MEETINGS OF THE HEADS OF STATE OR GOVERNMENT

COPENHAGEN14-15 DECEMBER 1973

Documents in the dossier include:

Preparation for the Summit ConferenceReproduced from the Bulletin of the European Communities, No. 11 , 1973

The Copenhagen Summit ConferenceReproduced from the Bulletin of the European Communities No. 12 , 1973

Communique of the European Community "Summit " Meeting and AnnexesEuropean Community Background Information No. 29/1973

European Coimnunity Information ServiceWashington DC

Europe: EU Summit

Mr. Edward Heath, Prime Minister in the House of Commons on December 18 , 1973British Information Services

New York, NY

4. Preparationfor the SummitConference

The Initiative

1401. At his press conference of 27 Septem-ber President Pompidou had suggested that theHeads of State or Government of the EECMember States should meet from time to time todiscuss political cooperation. At that timeMr Pompidou had said

, '

, for instance , it is felt

that, to develop more rapidly, political cooper-ation must from time to time-not too often butnevertheless regularly-be discussed betweenthose with the highest responsibility and betweenthem alone , then I support this and am preparednot to take the initiative but to talk about it withour partners.

1402. Speaking at the Conservative PartyCongress at Blackpool on 13 October 1973 , theBritish Premier, Mr Edward Heath , also favou-red regul ar meetings between Heads of Gover-nment, possibly twice a year. Mr Heath hadthis to say:

I believe that already some of my colleagues asHeads of Government feel the need for us to gettogether regularly without large staffs so that wecan jointly guide the Community along the pathwe have already set. I would like to see theHeads of Government of the Member Countriesof the Community meeting together, perhapstwice a year, as 1 have said , alone and withoutarge staffs with the President of the Commis-sion being present, as he was at the Summit, onmatters which concern the Commission. would hope that my partners would respond toan initiative of this kind.

Our purpose in meeting together would be to laydown the broad direction of European policy, tokeep up the momentum towards greater unity inforeign policy, to help forward the working outof common internal policies within the Commu-nity: and so to agree upon the strategic issuesfacing the Community as to avoid the damagingcontroversies which so often appear to the publicto dog the deliberations in Brussels...

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Preparation Summit Conference

1403. In the wake of Middle East develop-ments President Pompidou on 31 October reite-rated the idea he had put forward in Septem-ber. He had asked his Government to suggestto the other Community Governments that decision be taken on the principle of regularmeetings between Heads of Government, thefirst of which should be held before the end of1973. At the Ministers ' council , President Pom-pidou made the following statement which wassubsequently published:

In the light of recent events , we are obliged tofind that the cease-fire and the efforts towardsopening negotiations were prepared and effectedwith no participation by Europe in any formwhatsoever. This is a dangerous way of doingthings since experience has shown that thetete-a-tete of the two major powers, the USA andthe USSR , could both serve the easing of tensionand lead to comprehensive confronta-tion. Moreover, this approach does not tallywith the role which should be taken by theEuropean countries who are all the same directlyaffected by the Middle East both historically andgeographically and through all kinds of ties withthe Mediterranean countries concerned withbasic economic interests. Because of this andmany other reasons and in reaffirming the loyal-ty to our alliances and to cooperation with theEast it seems to me absolutely necessary toprovide manifold proof of the solidarity behindthe construction of Europe and of her capacity tohelp in settling world problems.

The French Government therefore intends topropose to Its partners:

A. At political level:

(i) that a decision be taken on the principleaccording to precise rules, of regular meetingsbetween only the Heads of State or Govern-ment, with the aim of comparing and. harmoni-zing their outlooks under the concept of politicalcooperation. The first of such meetings shouldbe held before the end of 1973;

Preparation Summit Conference

(ii) that, at this initial meeting, a procedure befinalized which lays down that when crises ariseemergency meetings will be held between therepresentatives of the nine governments assignedto define and adopt as far as possible a jointattitude on the part of those governments.

B. At economic and monetary level:

(i) that a forthcoming meeting of FinanceMinisters propose to the nine governments thevital measures to ensure the stability of theircurrency and enable it to resist the currents ofspeculation;

(ii) that a meeting of Economy Ministers drawup a concerted plan of resistance against infla-tion now necessitated more than ever by therising prices of energy. These two meetingsshould take place with the usual attendance ofthe European Economic Commission.

Agreement to hold the Conference

1404. Despite various reservations, Mr Pom-pidou s proposals were by and large welcomed.

But in Brussels the Commission intimated that itwanted to be brought into any debate betweenHeads of State or Government which might bearon issues under Community jurisdiction.

On 2 November, M~ Anker j0rgensen , the PrimeMinister of Denmark, which is now holding,Presidency of the EEC Council , decided to call Summit Conference for mid-December. Accord-ing to the Danish Premier, not only foreignpolicy might be discussed, the meeting shouldalso tackle various economic problems arising inthe Community such as oil supplies and thebattle against inflation.

Belgium welcomed the move to hold a Sv:nmitConference. But it was recalled that it wasonly France who had replied in the negative to aletter from Mr Van Elslande , the Belgian Foreign

Preparation Summit Conference

Minister, to his counterparts in which on13 October he had asked that the Nine gettogether on the Middle East problem.

In Germany, the spokesman of the FederalGovernment declared that Mr Pompidou s pro-

posal to organize a Summit matched the ideas ofthe Federal Government. On 7 NovemberChancellor Brandt expressed his satisfaction thatMr j0rgensen had immediately proposed holdingthe meeting in Copenhagen. But the Chancellorrecalled that Mr Heath and himself had advoca-ted regular 'Summits before Mr Pompidoumove. Mr Brandt also held that the Commis-sion should not be left out of Community deci-sions. The Bonn Government further an-nounced that it was ready to accept the regularholding of Summit meetings.

The Dutch Government while accepting ameeting a Head of Sta te or C;overnment levelbefore the end of 1973 , had reservations to makeconcerning periodic Summits. These reserva-tions mirror the Dutch misgivings over seeing,through such meetings, a 'directory ' of majorpowers set up within the Community.

The proposal for a new Summit Conference wassympathetically received by the other MemberStates.

