controls and demand response topics: stakeholder meeting...

California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program

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Controls and Demand Response Topics: Stakeholder Meeting #1

Energy Solutions

Heschong Mahone Group, Inc.

July 7, 2010

Call-in Number: (702) 835 – 5019 access code: 14712 #

Title 24 2011 Statewide IOU Website: http://www.calcodesgroup.com

CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM

July 7, 20102011 Title 24 CASE Process Update

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Agenda

● 9:00–9:15 Introduction● 9:15–10:10 Indoor lighting controls● 10:10–11:00 Office task lighting controls

11:00–11:15 Break

● 11:15-12:10 Residential plug load controls12:15–1:15 Lunch

● 1:15-2:30 Demand response lighting controls● 2:30-3:30 Upgradeable setback thermostats● 3:30-3:45 Wrap up and next steps

CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes



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IOU Support for 2011 Title 24

● The California Investor Owned Utilities (IOUs) are actively supporting the California Energy Commission (CEC) in developing the state’s building energy efficiency code (Title 24)

● Their joint intent is to achieve significant energy savings through the development of reasonable, responsible, and cost-effective code change proposals for the 2011 code update and beyond

● As part of the IOU effort, at the request of the CEC, we are hosting stakeholder meetings to get industry input and feedback on our code change proposals




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Code Change Activity

● 2011 T-24 Base Code (Part 6 of Title 24)

● 2011 Reach Standard (Part 11 of Title 24)● Green Building Standard – i.e. CalGreen● Voluntary standards that local governments can

adopt● Some Mandatory Components

● Future Codes● 2014 T-24● Future Reach Codes




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Requirements for a Successful Code Change

● To be included in the base code, a measure must:● Be cost-effective

● based on the standards-induced additional first cost, maintenance costs, measure life, and energy cost savings

● according to the Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) life-cycle costing methodology and weather data to be provided by the California Energy Commission

● Be possible to implement using equipment that is available from multiple providers or that is reasonably expected to be available following the code change




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Stakeholder Meetings Process

● Minimum of three meetings:● First: present scope, request data

● Code change direction and possible options

● Methodology

● Best practices, market data

● Second: present findings● Results of data collection and analysis

● Cost effectiveness

● “Strawman” proposed code language

● Third/final: present proposed code language

● All meetings can be attended remotely




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Outline For Measure Presentations

● Summary of current code requirements

● Typical practice● Summary of potential code change

proposals● Initial data/findings● Planned data collection and analysis● Specific stakeholder requests




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Submitting Comments

● Informal Comment Process● Comments can be submitted to CASE authors,

substantive comments will be receive responses.

● Questions and responses will not be posted online, but common or frequent questions will be communicated as necessary between stakeholders

● The team will work with stakeholders to resolve issues as best we can.

● The CEC has a formal comment process during later stages of the official rulemaking process




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Types of Code Change

● Mandatory Measure: The change would add or modify a mandatory measure● Mandatory measures must be satisfied whether the

prescriptive or performance method is used to show compliance

● Prescriptive Requirement: The change would add or modify a prescriptive requirement that must be met when using prescriptive compliance approach● When using performance compliance (computer modeling),

prescriptive requirements define a standard design (which sets the energy budget) and are not mandatory




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Types of Code Change – Ctd.

● Compliance Option: The change would add or modify a new measure to the list of existing compliance options for meeting the Standards using the performance approach.

● Modeling: The change would modify the calculation procedures or assumptions used in making performance calculations. ● This change would not add a compliance option or a new

requirement, but would affect the way that trade-offs are made.




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Schedule: Base Code Key Dates

● Mar 2010 - Dec 2010● CEC develop foundation /methodology● IOUs:

● Conduct research, and cost effectiveness analysis● Present results at stakeholder meetings

● Dec 2010● IOUs finalize code change proposals for submittal to CEC

● Feb 2011● CEC opens Rulemaking for Title 24, develop 45-day

language

● June 15, 2011● Title 24 Part 6 Adoption date

● Jan. 1, 2013● Title 24 Part 6 Implementation date



July 7, 2010

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Schedule: Green Code Key Dates

● ~Winter 2011/12● Rulemaking opens for Part 11 (CalGreen)

● ~Jan. 1, 2014● Likely implementation of reach standard

measures




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Controls / DR - Related CASE Topics

● Codes and Standards Enhancement (CASE) Topics

● Indoor lighting controls

● Office task lighting controls

● Residential plug load controls

● Demand response lighting controls

● Upgradeable setback thermostats




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Ground Rules

● For those attending by telephone/web● Please DO NOT place your phone on HOLD

● We do not want to hear your hold music● Please mute your microphone, unless you want to speak● Ask questions/comment by “chat” or by voice● Call will drop at lunch – please hang up and re-dial in

● We want to hear your concerns● Opposing viewpoints are encouraged● We are seeking information, not resolution

● Time is limited● Raise your hand and be acknowledged by presenter● Clearly state your name and affiliation prior to speaking● Speak loudly for the people on the phone

● Minutes and presentation material will be available online – we will distribute link



