auba dh |nb d}bua|du wkjj lbcubasb

e{ a hac|du dh 1$.ua|kd dh lks|aicb kicubasb+Y5 hudg d}}dibi|/s }dki| dhxkbw) Hdu b~ag}jb* kh d}bua|du kicubasbs |nb lks|aicb 5 |kgbs |na| dh |nb

dukokiaj lks|aicb* |nb aiorjau auba dh |nb d}bua|du wdrjl ublrcb |d 1$<)\nks ga`bs oakikio lks|aicb nbj}hrj |d axdkl ob||kio nk|) Gdxkio awa{ ki

a lkaodiaj aiojb ki ubja|kdi |d jkib eb|wbbi ai d}bua|du ail |nb d}}dibi||auob|kio |nb d}bua|du cai oaki lks|aicb ail ja|buaj aiorjau gdxbgbi| a|

|nb sagb |kgb) Ndwbxbu* gdxkio awa{ hudg ai d}}dibi| gbais |nb d}bua|duwdrjl eb gdxkio a| jbss |nai ga~kgrg aiorjau s}bbl* wnkcn ks dij{

}dsskejb kh |nb d}bua|du ks gdxkio a| a lkubc|kdi }bu}bilkcrjau |d |nbjkib eb|wbbi |nb d}bua|du ail |nb d}}dibi|) Ga~kgrg aiorjau s}bbl wdrjl

eb }dsskejb wnbi ai d}bua|du ks gdxkio ja|buaj hudg |nb d}}dibi|/s }dki|



dh xkbw) Gdub |nb aiojb ks jbss }bu}bilkcrjau* |nb jdwbu |nb }d|bi|kajaiorjau s}bbl)

Ai d}bua|du ibbls |d lbcklb ndw grcn xbc|du dh |nb |d|aj gdxbgbi| wdrjl

eb ja|buaj du gdxkio awa{ du cjdskio ki |dwaul |nb d}}dibi|) Aj|ndron*srllbi accbjbua|kdi dh |nb |auob| ki ja|buaj lkubc|kdi s}bbl wdrjl jk`bj{

ga`b ai d}}dibi|/s akg lkhhkcrj| kik|kajj{* |nb d}}dibi| sddi ga{ id|naxb grcn dh a }udejbg wk|n akg |uac`kio kh |nb d}bua|du ks gdxkio a| a

cdis|ai| ua|b bxbi kh |nb d}bua|du ks gdxkio a| ga~kgrg ja|buaj s}bbl)\nbub ks a jkgk| |d nrgai uriikio s}bbl* ail |nb }d|bi|kaj s}bbl ks

ublrcbl kh |nb d}bua|du ks sklb s|b}}kio hdu oriibu{ }udcbss* b|c)Ndwbxbu* ua}klj{ xau{kio aiorjau s}bbl ks naulbu |d alfrs| |d) \nks cdrjl

gbai gaki|akikio dij{ |nb ga~kgrg s}bbl ja|buaj gdxbgbi| jdio bidron hduai d}}dibi| |d ob| bhhbc|kxb akg |uac`kio ga{ id| eb |nb ebs| cdrusb dh

ac|kdi wnbi bxaskxb gaibrxbu ks b~bcr|bl |d lksur}| ai d}}dibi|/s akg) Kh|nb gaibrxbu ks odkio |d b~cbbl cbu|aki lks|aicb du |kgb* k| ga{ eb

eb||bu |d eb cdgekibl wk|n kicubaskio lks|aicb du oriibu{ }udcbss)

_nbi ai bxaskxb gaibrxbu ks b~bcr|bl ki dulbu |d ob| |d wnbub k| ks}ud|bc|bl hudg d}}dibi|/s ori hkub* d}bua|dus ibbl |d ga`b a cndkcb aedr|

wnb|nbu kh |nb gdxbgbi| ks odkio |d eb ldib wk|ndr| ki|buur}|kdi du kh|nb d}bua|du wkjj cdgekib k| wk|n ac|kdis |d a||ac` d}}dibi|s a| |nb uks`

dh |nb gaibrxbu ebkio ki|buur}|bl) Ki cbu|aki sk|ra|kdis* a||ac`kiod}}dibi|s ibbls |d eb cdgekibl wk|n bxaskxb gaibrxbus ki dulbu |d |nb

gaibrxbu }dsskejb wnkjb k| ga{ kicubasb uks` ki sdgb d|nbu sk|ra|kdis)

Kh riki|buur}|bl bxaskxb gaibrxbu |d }ud|bc|bl auba cai eb ldib ebhdub

d}}dibi|s cai }udlrcb bhhbc|kxb ori hkub* sjdwkio ldwi du s|d}}kiobxaskxb gaibrxbu hdu a||ac`s aoakis| d}}dibi|s ga{ cuba|b ai riibcbssau{uks`) Hdu b~ag}jb* ai d}bua|du ga{ ob| snd| ail `kjjbl wnbi |nb d}bua|du

s|d}s ai bxaskxb gaibrxbu |d a }ud|bc|bl auba |d sndd| d}}dibi|s wnbi |nbd}bua|du cdrjl cdg}jb|b |nb gaibrxbu ail a||ac` hudg |nb }ud|bc|bl auba

wk|n nkonbu }udeaekjk|{ dh srccbss kh |nb d}bua|du ldbs id| s|d}) Kh |nbgaibrxbu ks rijk`bj{ |d eb cdg}jb|bl ebhdub ubcbkxkio bhhbc|kxb hkub hudg

d}}dibi|s* |nbi d}bua|du ga{ ibbl |d cdgekib ac|kdis |d a||ac`* gaibrxbu|d ublrcb d}}dibi|s/ akg bhhbc|kxbibss* b|c)* ki dulbu |d }udlrcb

d}}du|rik|{ |d cdg}jb|b |nb gaibrxbu |d }ud|bc|bl auba du kica}ack|a|bd}}dibi|s)

Kg}du|ai| }dki| ks |na| wna|bxbu ac|kdi d}bua|du cndsbs* oriibu{ }udcbss

|d a||ac`* bxaskxb gaibrxbu |d r|kjkvb }ud|bc|kdi defbc|s* bxaskxbgaibrxbu |d ga`b lksur}| d}}dibi|/s oriibu{ bhhbc|kxbibss* bacn ac|kdi

|a`bi nas |d eb bhhbc|kxb)

\nbub aub sdgb cdggdi buudus desbuxbl ki |uakikio wk|nki sdgbduoaikva|kdis) Dib dh |nbg ks cdgekikio |wd du gdub ubs}disb ac|kdis ki a

gaiibu |na| idib dh |nbg aub bhhbc|kxb) Hdu b~ag}jb* sdgb duoaikva|kdis|uaki d}bua|dus |d sndd| wnkjb |a`kio bxaskxb gaibrxbus ki a gaiibu |na|

|nb gaibrxbu ks id| has| bidron hdu d}bua|du |d r|kjkvb }ud|bc|kdi defbc|du ga`b d}}dibi|/s akg lkhhkcrj| ail |nb oriibu{ }udcbss lrukio gaibrxbu

ks ajsd id| bhhbc|kxb) \na| ubsrj|s ki ai d}bua|du ebkio a bas{ |d nk|



sjdw gdxkio |auob| }udlrckio kibhhbc|kxb oriibu{ |na| ldbs id| ahhbc|d}}dibi|s)

Aid|nbu buudu desbuxbl ks hakjrub dh }ud}buj{ a}}j{ |nb easkc }ukick}jbs

|d lbckskdi ga`kio) Hdu b~ag}jb* sdgb duoaikva|kdi |bacnbs d}bua|dus |dar|dga|kcajj{ ub|rui hkub ebhdub ldkio ai{ bxaskxb gaibrxbus r}di

ubcbkxkio hkub) Cdisklbukio |na| ai d}bua|du ubcbkxkio hkub gbaisd}}dibi|s aub ajubal{ b~bcr|kio bhhbc|kxb oriibu{* k| |a`bs a xbu{ jdio

|kgb hdu ai d}bua|du |d ubcdoikvb |nb a||ac`* lb|bugkib a |auob|* |nbis|au| a oriibu{ }udcbss ail s|au| ob||kio bhhbc|kxb nk|s* |na| ks kh |nb

d}bua|du ks s|kjj ajkxb a| |na| }dki|) Hudg d}}dibi|s/ }dki| dh xkbw*assrgkio bqraj s`kjjs* ai d}bua|du ki s|a|kdiau{ }dsk|kdi |u{kio |d s|au|

a oriibu{ }udcbss hudg a s|a|b dh ebkio riawaub dh |nb d}}dibi| ks a haubaskbu |auob| |nai ai d}bua|du |na| s|au|s gdxkio kggblka|bj{ r}di

ubcbkxkio hkub) Kh |ndsb |{}b dh |uakibus |ndron| dh |nb easkc }ukick}jbsuboaulkio ubs}disb |kgb ail b~bcr|kdi |kgb hdu cduubs}dilkio ac|kdis ail