1405. Once all the Member States' govern-ments had agreed to hold a new Conference , theForeign Ministers of the Nine agreed on5 November to set it for 14-15 December inCopenhagen.

During their Conference in Copenhagen on20-21 November, the Foreign Ministers of theNine reached agreement on the organization ofthe 'Summit . As the President-in-Office of theCouncil Mr Andersen the Danish ForeignMinister, put it, the December Summit wouldnot have the same 'ambitious and large-scalecharacter ' as the Paris and Hague meetings.

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Preparation Summit Conference

The European Parliament s View

1406. During the sitting of 13 November1973 , the European Parliament passed a Resolu-tion on the Summit Conference declaring itselfprofoundly convinced that the international

situation and the situation within the Communi-ty itself call for the acceleration of the process ofEuropean unifircation which was solemnly deci-ded by the. Heads of State or Government at theParis Conference of 19-21 October 1972 with aview to achieving European unity.' The Housenoted with satisfaction that a new Summit Con-

ference would be held in December. It sum-mons the Member States to recognize that theEuropean Community must assert its position asa separate entity in the international context andto apply themselves without delay to the task ofevolving, in a spirit of solidarity, a Communitypolicy in all areas, including that of foreignpolicy ' and 'emphasizes , in this connection , thatthe existing Community structures must be utili-zed effectively and demands that all efforts toachieve European Union shall find their placewithin the framework of their Community.

Preparatory Work by the Commission

1407. The Commission actively prepared theCopenhagen meeting with regard to all aspectsinvolving the Community s authority. It madeknown its Opinions to the Heads of State orGovernment in two successive Communications;one covered the general development of Commu-nity work and the other dealt specifically withthe Community s responsabilities in the field of

energy.

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1. T~e CopenhagenSummit Conference

1101. The second Summit Conference of theHeads of State or Government was held inCopenhagen on 14-15 December. It was calledon the initiative of President Pompidou whoin the light of developments in the Near Easthad proposed that the Heads of State orGovernment should meet before the end 1973. Mr J ergensen, the Prime Minister ofDenmark, the country now holding the Presi-dency of the Council, then decided to convenethe Conference.

The Commission made strenuous preparationsfor it, covering all aspects involving the autho-rity of the Community. Two successive Com-munications were sent to the Heads of Stateor Government. In one of them which dealtwith the general development of Communitywork, the Commission recommended that theprocess of European union initiated at theParis Summit, be speeded up. The Commis-sion held that this matter was so importantthat it justified organizing and fostering theassociation of the quickening force of theEuropean peoples, especially of the politicalforces, with the preparation of the report anti-cipated in the Paris Communique. The otherCommunication bore specifically on the Com-munity s responsibilities with regard to energy.

The European Parliament took a position the Copenhagen Conference in two Resolu-tions.

Resolution of the European Parliament

1102. During the sitting of 12 December theEuropean Parliament passed the followingResolution2 in view of the Conference of Headsof State of Government on 14-15 December inCopenhagen:

The European Parliament,

On the eve of the Conference of Heads of Stateor Government on 14 and 15 December 1973:

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convinced that the present tensions ininternational relations, and their repercussionswithin the Community, make it even moreessential to advance the deadlines for achieving

European unionreaffirming the interdependence of econo-

mic and political integrationconsidering that the political identity of

Community Europe sho.uld enable Europe fulfil its world responsibilities and will facili-tate more effective dialogue and cooperationwith Europe s world partners and particularlywith the United States of America,

Considers

1. That the Community s increased responsi-

bilities in regard to both internal matters andinternational developments call more and morefor the establishment of a Community centreof policy decision making capable of assumingthe functions of a true and proper EuropeanGovernment backed up by Parliament towhich election by direct universal suffrage mustbe provided for straightaway and the strength-ening of whose powers of control and decisionmust be decided on immediately;

2. That occasional conferences of Heads ofState or Government can provide desirableopportunities for stimulus, and that, in thiscontext, they should make use of existing Com-munity institutions and their valuable expe-rience particularly that of the Commissionwhose participation is essential in mattersdirectly or indirectly concerning Communitypowers;

3. That the political determination expressedand the decisions taken by the Heads of State

1 The preparations for the Conference were describedin a Chapter of the previous Bulletin. Bull. EC 11-1973,points 1401 - 1407.2 OJ C 2 of 9. 1974, p. 41.

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or Government on 19 and 20 October 1972must be implemented in practical terms andthat the Community must therefore assert itscohesion and adapt its institutional structureto the needs of its new dimension "and the tasksdevolving on it;

Requests

4. That procedures be established and moreeffective and binding forms of common actionagreed in the field of external policy andsecurity, to enable the nine Member States toadopt a united position in response to inter-national events and to enable CommunityEurope to develop its own identity, which is anecessary condition of greater world stability;

5. That all necessary commitments be under-taken to make up for lost time within thecoming months in the achievement of Economicand Monetary Union and that the programmesof regional policy, social policy and industrialscientific and technological policy be imple-mented without delay;

6. That there be implemented immediatelyand in full solidarity a common energy policywhich, by adapting the existing Communitystructures to provide the essential coordinationof information and programmes in the MemberStates and the Community, will ensure withinthe framework of international cooperation abetter supply position in the medium and longterm;

7. That a plan of coordinated action be drawnup by the Community for a united fight againstinflation and its negative effects, with particularreference to the policy of full employmentwhich the Community must pursue;

8. That urgent measures be decided on reinforce Community structures both in regardto decision-making procedures and to placesof wo.rk and the conditions under which the

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mandates entrusted to. the individual institutionsare exercised;

9. Instructs its President to forward this Reso-lution to the Heads of State or Governmentof the Member States and to the Council andCommission of the European Communities.

The Confer~nce Proceedings

1103. The Conference of Heads of State orGovernment opened on 14 December 1973 atthe Bella Centret Copenhagen with an addressby the Danish Premier, Mr Anker j0rgensen:It is both a pleasure and an honour for me toextend a cordial welcome to the President ofFrance and the heads of government ofthe seven other members of the European Com-munity and their delegations at this Conferencein Copenhagen. For our part, we in Denmarkhave looked forward to this meeting as a wel-come opportunity to discuss a number ofimportant issues on the minds of all of us, andit is my hope that in the course of today andtomorrow we shall have a frank and fruitfulexchange of views. A feature peculiar to thissummit gathering is that it had been plannedas an opportunity for an interchange of views

by the heads of state or government of thenine EEC members. It is not a decision-making body for the Nine. There alreadyexist several established institutions and pro-cedures within which the nine Member Statescan debate specific issues and arrive at thenecessary decisions.