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Indoor Lighting Controls


July 7, 2010


July 7, 2010

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Workplace/ClassroomLighting Controls


● Typical practice

● Code change options

● Initial data/findings

● Potential code change proposals

● Planned data collection and analysis



July 7, 2010CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes

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Workplace/ClassroomLighting Controls

● Current code requirements● T24 requires four levels of control

● Requirements vary according to space type● Power adjustment factors are given for use of

additional controls

● Code must allow workplaces to meet accepted guidelines for visual quality and performance

● Changing Market Conditions● Controls have become significantly more cost-

effective, and alternatives to permanently-on general office lighting have been developed



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Workplace/Classroom Lighting Controls

Current Code Requirements

● Workplace and classroom controls required● Area controls

● Each area enclosed by ceiling-height partitions must have a manual switch or occupancy sensor within sight (or “annunciated”)

● Except for “0.3 W per square foot of lighting in any area within a building that must be continuously illuminated for reasons of building security or emergency egress”

● Multi-level controls● At least one control step that is between 30% and 70%

● 0.8 W/sf and below is exempt

● Except lights in corridors

CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM19


Current Code Requirements – Ctd.

● Daylight controls● Automatic daylighting controls required in

primary daylit zone over 2,500 sf

● Shut-off controls● Every floor must have an automatic shut-off

control for all the lighting.

● Except spaces that are in continuous use, and 0.3 W/sf in egress and security zones

● Local override switches must be provided




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● Power Adjustment Factors (Table 146-C)

What Where PAF

Multi-level occupant sensor

Any space <250 sf,any size classroom, conference room, corridor

0.20 (0.25 w/ dimming), or +0.10 on top of daylighting

Demand response All spaces 0.05

Manual dimming All spaces 0.10

Automatic photocontrols

Primary and secondary daylitareas <2,500 sf

0.12-0.30


Current Code Requirements – Ctd.

July 7, 2010



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Typical Practice

● Lighting control panel with timeclockfor shut-off controls

● Approx 15% of lighting left on 24/7 in approximately 50% of buildings

● 1/3 or 1/2 multi-level switching in both private and open offices

● Bank of light switches on core wall, which double as local overrides for shut-off control

July 7, 2010



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Typical Practice – Ctd.

● Occupancy sensor wall switches in private offices

● Photocontrols in large perimeter open offices

● T8/T5 task lighting may or may not be provided as part of the furniture system

● Occupants bring in their own CFL/halogen task lights to work

July 7, 2010



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● “Controllable Lighting” code change proposal● Southern California Edison is proposing a change

to require dimmable or multi-step lighting for all luminaires in commercial buildings.

● One of those steps is intended for “tuning”, the second/third may be available for demand response.

● Draft language requires “uniformity” but does not require different luminaires/circuits to be separately controllable (so those costs/savings are not included in this CASE).


Pending Code Change Proposals

July 7, 2010



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“Controllable Lighting” code change proposal—Section 131(b)§131(b) Multi-Level Lighting Controls.

1. The general lighting of any space 100 square feet or larger, that has more than one than one lamp in the space, and a connected lighting load that exceeds 0.5 W per square foot, shall have multi-level lighting controls. Multi-level controls shall have at least one control step within the ranges identified in Table 131-A. Multi-level lighting controls shall also comply with uniformity requirements of Table131-A. General lighting shall be switched separately from all otherlighting systems in the space.

EXCEPTION to Section 131(b): Classrooms with a connected general lighting load of 0.7 W per square and less shall have at least one step between 30-70 percent of full rated power which shall be achieved by stepped dimming, continuous dimming, switching alternate lamps in a luminaire, switching alternate luminaires, or switching separate general lighting zones.

July 7, 2010



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“Controllable Lighting” code change proposal—Table 131-A

Luminaire Type Minimum Required Multi-Level Control Steps:

Uniform level of illuminanceshall be achieved by:

Incandescent, halogen, and LED lamps

Continuous dimming -20-100% of Full Power

Continuous dimming

Fluorescent linear (including U-bent) lamps > 13 W; induction >25W

Full1, High2, Medium3, Low4

Stepped dimming, continuous dimming, switching alternate lamps in a luminaire5

Fluorescent CF pin based6 > 20 W and Fluorescent GU-24 based > 20 W

Continuous dimming 20 – 100% of full power

Continuous dimming

Linear fluorescent lamps <14 W, Fluorescent CF pin based6 <21W, and Fluorescent GU-24 <21W

One step between 30-70 percent of rated power

Stepped dimming, continuous dimming, switching alternate lamps in a luminaire, switching alternate luminaires

HID and Other Light Sources Full and one step at no more than 60% of rated full power


1. Full: full rated input power of ballast and lamp, corresponding to maximum ballast factor 2. High: between 80% and 85% of rated power 3. Medium: between 50% and 70% of rated power 4. Low: between 20% and 40% of rated power 5. Luminaires with at least four lamps illuminating the same area and in the same manner. 6. Includes, twin tube, multiple twin tube, long twin tube, and spiral lamps 7. Luminaires with at least three lamps illuminating the same area and in the same manner.