}ud}buj{ a}}jkbl k|* |nbku gb|ndl wdrjl eb lkhhbubi|)

Cdgekikio a oriibu{ }udcbss wk|n bxaskxb gaibrxbu sndrjl id| eb ldibrijbss k| cai eb ldib wk|ndr| skoikhkcai|j{ sjdwkio ldwi |nb gaibrxbu du

bxaskxb gaibrxbu ajdib ks rijk`bj{ |d }ubxbi| |nb d}bua|du hudg ubcbkxkiobhhbc|kxb hkub ri|kj a }ud|bc|bl }dsk|kdi ks ubacnbl) Kh |nb sndd|kio ks

|d eb ldib wnkjb |nb d}bua|du ks gdxkio a| s}bbl has| bidron hdu bxaskxbgaibrxbu* |nb lks|aicb nas |d eb sndu| bidron du |nb |auob| nas |d eb

jauob bidron hdu |nb d}bua|du |d ob| bhhbc|kxb nk|s) D|nbuwksb* |nbgaibrxbu ga{ naxb |d eb ki|buur}|bl hdu a eukbh gdgbi| ki dulbu hdu |nb

d}bua|du |d b~bcr|b ai bhhbc|kxb oriibu{ }udcbss ail ubsrgbl ki dulbu hdu

ed|n |nb bxaskxb gaibrxbu ail |nb oriibu{ |d eb bhhbc|kxb)

D}bua|du id| ob||kio naugbl |a`bs }ukduk|{ dxbu bhhbc|kxb a||ac` di

d}}dibi|s) D}bua|dus ibbl |d `bb} ki gkil |na| d}bua|du sahb|{ ks |nb}ukgau{ defbc|kxb* ail kica}ack|a|kio d}}dibi|s ks gbubj{ dib dh gai{

gbais |d acnkbxb |na| defbc|kxb) \ac|kcaj lbckskdi sndrjl ubhjbc| |na|defbc|kxb)

\nbub ks id cnaiob ki gbcnaikcs dh ndw defbc|s |na| }udxklb }ud|bc|kdi ks

r|kjkvbl) Ndwbxbu* ai d}bua|du ki cdi|ac| ga{ naxb |d gaibrxbu |d `bb}r|kjkvkio a }ud|bc|kdi defbc| accdulkio |d d}}dibi|s gaibrxbu)

Ai{ }au|{ r|kjkvkio defbc|s hdu }ud|bc|kdi ga{ rsb gdgbi|au{ b~}dsrub

|bcnikqrb |d a||ac` aid|nbu) Aj|ndron |na| ga{ sbxbubj{ ublrcb oriibu{bhhbc|kxbibss* k| wdrjl ajsd ga`b k| xbu{ lkhhkcrj| hdu |nb d|nbu }au|{

|d bhhbc|kxbj{ a||ac` |nbg) Ail* k| s|kjj ks a laiobu |d |nb d|nbu }au|{)Ajsd* ki cbu|aki ckucrgs|aicbs* oriibu{ b~bcr|bl ki |na| gaiibu cai s|kjj

eb bhhbc|kxb) Srcn ckucrgs|aicbs kicjrlb wnbi |nb lks|aicb kixdjxbl ksxbu{ cjdsb* du |nb d}bua|du rskio |nb gdgbi|au{ b~}dsrub |bcnikqrb hdu

a||ac` nas a oddl klba wnbub |d akg ail ndw |d }dsk|kdi dib/s sndd|kio}ja|hdug hdu kggblka|b hkukio kggblka|bj{ ah|bu b~}dsrub) Kh |nb |auob|

ks s|a|kdiau{* k| nbj}s ai d}bua|du |d rsb |na| a}}udacn bxbi gdub)

Ndwbxbu* |na| |bcnikqrb nas a }udejbg dh d}bua|du jdskio sk|ra|kdi



awaubibss dh |nb auba |nb d}bua|du ki|bils |d b~}dsb dibsbjh |d wnbi |nbd}bua|du gdxbs eac` |nb b~}dsbl }du|kdi dh dib/s edl{ ebnkil |nb

}ud|bc|kdi defbc| rsbl) \na| cai ajjdw ki d}}dibi| |d alxaicb |dd cjdsb|d |nb d}bua|du ridesbuxbl wnbi |nb lks|aicb |d |nb d}}dibi| ks cjdsb)

Ndwbxbu* gaki|akikio b~}dsrub |d desbuxb |nb auba cai eb kh nkonbu uks`*lb}bilkio di |nb ckucrgs|aicbs)

_nbi ai d}bua|du |d|ajj{ snkbjl dibsbjh ebnkil a }ud|bc|kdi defbc| |nb

d}bua|du wdrjl id| eb aejb |d desbuxb d}}dibi|s ail id| eb aejb |d `idw|nbku ac|kdi du cnaiob dh jdca|kdi* b|c) Ndwbxbu* b~}dskio a }au| dh

dibsbjh |d desbuxb d}}dibi|s wdrjl gbai uks`kio ob||kio snd|) Bk|nbu ks auks`) Gdgbi|au{ b~}dsrub |bcnikqrb cai eb rsbl |d eajaicb |ndsb uks` ail

ebibhk|s) Ki gds| casbs wnbi ai d}bua|du b~}dsbs a }au| dh dibsbjh hudg}ud|bc|bl auba hdu srcn desbuxa|kdi* |nb d}bua|du grs| eb aejb |d ubs}dil

|d ai{ d}}dibi| desbuxbl wk|n ori hkub du |nb b~}dsrub grs| eb gdgbi|au{*rijbss |nb d}bua|du desbuxbl d}}dibi|s ail idib dh |nbg aub |a`kio ai{

ac|kdi |na| ks kggblka|bj{ a |nuba| |d |nb d}bua|du) D}bua|dus sndrjl id|cdi|kirdrsj{ b~}dsb dibsbjh hdu srcn desbuxa|kdi ail uks` ob||kio snd|

wnbi |nb d}bua|du caiid| ubs}dil |d d}}dibi|s wk|n ori hkub)&&&&& Gdub kihduga|kdi ki Xdjrgb 3 \ac|kcaj Cuk|kc sbc|kdi)

D}bua|dus sndrjl id| eb jkgk| |nbgsbjxbs |d oriibu{ }udcbss du bxaskxb

gaibrxbu) Kh |nbub aub ai{ d|nbu gbais |d lksur}| ai d}}dibi|/s a||ac`|na| cai eb rsbl wk|ndr| nkilbukio bhhbc|kxb ubs}disb* k| sndrjl eb

|a`bi)

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Bqrk}gbi| gaik}rja|kdi ail wba}di riaejb |d hkub sk|ra|kdis)

D}bua|du/s a||bi|kdi di bqrk}gbi| gaik}rja|kdi ga{ iboa|kxbj{ kg}ac|sk|ra|kdi awaubibss) Bqrk}gbi|s sndrjl eb cdihkorubl ki a wa{ |na|

d}bua|du cai d}bua|b k| wk|n gkikgaj a||bi|kdi as }dsskejb) \uakikiosndrjl ajsd eb cdihkorubl ki a wa{ |na| ga`bs d}bua|du eb aejb |d

gaik}rja|b bqrk}gbi|s wk|n gkikgrg ki|buur}|kdi ki cdjjbc|kio sk|ra|kdikihduga|kdi) Ndwbxbu* d}bua|du sndrjl okxb bidron a||bi|kdi |d

bhhbc|kxbj{ d}bua|b cuk|kcaj bqrk}gbi|s) \na| gbais d}bua|dus naxb |deajaicb ndw grcn |kgb ail bhhdu| ks okxbi |d eb awaub dh |nb sruudrilkios

ail d}bua|kio cuk|kcaj bqrk}gbi|s)

Dib b~ag}jb ks ori gaik}rja|kdis srcn as ubjdalkio) Ubjdalkio ks has|buwnbi d}bua|du cdicbi|ua|bs sdjbj{ di ubjdalkio |nb ori ki rsb) Ndwbxbu*

k| ks a uks` hdu ai d}bua|du |d id| desbuxb |nb sruudrilkios ail id| sbbai b~}dsbl d}}dibi|/s ac|kdi srcn as a}}udacnkio du gaibrxbukio |d a

