confederate general robert e. lee surrendered to american...
TRANSCRIPT
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Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to American General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
The Civil War ends in April of 1865
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Abraham Lincoln
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Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address stated that, “no state…can lawfully get out of the Union”, but pledged there would be no war unless the South started it.
“no State upon its own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union; that
resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally
void… I therefore consider that in
view of the Constitution and the laws the Union is
unbroken” 88
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Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address Primarily addressed to the people of the South and was intended to succinctly state Lincoln’s intended policies and desires toward that section, where seven states had seceded from the Union.
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Robert E. Lee
Ulysses S. Grant
The Famous Generals of the Civil War The Confederacy (South) The Union (North)
Stonewall Jackson
William Tecumseh Sherman
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Robert E. Lee
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Stonewall Jackson
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Anaconda Plan
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Battle of Antietam First major battle of the Civil War to take place on Union
soil.
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Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, setting all slaves in the Confederate states free.
Yet, because in 1863 the war was still being fought, not a single slave was freed. Still, many slaves knew about the Proclamation and began to do their part to see that the Confederacy was defeated. 87
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Emancipation Proclamation
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The Battle of Gettysburg, July1-3,1863, was the turning point in the Civil War where Lee’s army is defeated.
Hey, baby. Wanna check out my severed leg?
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Gettysburg Address Site of the Battle of Gettysburg – July, 1863
President Lincoln gives a speech to dedicate a cemetery to the men who died there and to encourage Americans to finish the war. 91
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Battle of Gettysburg
Largest number of casualties in the Civil War
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Battle of Vicksburg A long land and naval campaign by Union forces to capture a
key strategic position during the Civil War.
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Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address(1865) was meant to help heal and restore the country after four years of Civil
War. It stated the South should be treated fairly with justice and kindness when they return to the Union.
With malice [hatred] toward none, with charity for all,…let us strive on to…bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him
who shall have borne the battle and…to do all
which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves…
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Fort Wagner Assault
The 54thh Massachusetts was one of the 1st
African-American regiments organized to fight for the Union in the Civil War.
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William Carney
1st African American to be awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his acts of bravery in the assault on Fort Wagner.
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Julia Ward Howe
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William Tecumseh Sherman General for the Union Army recognized for his harsh military strategy
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Philip Bazaar Born in Chile, South America he was a Navy seaman who was awarded the United
States’ highest military decoration for valor in combat during the Civil War.
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Appomattox Court House
• Civil War ended with a Union victory when Lee surrendered to Grant.
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1862- provided each state with federal land, land was to be sold to establish public colleges
Morril Act
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1862- signed by Lincoln, 160 acres of government land granted to settler if land was improved with home, crops, etc. Resulted in a large number of
European immigrants
Homestead Act
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The Assassination of President Lincoln
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CandidatesJohn Quincy Adams (R)Andrew Jackson (D-R)Henry Clay (D-R)
John Q. Adams (Whig)Andrew Jackson (Dem)
Henry Clay (Whig)Andrew Jackson (Dem)
William H. Harrison (Whig)Martin Van Buren (Dem)
William H. Harrison (Whig)Martin Van Buren (Dem)
Outcome
6th PresidentJohn Q. Adams (D-R)VP: John C. Calhoun
7th PresidentAndrew Jackson (Dem)VP: John C. Calhoun
7th PresidentAndrew Jackson (Dem)VP: Martin Van Buren
8th PresidentMartin Van Buren (Dem)VP: Richard Johnson
9th PresidentWilliam H. Harrison (Whig)VP: John Tyler (Whig ticket)
Details
Andrew Jackson won the popular vote, but not the majority. House of Reps had to decide the winner. Henry Clay dropped out and backed Adams.John Q. Adams wins and names Clay his Secretary of State which is why the election is called the … “Corrupt Bargain”Adams Beliefs:1) Fed gov’t should support economy2) promote arts/science* Adams was an unpopular President
Jackson won by a large marginVoting privileges were open to any male 21 years or older (they did not need to own land)Jackson appealed to the common peopleFavored state rights“Victory for the common people”
Important EventsTariff of Abominations
(1828)Spoils SystemKitchen CabinetBank War
- AJ vetoes recharter-vs Nicholas Biddle
Indian Removal Act (1830)
Jackson wins easily common people supported Jackson & rejected National Bank
New Politics- caucuses- nominating
Important EventsSpoils SystemKitchen CabinetWorcester vs Georgia
(1832) Nullification Crisis
(1832) SCNational Banks charter
expires (1836)
Van Buren winsVan Buren’s Beliefs
1) cut back on govtspending
2) tried to establish a stable banking system3) laissez faire: hands off
economic affairs Important Events
Panic of 1837: banks couldn’t cash bonds from land sold in the West
-states printed more money what was
not backed by gold or silver
- inflation occurred- cotton prices fell - banks closed
** economic depression“Pet banks”
William Harrison wins“Tippecanoe & Tyler too”
Whigs Plan1) new U.S. Bank
2) improve infrastructure** Harrison dies of
pneumonia on his 32nd day in office
10th PresidentJohn Tyler (Whig ticket)
Democrat beliefsWhig Congress passes bank bill
- Tyler vetoes the billTyler’s beliefs are more aligned with Democrats
- accomplishes little
Year 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840Jacksonian Democracy Elections (1824-1840) Democrat . Whig .
