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Fraunhofer FOKUSCompetence Center NGNI

6º Workshop Internacional SENAI - Automação e TIC, 17 de julho, Florianopolis/SC

How Cloud Computing and Cloud Brokering technologies help telecommunication service providers and enterprises to efficiently and economically optimize their IT and service platforms and service delivery models

Dipl.-Ing. Florian Schreiner

Fraunhofer Institute FOKUS

Competence Center Next Generation Network Infrastructures (NGNI)

Address: Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31 D-10589 Berlin, Germany

Internet: www.fokus.fraunhofer.de/go/ngni

Email: [email protected]


� Introduction to Cloud Computing

� Cloud Deployment Models

� Cloud Service Models

� Cloud Brokerage

� Cloud Computing Risks and Comparison of Deployment Models

� Recommendations for Telco Operators, Enterprises and SMEs to optimize their IT and service platforms and service delivery model

� Summary

Agenda


What is Cloud Computing

� Wikipedia: “Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computingand storage capacity as a service to a heterogeneous community of end-recipients.”

� No consensus exists for a clear definition of “cloud computing”.

� Definitely the most hyped concept in IT right now.

� Nowadays, pretty much everything on the internet comes with a cloud logo attached.

� All definitions share an idea as a nucleus: Cloud computing is when resources are accessed from a virtual online “cloud” rather than locally provisioned infrastructure (data centers, desktop machines, …)

� Term originates from the internet popularly being drawn as “a cloud” in many publications.


A bit of History – Timesharing Systems

� In the 1960’s computers where still huge, expensive machines (now called main frames).

� However, computing power had evolved to a point where it became viable to run several jobs (of several users) at the same time on a single machine

� Users logged in to a remote server from individual terminals (newspeak: thin clients)

� Actual computing is donecentrally somewhere in a cellar

� Visualized by a (comparatively)cheap user terminal

� Prime Example: IBM 360


A bit of History – Enter the PC

� The 1970’s: Computing power continues to surge, Moore’s law applies

� Contrary to popular believe, Moore’s law does not state that every 18 month computers become twice as powerful.

� It much rather says that every 18 months, we can produce twice as much transistors for the same price.

� This lead to a situation where it became not only viable but even much cheaper to provide every user with his own computing environment rather than having a big machine in the cellar.

� Computers also became viable for people withoutaccess to a main frame (The “P” in PC)

� Beauty and power combined: Commodore PET


A bit of History – The Internet Age

� PCs of course also got stronger and stronger over time.

� Up to a point where most normal PCs capabilities are utilized less than 1% on average

� --> massive over provisioning

� At the same time, people tend to own more devices which creates the issue of syncing data between them

� Situation is the same if not worse for commercial providers

� Imagine a big online retailer:

� More than 75% of business occurs in the pre-christmas period

� Must have huge amounts of computing power ready for this period which will be mostly idle during the rest of the year

� --> massive over provisioning

� In general, we have the same situation as in the pre-PC age: One big box could do the work of thousands of users.


The logical next Step in the Evolution: Cloud Computing

� Interesting question: Why do we buy computers at all when all we want is computing power? After all, when we want electricity, we don’t buy ourselves a power plant.

� Economics of scale apply as well: somebody who is specialized in hosting computers can do it much cheaper than someone who actually does something completely different and just happens to need some computational capacity.


The logical next Step in the Evolution: Computing as a Service

Idea: Why not sell computing power as an “utility” like gas, water, electricity.

� Not really new. People envisioned that already in the main frame age

� Main problem here was: how do we transport the data?

� This problem is pretty much solved with ubiquitous broad band internet connections

� “…computing may someday be organized as a public utility just as the telephone system is a public utility...” (John McCarthy, 1961)


What is a cloud and what is merely server hosting?

• The term „Cloud“ nowadays is used for many infrastructures and services, where also legacy server hosting offerings are called a „Cloud“, although in our understanding theydo not deserve it.

Customer Hoster Users

purchase / leasehosted server use service

fixed price,fixed capacity

$

Server Load




Customer Hoster Users

purchase / leasehosted server use service

fixed price,fixed capacity

$

NO CLOUD!




Customer Cloud Provider Users

purchase / leaseon demand capacity use service

variable price,variable capacity

$

Load




Customer Cloud Provider Users

purchase / leaseon demand capacity use service

variable price,variable capacity

Server LoadELASTIC CLOUD

Advantages: No Overprovisioning required, Pay-as-you-go / Pay-per-use costmodels, no Scalability problems / outages on overload. Cost savings!


Virtualization & elastic cloud computing for private IT infrastructures

• Also for local, e.g. enterprise-wide IT infrastructures, virtualization and elastic cloudcomputing mechanisms provide significant advantages!