}dsk|kdi dh alxai|aob* b|c) A uks` |na| cai eb axdklbl kh |nb d}bua|du`bb}s desbuxkio |nb sruudrilkio) K| wdrjl eb ebibhkckaj |d |uaki |d eb

ca}aejb dh ubjdalkio wk|ndr| jdd`kio a| |nb ubjdalkio ac|kdi) Er|* kh |nb



ubjdalkio cai eb ldib has|bu wk|n |a`kio a sndu| |kgb |d desbuxb |nbubjdalkio ac|kdi* ail |nb d}bua|du lbcklbs id| desbuxb |nb ubjdalkio

ac|kdi |d `bb} desbuxb |nb sruudrilkios* ubjdalkio wdrjl |a`b jdiobu |kgb|nai |nb |kgb k| cdrjl naxb ebbi) Ai{ |kgb ai d}bua|du s}bils wnkjb id|

ebkio aejb |d kggblka|bj{ hkub a wba}di ks a uks`* ail |nb uks` kicubasbsas |nb |kgb ob|s jdiobu) Bxbi kh ai d}bua|du desbuxbs ai d}}dibi|

cnauokio |dwaul ai d}bua|du wnkjb ubjdalkio* |nbub ks id|nkio grcn aid}bua|du cai ld wk|n a ori |na| ks id| jdalbl) Kh |na| |kgb cai eb

sndu|bibl e{ |a`kio a sgajj agdri| dh |kgb |d desbuxb |nb bqrk}gbi|gaik}rja|kdi* |nb ebibhk| ga{ hau b~cbbl |nb uks` dh jdd`kio a| |nb

gaik}rja|kdi ac|kdi kis|bal dh |nb sruudrilkios)

Ndwbxbu* |nb aedxb ldbs id| gbi bk|nbu |nb gaik}rja|kdi bhhkckbic{ dudesbuxkio |nb sruudrilkio hdu sk|ra|kdiaj awaubibss naxb |d} }ukduk|{) Ki

gds| casbs* desbuxa|kdi dh|bi ubqrkubs d}bua|dus |d b~}dsb a| jbas| sdgb}au| dh dibsbjh |d ai{dib ki |nb auba ebkio desbuxbl) _nbi ai d}bua|du ks

b~}dsbl |d ai d}}dibi| ca}aejb dh b~bcr|kio bhhbc|kxb oriibu{ di |nbd}bua|du* |nb d}bua|du ibbls |d eb aejb |d b~bcr|b bhhbc|kxb oriibu{ di

|nb d}}dibi| du |a`b bxaskxb ac|kdi) Dib dh |nb ubasdi desbuxa|kdi hdusk|ra|kdi awaubibss ks kg}du|ai| ks |d ajjdw |nb d}bua|du |d |a`b |ndsb

ac|kdis |d axdkl ob||kio snd|)_nbi ai d}bua|du ks b~}dsbl |d kggkibi| du ki }udoubss ori hkub hudg

d}}dibi|s* ail id| aejb |d ubs}dil e{ ori hkub* |nb d}bua|du sndrjl |a`bbxaskxb ac|kdi) Desbuxa|kdi bhhdu| |d sbb |nb sruudrilkios du bqrk}gbi|

gaik}rja|kdi bhhdu| ks a jdwbu }ukduk|{* ail sndrjl id| nkilbu aid}bua|du |d b~bcr|b bxaskxb gaibrxbu |d ob| snkbjlbl e{ }ud|bc|kdi defbc|

du lksur}| d}}dibi|/s akgkio)

_nkjb |nb aekjk|{ |d ld ac|kdis srcn as ubjdalkio a ori du cjbaukio a origajhric|kdi wnkjb desbuxkio |nb sruudrilkios ks kg}du|ai|* |nb ubasdi wn{

k| ks kg}du|ai| ks |d ajjdw d}bua|dus |d |a`b bxaskxb ac|kdis |d `bb}|nbg sahb lrukio |nb ubjdalkio du gajhric|kdi cjbaukio }udcbss) K| cai

ajsd sbuxb a }ru}dsb dh ob||kio sk|ra|kdi kihduga|kdi hdu cdi|kirdrs|ac|kcaj assbssgbi|s) Ndwbxbu* k|s }ru}dsb ks id| |d s|a{ cdis|ai|j{

b~}dsbl |d ai d}}dibi|/s ori hkub |d desbuxb ai d}}dibi| wnkjb ebkioriaejb |d sndd| eac`* ail d}bua|dus sndrjl id| ac| ki |na| gaiibu)

Kh ai d}bua|du ibbls |d ubjdal du cjbau a gajhric|kdi wnkjb b~}dsbl |d

kggkibi| bhhbc|kxb ori hkub hudg d}}dibi|s* |nb |d} }ukduk|{ sndrjl eb |d|a`b wna|bxbu ac|kdi |na| wdrjl }ubxbi| |nb d}bua|du hudg ob||kio nk| e{

ori hkub wnkjb |nb d}bua|du ubjdals du cjbau |nb gajhric|kdi) \na| wdrjlgbai |a`kio ac|kdis srcn as kggblka|b bxaskxb gaibrxbu |d ai auba |nb

d}bua|du wdrjl eb snkbjlbl e{ }ud|bc|kdi defbc|s kh srcn auba ksaxakjaejb)

Kh ai d}bua|du ail ai d}}dibi| wk|n bqraj s`kjjs ail bqrk}gbi|s aub

hkon|kio ki |nb d}bi* |nbub ks vbud }udeaekjk|{ dh |nb d}bua|du s|ailkios|kjj cjbaukio a gajhric|kdi ail b~bcr|kio a oriibu{ }udcbss di |nb

d}}dibi| has|bu |nai |nb d}}dibi| cai b~bcr|b a oriibu{ }udcbss)&&&&& Gdub kihduga|kdi ki Xdjrgb 3 \ac|kcaj Cuk|kc sbc|kdi)



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D}}dibi|/s ubac|kdi cnauac|buks|kcs6

Sdgb }bd}jb ga{ b~nkek| n{}buac|kxb |bilbic{ rilbu s|ubss) Gai{ }bd}jb

wdrjl b~bcr|b oriibu{ }udcbss a| a s}bbl nkonbu |nai |nbku s`kjj ajjdws|nbg |d `bb} bhhbc|kxbibss ki cdgea|) Sdgb d}}dibi|s du d}bua|dus ga{

cnddsb |d cdisckdrsj{ ld sd wnbi |nbku oriibu{ }udcbss ks id| jk`bj{ |dcdg}jb|b ebhdub |nbku d}}dibi|s ld) Ki gai{ srcn casbs* |nb{ gkon| |u{

|d cdg}bisa|b ublrcbl accruac{ wk|n kicubasbl xdjrgb dh hkub) \nks}ubsbi|s a }udeaekjk|{ dh d}bua|dus wnd nas ai alxai|aob b~bcr|kio a

}ud}bu oriibu{ }udcbss ubcbkxb nkon xdjrgb dh kiaccrua|b hkub hkus| e{ajbu|bl d}}dibi|s) D}bua|dus sndrjl eb awaub dh |nks }udeaekjk|{* ail id|

jb| k| lksur}| |nb ebs| cdrusb dh ac|kdi }jaiibl)

Kh d}bua|dus aub id| }ud}buj{ }ub}aubl hdu |nks* a jauob xdjrgb dh ub|ruihkub wk|n jdw accruac{ e{ aooubsskxb d}}dibi|s cai lksur}| |nb d}bua|du/s

d}bua|kdi ail }r| |nbg a| uks`) \nks was b~nkek|bl a irgebu dh |kgbs e{jdw s`kjjbl sdjlkbus |na| agersnbl sdjlkbus wk|n nkonbu lboubb dh s`kjjs

ail hakjbl bxbi wnbi |nb{ kik|kajj{ nal |ac|kcaj alxai|aob)

D}bua|dus sndrjl id| ga`b ai{ assrg}|kdis aedr| ndw grcn uks` d}}dibi|saub wkjjkio |d |a`b) Sdgb d}}dibi|s ga{ eb wkjjkio |d sacukhkcb |nbku

jkhb du srs|aki ai{ lboubb dh kifru{ |d naug |nb d}bua|dus) D}}dibi||a`kio gbasrubs |d }ud|bc| |nbgsbjxbs hudg kifru{* lba|n* du d|nbu naugs

sndrjl eb xkbwbl as a gbais |d ob| d}}du|rik|{ |d naug |nb d}bua|du |naiubjrc|aicb |d naug d}bua|dus a| |nb uks` dh ob||kio naugbl) Lbikaj dh

d}}dibi|/s |a`kio cbu|aki cdrusb dh ac|kdi sndrjl eb easbl di }n{skcajkg}dsskekjk|{ du cbu|aki kica}ack|a|kdi e{ d}bua|du/s a||ac`)

