connected automated driving systems & smart mobility
TRANSCRIPT
Connected Automated Driving Systems & Smart Mobility
Apr. 2021, EUCAD 2021
Young-Jun MOON, Ph.D.
The Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)
ISO/TC204 WG17 Convenor
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Transport Issues
☞ Sustainable Transport
To be Safe, Accessible, Affordable, & Environment Friendly
Paradigm Shifts for Reducing
Congestion, Road Accidents, Emissions & Air Pollutions,
Health Problems
by
Avoiding the Needs to Travel by Driving Alone
Shifting to Sustainable Transport Modes
Improving Efficiency of All Transport Modes
Vehicle to Infrastructure Connectivity
Vehicle & ICT Convergence for V2X (V2I, V2V, V2N, V2P) Connectivity
Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS)
Vehicle
G/W
Wheel
Sens.
Multi
media
Distance
Sens.
Rear
Camera
In-Vehicle
Network
V2I
V2V
V2N
IVN
IVN-Sensor
Gyro
Sens.
RSU
Vehicle
Nomadic Device
IT WorldAutomotive World
CDMA, DSRC, WLAN, ..
VMC, WAVE, …
Bluetooth, USB, …
CAN, LIN, Flexray,…
X-by-Wire, MOST, …
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Networking & Transport
Access Technologies
...
Mana
g em
ent
Ethernet
Se c
u ri ty
IPv6
Border
Router
Facilities
Networking & Transport
Access Technologies
...
Man
age m
ent
Ethernet
S ecu
r i ty
CAN bus
Facilities
Networking & Transport
Access Technologies
...
Man
age m
ent
S ecu
r i ty
Applications
Ethernet
Central
HostCentral
Gateway
Central System
Central ITS Station
Roadside ITS Station
VMS5.9
SENSCtrl
VMS
SENSCtrl SENSCtrl
Networking & Transport
Access Technologies
...
Ma n
a ge m
e nt
Ethernet
Sec
uri
ty
IPv6
Border
Router
Facilities
Networking & Transport
Access Technologies
...
Ma n
a gem
e nt
Ethernet
Sec
ur i
ty
CAN bus
Facilities
Networking & Transport
Access Technologies
...
Ma n
a gem
e nt
Sec
ur i
ty
Applications
Ethernet
Roadside
Host
Networking & Transport
Access Technologies
...
Ma na g
e me n
t
5.9GHz
Sec u
r ity
Ethernet
Access
RouterRoadside
Gateway
Vehicle ITS Station
Mobile
Router
Networking & Transport
Access Technologies
...
Man
agem
ent
Secu
rity
Vehicle
Host
Facilities
Networking & Transport
Access Technologies
...
Man
agem
ent
Secu
rity
Applications
Vehicle
Gateway
Facilities
Networking & Transport
Access Technologies
...
Manag
ement
Sec
uri
ty
ECU ECU
Personal ITS Station
Facilities
Networking & Transport
Access Technologies
...
Man
agem
ent
3
Secu
rity
Applications
Communication
Network
C-ITS Architecture : ISO/TC204
Cooperative ITS (C-ITS)
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Cooperative ITS (C-ITS) Pilot Project in Korea for V2X Connectivity
Focusing Safety, Promoting Mobility & Sustainability (Green Transport)
Next Generation ITS to provide a service on the open platform utilizing Big Data
Sejong-Yusung (Pilot until 2017), Seoul & Jeju (2018-2019), Ulsan & Gwangju (2020), etc.
Cooperative ITS (C-ITS)
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Digitalization Infrastructure
Challenges of a resilient investment environment for transport systems
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)(1990s-2010s)
Information Collection & Provision
- Vehicle Detection System (VDS)
- Road Surveillance & Monitoring
- Variable Message Signs (VMS)
Cooperative ITS (C-ITS)(2020s-2040s)
Information Collection & Provision
- Digital Infrastructure by ICT (V2X)
- Mobile & Nomadic Devices
- Big Data & AI for Connected & Automated Driving
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• Two Tracks for CADS• Passenger Car : High Speed & Designated Motorways
• Level 3 being in the Market around mid-2020 by OEM
• Public & Shared : Low Speed & Urban Mobility• Level 4 (Driverless) being in the Market before 2020 by SME
self-drive green ride self-drive safe ride self-drive easy ride
Ohmio LIFT – XT1
Connected Automated Driving Systems (CADS)
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• CADS and Infrastructure• Level 2
• Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) by Physical & Logical Infrastructure
• Level 3 & 4
• Level 3: Cooperative ITS (C-ITS) by Digital Infrastructure
• Level 4: Automated ITS (A-ITS) by Logical Infrastructure
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5
SAE No Automation Driver
Assistance
Partial
Automation
Conditional
Automation
High
Automation
Full
Automation
NHTSA No Automation Function
Specific
Automation
Combined
Function
Automation
Limited Self-
Driving
Automation
Full Self-Driving Automation
Vehicle
& Road
Vehicle Vehicle Vehicle &
Road
Assisted
(ITS)
Vehicle &
Road
Cooperated
(C-ITS)
Vehicle &
Road
Automated
(A-ITS)
?