The purpose of this particular meeting is toattempt to inject new momentum and freshinspiration into the future development Europe. It was in this spirit that we took President Pompidou s invitation and convenedthis conference. I am convinced that I reflectthe views of my colleagues on this point.My welcome also embraces the many ne\vsmedia representatives. We consider the interest

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of the media to be an extremely positive sign-an expression of the concern surrounding theproblems with which we shall be dealing. It after all trough the press and other mass mediathat ideas and views are channelled out to awider public. The media have an importantjob to do in the process of developing Europeanco-operation on the open and democratic lineswe would like.

I trust and believe that the media representa-tives will approach their work in this spirit.

After my brief introduction we shall movedirectly to our talks which will be continuedtomorrow morning. Tomorrow afternoon therewill be a briefing at which the media will havethe opportunity to put questions. At 15.00 hourstoday the Danish Foreign Minister-in hiscapacity as chairman of the Danish ForeignRelations Committee-will give a brief accountof the European Identity Paper which it hasbeen agreed will be published in conjunctionwith this Conference.

am certain that the Conference will serve avery useful function with regard to the con-tinued development of European co-operationand the sense of a common European bond.It takes place at a time when series ofissues calls for-indeed demands-co-operationwithin Europe. The problems faced by theEuropean nations as a consequence of theMiddle East conflict indicate very clearly therelationship between the various aspects ofinternational development. Co-operation atevery level must proceed in gradual stages-would be a reckless policy to endeavour toforce the adoption of decisions for which thereis no solid working basis. The art of politicslies in seeking out areas of mutual contact-defining those mutual interests in the widestsense which can provide a basis for co-opera-tion. It is our intention with our talks todayand tomorrow to continue this process whichis the very heart of European relations.

Sum.mit Conference

Immense progress has been made in Europeover the past 25 years. In practical terms,European co-operation has produced results noone would have thought possible in the lightof experiences in the first half of this century.But the process must go on-stagnation wouldbe tantamount to a reversal.

In the past our problems have been chieflythose of an affluent society-the problems ofgrowth. We must however realise that thereis a constant risk that growth cannot continue-that instead we should direct our attentionto the task of maintaining full employment andmaking our society fit for human living.

But the factor common to all our problems-whether inflation, monetary instability, securityand detente, relations with our allies and majortrading partners-is that they require our widerco-operation. But this process should not becontrary to the interests of other nations orparts of the world. I want to stress that point.Our aim must be to solve our own problemswhile at the same time playing our appointedrole in the international community.

1104. The discussions of the national leaderstook place on Friday 14 and Saturday 15 De-cember. Except for the Friday afternoon ses-sion concerning the organization of politicalcooperation, the President of the CommissionMr Frans:ois Xavier Ortoli was present at allthe talks and working lunches. Alongside theConference a meeting of the Foreign Ministerswas also held.

The first day of the Conference was highlightedby the unexpected arrival of the ForeignMinisters of several Arab countries, namelyAlgeria, Tunisia, the Sudan and the Emirates.On the Friday night the Arab Ministers werereceived by the nine Foreign .Ministers to whomthe visitors gave a verbal message from theArab countries for the Conference. The follow-ing day the Arab Ministers were received by

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the Chairman of the Conference, Mr J 0rgensentogether with Mr Andersen, the Danish ForeignMinister who as President-in-Office for politicalcooperation was briefed to inform the ArabMinisters of the Community s initial reactionsto their message.

1105. The outcome of the deliberations ofthe Heads of State or Government emerged ina Declaration, made public at the close of theConference by its Chairman, Mr J 0rgensen, theDanish Premier. The Declaration on Europeanidentity, drawn up on the basis of politicalcooperation, was also published during theConference.

Final Communique issuedby the Conference Chairman

1106. 'The Heads of State or Governmentof the Member States of the European Co1n-munity met in Copenhagen on 14 and 15 De-cember 1973 at the invitation of the PrimeMinister of Denmark. he President of theCommission participated actively in their workon Community questions. They agreed follows:

1. The nine countries affirm their commonwill that Europe should speak with one voicein important world affairs. They adopted thedeclaration on the European identity, whichdefines, with the dynamic nature of the Com-munity in mind, the principles which are tounderlie their action.

2. They decided to speed up the workrequired to define the European Union whichthey had set themselves as their major objectiveat the Paris Summit. They asked the Presidencyto make the necessary proposals without delay.

3. They decided to meet more frequently.These meetings will be held whenever justified

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by the circumstances and when it appearsnecessary to provide a stimulus or to lay downfurther guidelines for the construction of united Europe. They also agreed to meetwhenever the international situation so requires.

It will be for the country providing the Presi-dent to convene these meetings and to makedetailed proposals concerning their preparationand organization.

The Heads of State or Government attach thegreatest importance to the Institutions of. theCommunity playing their full role .and to thenecessary decisions being taken there in goodtIme.

4. It was agreed that the Foreign Ministersof the Member States should, at their nextmeeting, decide on the means by which a com-

mon position should be worked out quickly intimes of crisis. The development of politicalcooperation will also enable them to makejoint assessments of crisis situations with the

aim of foreseeing them and of taking the meas-ures needed to deal with them.

5. They confirmed their support for the policyof international detente which respects theindependence and security of each State andthe rules laid down in the Charter of the UnitedNations for the prevention and settlement ofconflicts.

They agreed that the growing unity of theNine would strengthen the \Vest as a wholeand will be beneficial for the relationshipbetween Europe and the United States.

6. The Heads of State or Government wel-come the convening of a peace conference inGeneva and call on the participants to makeevery effort to achieve a just and lasting settle-

Point 2501.

. 9

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ment at an early date. The Nine Governmentsare ready to assist in the search for peace andin the guaranteeing of a settlement. They willinform the Secretary General of the UN thereof.