Sdgb d}}dibi|s ga{ lbcklb |d alxaicb |dwaul ai d}bua|du du a}}udacn ai

d}bua|du wnkjb gaibrxbukio audril ai defbc| |nb d}bua|du ks rskio hdusnkbjlkio |d b~}dsb |nb d}bua|du as a |auob|* bxbi kh k| gbais ebkio

b~}dsbl) \nks ks gdub jk`bj{ wnbi |nb d}}dibi| ks rskio edl{ augdu* |nbube{ naxkio skgkjau snkbjlkio ail ublrcbl |auob| auba as |nb d}bua|du ldbs*

wk|ndr| gdekjk|{ ubs|ukc|kdis* bs}bckajj{ kh |nb d}}dibi| nas wba}diswk|n nkonbu ua|b dh hkub ail gdub ca}ack|{ |d srs|aki hkub) _k|ndr| |ndsb

|ddjs* |na| cdrusb dh ac|kdi aoakis| ai d}bua|du ki a oddl lbhbiskxb}dsk|kdi ga{ eb a srkcklaj gdxb* er| sdgb d}}dibi|s ga{ s|kjj cndsb |na|

cdrusb dh ac|kdi* sdgb|kgbs wk|n grj|k}jb d}}dibi|s wkjjkio |d |a`b sdgbcasraj|kbs)

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Cdi|kirdrs cdi|ac| uks` assbssgbi|6

Bxbi wnbi lbckskdi |d a||ac` ai d}}dibi| ks galb* ai d}bua|du sndrjl

cdis|ai|j{ ubassbss |nb sk|ra|kdi wk|n bxbu{ d}}du|rik|{ as |d wnb|nbu |dgaki|aki cdi|ac| wk|n |nb d}}dibi|s du id|) Hdu b~ag}jb* aggrik|kdi

sr}}j{ ga{ ob| jdw* kicubaskio |nb uks` dh gaki|akikio cdi|ac|0 bxbi|ndron gaki|akikio cdi|ac| |d a||ac` was haxduaejb hdu ai d}bua|du/s

sbcruk|{ wnbi |nb d}bua|du s|au|bl |nb a||ac`) Ai d}bua|du ga{ ubcdoikvb|na| d}}dibi|/s hducb skvb was jauobu |nai wna| |nb d}bua|du kik|kajj{

desbuxbl as |nb cdi|ac| cdi|kirbs)

D}bua|dus sndrjl naxb a }jaiibl cdrusb dh ac|kdi uboaulkio sk|ra|kdi wnbiaggrik|kdi sr}}j{ ks ob||kio jdw) \nb uks` dh gaki|akikio cdi|ac| wk|n

d}}dibi|s xbusrs |nb uks` dh a||bg}|kio |d euba` cdi|ac| wk|n d}}dibi|ski a okxbi sk|ra|kdi cnaiobs accdulkio |d aggrik|kdi sr}}j{) Gaki|akikio

cdi|ac| wk|n d}}dibi|s ail hkon|kio ga{ naxb jdwbu uks` |nai a||bg}|kio|d bsca}b wnbi aggrik|kdi sr}}j{ was id| skoikhkcai|j{ ublrcbl du

jdw a| |nb s|au| dh |nb cdi|ac|) Er|* d}bua|dus ob||kio jdw di aggrik|kdisr}}j{ ail }udeaekjk|{ dh lb}jb|kio aggrik|kdi sr}}j{ wdrjl gds| jk`bj{

ga`b uks` dh gaki|akikio cdi|ac| wk|n d}}dibi|s riaccb}|aejb bxbi wnbi|na| was id| |nb casb wnbi |nb cdi|ac| s|au|bl)

@bb} |uac` dh6

'Aggrik|kdi sr}}j{)

'D}}dibi| ail hukbilj{ hducb skvb cnaiob hudg casraj|kbs ail ubkihducbgbi|s)

']dsk|kdikio ail gaibrxbu dh hducbs)

Bxbi ki sk|ra|kdis d}bua|du galb a lbckskdi |d lkscdi|kirb a cdi|ac| wk|nd}}dibi|s* du b~bcr|b bxaskxb gaibrxbus* hkubaugs/ ca}aekjk|{ |d a||ac`

|auob|s a| a lks|aicb s|kjj okxbs d}bua|dus ai d}|kdi |d a||ac` d}}dibi|sebcarsb a||ac` ail bxaskxb gaibrxbu aub id| ajwa{s gr|rajj{ b~cjrskxb ail

ga{ nbj} bsca}kio hudg a }dsk|kdi)'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

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Grj|k}jb d}}dibi| }udejbgs6

Rsrajj{ wnbi ubs}dilkio |d ai d}}dibi|s |nuba| e{ hkubaug* ai d}bua|du

cai dij{ bhhbc|kxbj{ a||ac` dib d}}dibi| a| a |kgb) Sd* }udeaekjk|{ dh



srccbsshrj ubs}disb |d grj|k}jb d}}dibi|s wdrjl eb kicubasbl e{ ga`kio ask|ra|kdi wnbub ai d}bua|du dij{ cdi|ac|s dib d}}dibi| a| a |kgb du

ga`kio a sk|ra|kdi wnbub sbukbs dh oriibu{ }udcbss ks galb gdubbhhbc|kxb) Gb|ndls kicjrlb |nb hdjjdwkio6

'Ksdja|kdi6 Ki |nks cdi|b~|* |nks gbais ai d}bua|du ail kilkxklrajs

|nb d}bua|du ki|bil |d wdu` di aub sb}aua|bl hudg ai{ d|nbukilkxklrajs e{ s}acb* lks|aicb* des|acjb* b|c)* ki a gaiibu |na|

d}bua|dus wdrjl naxb bidron |kgb ail s}acb |d accdg}jksn ki|bilbl|as` uboaulkio |nb kilkxklrajs wk|ndr| ebkio ki|buxbibl)

Hdu b~ag}jb6 Kh ai d}bua|du a||ac`s ai d}}dibi|* ail aid|nbu

d}}dibi| caiid| ki|buxbib ri|kj d}bua|du cdg}jb|bs ai bhhbc|kxba||ac`* |nb d}}dibi| a||ac`bl e{ |nb d}bua|du ks ksdja|bl)

Ndwbxbu* |nks ks uboaulkio ai d}bua|du wdu`kio di ai{ kilkxklraj*

id| jkgk|bl |d ai d}bua|du a||ac`kio d}}dibi|s) \nb kilkxklrajebkio wdu`bl di cai eb ai ri`idwi 3ul }au|{ ail wdu` ga{ kixdjxb

desbuxkio |nbg du ga`kio xbueaj cdi|ac| |d klbi|kh{ |nbg)



'Cdicbi|ua|kdi6Gaibrxbukio du rsb dh bixkudigbi| |d ubs|ukc|

d}}dibi|/s }dsk|kdikio cdicbi|ua|bl ki aubas d}bua|dus cai ubs}dilgdub bhhbc|kxbj{) Dib b~ag}jb ks ai d}bua|du b~bcr|kio bsca}b

gaibrxbu |nudron ai auba wnbub grj|k}jb d}}dibi|s wdrjl naxb |dgdxb |nudron dij{ dib }a|n ki dulbu |d }rusrb |nb d}bua|du)



Rsb dh defbc|s du hba|rubs ki |nb bixkudigbi| |na| }udxklbs }ud|bc|kdi |d

cdxbu ai d}bua|du hudg d}}dibi|s xkbw du ori hkub sd |na| d}bua|du wdrjleb b~}dsbl |d dij{ |nb d}}dibi| |nb d}bua|du ks a||ac`kio ks dib hdug dh

cuba|kio |nb sk|ra|kdi) Hdu |na| }ru}dsb* cbu|aki lboubb dh lkubc|kdiajail s}ackaj lks}busaj dh d}}dibi|s aub lbskuaejb)

Kh lkubc|kdiaj lks}busaj dh d}}dibi|s ks |dd jauob* ai d}bua|du kixdjxbl

ga{ naxb gdub cdicbuis wk|n cdgkio ki cdi|ac| hudg grj|k}jb lkubc|kdiwnkcn kicubasbs |nb d}bua|du/s wdu` jdal ail ibcbssk|{ hdu defbc|s |na|

