community energy in scotland - comuni rinnovabili...wind < 1.5kw wind 1.5kw - 15kw wind 15kw -...
TRANSCRIPT
Community Energy in Scotland where from, where to, where else and
where next?
Georgy Davis
Community Energy Scotland
Pesaro, May 2015
1
Scotland, Key facts...
• Population > 5 million
• Scottish Parliament established 1998 • Energy policies lie with UK gov but
planning and environmental legislation is devolved to Scotland
• Ambitious renewable energy targets • 25% of Europe’s wind resource
• Fuel Poverty is a major issue
• Over 600 community energy installations
• > 35MW of installed capacity • Income and affordable energy
for Local people >> £5 million per year
• Further 180MW of community owned projects in various stages of development
• Scottish Government has set Community and locally owned RE target of 500MW by 2020
Where we are today...
2002
2008
2004
2006
2012
2010
2014
Community Energy Unit
Where we have come from...
Started out as a unit with a Regional (Highlands and Islands) Development Agency
2002
2008
2004
2006
2012
2010
2014
Community Energy Unit
Highlands and Islands
Community Energy Company
As the community energy sector grew we became a subsidiary company
2002
2008
2004
2006
2012
2010
2014
Community Energy Unit
Highlands and Islands
Community Energy Company
Community Energy
Scotland
Eventually became an independent body in 2008
• Independent Scottish charity
• 19 staff spread across Scotland, inc Orkney and Western Isles
• Over 400 members - mostly non-profit distributing community groups.
• Supported over 600 community energy installations in Scotland (and over 100 in Malawi)
Community Energy Scotland
Our Mission “To build confidence, resilience and wealth at community level
through sustainable energy development”
Support Tools Provided to the Sector P
RIM
AR
Y S
UP
PO
RT
SUPPORT PROVISION SUPPORT TOOL
Knowledge and Skills Transfer 1:1 Mentoring
Written Resources
Networking/ Exchange visits
Training Events
Financial Grant Delivery and Access
Loan Delivery and Access
Monitoring, Evaluation, Servicing &
Troubleshooting
Monitoring
Servicing
SEC
ON
DA
RY
SU
PP
OR
T
SUPPORT PROVISION SUPPORT TOOL
Financial
(Creation)
Engaging Financiers
Fundraising / Funding
applications
Public Sector Lobbying
Networking
Legislation and Policy
Planning
Communication Media
Exploit technical Innovation &
opportunities
Review / trial innovations
Technical networking
2002
2008
2004
2006
2012
2010
2014
Highlands and Islands
Community Energy Company
Community Energy
Scotland
Land Reform Act Scotland
Community Energy Unit
Renewable Obligation Certificate
2002
2008
2004
2006
2012
2010
2014
Highlands and Islands
Community Energy Company
Community Energy
Scotland
Land Reform Act Scotland
First Income Generating Community Energy
Project – Isle of Gigha
Community Energy Unit
Renewable Obligation Certificate
2002
2008
2004
2006
2012
2010
2014
Community Energy Unit
First Income Generating Community Energy
Project – Isle of Gigha
Land Reform Act Scotland
Scottish Community and Renewable Energy Initiative (Government Funding)
HIE funding
Lottery Funding
Community and Renewable Energy Scheme (Government Funding)
Community
Energy Scotland
Renewable Obligation Certificate
Highlands and Islands
Community Energy Company
2002
2008
2004
2006
2012
2010
2014
Community Energy Unit
First Income Generating Community Energy
Project – Isle of Gigha
Land Reform Act Scotland
Scottish Community and Renewable Energy Initiative (Government Funding)
HIE funding
Lottery Funding
Community and Renewable Energy Scheme (Government Funding)
Community
Energy Scotland
Renewable Obligation Certificate
Highlands and Islands
Community Energy Company
First commercial lending to CRE project
ROC banding
2002
2008
2004
2006
2012
2010
2014
Community Energy Unit
First Income Generating Community Energy
Project – Isle of Gigha
Land Reform Act Scotland
Scottish Community and Renewable Energy Initiative (Government Funding)
HIE funding
Lottery Funding
Community and Renewable Energy Scheme (Government Funding)
Community
Energy Scotland
Renewable Obligation Certificate
Highlands and Islands