The Heads of State or Government reaffirmedthe united stand of their Governments on theMiddle East question embodied in the Declara-tion issued on 6 November. Recent eventshave strengthened them in their view that thesecurity of all states in the area, whether it Israel or her Arab neighbours, can only bebased on the full implementation of SecurityCouncil Resolution 242 in all its parts takinginto account also the legitimate rights of thePalestinians.

The Heads of State or Governments are con-vinced that the requirements of sovereignty andthe requirements of security can be met by theconclusion of peace agreements includingamong other arrangements international guar-antees and the establishment of demilitarizedzones.

7. As regards the European Communities, theHeads of State or Government reaffirmed theimportance they attach to what the Communityhas already achieved and their will to see itdevelop. After examining the progress alreadymade in implementing earlier decisions theyagreed:

(i) to invite the Community institutions totake measures to achieve more rapid progresstowards the full establishment of economic andmonetary union building on the decisionsalready taken;

(ii) to seek actively the definition of a com-mon position on reform of the internationalmoney situation, to increase the instruments atthe disposal of the European Monetary Coope-ration Fund and to strenghten the coordinationof their action to deal with de-stabilizingcapital movements, in order to create an areaof stability' in Europe;

Summit Conference

(iii) the Heads of State or Government agreedthat the Regional Development Fund should beestablished on 1 January 1974. As an expres-sion of their positive attitude to the establish-ment of the Fund agreed to recommend to theirForeign Ministers that the Council of theEuropean Communities at its next session shalltake the necessary decisions concerning the sizeand the distribution of the Fund and the criteriafor the Fund's operations;

(iv) to implement a social action programmehaving as its aims the achievement of full andbetter employment in the Community, theimprovement of living and working conditionsin way which makes possible theirharmonization while the improvement is beingmaintained and growing participation by thesocial partners in the Co.mmunity s economicand social decisions and by workers in theactivitites of enterprises;

(v) to make the functioning of the Com-munity s institutions more effective by improv-ing cooperation between the Council, the Com-mission and the Parliament, by a more rapidprocedure for the settlement of questionssubmitted to the Community authorities andby reinforcing its financial control, involvinginter alia the establishment of an independentCommunity Audit Board and the strengtheningof the role of the European Parliament in Bud-getary matter;

(vi) that the Foreign Ministers at the nextsession of the Council of the European Com-munities find a solution to enable the FaroeIslands to postpone their decision concerningmembership of the European Communitiesuntil the result of the Conference on the Lawof the Sea is known;

(vii) the Heads of State or Governmentmindful of the importance they attach to prob-lems arising from international trade in primaryproducts and raw materials, asked the Com-

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mission to prepare a detailed study and to putproposals to the Council;

(viii) to develop more actively between themcommon policy on industrial, scientific and

technological cooperation in all fields.

8. The Heads of State or Government haveconsidered the question of energy in a separate

paper, attached to this declaration.

9. The Heads of State or Government areconvinced that a united Europe will be able toplay a role consonant with its history and itsabilities in the service of economic and socialprogress in the Community, of the growth andindustrialization of developing countries andof peace between all nations.

Annex to the Summit Conference Final Communique

Energy

The Heads of State or Government consideredthat the situation produced by the energy crisisis a threat to the world economy as a whole;affecting not only developed but also develop-ing countries. A prolonged scarcity of energyresources would have grave effects on produc-tion, employment and balances of paymentwithin the Community.

The Heads of State or Government thereforeagreed on the necessity for the Community oftaking immediate and effective action along thefollowing lines.

The Council should adopt at its session of17-18 December 1973, the Community instru-ments which will enable the Commission toestablish by 15 January 1974 comprehensiveenergy balance sheets covering all relevantaspects of the energy situation in the Com-munity.

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The Commission should on this basis proceedto examine all present or foreseeable repercus-sions of the energy supply situation on produc-tion employment, prices and balances ofpayments, as well as on the development monetary reserves.

The Heads of State or Government ask theCommission to present by 31 January 1974proposals on which the Council will be invitedto decide as quickly as possible and in principlebefore 28 February 1974, to ensure the orderlyfunctioning of the common market for energy.

In this context the Commission is asked tosubmit to the Council as quickly as possible

for rapid decision proposals aimed at resolvingin a concerted manner the problems raised bythe developing energy crisis.

For the same reasons they asked the Councilto adopt provisions to ensure that all MemberStates introduce on a concerted and equitablebasis measures to limit energy consumption.

With a view to securing the energy suppliesof the Community the Council will adopt acomprehensive Community programme alternative sources of energy. This programmewill be designed to promote a diversificationof supplies by developing existing resourcesaccelerating research in new sources of energyand creating new capacities of productionnotably a European capacity for enrichment ofuranium, seeking the concerted harmoniousdevelopment of existing projects.

The Heads of State or Government confirmedthe importance of entering into negotiationswith oil-producing countries on comprehensivearrangements comprising cooperation on wide scale for the economic and industrialdevelopment of these countries, industrialinvestments and stable energy supplies to themember countries at reasonable prices.

They furthermore considered it useful to studywith other oil-consuming countries within the

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framework of the OECD ways of dealing withthe common short and long term energy prob-lems of consumer countries.

The Council should establish at its session of17-18 December 1973 an Energy Committeeof Senior Officials which is responsible forimplementing the energy policy measuresadopted by the Council.

The Commission s Reactions

1107. Immediately after the Conference Heads of State and Government, Mr Ortolithe President of the Commission made thefollowing statement:

The conclusions reached by the Heads of Stateor Government on the Community attitudetowards the energy crisis are', a significant stepforward which I welcome.

The Commission has in the past workedunremittingly to promote a common energypolicy. It has also submitted proposals for thecreation of a European uranium enrichmentcapacity, by developing side by side the twoexisting projects. Since the beginning of theenergy crisis it has put before the Councilproposals for maintaining the unity of the com-mon market and the de facto solidaritydeveloped by the Treaties between economieswhich are henceforward interdependent.

The conclusions reached by the Heads of Stateor Government clear the way for genuine Com-munity action. On the two key points ofensuring the orderly functioning of the com-mon energy market and of 'solving by con-certed action the problems raised by develop-ments in the present energy crisis , the Com-mission intends to act with the greatest dili-gence in submitting the proposals requested;these will be largely based on the studies ithas already carried out and the proposals has already put before the Council.