}udxklbs }ud|bc|kdi |na| cdxbus |nb d}bua|du hudg jauobu hai dhlkubc|kdi) Kh |nb lks}busaj ks sgajj* |nbi k| ks naulbu hdu d}bua|du |d

rsb snkbjlkio ki a gaiibu |na| b~}dsbs dibsbjh |d jdwbs| irgebu dhd}}dibi| a| a okxbi |kgb)

\d cdri|bu grj|k}jb d}}dibi|s/ gaibrxbu |d irjjkh{ ai d}bua|du/s }dsk|kdi

alxai|aob* ai d}bua|du ki cdi|ac| wk|n d}}dibi|s ga{ naxb |d ub}ba|

gaibrxbukio |d lkhhbubi| jdca|kdis) \nks ga`bs `idwkio alxai|aob }dki|sail d}bi gaibrxbu ail bsca}b udr|bs kg}du|ai|) Gaibrxbukio ki|drib~agkibl auba nas nkonbu uks`)



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]ukduk|kvkio |auob|6

Ubgbgebu |na| |nb |d} }ukduk|{ ks id| ob||kio `kjjbl dh kifrubl* id|`kjjkio du kifrukio ai d}}dibi|) \nbub ga{ eb ai d}}dibi| gbgebu wnd ai

d}bua|du cai a||ac` wk|n |nb ouba|bs| }udeaekjk|{ dh nk| r}di cdi|ac|*er| |na| ldbs id| gbai |nb d}bua|du nas jdwbs| }udeaekjk|{ dh ebkio

`kjjbl du kifrubl* bs}bckajj{ kh k| b~}dsbs |nb d}bua|du |d nkon}udeaekjk|{ dh nk| e{ d|nbu d}}dibi|s)

\d} }ukduk|{ odbs |d a||ac`kio |nb d}}dibi| |na| cai eb kica}ack|a|blwk|n gkikgrg uks`) Ail* wnbi |nbub aub grj|k}jb d}}dibi|s |na| gbb| |na|cuk|buka* }ukduk|{ odbs |d |nb d}}dibi| |na| }dsbs |nb ouba|bs| |nuba| |d



|nb d}bua|du a| |nb okxbi gdgbi|)'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

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Ajbu|bl d}}dibi|s6

D}bua|dus sndrjl assrgb |nbub ga{ eb d}}dibi|s d|nbu |nai |nb dibs

desbuxbl du desbuxbl d}}dibi|s wnd aub id| kica}ack|a|bl gaibrxbukio |dwnbub k| wdrjl naxb |ac|kcaj alxai|aob di |nb d}bua|du/s cruubi| }dsk|kdi

ail wnbub |nb{ b~}bc| |d eb {dru jk`bj{ kioubss du boubss udr|b as sddias {dr aub lb|bc|bl)

B~}bc| ajbu|bl d}}dibi|s |d ursn dr| dh ai{ ]DBV |nb d}bua|du ks b~}dsbl

|d a| |nb gdgbi|) Ai d}bua|du sndrjl gaibrxbu du }dsk|kdi dibsbjh as sddias }dsskejb |d }dsk|kdi wnbub k| wdrjl nbj} |nb d}bua|du id| |d eb

dxbuwnbjgbl e{ ajbu|bl d}}dibi|s ursnkio dr| dh |ndsb ]DBVs kh |nbd}bua|du ks id| ajubal{ ki srcn }dsk|kdi dh alxai|aob) Kh |nb d}bua|du

was ki a }dsk|kdi dh alxai|aob* d}bua|du sndrjl s|kjj ublrcb |nb irgebudh ]DBV |nb d}bua|du ks nailjkio jdw bidron hdu |nb d}bua|du |d gaiaob

bgbuokio |nuba|s)

Rijbss ai d}bua|du was ajubal{ jdca|bl ki a }dsk|kdi |na| okxbs alxai|aobki ubs}dilkio |d |nb aedxb* d}bua|du sndrjl cdisklbu gaibrxbukio |d

cdri|bu |nb aedxb gbi|kdibl }dsskejb d}}dibi| bhhdu|s)

Ki |nb d}bua|kdi lbscukebl ki |nks cdi|b~|* d}bua|dus ibbl |d aeaildi |nbcdicb}| dh alxaicb du ub|uba| ki |bugs dh oakikio oudril) \nbub ks dij{

gaibrxbukio |d }dsk|kdi dh |ac|kcaj alxai|aob* ail |nb lkubc|kdi dhgaibrxbu cai eb |dwaul d}}dibi|s du awa{ hudg d}}dibi|s)

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A||ac`kio du desbuxkio d}}dibi|s |nudron DAV6

Kh d}}dibi|s lkscdxbubl a }ubsbicb dh ai d}bua|du nklkio ebnkil ai defbc||na| }udxklbs }ud|bc|kdi eb|wbbi |nb d}bua|du ail |nb d}}dibi|s* a s}acb

wnbub ai d}bua|du cai bgbuob hudg |nb }ud|bc|kdi defbc| wdrjl eb ai DAV)D}}dibi|s aub b~}bc|kio |na| ai d}bua|du ga{ bgbuob ki |na| s}acb ail

jk`bj{ eb ubal{ ld a||ac` kh |nb d}bua|du bgbuobs)

Bgbuokio ail a}}baukio ki |na| s}acb sndrjl eb axdklbl kh |nbub ks aiaj|buia|kxb* rijbss |nb d}bua|du nas ai alxai|aob ki ldkio sd) Er|* ki

sdgb casbs |na| ks |nb dij{ s}acb ai d}bua|du cai a}}bau ki dulbu |d



desbuxb du a||ac` |nb d}}dibi|s ail srcn desbuxa|kdi du a||ac` ksibcbssau{) Ki allk|kdi |d |nb }ukick}jbs dh rskio }ud|bc|kdi defbc|s*

d}bua|du cai r|kjkvb gdgbi|au{ b~}dsrub |bcnikqrb }ukick}jbs |d desbuxbdu a||ac` |nb d}}dibi|s) Ajsd* |nb d}bua|du cai ga`b |nb b~ac| }dki| dh

bgbuobicb wk|nki |na| auba uaildg* sd |na| k| wdrjl eb lkhhkcrj| hdu |nbd}}dibi|s |d }ublkc| |nb b~ac| }dki| dh bgbuobicb ki |na| auba* bxbi kh

d}}dibi|s aub awaub |na| |nb d}bua|du wdrjl a}}bau ki |na| auba

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]ds| kica}ack|a|kdi ac|kdis6

Ah|bu ai d}}dibi| ks kica}ack|a|bl* d}bua|dus sndrjl desbuxb sruudrilkios

hdu allk|kdiaj |nuba|s ail b~agkib |nb s|a|rs dh |nb kica}ack|a|bld}}dibi| as ubqrkubl) Kh allk|kdiaj |nuba| ks lb|bc|bl* du kh d}bua|du

ajubal{ nal `idwjblob |na| |nbub aub gdub d}}dibi| }ubsbi|* d}bua|dussndrjl ubsrgb cdi|ac| nailjkio }udcbss) Kh id|* d}bua|dus ubsrgb

d}bua|kdis ri|kj defbc|kxb* oakikio sbcruk|{* ks acnkbxbl) Kica}ack|a|kdildbs id| bqraj lba|n) Ajsd* ai kica}ack|a|kdi dh ai d}}dibi| sndrjl id|

eb assrgbl |d eb a }bugaibi| s|a|b) ]ud}bu a||bi|kdi |d kica}ack|a|bld}}dibi| ks ubqrkubl) Kica}ack|a|bl d}}dibi| sndrjl eb |uba|bl as ]DBV

ri|kj |nbub ks a ubasdi hdu |nb d}bua|du |d ebjkbxb |nb d}}dibi| caiid|eb ac|kxb aoaki)

D}bua|dus sndrjl cnbc` aggrik|kdi sr}}j{ ail ubjdal wba}di as ibcbssau{)

\nb{ sndrjl ajsd eb ajbu| hdu }dsskejb d|nbu d}}dibi|s wnd aub jk`bj{

ajbu|bl)'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3)3)5)<) D}bua|kdis kik|ka|bl ki r}di cdi|ac|)

