copyright 2003 by mosby, inc. all rights reserved. chapter 1 health care of the past, present, and...
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Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER 1
HEALTH CARE OF THE PAST, PRESENT, and
FUTURE
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Health Care of the Past
• Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese• Ancient treatments
– Witch doctors– Herbalists
• Use of herbs and plants for medication
• Plagues caused millions of deaths• Hippocrates (460–377 B.C.)
– Father of modern medicine
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
History Healthcare Facilities
• 200 B.C. Buddhists in India established hospital for crippled, sick, or weary travelers.
• 1700 Hospitals were dark, overcrowded, and dirty.
• 1800 Hospitals began aseptic techniques and patient outcomes improved.
• 1890 x-ray equipment utilized.
• 1900 more advancement in equipment
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Health Care of the Present • Focus of health care has shifted
from contagious diseases to lifestyle changes– Cancer– Drug abuse– Heart disease– Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome– Tuberculosis
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Health Care in the United States• Influenced by:
– State of the economy– Values of society– Law of supply and demand– Technological developments
• Reasons for rising health care costs– Advanced technological developments– Increase in malpractice litigation
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Health Care in the United States• Influenced by:
– State of the economy– Values of society– Law of supply and demand– Technological developments
• Reasons for rising health care costs– Advanced technological developments– Increase in malpractice litigation– Aging Population
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Table 1-1 Agency Health Care Providers
Government agencies
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
• National Institutes of Health (NIH)
• Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
• Health Departments
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Department of Health and
Human Services (HHS)
• Federal agency that oversees the nation’s health care
• Established in 1798 to provide care for American merchant seamen
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Figure 1-2 Health Insurance
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Health Care Careers
• Economic security• Nature of the duties• Good working environment• Opportunities for advancement• New challenges• Respect
Career Pathways or ClustersTherapeutic Services
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Health Informatics
Biotechnology Research and Development
Support Services Diagnostic Services
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Table 1-2 Career Ladder in Health Care
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Chain of Command
• Organizational structure of a facility that indicates the person or department responsible
• Large facilities have complex structures
• Small facilities have simpler structures
• EMS systems uses chain of command and ideal span of control is 5 to 7
McFatter Technical Center, Broward County Public Schools
Revised: February 2008
Emergency Incident Command Structure
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
The “Patient” of Today
• Has become a “client” or consumer of health care services
• Takes on more responsibility for his or her own care
• Obtains second opinions• Shops for the lowest health care
costs• Seeks alternative and
complementary providers
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Agencies of Accreditation
• Training programs must meet acceptable standards
• Most agencies of accreditation are provided by the professional association of the health care occupation
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Credentialing
• Health care workers may require:– Licensure: controlled by the state and is
usually based on successful completion of an examination
– Certification: given by an agency or a training program; indicates successful completion of a particular course
– Registration: earned through the state or an agency
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Health Care of the Future
• Wellness services– To include nutritional advice, stress
reduction counseling, habit cessation management, and exercise instruction
• Technology – Continues to drive the type and pace
of changes in the industry
• Prevention
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Figure 1-4 National Health Care Skill Standards
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.