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The Commission also notes the will of theHeads of State or Government to develop aEuropean uranium enrichment capacity whichwill help make the Community more indepen-dent as regards energy. The offer of coopera-tion agreements with oil-producing countriesalso corresponds to positions that the Commis-sion has constantly upheld.

The Copenhagen Summit has given Europe, at

a vital moment, the impulse for which it waswaiting. '

1108. The Commission meeting on 16 De-cember to prepare for the action to be takenon the conclusions of the Copenhagen SummitConference, issued the following Communiqueon 17 December:

The conclusions which the Heads of State orGovernment have reached with the help of theCommission mark a significant progress whichthe Commission welcomes.

The Commission considers that the leaders ofEurope at the highest level have clearly showntheir will to continue to advance rapidly inthe building of Europe.

In the energy field particularly, the conclusionsof the Heads of State or Government open theway for a genuine community action in thedirection that the Commission, both in thepast and in recent weeks, has attempted define and promote.

The 'Summit , as was its role, has laid downthe principal guidelines and has provided theexpected momentum. N ow it is up to theCommunity Institutions to take the decisionswhich European opinion is awaiting.

The Council of 17 and 18 December will bethe first opportunity to put into practice thepolitical will expressed in Copenhagen.

The Commission has in fact taken the neces-sary steps to initiate action on the Summitrequirements concerning energy.

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D I N F ie.

EUROPEAN COMMUNITY INFORMATION SERVICE

2100 M Street NW , Washington DC 20037 Telephone (202) 872-8350New York Office: 277 Park Avenue , New York NY 10017 Telephone (212) 371-3804

BACKGROUND NOTE

NOe 29/1973

December 20, 1973

COMMUNIQUE OF EUROPEAN COMMUNITY " SUMMIT" MEETING

AND ANNEXES

Danish Prime rVlinister Anker J!6rgensen issued the following

statement on December 15, 1973, after the December 14-15

meeting of Heads of State and Government of the

European Community in Copenhagen Bee a us e Denmark

ClILrently holds the rotating office of presidency

of the EC Council of Ministers! the Danish Prime

Minister was spokesman for -the "Nine iii Ii

The Heads of State or Government of the ~ States of the European

CorTImunity met in Copenhagen on December 14 and 15, 1973 at the invitation of the

Pr ime rVJin i s t er f Denmar k The President of the Commission participated actively.

in their work on Commmi ty questions..

They agreed as follO\tilS

This material is prepared , issued, and circulated by the European Community Information Service, 2100 M Street , NW, Suite 707 , Washington, DC 20037which is registered under the Foreign Agents Registration Act as an agent of the Commission of the European Communities , Brussels, Belgium. Thismaterial is filed with the Department of Justice where the required registration statement is available for public inspection. Registration does not indicateapproval of the contents of the material by the United States Government.

1. ) The nine countries affirm their conmon will that Europe should speak

wi th one voice in important war 1d affairs" They adopted the declaration on the

European identity (Annex 11) mich defines, with the dynamic nature of the

Corrmunity in mind, the principles "Which are to underlie their action"

2" ) They decided to speed up the 'WOrk required to define the European union

which they had set themselves as their major objective at the Paris summit.

They asked the Presidency to mak.e the necessary proposals without delay

3" ) They decided to meet rrore frequently" These rreetings will be held

whenever justified by the circumstances and men it appears necessary to provide

stimu.l us or to lay down further guidelines for the construction of a United

Europe They also agreed to meet whenever the international situation so requires

It "V\7ill be for the COUIltry ovi ding the President to convene these

meetings and to make detailed proposals concerning their preparation and organization9

The Heads of State or Government attach the greatest importance to the

insti tutions of the Corm.mni ty playing their full role and to the necessary

decisions being -taken there in good time

It was agreed that the Foreign Ministers of the Member States should, at

their next meeting; decide on the means by "Which a corrrnon posi tion should be

worked out quickly in times of crisis

The development of poli tical cooperation will also enable them to make

joint assessments of crisis situations 1 wi th the aim of foreseeing them and of

taking the measures needed to deal with them

Sc ) They confi:rmed their support for the policy of international detente

which respects the independence and security of each state and the rules laid

down in the Charter of the Uni ted Nations for the prevention and settlenent of

confusion

6.. ) They agreed that the growing unity of the Nine "WOuld strengthen the West

as a whole and will be beneficial for the relationship between Europe and the

Uni ted States..

The Heads of State or Goverrunent welcome the convening of a peace

conference in Geneva and call on the participants to make every effort to achieve

a just and lasting settlement at an early datee The nine Goverrments are ready

to assist in the search for peace and in the guaranteeing of a settlement

The Heads of State or Goverrnnent reaffi~d the united stand of theirGoverrunents on the Middle East question embodied in the declaration issued on

November 6 e Recent events have strengthened them in their view that the securi

of all states in the area, whether it be Israel or her Arab neighbors, can only

be based on the full implementation of Security Council Resolution 242 in all its

parts taking into accoun"t also the legi timate I. ights of the Palestinians

The Heads of State or Government are convinced that the requirements of

so.vereignty and the requirements of securi ty can be Il1et by the cone I usion.

peace agreerne..11ts inel tiding arrong other arrangements international guarantees and

the establishment of dernili tarized zones

They vvill infoTITI Jche Secretary General of the UN thereof

"As regards the European Comnunities, the Heads of State or Government

reaffirmed the importance they attach to what the Conmunity has already achieved

a11d their will to see it develop0 After examining the progress already made in

implementing earlier decisions they agreed:

To invite the Conmuni ty insti tu.tions to take measures to achieve more rapid

progress tovva.rds the full establishrnent of economic and monetary union building

on the decisions already taJ-cen..

.....