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Candidates
Henry Clay (Whig)James K. Polk (Dem)
Zachary Taylor (Whig)Lewis Cass (Dem)
Winfield Scott (Whig)Franklin Pierce (Dem)
John C. Fremont (Republican)James Buchanan (Dem)
Abraham Lincoln (Rep)John Breckinridge (Dem)Stephen A. Douglas (Dem)
Outcome
11th PresidentJames K. PolkVP: George M. Dallas
12th PresidentZachary TaylorVP: Millard Filmore
14th PresidentFranklin Pierce (Dem)VP: William Rufus King
15th PresidentJames Buchanan (Dem)VP: John Breckinridge
16th PresidentAbraham Lincoln
VP: Hannibal Hamlin (1st)Andrew Johnson (2nd)
Details
First “dark horse” (little known) candidate to
win Expansionist PresidentManifest Destiny was
complete under his Presidency,
boundaries extend to Pacific Ocean after the Mexican-American War
Texas Republic, 1845Mexican-American War,
1846-1848Oregon Territory, 1848Seneca Falls Convention,
1848 Women’s Rights
General in the U.S. ArmyNo Formal EducationHero of the Mexican-
American WarDied in office after 16
months
General in the U.S. Army during the Mexican-
American WarGadsden Purchase, 1853Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854Bleeding Kansas, 1854Youngest President at the
time, 48 years old.
Pierce: 48 yrs, 101 daysT. Roosevelt: 42 yrs, 322 dObama: 47 yrs, 169 days
Only President never to have
married“Save the Union”
candidateNear the end of his term, seven
states seceded, forming the
Confederate States of America (CSA)
Dred Scott vs Sanford, 1857Raid on Harpers Ferry, VA 1859
First Republican PresidentSix weeks into his first term,
the attack at Fort Sumter
begins the Civil WarIssued the Emancipation
Proclamation (freeing slaves)
Assassinated by John Wilkes
Booth at the start of his
second termTallest President, 6’4”
13th PresidentMillard Filmore (Whig)President credited w/
Compromise of 1850Fugitive Slave Law, 1850Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852Wife started the
Presidential Library in the White House
From Buffalo, NY (Hospital named after him there)
Year 1845-1849 1849-1850 1853-1857 1857-1861 1861-1865
Presidents Studies 11-16 (1845-1865) Democratic . Whig / Republican .
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Andrew Johnson • Became
President after Lincoln’s assassination. Wanted to treat the South leniently.
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Reconstruction
Social Studies Success
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Reconstruction Act
This act established direct military rule over former Confederate states until new governments could be formed.
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Ulysses S. Grant18thh U.S. PresidentHis administration was characterized by weak presidential leadership and widespread corruption.
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Radical Republicans A Faction of American politicians within the Republican
Party from before the Civil War to the end of Reconstruction. Believed blacks were entitled to the same
political rights as whites.
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In 1865, the Freedmen’s Bureau was created by
Congress to provide education and medical care to former slaves and to protect their legal rights.
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Freedman’s Bureau • Created to help
freedmen adjust and to set up schools to educate them. They were given food, clothing and medical care.
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Sharecropping A system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use
the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land.
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AFRICAN AMERICANS • African Americans took an
active role in the political process in the South
• They voted in record numbers and many ran for office
• Hiram Revels was the first black Senator
• After the failure of Reconstruction, Black Codes often restricted African Americans right to vote HIRAM REVELS – FIRST
BLACK SENATOR 95
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The Reconstruction Amendments
15th Amendment (1870): Gave black men the right to vote
14th Amedment Gave citizenship and due process to anyone born in the U.S.
(19th Amendment (1920): gave women the right to vote)
13th Amendment (1865): Slaves received their freedom and finally ended slavery in the U.S.
The years immediately after the Civil War are known as “Reconstruction”. Because much of the South was destroyed during the war, it was now time to reconstruct it. During this time, three very important amendments were added to the Constitution.
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13th Amendment
Abolished slavery, passed in 1865
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Granted U.S. citizenship to all former slaves, provide all citizens with “due process of law.”
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Guaranteed voting rights to former slaves
15th Amendment
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Carpetbagger Northern born white Republicans who moved south after the war
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Southern born white Republicans, Southerners believed these people were betraying the South.
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Ku Klux Klan
Secret group first set up in the South after the Civil War. Members terrorized African Americans.
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Social
Studies
Success
Reconstruction
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Dawes Act of 1887The act provided that each Indian family be given 160 acres of land.All remaining tribal lands were opened to whites.The act nearly destroyed Native American Indian culture.
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Bill designed to break up tribes & promote assimilation into U.S. society
Dawes Homestead Act
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Bessemer Process
In 1855, Henry Bessemer developed a new method of making steel.
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Walt Whitman
He became one of the nation’s greatest poets during the19th
century.Wrote Leaves of Grass
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Mark Twain
He was the first major American writer born away from the East Coast.He wrote Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
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John Philip Sousa
He was an early composer for brass bands.He is most famous for The Stars and Stripes Forever.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XU4A_qJ3ptps://wwpp3pMpppppp
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Transcontinental Railroad
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The Indian Wars
A series of battles from the 1840’s to the 1880’s between the U.S. military and Native Americans in an effort to clear routes to the West.
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Hiram Rhodes Revels 1st African American Elected to Congress
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Primary Sources are the original records of an event. They include eyewitness reports, records created at the time of an event, speeches, and letters by people involved in the event, photographs and artifacts.
Secondary Sources are the later writings and interpretations of historians and writers. Often secondary sources, like textbooks and articles, provide summaries of information found in primary sources.
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