Community Energy Company
First commercial lending to CRE project
ROC banding
Feed in Tariff
2002
2008
2004
2006
2012
2010
2014
Community Energy Unit
First Income Generating Community Energy
Project – Isle of Gigha
Land Reform Act Scotland
Scottish Community and Renewable Energy Initiative (Government Funding)
HIE funding
Lottery Funding
Community and Renewable Energy Scheme (Government Funding)
Community
Energy Scotland
Scottish Government Target of 500MW locally owned RE by 2020
Community Energy Strategy published by UK Government
Renewable Obligation Certificate
ROC
banding
Feed in Tariff
First commercial lending to CRE project
Highlands and Islands
Community Energy Company
Where we are & Drivers for Innovation
Lead time for major transmission
upgrade in Scotland is c 7 years
Reinforcement only triggered
when generators willing to pay
upfront cost
Small generators can’t afford
reinforcement costs
1 phase limited to 90kW
generation connections
Difficult to upgrade due to cost
(c.10 million km of single phase
OHL)
1. Transmission & Distribution
Constraints
3 Phase 11kV
1 Phase 11kV
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Wind < 1.5kW Wind 1.5kW - 15kW Wind 15kW - 100kW Wind 100kW - 500kW Wind 500kW - 1.5MW Wind > 1.5MW
FiT
rate
(p
/kW
h)
Wind FIT Degression April 2010 - March 2015
1 April 2010 to 31 March 2012 1 April 2012 to 30 November 2012 1 December 2012 to 31 March 2014
1 April 2014 to 31 March 2015 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2014
Drivers for Innovation 2. Feed in Tariff Degression
Drivers for Innovation 3. Rising Fuel Costs and Fuel Poverty
Solid fuels 0%
Gas 28%
Electricity 20%
Liquid fuels 3%
Vehicle fuels & lubricants
49%
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
2014 prices
Heating Oil (£/1000 L)
Consumers’ Expenditure on
Energy 2011 prices
Local Energy Economies - Concept
National
Grid
Local supply Local
generation
Local
demand
Energy Energy Energy
Cash flow
Local Finance
(community
ownership)
H2
Potential benefits of grid innovation
1. Accelerate grid access
2. Create new fuels for affordable heat and transport
3. Increase value of renewable generation
4. Increase local economic benefits
22
Grid Innovation Demonstration Projects
Community microgrid Applecross District Heating
Network Constraint
Smart Heating Demand
Community
Hydro- Scheme
Po
we
r Fl
ow
Community Owned Distribution
Network
90kW
50kW grid
connection
Public Distribution
Network
Smart Heating Control
Communication Link
Demand Side Management Orkney Electric Vehicles
Network Constraint Controllable
Energy
Demand
Energy
Generation
Pow
er F
low
900kW
900kW
(non-firm)
Energy storage Gigha Battery
Network Constraint
Energy
Generation
Pow
er F
low
1.26MWhVanadium Flow
battery
330kW
225kW
Captures Constrained
Energy
Allows Gigha to run
as a μgrid
Provides Stabilization
for local Wind
Turbines
Conclusions - Innovation
1. Innovative grid solutions are a practical requirement for increasing community energy generation
2. Policy integration and wider regulatory change is required to implement more widely
3. Local grid ownership and management boost community empowerment and local social and economic development.
Where else...?
Community Energy Development Programme Malawi
Malawi, Key facts...
• Population > 13 million
• Gained independence from Britain ~50 years ago
• Strong links between Scotland and
Malawi • Ranked 153 out of 169 countries on
the UN Human Development Index • 9% of population have access to
electricity
o
• 46 needs based community owned and operated projects in place (over 100 systems)
• Over 20,000 direct beneficiaries • Social enterprises created to
support ongoing operation and maintenance of systems
• Monitoring and Evaluation framework in place
Achievements
• Community ownership at the core
• Peer to peer capacity building and social
enterprise development
• Community Renewable Energy Toolkit
• New organisation established as an exit strategy to provide ongoing support and development
Innovations for Malawi
• Partnership working (Scotland and Malawi), Academia, Third sector, Private sector and Government