To seek actively the definition of a co:mrron position on reform of the

international monetary situation, to increase the instruments at the disposal

of the European :Monetary Cooperation Fund, and to strengthen the coordination of

their action to deal with destabilizing capi tal IIDvenents, in order to create

an area of stability in Europe

The Heads of state and Government agreed that the Regional Development Fund

should be established on January 1, 1974. As an expression of their positive

attitude to the establishment of the Fund they agreed to reconmend to their

Foreign Ministers that the Council of the European Communities at its next session

shall take the necessary decisions concerning the size and the distribution of

the Fund and the cri ter ia for the Fund' s operations

To mike the functioning of the Community s insti tutions rrore ef fecti ve

irrproving cooperation between the Council, the Comnission and the Par liament

by a rrore rapid procedure for the settl~nt of questions submitted to theCommuni ty authori ties and by reinforcing its financial control, involving inter

alia the establishment of an independent Communi ty Audit Board and the strengthening

of the role of the European Par liament in budgetary natters

That the Foreign Ministers at the next session of the Council of the European

Communities fino. a solution to enable the Faroe Islands to postpone their

decision concerning :rrernbership in the European Communities until the result of the

Conference on the law of the Sea is knOVJI1

To irrplement a social action program having as its aim the achievement of full

and better employment in the Communi ty 1 the irrprovement of living and "WOrk~g

condi tions -in a way which mikes possible their harrronization ~lile the improvement

is being maintained and growing participation by the social partners in the

Communi ty s economic and social decisions and by vvorkers in the acti vi ties of

en terpr i ses

5 -

The Heads of State or Government, mindful of the importance they attach to

problems arising from international trade in primary products and raw materials,

asked the Comnission to prepare a detailed study and to put proposals to the

Council

To develop nore actively between them a cornrron policy on industrial, scientific,

and technological cooperation in all fields

90 ) The Heads of State or Government have considered the question of energy

in a separate paper 1 attached to this declaration.

lOe The Heads of State or Government are convinced that a United Europe will

be able to play a role consonant with its history and its abilities in the service

of economic and social progress in the Communi ty of the growth and industrialization

of developing counties 1 and of peace between all nations

Annex I6 -

ANNEX TO THE Ca.1MUNICATION OF THE PRESIDENCY

ENERGY

The Heads of State or Governnent considered that the si tuation produced by the

energy crisis is a threat to the world economy as a wholel affecting not only

developed but also developing countries A prolonged scarci ty of energy resources

would have grave effects on production em.ployment, and balances of payment wi thin

the Communi ty

The Heads of State or Government therefore agreed on the necessity for

the Corrmuni ty to take inmediate and effective action along the following lines:

The Council should adopt at its session of December 17-18, 1973, the

Comnuni ty instruments, which will enable. the Commission to establish by January

15, 1974, comprehensive energy balance sheets covering all relevant aspects of

the energy .si tuation in the Corrmuni ty

The commission should on this basis proceed to' examine all present or

foreseeable repaJcussions of the energy supply si tuation on production 1 employment,

prices and balances of payments f as well as on the development of rronetary

reserves

The Heads of State or Government ask the Commission to present by January

31, 1974, proposals on which the Council will be invited to decide as quickly as

possible; and in principle before February 28, 1974, to ensure the orderly

functioning of the COlIuron :Market for energy.

In this context the Commission is asked to submit to the Council as quickly

as possible for rapid decision proposals a.irred at resolving in a concerted manner

the problems raised by the developing energy crisis

For the sane reasons they asked the Council to adopt provisions to ensure

that all Member States introduce on a concerted and equi table basis neasures to

limi. t energy consumption..

Wi th a view to securing the energy supplies of the Corrtmuni. ty the Council

will adopt a comprehensive Conmuni ty program on al ternati ve sources of energy.

This program will be designed to prorrcte a diversification of supplies by

developing existing resources, accelerating research in new sources of energy,

and creating new capacities of production, notably a European capacity for

enrichment of uranium, seeking the concerted ha.rnDnious developrrent of existing

pro j ects

The Heads of State or Government confirrred the importance of entering

into negotiations wi th oil-producing countries on comprehensive arrangements

comprising cooperation on a wide scale for the economic and industrial developrrent

of these countries, industrial invest:rrents, and stable energy supplies to the

member countries at reasonable prices

They furthernDre considered it useful to study with other oil-consuming

countries, wi thin the fra.rnevJOrk of the Organization for Economic Coopera-tion and

Development (OEeD) f ways of dealing with tl1e common short-and long- term energy

problems of consumer countries

The Council should establish at its session. of December 17-18, 1973, an

Energy Comnittee of senior officials which is responsible for implementing the

energy policy measures adopted by the Council..

Annex II

DE'CIARATION ON - EUROPE' S IDENTITY

The following text was issued in Copenhagen by the

Heads of State or Government of the EuroJ?ean

Community s nine member countries on December 14,

the opening day of their tvvo-day II Summit " meeting

The nine member com tries of the EuroJ?ean Comnunities have decided that

the tiTre has cane to draw up a document on the European identity This will

enable them to achieve a better definition of their relations with other

countries and of their responsibili ties and the place which they occupy in war

af fairs. They have decided to define the European identity with the dynamic

nature of the Community in mind. They have the intention of carrying the

work further in the future in the light of the progress ma.de in the construc.tion

0 f a uni ted Europe

Defining the European identity involves:

Reviewing the comron heri tage , interests and special obligations of the

Nine, as well as the degree of uni ty so far achieved within the Comrmmi ty .

Assessing the extent to which the Nine are already acting together in relation

to the rest of the war ld and the resJ?Onsibili ties which resul t from this

Taking into consideration the dynamic nature of European unification.

The uni ty of the Nine IYJernber Countries of the Carrmuni

The nine European states might have been pushed towards disunity by

their history and by selfishly defending misjudged interests. But they have

overco:rre their past enmities and have decided that uni ty is a basic European

necessity to insure the survival of the civilization which they have in comrron.

The Nine wish to insure that the cherished values of their legal, J?Olit:Lcal,

and moral orders are respected, and to preserve the rich variety of their national -

cultures. Sharing as they do the same atti tudes to life, based on a determination

to build a society which measures up to the needs of the individual, they are

determined to defend the principles of representative denDcracy, of the rule of

law or social justice -- which is the ul tinate goal of economic progress -- and

of respect for human rights All of these are fundamental elerrents of the European

identity The Nine believe tha t this enterprise corresJ?Onds to the deepest

aspirations of their peoples, who should participate in its realization, particularly

through their elected representatives.