D}bua|dus ki |nks sk|ra|kdi wdrjl id| naxb ebbi ldkio sdgb dh |nb ac|kdisubqrkubl |d ga`b |ac|kcaj hac|dus ki d}bua|dus/ haxdu* gds|j{ ebcarsb

|nb{ aub bk|nbu dccr}kbl wk|n |as`s d|nbu |nai cdgea| d}bua|kdis dusk|ra|kdi |nb{ aub ki ldbs id| ajjdw |nbg |d |a`b ajj ac|kdis |na| wdrjl

idugajj{ eb |a`bi lrukio cdgea| d}bua|kdis wk|n hkubaugs* ri|kj |nbcdi|ac| kixdjxkio lbalj{ hducb ajjdws |nbg |d kik|ka|b d}bua|kdis wk|n

hkubaugs)

\nks alls aid|nbu }udejbg |d d}bua|dus ki |na| sk|ra|kdi) \nb gaki}udejbg ks |nb kssrb ob||kio |nb jbxbj dh sbcruk|{ jbxbj a| |nb gdgbi| dh

|nb cdi|ac| |d eb as cjdsb |d wna| k| wdrjl eb kh |nb d}bua|dus wbub}buhdugkio ajj ac|kdis |d ga`b |ac|kcaj hac|dus ki d}bua|dus/ haxdu ki

cdgea| d}bua|kdis }ukdu |d |nb cdi|ac| as }dsskejb) Ajsd* |nbub ks ai



kssrb dh lbi{kio |nb d}}dibi| hudg ldkio |nb sagb)

A gbasrub |na| sndrjl eb kicdu}dua|bl ks d}bua|dus ebkio ki cdis|ai|s|a|b dh }buhdugkio ac|kdis |d ga`b |ac|kcaj hac|dus ki |nbku haxdu bxbi

ki a idi'd}bua|kdi s|a|b* |d a lboubb |na| ks hbaskejb ki a okxbi idi'd}bua|kdi sk|ra|kdi) Srcn ac|kdi wdrjl kicjrlb |ac|kcaj b~agkia|kdi dh a

okxbi sk|ra|kdi* desbuxa|kdi dh |nb bixkudigbi| |d lb|bc| }dsskejbnds|kjbs* gaibrxbukio ail }dsk|kdikio ki a gaiibu |na| }jacbs |nbg ki a

}dsk|kdi dh alxai|aob* b|c) _k|ndr| d}}dibi|s ebkio lb|bc|bl* kihduga|kdi|d |a`b ebs| cdrusb dh ac|kdi wdrjl eb jkgk|bl ki sk|ra|kdi dr| sklb dh

d}bua|kdis* er| k| s|kjj kicubasbs |nb }udeaekjk|{ dh eb||bu sk|ra|kdiajawaubibss r}di kik|ka|kdi dh d}bua|kdis)

Skg}jb b~ag}jb dh ai d}bua|kdi wk|n hkubaugs kik|ka|bl r}di cdi|ac| wdrjl

eb a ckxkjkai wk|n a cdicbajbl hkubaug ob||kio |nuba|bibl e{ a cukgkiajwk|n lbalj{ hducb ki a s|ubb|* er| |nbub aub gdub cdg}jkca|bl casbs) Grcn

dh |nb |ac|kcaj hac|dus ail ac|kdis |d }r| |ndsb ki d}bua|du/s haxdu kidulbu |d okxb d}bua|dus alxai|aob r}di cdi|ac| cai ebcdgb kuubjbxai| kh

d}bua|dus wbub id| ldkio |ndsb ac|kdis }ukdu |d cdi|ac|) Ail* wk|ndr|cdisklbua|kdi |d |ac|kcs* |nb nailjkio dh |nb cdi|ac| cai baskj{ ebcdgb

dij{ a ga||bu dh wnkcn sklb sndd|s eb||bu) \na| ks dib ubasdi wn{ sdgbsbjh lbhbisb wba}dis cjass naxb cdi|bi|s |na| gds|j{ cdisks|s dh cdgea|

gau`sgaisnk}* ori nailjkio* ail xbu{ urlkgbi|au{ rsb dh }ud|bc|kdidhhbubl e{ bixkudigbi|)

Ndwbxbu* }jaiikio dh d}bua|dus/ sbcruk|{ e{ ubj{kio sdjbj{ di oriibu{

s`kjjs ks id| a sdril a}}udacn) Bxbi ki sk|ra|kdis wnbub ai d}bua|kdi was

kik|ka|bl e{ a sru}uksb cdi|ac|* |nbub cai eb* ail jk`bj{ aub* gai{cdrusb dh ac|kdis |na| wdrjl ga`b |ac|kcaj hac|dus ki haxdu dh |nbd}bua|du ki cdi|ac|)

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Axdklaicb6

D}bua|kdis ebkio kik|ka|bl wnbi d}bua|du ubcdoikvbl a cdi|ac| wnbi |nb

cdi|ac| ks kik|ka|bl e{ |nb d}}dibi|s wdrjl gbai |nb d}}dibi|s jk`bj{naxb |nb alxai|aob) \nb d}bua|du sndrjl gaiaob |nb sk|ra|kdi wk|n

wna|bxbu ubsdrucbs axakjaejb a| |nb gdgbi|) Ndwbxbu* }ukgau{ sbcruk|{s|ua|bo{ uboaulkio |nks |{}b dh sk|ra|kdi ks |d axdkl a cdi|ac| |d ebcdgb

a dib |na| ks cdi|udjjbl e{ d}}dibi|s)

Gds| cdggdi gb|ndl rsbl ail |aron| ks desbuxa|kdi |d lb|bc| d}}dibi|s assddi as }dsskejb) Ndwbxbu* d}}dibi|s wkjj id| ajwa{s eb lb|bc|aejb du

klbi|khkaejb) _nbi oudr} dh }bd}jb aub }ubsbi| wk|n id d}}dibi|skggblka|bj{ klbi|khkaejb* desbuxkio |nbg |d sbb kh |nbku ebnaxkdu ail

a}}bauaicbs ga|cn a }udhkjb cdg}jkbl hudg d}}dibi| ebnaxkdus dua}}bauaicbs) Skg}jb b~ag}jb dh |na| ks gbasrukio a }udeaekjk|{ dh ai

riklbi|khkbl }busdi ebkio a udeebu e{ cdg}aukio |nb a}}bauaicb ail



ebnaxkdu dh |na| srefbc| |d ebnaxkdu du a}}bauaicb b~nkek|bl e{ `idwiudeebus du G)D) Ndwbxbu* |nks ks ibxbu cbu|aki) Ail* |nb `kil dh ac|kdis

ebkio |a`bi easbl di srcn bs|kga|kdi ks jkgk|bl* rsrajj{ bxalb du bsca}b)

Dib gb|ndl |d axdkl |nb sk|ra|kdi ks |d eb rilb|bc|bl) Kh lb|bc|kdi ksid| axdklaejb* |nbi ib~| }jai wdrjl eb |d eb id| klbi|khkaejb as a

|auob|) \na| ga{ ajsd hducb d}}dibi|s |d |a`b gdub ac|kdis |d lb|bc| duklbi|kh{ |nbku |auob|* ail |ndsb ac|kdis ga{ b~}dsb |nbg |d d}bua|dus)

Aid|nbu gb|ndl |d cuba|b a sk|ra|kdi wnbub d}}dibi|s naxb |d |a`b ac|kdi

|na| b~}dsb |nbku klbi|k|{ ki dulbu |d ga`b ai a||ac`) Allkio a }n{skcajeauukbu d}}dibi|s naxb |d eubacn ki dulbu |d naug ai d}bua|du cai hducb

d}}dibi|s |d eb b~}dsbl wnbi |nb eubacn a||bg}| ks galb* er| |na| gb|ndlwdrjl id| eb hbaskejb ki sk|ra|kdis wnbub d}bua|dus ld id| ar|nduk|{ |d

b~cjrskxbj{ cdi|udj |nb auba)

Kh ai ri`idwi }au|{ wnd }d|bi|kajj{ cai ai d}}dibi| ks lb|bc|bl*gaibrxbukio sbb kh |nb srefbc| }rusrb |nb d}bua|dus du a||bg}| |d |a`b