Management & Security

Networks

Enterprise / CorporateApplications Intranet Internet

VPN

Mailserver

Corporate IT Infrastructure

Content MgmtFileserver

Customer Mgmt

Web Servers




Corporate CloudInfrastructure


Networks

Enterprise / CorporateApplications

Intranet Internet

VPN

Mailserver


Customer Mgmt

Web Servers

Virtualization & Elasticity

Compute Network Storage




Corporate CloudInfrastructure


Networks

Enterprise / CorporateApplications

Intranet Internet

VPN

Mailserver


Customer Mgmt

Web Servers

Virtualization & Elasticity

Compute Network StorageAdvantages: Efficient Resource Usage, High Flexibility and Scalability. Cost savings!


Cloud Bursting for on-peak outsourcing of resources

• Especially when enterprise services are offered to external customers, high load / peak-load situations sometimes occur where the local resources get overloaded.

External / Public Cloud

on overload / peakuse externalcloud resources

Advantages: Usually required overprovisioning to cope with peak loads (i.e. rare situations of high demand) is not needed. Cost savings, no overload.

temporaryIncrease ofcapacity





� Cloud Brokerage



� Summary

Agenda


24

Private, Public and Hybrid Clouds

� Private clouds are usuallycreated by enterprises that areconsolidating their internal ITinfrastructures through cloudcomputing mechanisms.Improved scalability andefficiency usually is achievedby significant up-frontinvestments.

Private Cloud

�Hybrid clouds are acombination of private andpublic clouds. Eitherpermanently or for coping withpeak load situations resourcescan be outsourced to thepublic cloud on demand. Thisallows significant reduction oftypically overprovisionedresources.

Hybrid Cloud

� Public, external clouds likeAmazon’s EC2 provide cloudresources over the publicinternet. Typically theseresources are dynamicallyscaled by the cloud platformprovider and charged on apay-per-use basis.

Public Cloud

Internet

Private Cloud

Internet

Public Cloud

Internet

Public Cloud

Private Cloud


Cloud Computing – Players and Roles

� Cloud Enablers

� Companies that enable the underlying infrastructure for cloud computing

� Typically focused on data center automation and server virtualization

� Cloud Providers

� Companies with the budget and know-how to build large-scale computing environments

� Cloud Consumers

� End-users that use cloud based services directly

� Service provider companies that deploy their service within a cloud infrastructure and resell them to end-users


Important Cloud Computing Mechanisms

Virtualization Virtual instances / slices are created based on the physical underlying resources(servers, storage and network), e.g. several Virtual Machines (VMs) can dynamicallybe created, booted and shut down based on a single physical server

Metering / Elasticity

Based on monitored resource consumption / usage, resources can dynamically bescaled up and down, charged and billed. The basis for pay-per-use cost models

Security As with public and hybrid cloud deployments, data is stored externally securitymechanisms play a critical role.

Multi-tenancy Multiple users can use the same cloud-based services in parallel. Apart fromimproved efficiency (e.g. central, single software updates), this feature enablesintersting collaboration services (e.g. Google Docs)

Cloud Enablersand Tools

As usually legacy applications are not cloud ready (i.e. do not elastically scale), several cloud platforms provide essential cloud application building blocks (e.g. interfaces to dynamically scalable databases), easening the effort for developers tomake an application cloud-ready (e.g. PaaS platforms)





� Cloud Brokerage



� Summary

Agenda


Cloud Service Models

� Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

� The most basic model. Cloud IaaS providers offer computers (usually as VMs), raw block storages and access to networks

� Examples: Amazon EC2, Rackspace

� Platform as a Service (PaaS)

� PaaS offers readily available computing including operating system, programming language execution environment, database, and web server.

� Examples: Google AppEngine, Microsoft Azure

� Software as a Service (SaaS)

� SaaS offers (usually web-based) access to whole applications, usually geared towards end users

� Examples: Google Apps, every webmail provide


� Risks of Siri:

– When the mobile end-device is out of coverage, Siri does not work

� Strengths of Siri:

– To improve / upgrade / update Siri, mainly only upgrades / updates on the server / network side are involved – automatic security upgrades, new versions

– Siri automatically scales with increased load

– Siri is highly access device independent (works on Desktops, iPads and iPhones can use it).

� The future is Browser-based! Anytime, anywhere – ANY DEVICE!)

� HTML 5 and WebRTC currently show the full potential!

– Microsoft is working on a Browser-based Skype! Skype will be tightly integrated into your Facebook, Youtube, Twitter account!

– Thin Clients will be powered by cloud-based services in the back-end (Siri, RemoteDesktop, etc.)

Example: Siri a SaaS speech recognition service by Apple

Formerly client-/pc-/desktop-/notebook- based applications, demanding sever computational powers, can easily run on network, allowing full access device independence, full synchronization of ALL end-devices at all times!