10 -

20) The Nine have the poli tical will to succeed in the construction of a

uni ted Europe On the basis of the Treaties of Paris and Rorre setting. up the

European Comnuni ties and of subsequent decisions, they have created a Comron

Market, based on a customs union, and have established insti tutions , comron

policies and ma.chinery for cooperation. All these are an essential part of the

European identi ty. The Nine are determined to safeguard the eleIT1Emts which make

up the unity they have achieved so far and the fund.aIrental objectives laid down

for future develop:rrent at the Surrmi t conferences in The Hague and Paris. On th

1basis of the Luxembourg and Copenhagen reports ,the nine Governments have establ

a system of political cooperation with a view to determining comrron attitudes

and, where possible and desirable 1 cornrron action They propose to develop this

further In accordance wi th the decision taken at the Paris conference, the Nil

reaffi:rm their intention of transforming the whole complex of their relations

into a EUropean union before the end of the present decadee

3 e ) The diversity of cul tures wi thin the frame 'WOrk of a comron Eur:'opean

civilization, the attachment to comron values and principles 1 the increasing

convergence of attitudes to life, the awareness of having specific interests in

aaron 1 and the determination to take part in the construction of a uni ted

Eur:'ope 1 all give the Eur:'opean identi ty its originali ty and its ovvn dynarniSffie

40) The construction of a 1ll1i ted Eur:'ope, which the nine rrember co1ll1tries of

the COi.~rmm.i ty are undertaking, is open to other Eur:'opean nations \vho share the

same ideals and objectives.

50) The European countries have f in the course of their history 1 developed

close ties with many other parts of the war Id" These relationships mich wil)

continue to evolve, consti tute an assurance of progress and international

equilibr i urn 0

6. ) Al though in the past the European countries were indi vidual 1 y able

to play a ma.jor role on the international scene, present international problems

are difficult for any of the Nine to solve alone. International developments

and the growing concentration of power and responsibility in the hands of a

very small ntm1ber of great powers mean that Europe must unite and speak

increasingly with a single voice if it wants to nake itself heard and play

its proper role in the 'War ld..

7. ) The Communi ty, the vvor Id ' s largest trading group, could not be a closed

enti ty . It has close links with the rest of the world as regards its supplies

and market outlets For this reason the Communi ty, while reTraining in control

of its own trading policies 1 intends to exert a posi ti ve influence on war

economic relations with a view to the greater well-being of all.

8. ) The Nine, one of whose essential aims is to rna.intain peace, will never

succeed in doing so if they neglect their 0'Wn security. Those of them who are

members of the Atlantic alliance consider that in present circumstances there

is no al ternati ve to the securi ty provided by the nuclear weapons of the United

States and by the presence of North American forces in Europe; and they agree

that in the light of the relative military vulnerability of Europe, the Europeans

should, if they wish to preserve their independence, hold to their corctmi tments

and make constant efforts to insure that they have adequate means of defense at

their disposal

The European Identi ty in Relation to the War

9. ) The Europe of the Nine is aware that as it unites l it takes on new

international obligations European unification is not directed against

anyone, nor is it inspired by a desire for IX'wer. On the contrary, the Nine are

convinced that their union will benefit the whole international comrn.mity since

it will constitute an ele:rrent of equilibri1.ID1 and a basis for cooperation wi

all countries, whatever their size, culture, or social system. The Nine intend

to play an active role in VJOr ld affairs and thus to contribute in accordance

wi th the purposes and principles of the Uni ted Nations Charter, to insuring

that international relations have a IIDre just basis, that prosperity is rrore

equitably shared, and that the security of each country is rrore effectively

guaranteed In pursuit of these objectives the Nine should progressively

define cornrron IX'si tions in the sphere of foreign IX'licy

10. ) As the Com:nuni ty progresses toward a com:non IX'licy in relation to third

countries 1 it will act in accordance with the following principles:

The Nine, acting as a single entity, will strive to proIIDte

harmonious and constructive relations with these countries This should not

however, jeopardize, hold back! or affect the will of the Nine to progress

towards European union wi thin the time limi ts laid down

In future when the 1~ine negotiate collectively with other countries,

the institutions and procedures chosen should enable the distinct character of

the European enti ty to be respected

In bilateral contacts wi th other countries, the States of

the Canmunity will increasingly act on the basis of agreed com:non IX'sitionss

II\) The t~ine intend to strengthen their links, in tl1e present insti tut iona 1

frarneVvDrk, wi th the member countries of the Council of Europe and with other

European countries with whom they already have friendly relations and close

coopera lion

-- 13

120 ) The Nine attach essential importance to the Communi ty ' s policy of

association Wi thout diminishing the advantages enjoyed by the countries

with which it has special relations, the Community intends progressively to

put into operation a policy for development aid on a 'WOr Idwide scale in

accordance with the principles and aims set out in the Paris surrmi t declaration

130 ) The Communi ty will irrplement its undertakings towards the Medi terranean

and African countries in order to reinforce its long- standing links wi th these

countries The Nine intend to preserve their historic links with the countries

of the Middle East and to cooperate over the establishment and rna.intenance of

peace, stabili ty, and progress in the region

14e The close ties between the Uni ted States and Europe of the Nine --

share values and aspirations based on a common heritage -- are mutually beneficial

and must be preserved; these ties do not conflict wi th the determination of the

Nine to establish themselves as a distinct and original entity The Nine intend

to main-tain their constructive dialogue and to develop their cooperation wi

the United States on the basis of equality and in a spiri t of friendship

15 OJ ) The Nine also remain determined to engage in close coopera lion and to

pursue a constructive dialogue with the other industrialized countries f such as

Japan. and Canada which have an essential role in maintaining an open and

balanced war ld economic system~ They apprecia te the existing frui tful cooperation

wi th these countries, particular y in the Organization for F.:conomic Cooperation

and Development OECD)

160 ) The Nine have contributed 1 both indi vidual y and collectively, tq the

first resul ts of a policy of detente and cooperation with the Soviet Union and

the East European comrtries They are determined to carry this policy further

forvvard on a reciprocal basis..