}dsk|kdi dh |ac|kcaj alxai|aob cai ubxbaj |nb srefbc|/s klbi|k|{ duki|bi|kdis) Gaibrxbukio du }dsk|kdikio hdu |ac|kcaj alxai|aob dxbu |nbg

ga{ nbj}* er| |na| nas a uks` dh |nb srefbc|s lb|bugkikio d}bua|dus |d eba |nuba| wnkcn cai |ukoobu a cdri|bu ac|kdi wnbi |nb srefbc| wbub id| ki

hac| nds|kjb) Kh |nb srefbc|s |a`bs ac|kdis srcn a||bg}|kio |d sruudrilai d}bua|du du ejdc`kio a }a|n |na| ubs|ukc|s d}bua|du/s hubbldg |d

bsca}b* |nb ac|kdis cai eb ki|bu}ub| as nds|kjb ki|bi| ail cduubs}dilkioac|kdis cai eb |a`bi) A }udac|kxb ac|kdi di |nb d}bua|du/s }au| |d axdkl

|nb sk|ra|kdi cdi|udjjbl e{ d}}dibi|s cai ga`b |nb d}}dibi|s rsb gdub

irgebu du gdub aooubsskxb ac|kdis wnkcn ga{ frs|kh{ d}bua|dus/ lks}ja{ dursb dh hducb ebhdub d}}dibi|s lbcklb |d rsb du lks}ja{ du rsb |nbkuwba}dis)

A srefbc| ebkio desbuxbl ga`kio ai dxbu| ac|kdi |na| cai eb ki|bu}ub| as

a |nuba| okxbs d}bua|dus wklbu uaiob dh d}|kdis) Rsb dh cduubs}dilkiojbxbj dh hducb* ob||kio wba}dis hudg s|ail'e{ |d ubal{ s|a|rs |na|

lks}ja{s wba}dis ki xkbw* du rsb dh lbalj{ hducb cai eb frs|khkbllb}bilkio di |nb jbxbj dh nds|kjb ac|kdi b~nkek|bl) Kh a cdi|ac| caiid|

eb axdklbl* lbskoi dh sk|ra|kdis ki a gaiibu |na| d}}dibi|s naxb |db~nkek| ac|kdis |na| frs|khkbs d}bua|du/s ubalkibss |d rsb hducb du rsb

dh hducb |d a ibcbssau{ jbxbj hdu d}bua|du/s sbcruk|{* wnkcn rsrajj{gbais jbxbj nkonbu |nai |na| dh |nb d}}dibi|s/* wdrjl eb lbskuaejb)

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Kihduga|kdi $ Sk|ra|kdi awaubibss6

Kihduga|kdi ail b~agkia|kdi uboaulkio |nb sk|ra|kdi wdrjl eb ibblbl |d

lbcklb a }ud}bu cdrusb dh ac|kdi) Bxbi kh |ac|kcaj b~agkia|kdi dh a



sk|ra|kdi |na| s|au|bl r}di cdi|ac| wdrjl id| okxb a sk|ra|kdiajawaubibss as oddl as |na| okxbi e{ |ac|kcaj b~agkia|kdi |na| s|au|bl

}ukdu |d |nb cdi|ac|* bhhkckbi| kihduga|kdi cdjjbc|kdi s}bbl ailbhhkckbi| b~agkia|kdi dh |nb kihduga|kdi r}di kik|ka|kdi dh |nb cdi|ac|

cai uaksb |nb }udeaekjk|{ dh hkilkio }ud}bu cdrusb dh ac|kdi ailubcdoikvb d}|kdis |na| d}bua|dus ga{ id| naxb ìdwi aedr| kh id a||bg}|s

dh |ac|kcaj b~agkia|kdi wbub galb) Ndwbxbu* ndw grcn dh |nb wdu` cai ebldib wdrjl eb jkgk|bl e{ |kgb ail d}}du|rik|{ a okxbi sk|ra|kdi ajjdws)

Srcn bhhkckbic{ cai cdgb hudg }ub}aua|kdi ail }jaiikio hdu srcnd}bua|kdis kik|ka|bl e{ cdi|ac|)

Srcn kihduga|kdi }udcbsskio bhhkckbic{ cai eb kicubasbl e{ ìdwkio wna|

`kil dh kihduga|kdi |na| ks cuk|kcaj ail ndw |d }ukduk|kvb k|) D}bua|dussndrjl axdkl |a`kio ac|kdi wk|ndr| srhhkckbi| kihd aedr| |nb sk|ra|kdi as

grcn as hbaskejb) Sk|ra|kdiaj awaubibss wksb* d}bua|dus aub gdub jk`bj{|d naxb ai kicdg}jb|b kihduga|kdi aedr| |nb sk|ra|kdi cdg}aubl |d wnbi

d}bua|kdi was kik|ka|bl }ukdu |d |nb cdi|ac|) D}bua|dus sndrjl b~agkib|nb sk|ra|kdi as grcn as |kgb ail d}bua|du/s ca}aekjk|{ ajjdws)

Kh ai d}bua|du lbcklbs |d ga`b a lbalj{ hducb ubs}disb dxbu| |d ai{dib

wnd cai desbuxb |nb d}bua|du* |nb d}bua|du sndrjl cdisklbu kh |nb hkon|ks ksdja|bl hudg 3ul }au|{ du d|nbu rilb|bc|bl }au|{/s ki|buxbi|kdi) Ai

dxbu| lbalj{ hducb ac|kdi nas a }dsskekjk|{ dh |ukoobukio ai a||acàoakis| ai d}bua|du e{ 3ul }au|{ du bxbi d}bua|du/s dwi }au|{ wnd

}bucbkxbs |nb d}bua|du as a |nuba| wnbi |nb d}bua|du ks id| ki hac|nds|kjb |d |nbg) B~ag}jb dh casbs ubjbxai| |d |nks casbs wnbub a }jaki

cjd|nbl }djkcb dhhkcbu ki a ori hkon| aoakis| cukgkiajs ebkio snd| e{

d|nbu }djkcb dhhkcbu auukxkio a| |nb scbib wk|n id kihduga|kdi aedr| |nb}jaki cjd|nbl dhhkcbu) A }busdi frs|khkaej{ rskio a ori |d lbhbilkiodibsbjh hudg a cukgkiaj cai eb }bucbkxbl as a }busdi wudiohrjj{

|nuba|bikio aid|nbu }busdi wk|n a ori |d a 3ul }au|{ du }djkcb auukxkioa| |nb auba) Kh |nbub ks |kgb hdu b~agkia|kdi* |nki`kio aedr| wnb|nbu kh

|nb auba d}bua|dus aub ki ks ksdja|bl hudg srcn ki|buxbi|kdi ailhdugrja|kio a }jai accdulkio |d k| wdrjl eb ebibhkckaj) \nbub ks ajsd a

ibbl |d |nki` aedr| ndw |d ubs}dil |d srcn ki|buxbi|kdi wnbi srcnki|buxbi|kdi dccrus)

D}bua|dus sndrjl ajsd eb awaub dh ki|buxbi|kdi hudg }dsskejb d|nbu

d}}dibi|s |nb{ lkl id| kik|kajj{ lb|bc|) Aj|ndron* k| ga{ id| |d eb}dsskejb hdu ai d}bua|du |d ajwa{s lb|bc| bxbu{ d}}dibi| ki |nb auba

d}bua|du ks ki* k| ga{ eb }dsskejb |d id|b }bd}jb ki |nb auba wnd ga{ ebai d}}dibi|* ail hdug a }jai |d cdri|bu }dsskejb |nuba| }ubsbi|bl e{ |nbg

kh |nb{ gaikhbs| srcn |nuba|) D}bua|du |a`kio ac|kdi aoakis| a udeebuudeekio a s|dub cjbu` ga{ id| sbb |nb udeebu/s |bag ga|b ibau e{* ail

|na| |bag ga|b ga{ bxbi eb }dskio as ai kiidcbi| e{'s|ailbu)

Kh ai d}bua|du ki cdi|ac| ldbs id| kggblka|bj{ naxb |d dxbu|j{ ubac|* |nbd}bua|du ga{ naxb ai d}|kdi |d cnddsb a |kgb du du gaibrxbu |d a cbu|aki

}jacb |d ga`b ai dxbu| ac|kdi * sd |na| |nb d}bua|du ail d}bua|du/s|auob| d}}dibi| ks ksdja|bl hudg ai{ d|nbu d}}dibi|s du 3ul }au|{)



\nks ks ajsd kjjrs|ua|bs |nb ibbl hdu d}bua|dus |d b~agkib |nb sk|ra|kdi*as hbaskejb* |d klbi|kh{ ajj }au|kbs kixdjxbl ail |nbku ubja|kdisnk})

Aj|ndron ajj dh |ndsb kihduga|kdi ks id| axakjaejb ki gai{ ckucrgs|aicbs*d}bua|dus naxb a }dsskekjk|{ dh ldkio a wudiohrj ki|buxbi|kdi wk|ndr|

srcn kihduga|kdi)