� Cloud Brokerage



� Summary

Agenda


� When computing capacity is just a commodity like water or electricity, can we flexibly buy this commodity from several vendors at the same time, depending on who has the best offer?

� Of course. But what defines the “best” offer?

� Optimal Quality of Service (Performance and Connectivity) at the best price

Main goal of Cloud brokers:

• Provide Elasticity

• Minimize Cloud Resources / Costs ($$)

• Ensure QoS/SLA levels

Cloud Brokers

Cloud Broker

VMVM

VMVM

VMVM

VMVM

VMVM

VMVM

User

Cloud Providers


QoS and Network aware Cross-domain Cloud BrokerageFraunhofer FOKUS‘ Cloud Broker

• The FOKUS Cloud Broker allows for flexible in-and outsourcing of Telco SDPs and services

• The choice of Cloud Providers in terms of costs and QoS is dynamically optimized:

• Based on current demand the up-/down-scaling of cloud-resources is dynamically controlled and optimized

• Based on QoS and costs services are dynamically migrated between different cloud providers and cloud platforms

• Thereby QoS-levels are assured and resource consumption is optimized

CloudProvider

CloudProvider

CloudProvider Cloud

Provider

FOKUS Cloud Broker

2G/3G LTE/LTE-AWIFI/ WIMAX

Wireless Core Network

LAN/WAN DSL

Fixed Core Network

$$$ QoS?

Elasticity

Migration





� Cloud Brokerage



� Summary

Agenda


Cloud Computing - Risks

� Lack of Trust and Security mechanisms are the most important issue with using public clouds. As sensible data is stored externally, a high level of security mechanisms (e.g. encryption, data integrity, recovery in case of a disaster, access control and privacy) needs to be in place.

� Availability and connectivity problems have sever impact on the usability of a cloud provider‘s platform. As soon as there are outages either on the network level oron the resource level, cloud-based services can not be used / provided.

� Cloud Provider Lock-ins prevent services to be easily deployed on different cloudplatforms. Different, proprietary cloud management interfaces as well as cloud platformspecific tools and service enablers in many cases make it difficult to migrate a servicefrom one public cloud platform to another.


Public Cloud PrivateCloud

Hybrid Cloud Traditional IT Infrastr.

Initial Investments

Low High Medium High

Running Costs Medium Low Medium Medium/High

Security Low withoutspecialmechanisms

High Medium High

Service Quality

Low withoutspecialmechanisms

High Medium High

Comparison of deployment models





� Cloud Brokerage



� Summary

Agenda


� Cloud computing mechanisms are revolutionizing internet as well as

telecommunication service provider's platforms and services

� With a steadily growing number of cloud computing providers

telecommunication service providers are more and more having the free

choice of dynamically selecting and utilizing cloud resources from

different cloud computing providers.

� Cloud Brokers allow for efficient and economic resource utilization across cloud provider platforms providing means for assuring the Quality of Service

� Telecommunication service providers will more and more use this opportunity to flexibly outsource their service platforms to managed and hosted, cloud-based platforms, turning CAPEX into OPEX, only paying for actual compute power utilization

� On the contrary, there are already several telecommunication operators, whooffer their own cloud platform to 3rd parties (e.g. Deutsche Telekom Cloud), creating a Marketplace for cloud-based Enterprise services! In order to be able to compete with global players these Enterprise services needto be tailored to the local market.

Recommendations for Telcos


� Startup should check current IaaS/SaaS offerings, it is likely that an own IT infrastructure is not needed!

� There are many commodity enterprise services already on the market! By using SaaSservices, no server infrastructure is needed, no operational costs:

– Cloud-based internal web server platform

– Cloud-based enterprise/corporate e-mail servers

– Cloud-based file-sharing (e.g. DropBox, iCloud, etc.)

– Cloud-based corporate-wide fileservers

– Cloud-based collaborative tools (e.g. text, voice, video, desktop-sharing conferencing systems)

– Cloud-based Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Tools/Suites for corporations and enterprises

– Cloud-based Content Management Systems (CMS) for corporations and enterprises

Recommendations for Enterprises and SMEs

For start-ups and enterprises, the pay-per-use cost models for using corporate applications, allows controlled pricing models and easy market entry!


� Opportunities to trial and roll-out new services deployed on public cloud platforms that provide pay-as-you-go Web and telecommunication services should be checked

� Many software solutions which were formally / currently based on private IT infrastructures and networks, will move to the cloud in the mid-term!

� No up-front investments into local IT infrastructures should be made as long as service uptake / success is unclear.

� Costs of local IT infrastructure should be compared with cloud offerings!

� Closed cloud infrastructures (PaaS tools, cloud management interfaces) should be handled with care to prevent cloud provider lock-ins!

� Rather service providers should try to exploit the competition in the cloud provider market (see SpotOn), to save further costs!