July 7, 2010



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● Code change proposal for occupancy sensor controls in:● Warehouse aisles● corridors and stairways in hotels and

multifamily buildings

● Analysis done in 2009● Shown to be cost-effective● Draft code language available on

request


Pending Code Change Proposals – Ctd.

July 7, 2010



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Proposed Code Change Proposals

● Lighting in daylit or special task areas controlled from a separate switch

● Reduced target EUI. Ways to meet this requirement include:● Exchange ambient light for task light (“low ambient / task

lighting”)● Localized occupancy sensors or manual controls in open

offices (“workstation-specific luminaires”)● Very high efficiency luminaires

● Egress lighting off when building or portion of building is unoccupied

July 7, 2010



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● Lighting that is controlled from a separate switch (Cesar Chavez school)

Switch located beside the door

Switch located beside “lab” sink

Sources: Heschong Mahone Group, Inc., Cesar Chavez school


Initial Data and Findings

July 7, 2010



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● Exchanging ambient light for task light(“low ambient /

task lighting”)

Sources: Finelite, Inc., and Tambient, Inc.


Initial Data and Findings – Ctd.

July 7, 2010



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● Exchanging ambient light for task light (“low ambient / task lighting”)

Source: Heschong Mahone Group, Inc. Images show (respectively) small and large PG&E pilot office buildings



July 7, 2010



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● Egress lighting controls● CA Fire Code and NFPA 101 both allow egress

lighting to be switched off when a portion of the building is unoccupied

● Both allow occupancy sensor control of egress lighting

● Washington State code and ASHRAE 101 proposals to require egress lighting to be switched off when a portion of the building is unoccupied



July 7, 2010



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Potential Code Change Proposals

● Separate switching for primary daylitareas and task areas● Require switch(es) for daylit areas to be

within daylit area

● Require switch(es) for certain task areas to be within the task area

July 7, 2010



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● Reduced target EUI:● Target may be quoted as EUI (energy) rather than LPD

(power)● Provide Power Adjustment Factors for granular controls in

spaces >250sf (open offices)● PAF would vary depending on auto vs. manual switching, and

on granularity of controlled zone● Software switches count as switches● Based on UK Building Regulations Part L2

● Possibly exclude X W/linear ft of wall washing● This would reduce the compliance hurdle for smaller

buildings

● Code already excludes 0.2 W/sf of task lighting, it could also



July 7, 2010



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● Control of Egress Lighting● This proposal would not include emergency exit

signage

● Egress lighting must:● Be energized only on failure of the normal power

supply to the building, or

● Be shut off by an occupancy sensor, or

● Be shut off by an automatic control which is either:– The same automatic controller that is used for shut-off

controls (§131d), or

– A signal from the building’s security system

July 7, 2010



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Summary of Additional Available Data

● A complete model of lighting energy use in office and schools is required to calculate costs, savings and statewide impacts. ● BUT there is no such model at present

● Typical pricing for some lighting equipment available from RS Means

● Detailed pricing for occupancy sensors from HMG code proposal for hotels and warehouses

July 7, 2010



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Planned Data Collection

● Pricing study of lighting control components and systems, including emergency lighting controls, and including installation and commissioning costs

● Field study of how much office lighting is left on overnight

July 7, 2010



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● Analysis of savings/costs for granular controls in open offices

● Break-down of space types in office buildings (to calc whole bldg EUI target)

● Analysis of savings/costs for egress controls


Planned Data Analysis

July 7, 2010



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QUESTIONS & COMMENTS

Owen Howlett

Heschong Mahone Group, Inc

[email protected]

July 7, 2010


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Office Task Lighting Control Stakeholder Meeting #1


July 7, 2010

CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM40

Office Task Lighting Control



● Summary of potential code change proposals




● Specific stakeholder requests

CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAMOffice Task Lighting Control

Current Code Requirements and Proposals● No current Title 24 code requirement for task lightings

or plug loads● ASHRAE 90.1-2007: 8.4.2 Automatic Receptacle Control

–Addendum BS● At least 50% of all receptacles in private and open offices

should be controlled by an automatic controlled device

● International Green Construction Code-Section 609.6 Plug load control● At least one switched receptacle for each 50 sf in office

spaces, ● At least one switched circuit at each electrical outlet used

for powering furniture systems.



Typical Practice

● Low ambient lighting practice : Higher task lighting usage

● Title 24 General lighting control requirements

● Task lighting usually not controlled● Different task lighting control strategies

● Occupancy sensor integrated in task light● Power strip with occupancy sensor / timer● Shut-off timer plugged on task light receptacle● Room circuit controller / System furniture circuit

controller● Building level dual circuit control




● Requirement of automatic office task lighting control● Building/floor level control - dual circuit design

● Uncontrolled circuit for equipment requiring 24 hour operation

● Task lighting / plug loads circuit controlled by timer / OC / other signals (alarm system)

● Zone level control ● Occupancy sensors at each private office / zone / work

station

● Hard-wired task lighting control benefits● Easier implementation for building operators● Energy savings from other plug loads● Incremental cost reduction if coupled with general lighting

control requirement (control equipment potentially already in place)