Ldkio kihduga|kdi cdjjbc|kdi ail b~agkia|kdi dh sruudrilkios as idi'd}bua|kdi sk|ra|kdi ajjdws }ukdu |d cdi|ac| wdrjl lbcubasb |nb agdri| dh

wdu`jdal |na| wdrjl eb ubqrkubl r}di kik|ka|kdi dh d}bua|kdi |ukoobl e{srcn cdi|ac|) Kihduga|kdi }udcbssbl wdrjl kixdjxb |nkios ubja|bl |d

|ac|kcaj hac|dus* srcn as }au|kbs }ubsbi|* auba b~agkia|kdi hdu gaibrxbuail }dsk|kdikio* defbc|s |na| }udxklb }ud|bc|kdi* b|c)

\nks ajsd gbais* rijbss |nbub ks ai kggblka|b ibbl |d ac| d|nbuwksb*

d}bua|dus sndrjl ubgdxb dibsbjh hudg sk|ra|kdi wnbub |nb{ cai ob| ki|dsk|ra|kdi wnbub |nb{ gkon| eb hducbl |d ga`b rsb dh hducb lbckskdi

wk|ndr| naxkio d}}du|rik|{ |d hdug ai kihdugbl lbckskdi wnbi |nb{ubcdoikvb a }d|bi|kaj laiobu ki |nbku auba)

Hdu |nb aedxb gbi|kdibl ubasdis* d}bua|dus ibbl |d |a`b car|kdi uboaulkio

kicklbi|s kixdjxkio 3ul }au|kbs) Bxbi wnbi d}bua|dus aub |u{kio |d nbj} a3ul }au|{* ndw d}bua|dus wkjj eb }bucbkxbl e{ a 3ul }au|{ ks

ri}ublkc|aejb) Bxbi kh d}bua|dus aub id| a||ac`bl e{ 3ul }au|{* |nb 3ul}au|{ cai s|kjj ga`b hajsb accrsa|kdis easbl di wna| |nb{ }bucbkxb)

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Gaibrxbukio ail ]dsk|kdikio cdisklbua|kdis6

Kh |nbub was a cdi|kirdrs bixkudigbi|aj b~agkia|kdi ebkio ldib }ukdu |d

cdi|ac|* |na| kihduga|kdi wdrjl eb rsbl |d b~bcr|b ai bxaskxb gaibrxbu du}dsk|kdikio ki }dki| dh alxai|aob wk|n }ud|bc|kdi defbc|s) Er|* wk|ndr|

srcn b~agkia|kdi ebkio ldib }ukdu |d cdi|ac|* du kh |nb kihduga|kdi kskisrhhkckbi| bxbi kh |nbub was ai b~agkia|kdi* ai d}bua|du ki cdi|ac|

wdrjl naxb |d b~bcr|b ai bxaskxb gaibrxbu kh |nb d}bua|du ks ki |nb d}bi)Kh |nbub aub defbc|s |na| cai }ud|bc| |nb d}bua|du* d}bua|du ga{ naxb |d

gaibrxbu |d rsb |nb dib |na|/s kggblka|bj{ axakjaejb hdu }ud|bc|kdi hduhas|bs| ubs}disb) \na| ga{ okxb |nb d}bua|du |nb d}}du|rik|{ |d ubs}dil

|d |nb kik|kaj a||ac`* ail d}}du|rik|{ |d hru|nbu b~agkib |nb sk|ra|kdi|d lbcklb ib~| cdrusb dh ac|kdi)

Kh |a`kio |kgb |d b~agkib |nb sk|ra|kdi ks hbaskejb* d}bua|du cai hru|nbu

bxajra|b wnkcn auba |na| nas }ud|bc|kdi defbc|s wdrjl eb a eb||bu cndkcb)Sdgb dh |ndsb auba wdrjl naxb gdub accbss |d bsca}b udr|b* ail sdgb dh

|ndsb auba wdrjl }udxklb gdub }ud|bc|kdi hudg wklbu uaiob dh lkubc|kdiwnkjb ebkio a lbal bil)



Kh ai d}bua|du ks ki ai d}bi auba wk|n d}}dibi|s ki cjdsb }ud~kgk|{* k|ga{ eb hbaskejb hdu |nb d}bua|du gaibrxbu ki a gaiibu |na| dib d}}dibi|

ks des|urc|kio aid|nbu d}}dibi|/s jkib dh skon|* ejdc`kio ori hkub)'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

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_ba}di ki s|aile{ du ubal{ }dsk|kdi6

_nbi d}bua|dus lbaj wk|n d}bua|kdis id| kik|ka|bl }ukdu |d a cdi|ac| wk|nai d}}dibi|* |nb{ wkjj jk`bj{ naxb wba}dis ki cdilk|kdis |na| wdrjl |a`b

jdiobu |d eukio k| ki|d hkukio }dsk|kdi) S|aile{ s|a|b* srcn as }ks|djkisklb a ndjs|bu* wdrjl eb wna| wba}dis wdrjl eb ki }ukdu |d kik|ka|kdi

dh d}bua|kdis)

Kh d}bua|dus ga`b ai assbssgbi| |na| |nb{ cai ob| |nbku wba}dis ki hkukio}dsk|kdi ail aejb |d ubs}dil bhhbc|kxbj{* bxbi wk|n |nb jbio|nbibl |kgb*

|nbi |nbub ks id| grcn |d cnaiob hudg d|nbu d}bua|kdi cdilk|kdis)Ndwbxbu* |nks ldbs id| cnaiob |nb ibbl hdu d}bua|dus |d |a`b d|nbu

ac|kdis* srcn as bxaskxb gaibrxbu du r|kjkvkio defbc|s |na| }udxklbs}ud|bc|kdi |d ga`b d}}dibi|/s ac|kdi jbss bhhbc|kxb du |a`b jdiobu |kgb

|d accdg}jksn)

\nb kssrb ks ndw grcn bhhdu| sndrjl eb hdcrsbl di ob||kio |nb wba}di ki

hkukio }dsk|kdi) Kh ai d}bua|du caiid| ob| dib/s wba}di ki hkukio}dsk|kdi has| bidron |d s|d} ai d}}dibi|/s bhhbc|kxb a||ac` e{ hdcrskioki oriibu{ a||ac` ajdib* |nb d}bua|du ga{ naxb |d |nki` dh sdgb d|nbu

d}|kdis)

Ki cbu|aki ckucrgs|aicbs* ai d}bua|du cai nkilbu ai d}}dibi| hudg ob||kioa ori ki|d hkukio }dsk|kdi has|bu |nbi |nb d}bua|du cai eukio dib/s

wba}di |d hkukio }dsk|kdi) Ail* |na| ga{ ob| |nb d}bua|du allk|kdiaj |kgb|d ob| a wba}di ki hkukio }dsk|kdi) D}bua|dus ga{ naxb |d rsb }n{skcaj

gbais d|nbu |nai oris |d lksur}| |nb d}}dibi|/s a||ac` a||bg}| ki dulbu|d ob| ai d}}du|rik|{ |d ob| a ori ki hkukio }dsk|kdi* du rsb |nb d|nbu

gbais dh a||ac` |d kica}ack|a|b |nb d}}dibi| kh k| ks a gdub bhhbc|kxbd}|kdi) \kgb ail lks|aicb ga{ ajjdw ai d}bua|du |d rsb bxaskxb gaibrxbu

ail oriibu{ |d ubs}dil* bxbi wk|n a lbja{bl ubs}disb) Er|* kh |nbd}}dibi| ks ki xbu{ cjdsb }ud~kgk|{* }n{skcajj{ ejdc`kio ai d}}dibi|/s

a||bg}| |d ob| a wba}di ki hkukio }dsk|kdi du }dki|kio a| |nb d}bua|duga{ eb ldib gdub qrkc`j{ |nai |u{kio |d ob| |nb d}bua|du/s wba}di ki

hkukio }dsk|kdi* ail |na| ga{ ajsd cuba|b ai d}}du|rik|{ hdu d}bua|du |dob| dib/s wba}di ki }dsk|kdi |d hkub)

Kh |nbub aub ai{ gbais |na| wdrjl lksur}| ai d}}dibi|/s a||ac` |na| cai

eb rsbl wk|ndr| nkilbukio bhhbc|kxb ubs}disb* k| sndrjl eb |a`bi) \na|ga{ kicjrlb |nudwkio rsbjbss defbc|s ajubal{ ki nail a| ai d}}dibi|*

`idc`kio defbc|s dxbu* b|c)



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combat operations with firearms volume 2 chapter 3 execution release 2011 12 22

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