� Emerging cloud brokering solutions, at every given moment in time, select the optimal cloud resource provider / platform in terms of costs and QoS. This will increase the competition in the cloud provider market, which is only useful for their customers.

Recommendations for Service Providers

Service Providers can roll-out your service anytime, risk free!On service takes up, cloud mechanisms dynamically scale to customer’s demand!





� Cloud Brokerage



� Summary

Agenda


� Cloud computing mechanisms and platforms are revolutionizing the IT landscape

� Cloud computing enables partial as well as full outsourcing of IT infrastructures

� The full uptake of public cloud computing capabilities is mainly determined by limitations of network capabilities, depending on the location

� The cloud provider / cloud platform market is rapidly growing

� Enterprises should carefully analyze P/I/SaaS options

� Cloud brokering mechanisms help to dynamically select the optimal cloud platform / service in terms of costs and service quality

� By moving to the cloud enterprises can benefit from pay-per-usecloud offerings, significantly lowering upfront investments andenabling optimized resource utilization

Summary


3nd FOKUS Future Seamless Communication Forum (FFF)

Berlin, Germany, November 15-16, 2012

� Theme: “Convergence of Human-to-Human and Machine-to-Machine Communications within Emerging Open Smart City ICT Infrastructures – Using Open APIs, RCS, IMS, MTC, EPC, and LTE as Enablers for Emerging Future Internet Application Domains”

� FUSECO FORUM is the successor of the famous FOKUS IMS Workshop series

– FFF 2010 attracted 150 experts from 21 nations

– FFF 2011 was attended by around 200 experts from 30 nations

� See www.fuseco-forum.org/2012 for details


Obrigado pela atenção de todos!

www.OpenEPC.net www.FUSECO-Playground.org


Questions


Fraunhofer Testbeds / Playgrounds

www.opensoaplayground.org

www.FUSECO-Playground.org


� State of the art testbed infrastructure as a cooperation of Berlin’s Next Generation Mobile Network expertise for

– Open IMS for H2H communications

– OpenMTC for M2M communications

– OpenEPC for seamless access

– Various access network technologies

� Enabling to prototype application support for

– handover optimization acrossheterogeneous networks

– support for Always Best Connected (ABC)

– subscriber profile based servicepersonalization

– QoS provisioning and related charging

– controlled access to IMS-based services

– controlled access to Internet/Mobile Clouds

� More information:

Future Seamless Communication (FUSECO) Playground


Exploring Services Composition - Open SOA Telco Playground

Enabling seamless Services across different Networks and Service Domains

www.opensoaplayground.org


� Global reference for IMS test-beds

� In November 2006 the FOKUS Open Source IMS (OSIMS) Core System - the core of the Open IMS playground - has been officially released to the general public via the BerliOS Open Source portal

www.openimscore.org� OSIMS allows industry and

academic institutions to setup own testbeds (with or without FOKUS support and components)

� Since then OSIMS has been downloaded many thousand times from all over the world

See also www.open-ims.org

Note: IMS Client shown is MyMonster –see www.opensoaplayground.org/tcs

Open Source IMS Core System


The new FOKUS OpenMTC Platform

� Based on the success of the Open IMS Core and OpenEPC Fraunhofer FOKUS has developed a NON-OPEN SOURCE Machine Type Communication platform, enabling academia and industry to:

– integrate various machine devices with operator networks

– integrate various application platforms and services

into a single local testbed, thus lowering own development costs

� OpenMTC is an intermediary layer between multiple service platforms, the operator network, and devices

� This platform can be used to perform R&D in the fields of machine type communication

� OpenMTC implemented features are aligned with ETSI M2M specifications:

– Adaptable to different M2M scenarios (e.g. automotive)

– Extensible to specific research needs

– Configurable

– Performant

– For more see wwww.open-MTC.org


The FOKUS OpenEPC Platform

� In future mobile broadband communications multi-access network support (incl. fixed & cable) and multi application domain support (OTT, IMS, P2P, M2M, Cloud etc.) will become key for service delivery

� Based on the success of the Open IMS Core, Fraunhofer FOKUS has developed a NON-OPEN SOURCE EPC platform, enabling academia and industry to

– integrate various network technologies and

– integrate various application platforms

into a single local testbed, thus lowering own development costs

� This platform can be used to perform R&D in the fields of

– QoS, Charging, Mobility, Security, Management, Monitoring

� OpenEPC implemented features are based on 3GPP

specifications:

– adaptable to different deployments

– extensible to specific research needs

– configurable

– high performance

For more see: www.OpenEPC.net


Contact

Florian Schreiner

Dipl. Ing.

Group Leader Integrated Service Architectures

Next Generation Network Infrastructures

Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems

Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31 | 10589 Berlin | Germany

Phone +49 30 3463 -7174 | Fax -8000

[email protected]

www.fokus.fraunhofer.de/go/ngni

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