Initial Data / Findings

● Office Low Ambient Lighting Study ● Task lights are important plug loads - Consumption and

Schedule● LBNL research in 2007 on plug load consumptions and usages● PIER research conducted by ECOs in 2008 on Office Plug Load

(Field Monitoring) ● Available controls

● Occupancy sensors at the space level● Circuit breaker panel with timer● Building automation systems● Occupancy sensor controls at work station level● Contactor (relay)

● Case studies on hard-wired task light control implementation● USGBC Headquarters, Washington D.C.● Office of the Future, Irvine pilot program

● Private office, open space and system furniture wiring practice




● Energy analysis● Development of 2 office prototypes

● LBNL studies show that equipment density varies with size of building

● DEER office building physical characteristics assumptions– Small office (10,000 sf, 2 stories)– Large office(175,000 sf, 10 stories)

● Development of scenarios on task light usage (business as usual vs low ambient)● Business hour usage, non-business hours status and office

schedule (holidays and weekend)● Include savings from over plug loads

● Monitors and other miscellaneous devices found in workstations considered

● Energy consumption and non-business hours equipment status from LBNL and ECOs studies




● Add Section 131 (h) Portable Lighting for office task lighting control● Portable lighting should be automatically controlled● Dual circuit design option similar to general lighting shut-off

requirements● Zone level control option

● Finer granularity control● Enforcement issue

● Title 24 Portable lighting: lighting with plug-in connections for electric power● Table lamps● Free standing lamps● Lights attached to modular furniture● Workstation task lights● Lights attached to workstation panels● Movable displays● Other equipment that is not permanently installed lighting



Planned Data Collection and Analysis● Data collection

● Listing of available control products

● Control product cost

● Installation cost (incremental wiring cost and control installation)

● Industry Survey● Electrical designers and contractors survey on dual circuit practice and

incremental cost

● Furniture system manufacturer survey on integration of occupancysensors in the system furniture

● Product manufacturers on simultaneous control of general lighting and task lighting product capabilities and compatibility of control with task lighting loads

● Cost-effectiveness analysis● Coordinate on office space models

● Refine task lighting usage and consumption scenarios

● Analyze different control strategies



Specific Stakeholder Requests

● Information Request from Stakeholders● Circuit wiring practices

● Control product prices

● Product development plans of occupancy sensors integrated in system furniture

● Hard-wired control technologies –products and case studies


July 7, 2010

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QUESTIONS & COMMENTS

Charlotte BonnevilleHeschong Mahone Group, Inc

[email protected]



July 7, 2010

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Break

Reconvene at 11:15



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Residential Plug Load ControlsDR / Controls Stakeholder Meeting #1

Keith Kaste

Energy Solutions

July 7, 2010




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Residential Plug Load Controls


● Summary of current code requirements & other code development


● Potential compliance paths



● Specific stakeholder requests



● Standby Load is electric power consumed by electronic appliances while they are switched off or in a standby mode.



● 13% of total residential electric demand is standby load. (PIER CEC-500-2008-035)

● Microwave uses more energy in 24 hour period for standby than it does for cooking.

● Residential standby load requires four 500 MW power plants.

● Through plug load control turn off all mains power to certain appliances when we don’t need them.



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Typical Practice

● There is no defined typical practice for managing residential standby load.

● Standby power loss is currently only addressed in appliance standards (Title 20 or federal standards).

● There is no convenient way to turn appliances off at night or when not in use.



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Current Code Requirements – Title 24

● There are no code requirements affecting residential standby load in Title 24 2008 Part 6.

● No code requirements in Title 24 2008 Part 11 (mandatory or voluntary).

● Some related language in draft of International Green Construction Code associated with IECC for non-res.

● Some related language in ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Section 8.4.2 for non-res.



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Other Code Development

● International Green Construction Code (created by ICC) has the following in 2010 draft:● 609.6 Plug load controls. Switched receptacles

shall be provided in the following places…

● ASHRAE 90.1 Section 8.4.2 has the following:● At least 50% of all 125 volt receptacles shall be

controlled by an automatic control device.



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Potential T24 Code Change Proposals

● Prescriptive requirement to provide additional circuits with manual and/or programmable power-off cycle.● System layout considerations.

● Controls.

● Possible use put in Part 11 A4.203.1: Performance requirement (exceed 2008 standards).



Potential Compliance Paths

Potential Compliance Paths (using existing lighting controls).

1. Networked controller (UPB or radio signal).2. Wired controller.3. Switched receptacles (outlets).

● Notes.● Controlled circuits are additional circuits.● Controlled receptacles must be clearly marked.● Automated controllers can be preset to be off

from midnight to 6 AM.



Networked Controller

Simply Automated GreenSwitch



Wired Controller

Schneider Electric Leviton Intermatic



Switched Receptacle



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● Energy lost due to standby load.● Approx. 900 kWh/yr per house. (PIER CEC-500-

2008-035)

● How Title 20 addresses standby load in consumer electronics.● 3 W max for TVs, consumer audio, DVD

● This measure would provide an additional avenue for reducing standby load.



