conflict resources ppt draft

8/6/2019 Conflict Resources Ppt Draft

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CONFLICT RESOURCES

In Africa



Video



Conflict resources

Conflict resources are natural resources

extracted in a conflict zone and sold to

perpetuate the fighting.

And even..



�Diamonds that are used by rebel groups to f uel conflict and civil wars

�Funded brutal conflicts in Africa

Blood Diamond



Countries involved

Angola

Ivory

Coast

Sierra

Leone

Congo

Liberia



The African diamond industry came underpressure as it became clear that conflict

diamonds were playing a role in the brutal wars

in Angola, Sierra Leone, Liberia and theDemocratic Republic of Congo

Background



Angola

Several civil wars occurred between NationalUnion f or theTotal Independence of Angola

(UNITA) and Popular Liberation Movement of

Angola (MPLA) from 1975 to 2002

UNITA captured majority of Angola's

diamond mine



Angola

UNITA reaped $430 million in profits from

the sale of diamonds to f und the war



Sierra Leone

Diamonds were first f ound in Sierra Leone inthe 1930s

since then, they have caused nothing but

greed, savagery and war



Sierra Leone

In 1990s the rebel group RevolutionaryUnited Front (RUF) enslaved thousands of

their own people

They ritually hacked off peoples limbs f or the

slightest reason.



Sierra Leone

Child slavery children were used as combatants and child

labourers in the diamond mines

children work up to even 11 hours per day

with no pay



Sierra Leone



� Initiated in 2003

� Prevent blood diamonds from entering the

market

� governments are required to certify thatshipments of rough diamonds are free fromblood diamonds

The Kimberley process



� Limitations

� Some governments do not have the capacity to implement the process successf ully

� E.g. Angola

The Kimberley process



Ivory Coast

military coup overthrew the government in

1999

Rebels used cocoa and cotton, as well asdiamonds, to f und their war eff ort



Ivory Coast

Child slavery

Children work in farms growing cocoas

undergo severe abuse

In Ivory coast 200,000 alone, children wereinvolved in work on cocoa farms



The Harkin-Engel Protocol of 2001 was acommitment by the industry groups World Cocoa

Foundation and Chocolate Council of the National

Confectioners Association to develop andimplement voluntary standards to certify cocoaproduced without the "worst f orms of child

labour by 2005

Harkin-Engel Protocol



Harkin-Engel Protocol

Effectiveness

The deadline has passed but the chocolate

industry has failed to comply with the terms

of this agreement



Looking ahead

.Today 74 governments have enshrined into

their national law the Kimberley ProcessCertification System

more than 99% of the world's diamonds are

from conflict free sources

�Today 74 governments have enshrined into

their national law the Kimberley ProcessCertification System

�more than 99% of the world's diamonds

are from conflict free sources

�The diamond industry continues to work

with governments, NGOs and the UN to

strengthen the Kimberley Process



Singapore

We only import diamonds from India, U.S.A.,

U.K., Belgium, Japan, Hong Kong, Israel,

Brazil,C

hina, Netherlands, Au

stria, etc. Singapore imports cut and polished

diamonds from Israel and India.

Theref ore, Singapore takes no part inpurchasing blood diamonds.

conflict resources ppt draft

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