Connected Automated Driving Systems (CADS)
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Infrastructure Requirements for CADS
Physical Infrastructure
Vertical & Horizontal Alignment, Lanes, Pavements, etc.
Digital Infrastructure
Digital Signages, Traffic Information, etc.
V2X Communication Systems, IoT, Road Sensors, etc.
HD Local Dynamic Map & Positioning, etc.
Logical Infrastructure
Highway Traffic Management Systems based on Big Data & AI Double Capacity : 3,600vphpl (or 7,200vphpl ?)
Accident and Fatality Zero, Carbon Free, etc.
Traffic Control and Management Systems in Urban Networks Traffic Signal Control Systems
Mobility All Transit (e.g. Mobility as a Service, Mobility on Demand)
Connected Automated Driving Systems (CADS)
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Sources : AUVSI 2014, San Francisco
• L3 : C-ITS Infrastructure
• Connected Vehicle & Infrastructure: V2I & V2V
Connected Automated Driving Systems (CADS)
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• L4 : Automated ITS (A-ITS) Infrastructure
• AI based Traffic Management & Control
Sources : AUVSI 2014, San Francisco
Connected Automated Driving Systems (CADS)
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V2X Issues for Connected & Automated Driving (CAD)
Sources : Qualcomm, 2016
Connected Automated Driving Systems (CADS)
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V2X Issues for Connected & Automated Driving
Sources : Qualcomm, 2016
Connected Automated Driving Systems (CADS)
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V2X Issues for Connected & Automated Driving
Sources : Qualcomm, 20169
Wi-Fi based technology – 802.11p standardAdapted for latency-critical V2X communications in the 5.9 GHz band
Established security and upper layer specificationsWith service layer / performance requirements defined by SDOs, e.g. SAE, ETSI-ITS1
Path to DSRC2 rulemaking in USA by NHSTA3 expected to start in 20164
Based on 802.11p standard
Large scale field trials completed over the last decadeCommercially available technology here today
802.11p has established the foundation for V2X
1 Standard Development Organizations, e.g. Society for Automotive Engineers, European Telecommunications Standards Institute – Intelligent Transport Systems; 2 Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC);
3 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 4 To improve road safety for future ‘light vehicles’ – Qualcomm has conducted extensive research into various use cases for DSRC, including V2P applications that
could extend the safety benefits to vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists
QCA6584
*2nd generation Qualcomm
Technologies 802.11p
offering with integrated
Wi-Fi LAN and Bluetooth
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Introducing Cellular V2X (C-V2X)A unified connectivity platform for the connected vehicle of the future
Part of Release 14 of the global 3GPP standardTarget C-V2X specification completion end of 20161
Builds upon existing LTE connectivity platform for automotiveLTE already delivering key services today, e.g. telematics, eCall, connected infotainment
Enhances LTE Direct for V2X direct communicationsImprovements over 802.11p – up to a few additional seconds of alert latency and 2x range2
Leverages existing LTE networks for V2X network communicationsUsing LTE Broadcast optimized for V2X to offer additional applications/services
Rich roadmap towards 5G with strong ecosystem supportTechnology evolution to address expanding capabilities/use cases
1 For Direct communications component (enhancements to LTE Direct) – overall spec completion expected mid-2017; 2 Based on Qualcomm Research simulations (see future slides for further information)
Connected Automated Driving Systems (CADS)
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Smart Mobility in Smart City
Integrated Smart Mobility Services based on CADS & Digital Infrastructure
• A User-Centric Approach to Mobility-as-a-Service
• Enabling real-time (on-demand), door-to-door, multi-modal transport services
• Bringing convenience, time & cost savings to mobility users
e.g., wireless Comm.,
smart devices, (Big) data mining
e.g., e-Mobility, AV
+
+
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• Sejong City Plan for Smart Mobility based on CADS & Digital Infrastructure
Smart Mobility in Smart City
Major Arterials for Public Shuttle
Outer Rings for Passenger Vehicles
Intelligent Transport Systems
Robot delivery
sharing
On-demand Taxi
On-demand Automated Shuttle
Park & Ride Center
Automated Shuttle Bus
EV Charging & Maintenance
16Source: The Korea Transport Institute (KOTI, 2016)
Human-centered Spaces
Carbon-free City Digital Infrastructure (V2X)
Electric & Automated Vehicles
Urban Smart Mobility Services with 200+ UCASS Shuttles
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What to be Issued?
Infrastructure for Connected Automated Driving Systems (CADS)
Physical, Digital, & Logical Infrastructure towards C-ITS & A-ITS
Big Data & AI for L3 & L4
AI based Traffic Management & Control System
Digital Infrastructure for V2X by DSRC (WAVE) vs. V2X by Cellular
Dominated or Shared?
Who pays the V2X infrastructure?
Who pays communication charges & How much it will be?
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Thank you very much!
Young-Jun MOON, Ph.D.
The Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)
ISO/TC204 WG17 Convenor