Initial Data / Findings: Cost Effectiveness estimate of networked controller

● Components of system (4 bdrm house)● Controller (Simply Automated UCS-01)

$142.95.● Breaker subpanel $230.00● Four networked receptacles (Simply

Automated URD30W) $90 x 4 = $360.● Four standard receptacles $2.00 x 4 =

$8.00.● 200 feet Romex cable $150.00.● Total materials approx. $890.00.



Initial Data / Findings: Cost Effectiveness estimate of wired controller

● Components of system (4 bdrm house)

● Four controllers (Leviton VPT24-1PZ) $49.30 x 4 = $197.20.

● Breaker subpanel $230.00.

● Eight standard receptacles $2.00 x 8 = $16.00.

● 200 feet Romex $150.00.

● Total materials approx. $600.00.



Initial Data / Findings: Cost Effectiveness estimate of switched receptacles

● Components of system (4 bdrm house)

● Breaker subpanel $230.00.

● Four light switches $2.00 x 4 = $8.00.

● Eight receptacles $2.00 x 8 = $16.00.

● 200 feet Romex $150.00.

● Total materials approx. $400.00.



Initial Data / Findings: Statewide Savings

● Savings calculation assumptions.● One third of occupants achieve 60% stby

load reduction.

● One third of occupants achieve 20% stby load reduction.

● One third of occupants achieve no stby load reduction.

● 100,000 housing starts per year



Initial Data / Findings: Statewide Savings

● Estimated standby loads in new construction in the base case = 90 GWh/year.

● Estimated standby loads in new construction with plug load controls = 66 GWh/year

● Roughly 24 GWh/year statewide savings potential.



Initial Data / Findings: Availability & Feasibility

● Networked controller (UPB)● Systems exist but are pricey.

● Possible compliance alternative for custom homes.

● Wired controller● Systems exist but are pricey.

● Switched receptacle● Widely available and well understood by building

industry.

● Lowest cost alternative.




● Feasible.● ASHRAE and IgCC will have it.● Set precedent. ● Appliance industry use rechargeable

Li-ion battery to keep clocks and volatile memory alive overnight.

● Reiterate 13% of residential energy consumption is standby load. This is a huge opportunity.



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Planned Data Collection and Analysis

● Identify other control options.

● Energy savings and cost analysis for proposed options.

● New product development.

● Industry, Professional and Trade Organizations.



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Planned Data Collection and Analysis –Targeted Stakeholders

● Equipment and Controls Manufacturers● Simply Automated● Leviton● Intermatic● Schneider Electric● Others?

● Industry, Professional and Trade Organizations● CBIA● NEMA ● Others?



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Specific Stakeholder Requests

● Suggestions for additional controls mfgrs.

● Pricing information.

● Individuals or groups who might be able to provide additional input.

● Reference suggestions.

● Other savings studies?



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QUESTIONS & COMMENTSKeith Kaste Energy [email protected] x215


July 7, 2010

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Lunch Break

Please hang up and call back in at 1:15

Call-in Number: (702) 835 – 5019 Access code: 14712 #



Demand Responsive Lighting Controls Stakeholder Meeting #1

Energy SolutionsHeschong Mahone Group, Inc.

July 7, 2010


07/07/20102011 Title 24 CASE Process Update

77

Demand Responsive Lighting Controls

● Current Code Requirements

● Potential Code Change Proposals

● Summary of Data Collected

● Proposed Methodology

● Additional data required



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DR Lighting Controls2008 Title 24 code requirements

● Section 101 - Demand Responsive Lighting Control definition● a control that reduces lighting power consumption in

response to a demand response signal

● Section 131(g) of the 2008 Title 24 requires:● Demand responsive automatic lighting controls that

uniformly reduce lighting power consumption by a minimum of 15 percent shall be installed in retail buildings with sales floor areas greater than 50,000 square feet.

● Exception to 131(g):● Buildings where more than 50% of the lighting power is

controlled by daylighting controls.



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DR Lighting Controls2010 IgCC code requirements

● Recently adopted IgCC language relating to AutoDR● DEMAND RESPONSE, AUTOMATED (AUTO-DR)

● Fully Automated Demand Response initiated by a signal from a utility or other appropriate entity, providing fully-automated connectivity to customer energy end-use control strategies.

● Section 605 – AUTO-DR INFRASTRUCTURE● 605.1 Establishing an open and interoperable automated

demand response (Auto-DR) infrastructure● Buildings that contain HVAC or lighting systems shall comply with this

section. A building energy management and control system (EMCS) shall be provided and integrated with building HVAC systems controls and lighting systems controls to receive an open and interoperable automated demand response (Auto-DR) relay or internet signal. Building HVAC and lighting systems and specific building energy-using components shall incorporate preprogrammed demand response strategies that are automated with a demand response automation internet software client.



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DR Lighting Controls2010 IGCC code requirements

● Exception: Buildings located where the electric utility or regional Independent System Operator (ISO) or Regional Transmission Operator (RTO) does not offer a demand response program to buildings covered by this code.

● 605.2 Software clients. ● Demand response automation internet software clients shall be capable of

communicating with a demand response automation server (DRAS).