-- 14

170 Conscious of the major le played by China in international affairs, the

Nine intend to intensify their relations wi th the Chinese Government and to

proIIDte exchanges in various fields as well as contacts bebNeen European and

arinese leaders

18. ) The Nine are also aware of the important role played by other Asian

countrles They are determined to develop their relations wi th these countries

as is demonstrated, as far as comnercial relations are concerned, by the

declaration of intent made by the Corrmunity at the time of its enlargerrente

19. ) The Nine are traditionally bound to the latin-American countries by

friendly links and many other contacts; they intend to develop these.. In this

context they attach great importance to the agreenE11ts concluded between the

European Community and certain latin-American countries..

200 ) There can be no real peace if the developed countries do not pay IIDre

heed to the less favored nations Convinced of this fact, and conscious of

their responsibili ties and particular obligations, the Nine attach very great

importance to the struggle against underdevelopment They are 1 therefore

resolved to intensify their efforts in the fields of trade and development aid

and to strengthen international cooperation toward these endsq;

2le The Nine will participate in international negotiations in an outward-

looking spirit, while preserving the fundamental elenE11ts of their uni ty and

their basic aims They are also resolved to contribute to international progress,

both through their relations wi th third countries and by adopting comnon positions

wherever possible in international organizations 1 notably the Uni ted Nations

and the specialized agencies

- 15

III The Dynamic Nature of the Construction of a om ted Euro~

22" ) The European identi ty will evolve as a function of the dynamic of the

construction of a United Europe In their external relations, the Nine

propose progressively to undertake the definition of their identity in relation

to other countries or groups of col.IDtries. They believe that in so doing they

will strengthen their own cohesion and contribute to the framing of a genuinely

European foreign policy They are convinced that building up this policy will

help them to tackle with confidence and realism further stages in the construction

of a united Europe, thus rraking easier the proposed transfornation of the whole

complex of their relations into a European union.

BRITISH INFORMATION SERVICESPOLICY AND REFERENCE DIVISION.. .I~ 11.- ""1_11?'8-' \ 18 ., r- 'L 11 - - '.'118 'I I 1"'1 . bI.... 111"'.-

December 19, 1973 POLICY STATEMENTS'IIi -- f' , . Jb. 1Il. I"" ... II' I ..,... r

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On December 18 the Prime Minister, Mr. Edward Heath, reportedto the House of Commons on the EEC Summi t me eting in Copenhagen.

"The Heads of State or Goverrunent of the EuropeanCommunity met in Copenhagen on December 14 and 15.The Middle East crisis and its serious consequencesfor the industrializ ed world were in the forefrontand the meeting concentrated on these issues. Astatement was issued after the meeting and willappear in the Official Report.

The Community had restated its position that a Middle Eastsettlement should be within the framework of Security Council Resolu-tion 242 , said the Prime Minister.

"On the ~n:id.dle East , the Nil1.8 reaffirmed their decla-ration of November 6. They are ready to assist inthe search for peace and in the guaranteeing of asettlement , on the basis of the full i~mplementationof Security Council Resolution 242 in all its partstaking into account the legitimate rights of thePal est inians."Four Arab Foreign Ministers visited Copenhagen atthe time of the meeting and were received by thenine Foreign Ministers. The Danish Prime Ministerdrew their attention to the adverse effects of theoil cuts for both cleveloped and developing cotUltries.

/Both .

845 Third Avenue Ne\\T Y()rk, N. Y, 10022 , Telephone: (212) 752- 8400

This material is prepared, edited, issued or circulated by British Information Services, 845 Third Avenue, New York, New York10022, which is registered under the Foreign Agents Registration Act as an agent of the British Government. This material is filedwith the Department of Justice where the required registration statement is available for public inspection. Registration doesnot indicate approval of the contents of this material by the United States Government.

- 2

.....

Both short...term and long-term action 11ad been agreed, Mr. Heathtold the House.

"\1e also agreed that the Comrauni ty should. take irmne--diate action to review the facts of the energycrisis and to analyse the consequences for produc-tion, employment , prices, balance of payments andmonetary reserves in all member states. TheCommission will present proposals by January 1974 to ensure the orderly functioning of theCommon Market for energy.

For the longer--term the Council will adopt a com-prehensi ve Communi ty program on. al ternati va source sof energy.

"The Conference agreed on the importance of negotiat-ing cooperative arrangements wi th oil-producingcountries an.d of cons1ll tation with oil conswners.

There was no attempt to define action in detail , said the PrimeMinister. but rather to reach an agreed position on energy policyguidelines and deadline. He went on to list several other areas inffllich agreement had been reached.

flIt was agreed that the Regional Fund sho1lld beestablished on January 1 without any linlt: wi th thepassage to the second stage of Economic and MonetaryUnion. It is now for the Council to take the neces-sary practical decisions.

"Vie also agreed on the need for the Nine to \'Vork outcommon positions quicldy in times of crisis.Foreign Ministers will settle the detailed arrange-ments at their next meeting in February.

tt Finally we agre ed to me et more frequently, wheneverthe international situation so requires, and pro-bably at least once in each six Inonth Presidency.

In reply to supplementary questions , Mr. Heath gave an explana-tion on the Community approach to the energy crisis.

"VVhat we have done is to set doV'JJ:1 the arrangementsfor the Co~lluni ty to create the machinery to dealwi th both the short-term and the long-term.comprehensive energy policy in this situation meansthat the Communi ty should develop all of its re-sources of energy to the utmost extent where thatis economically justifiable.

IV As for the developing countries, we have lnade ourposition clear to the Arab countries -- that theyare not only dmnaging the Western industrialized

/vvorJ_d "

EFpc

... 3

world and putting a standstill on the standard living, or even depressing it, bUt are also affect-ing the developing countries , particularly India,for example. Vie have put a proposal to thera totake that into account in their present arrangements.

ttvVhat we did as Heads of Government was to ask theCommuni ty immediately to set up machinery which willbe able to discuss this with the oil~producingcountrie s as well as wi th the developing countrie s.The balance sheet is one of infonnation. Firstand foremost , the Community countries will be deal-ing with information at this present tinle on short-ages of energy of various types: they will thenmove on to the longer-term objectives as to whatwill be possible in the Community.

(prev. Ref. 79/73)

E If