● 605.4 Lighting. ● The Auto-DR system shall be capable of reducing total connected power of

lighting in Group B, office spaces by not less than 30 percent.

● Exceptions:● Luminaires on emergency circuits or located in emergency and life safety

areas of a building.

● Lighting in buildings that are less than 5,000 square feet in total area.

● Luminaires located within a daylight zone that are dimmable and connected to automatic daylight controls.



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● “Controllable Lighting” code change proposal● Southern California Edison is proposing a change

to require dimmable or multi-step lighting for all luminaires in commercial buildings.

● One of those steps is intended for “tuning”, the second/third may be available for demand response.

● Draft language requires “uniformity” but does not require different luminaires/circuits to be separately controllable (so those costs/savings are not included in this CASE).

DR Lighting ControlsPending Code Change Proposals



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“Controllable Lighting” code change proposal—Section 131(b)

§131(b) Multi-Level Lighting Controls. 1. The general lighting of any space 100 square feet or larger,

that has more than one than one lamp in the space, and a connected lighting load that exceeds 0.5 W per square foot, shall have multi-level lighting controls. Multi-level controls shall have at least one control step within the ranges identified in Table 131-A. Multi-level lighting controls shall also comply with uniformity requirements of Table 131-A. General lighting shall be switched separately from all other lighting systems in the space.

EXCEPTION to Section 131(b): Classrooms with a connected general lighting load of 0.7 W per square and less shall have at least one step between 30-70 percent of full rated power which shall be achieved by stepped dimming, continuous dimming, switching alternate lamps in a luminaire, switching alternate luminaires, or switching separate general lighting zones.



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“Controllable Lighting” code change proposal—Table 131-A

Table 131-A Multi-Level Lighting Controls and Uniformity Requirements Luminaire Type Minimum Required

Multi-Level Control Steps:

Uniform level of illuminanceshall be achieved by:

Incandescent, halogen, and LED lamps

Continuous dimming -20-100% of Full Power

Continuous dimming

Fluorescent linear (including U-bent) lamps > 13 W; induction >25W

Full1, High2, Medium3, Low4


Fluorescent CF pin based6 > 20 W and Fluorescent GU-24 based > 20 W

Continuous dimming 20 – 100% of full power

Continuous dimming

Linear fluorescent lamps <14 W, Fluorescent CF pin based6 <21W, and Fluorescent GU-24 <21W

One step between 30-70 percent of rated power

Stepped dimming, continuous dimming, switching alternate lamps in a luminaire, switching alternate luminaires

HID and Other Light Sources Full and one step at no more than 60% of rated full power


1. Full: full rated input power of ballast and lamp, corresponding to maximum ballast factor 2. High: between 80% and 85% of rated power 3. Medium: between 50% and 70% of rated power 4. Low: between 20% and 40% of rated power 5. Luminaires with at least four lamps illuminating the same area and in the same manner. 6. Includes, twin tube, multiple twin tube, long twin tube, and spiral lamps 7. Luminaires with at least three lamps illuminating the same area and in the same manner.



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DR Lighting ControlsProposed Code Changes

● §131 (f) Demand Responsive Lighting Controls● In buildings greater than 10,000 square feet, demand

responsive automatic lighting controls shall reduce general lighting power consumption by a minimum of 15 percent in a uniform manner in accordance with Section 131(b); and shall reduce lighting power for display lighting, ornamental and special effect lighting, and lighting installed by the manufacturer in refrigerated cases by a minimum of 15 percent.



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DR Lighting ControlsProposed Code Changes

● New exceptions to §131 (f) Demand Responsive Lighting Controls● Luminaires on emergency circuits or located in emergency

and life safety areas of a building.

● Luminaires located within a daylight zone that are connected to automatic daylight controls.

● Classrooms with a connected general lighting load of 0.7 watts per square foot and less.

● Same proposed exception as Section 131(b)

● Spaces with general lighting less than 0.5 watts per square foot

● Same proposed exception as Section 131(b)



86

DR Lighting ControlsProposed Code Changes - continued

● Demand Responsive Lighting Controls definition● A control that can automatically reduce lighting power

consumption in response to a demand response signal. The demand responsive lighting control must at least be a demand response automation internet software client, capable of communicating with a demand response automation server (DRAS).



87

DR Lighting Controls Summary of Collected Data

● Commercial buildings >50,000 sf account for ~50% of commercial building square footage3

● Retail (2008 T24 LPD - 1.60 W/sf)● 43% of load is interior lighting (CEUS)

● Large Offices (2008 T24 LPD - 0.90 W/sf)● 25% of load is interior lighting (CEUS)

● According to CBECS4

● Commercial buildings >10k sf are 80% of floorspace

● 2005 DOE study found EMCS serve about 10% of commercial buildings (33% of floor space) 5

● Based on 2001 data



88

Acceptance of Demand Responsive Lighting

● Office lab baseline of 37 fc (400 lx)1

● Electric lighting dimmed over 10 seconds

● 40% dimming acceptable with no/low daylight● Most occupants did not notice dimming of 20%

● 80% dimming acceptable with high prevailing daylight● Most occupants did not notice dimming of 60%



89

Acceptance of Demand Responsive Lighting

● HMG conducted DR acceptance test as part of 2009 report for PG&E – High Efficiency Office Low Ambient/Task Lighting: Large Office2

● Overhead lights were switched by 30% to a level of 12 fc (baseline of ~19 fc).

● Most occupants did not notice

● All occupants found the light levels acceptable● Office space was well daylit

● Occupants were forewarned– Informed it was a test of statewide emergency response



90

Rates rollout timeline

● Planned timeline for rollout of Time of Use rates with Peak Day Pricing● According to the CPUC

● Defaults apply to customers with 12 months of smart meter billing history

● Peak Day Pricing is currently an available option to all customers

Date Customers affected

5/1/2010 Large C&I (>200kW)

2/1/2011 Large Agriculture

11/1/2011 Small & Medium Commercial



91

DR Lighting Controls Planned Data Analysis

● 2008 methodology based on temp● 10th hottest days etc

● Now use TDV to indicate peak days● Consistent with price responsive demand

● DR Ruleset creates scenarios– Percentile based (top 1%, 5%, etc)

– Or proportional (3x average TDV and higher)

● Loads – DOE2 simulation runs

● TDV – calculated by CEC



92

Planned Data Analysis

HE 1HE 2…HE8760

TDVCreateEvent

Scenarios

Scenario 1Scenario 2…Scenario n

ScenariosSavings 1Savings 2…Savings n

Savings

Cost /BenefitRatios C/B By Scenario

C/B 1C/B 2…C/B n

Doe2Simulation

Rule 1Rule 2…

DR Rules


DR Rule Set

● Price Based (TDV)● Percentile Analysis

● Top 10% of TDV hour values

● Top 1.0% of TDV hour values

● Top 0.5%, etc

● Cost ratio analysis● Hours where TDV is 3X the average or greater

07/07/2010

93

2011 Title 24 CASE Process Update


DR Rule Set

● Parametric analysis● Participation Rate – 70%

● TOU+CPP default rate

● Signal Received – 97%● Assuming OpenADR over internet

● Signal NOT overridden – 90%

● Fraction ON during DR event – 85%

● Productivity loss - 0% - 20%

07/07/2010

94

2011 Title 24 CASE Process Update



95

DOE-2 Model Creation

DEERDOE-2Model

Copy BaseCase

ExpandSchedule

8760Lighting

Create Scenario 1

Create Scenario 2

Create Scenario 3

Create Scenario 4

BaseCaseBase

CaseBaseCaseScenario

4

Event 1Event 2…Event n

Events

95



96

DR Lighting Controls Data Collection Tasks

● Additional data required● Utility DR program goals, enrollment and

participation rates● Standard practice lighting control systems in

offices and retail >10k/20k/50k sf● Baseline lighting cost (wiring, controls, etc)

● Controllable Lighting CASE

● Cost of DR-capable devices or wiring● Controllable Lighting CASE

● 2013 nonresidential new construction estimates● 2011 TDV values



97

DR Lighting Controls Specific Stakeholders Required

● Design & Engineering Community● 2008 Title 24 Compliant Layouts for baseline comparison

● Lighting Manufacturers & Distributors● Product cost data and features

● Code Officials & Contractors● Enforcement practices and barriers

● Owners & End Users● Specific technical barriers, costs, and opportunities

● IOU DR Program managers● DR program goals and participation/opt-out rates



98

Work Cited

1) G.R. Newsham, S Mancini, and R.G. Marchand. Detection and acceptance of demand-responsive lighting in office with and without daylight. National Research Council Canada, 2008. http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/obj/irc/doc/pubs/nrcc50324/nrcc50324.pdf

2) Heschong Mahone Group. (2009). High Efficiency Office Low Ambient/Task Lighting: Large Office. Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PGE 0819). http://www.etcc-ca.com/component/content/article/21/2892-high-efficiency-office-low-ambienttask-lighting-large-office-

3) Rubinstein, F., Kiliccote, S., (2007). Demand Responsive Lighting: A Scoping Study. Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory (LBNL-62226).

4) Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs.

5) Roth, Kurt W., Westphalen, Detlef, Feng, Michael Y., Llana, Patricia, Quartararo, Lous, (2005). Energy Impact of Commercial Building Controls and Performance Diagnostics: Market Characterization, Energy Impact of Building Faults and Energy Savings Potential. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE-50528).


Any Questions?Demand Responsive Lighting Controls

Josh Rasin


[email protected]


Upgradeable Setback Thermostats Stakeholder Meeting #1

Energy SolutionsHeschong Mahone Group, Inc.

July 7, 2010


7/7/2010Upgradeable Setback Thermostats

101

Upgradeable Setback Thermostats

● Add communication to thermostats● Enable customer response triggered by

● Price Signals if customer is on a time-variant rate and registers their thermostat in a price response program

● Event Signals if customer enrolls in a demand response program

● Create familiarity with products that enable demand response and energy management



102

Background

● State Bill 6951

● Allows for implementation as default rates for residential customers:● Time-variant pricing, with bill protection

– After January 1, 2013

● Time-variant pricing, without bill protection– After January 1, 2014

● Real-time pricing, without bill protection– After January 1, 2020

1. Full text of SB 695 available at: http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/sen/sb_0651-0700/sb_695_bill_20091011_chaptered.html



103

Background

● PCT CASE during 2008 code cycle● Built-in one-way communication (RDS)

● Added expansion slot to allow utility or service provider to utilize different communication method

● Mandatory response to emergency events● Met with political resistance

● This is different



104

Smart Grid & Customer Interface

● Standards● National Institute of Standards &

Technology (NIST) efforts● “Competing” standards & protocols

● Communicating thermostats● Market overview

● Communication types● Integrated● Modular


Standards

● NIST● Smart Grid Interoperability Standards

Project● Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of

2007● NIST “coordinate[s] development of a

framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…”

7/7/2010

105

Upgradeable Setback Thermostats Source: http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/


Standards

● NIST● Domain Expert Working Groups (DEWGs):

● Formed by the GridWise Architecture Council (appointed by the U.S. DOE) and NIST, which will report on the state of electric smart-grid standards to U.S. Congress

● The Home-to-Grid DEWG (H2G DEWG):– Is investigating communications between utilities and home devices

to facilitate demand response programs

– Has written the following white papers:• “Requirements”

• “The Key Starting Point for a Business Level Roadmap to Achieve Interoperable Networks, Systems, Devices in the Smart Grid”

• “Privacy of Consumer Information in the Electric Power Industry”

– Is working on:• “Free Market Choice for Appliance Physical Layer Communications”

Source: http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/ 7/7/2010

106



Standards

● SmartGrid priority action plans1. Guidelines for the Use of IP Protocol Suites for Smart Grid2. Guidelines for the Use of Wireless Communications3. Develop Common Specification for Price and Product Definition4. Develop Common Scheduling Mechanism for Energy Transactions5. Standard Meter Data Profiles6. Demonstrate Common Semantic Model Translations for End Device Data7. Energy Storage Interconnection Guidelines8. CIM for Distribution Grid Management9. Standard DR Signals10. Standard Energy Usage Information11. Develop and standardize common object models for electric

transportation12. IEC 61850 Objects/DNP3 Mapping13. Time Synchronization, IEC 61850 Objects/IEEE C37.118 Harmonization14. Transmission and Distribution Power Systems Model Mapping

7/7/2010

107



Standards

● NIST list of SmartGrid standards● Framework draft includes:

● Standards for security and interoperability

● Roughly 80 standards and specifications to support the Smart Grid;

● Important but not listed:– basic connectivity standards

– data networking standardsStandard ApplicationOpen Automated Demand Response (Open ADR)

Price responsive and direct load control

OpenHAN Home Area Network device communication, measurement, and control

ZigBee/HomePlug Smart Energy Profile

Home Area Network (HAN) Device Communications and Information Model

7/7/2010

108



Communicating Thermostats

● Aprilaire● Computime● Comverge● Control4● Cooper/Cannon● ecobee● Energate

● GE● HAI● Honeywell● Proliphix● RCS● Tendril● Venstar

● Market overview

7/7/2010

109




110

Communication Types

● Integrated Communication● Majority of currently available products

offer integrated communication● Built-in radio antenna or network port● Common communication examples:

– Wi-Fi (802.11b/g/n), ZigBee (802.15.4), Insteon,Z-Wave (proprietary RF system), Cat5 (TCP/IP)

– Others…

● There are also multiple protocols to facilitate the command and control of the thermostat

– Smart Energy Profile, OpenADR– Others…



111

Communication Types

● Modular Communication● Defines protocols for:

● Pin layout / form factor

● Application layer– Data transfer (communication module device)

● Examples:● SDIO prototype developed by LBNL

● U-SNAP (Utility Smart Network Access Port)


Communication Types

● Modular Communication● U-SNAP Alliance Members

● Module developers● Thermostat manufacturers

– Comverge– Intwine Energy– Radio Thermostat Company of America / Golden

Power

● U-SNAP Communication Modules● Wi-Fi

– GainSpan– RF-Digital– ZeroG Wireless / Intwine Connect– Radio Thermostat Company of America

• Also provide ZigBee and Z-wave modules


112



113

Existing Integrators & Service Providers

● Utilities expected to offer programs for customers using communicating thermostats

● Expanding list of 3rd parties also offering energy management services and load management services including an interface between the user and the communicating thermostat including:● Agile Waves

● Control4

● EnergyHub

● Our Home Spaces

● Tendril

● Trilliant


Data Collection Tasks

● Industry● Standards for communication

● NIST● Individual Standards Development Organizations

● Flexibility & Interoperability● Integrated or Modular or both?● Multi-lingual or single language/protocol integration?● Pre-Programmed response or customer programmed?

● Cost● Integrated communications● Modular communications● Upgradability

7/7/2010

114



Any Questions?Upgradeable Setback Thermostats

Josh Rasin


[email protected]

controls and demand response topics: stakeholder meeting...

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