1 copyright © 2005 mosby, inc. all rights reserved. chapter 14 musculoskeletal system
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 14
Musculoskeletal System
![Page 2: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
OBJECTIVES
Identify the organs and other structures of the musculoskeletal system
Define, pronounce, and spell types of body movements
Define and spell the word parts
Build and analyze medical terms using word parts
![Page 3: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
OBJECTIVES (cont’d)
Define, pronounce, and spell the disease and disorder, diagnostic, surgical, and complementary terms for the musculoskeletal systemInterpret the meanings of the abbreviationsRead medical documents and interpret medical terminology contained in themIdentify and use plural endings
![Page 4: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Functions of the Skeletal System
Provides a framework for the body, protects the soft body parts such as the brain, stores calcium, and produces blood cells
The body contains 206 bones.
Provides movement, posture, joint stability, and heat production
The body consists of more than 600 muscles.
![Page 5: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bone Structure
periosteum: outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue
compact bone: dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum
cancellous (spongy) bone: contains small spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone
endosteum: membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone
![Page 6: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bone Structure (cont’d)
diaphysis: shaft of the long bonesepiphysis (pl. epiphyses): ends of the long bonebone marrow: material found in the cavities of bones red marrow: thick, blood-like material found in
flat bones and the ends of long bones (location of blood cell formation
yellow marrow: soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones
![Page 7: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bone Structure
![Page 8: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Skeletal Bones (Jawbones)
maxilla: upper jawbones
mandible: lower jawbone
![Page 9: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
vertebral column: made up of bones called vertebrae (pl.) or vertebra (sing.) through which the spinal cord runs cervical vertebrae (C1-C7): first set of 7
forming the neck thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12): second set of
12 vertebrae lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5): third set of 5
larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of spine
Skeletal Bones (Vertebral Column)
![Page 10: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Skeletal Bones (Vertebral Column) (cont’d)
vertebral column (cont’d) sacrum: next five vertebrae, which fuse
together coccyx: four vertebrae fused together to form
the tailbone lamina (pl. laminae): part of the vertebral arch
![Page 11: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Skeletal Bones (cont’d)
clavicle (2): collarbonescapula (2): shoulder bladesternum: breastboneupper extremities: arm and hand bones
humerus (2) carpals (16) ulna (2) metacarpals (10)radius (2) phalanges (28)
![Page 12: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Skeletal Bones (cont’d)
pelvic bones (3 pairs fused together)
illium (2)
ischium (2)
pubis (2)
lower extremities: leg and foot bonesfemur (2) tarsals (4)
patella (2) metatarsals (10)
tibia (2) phalanges (28)
fibula (2)
![Page 13: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Skeleton (Anterior)
![Page 14: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Skeleton (Posterior View)
![Page 15: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Joints
joint: holds bones together and make movement possibleligament: flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a jointtendon: band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bonebursa: small, fluid-filled sac that allows easy movement of one part of a joint over another
![Page 16: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Joints (cont’d)
meniscus: crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee
intervertebral disk: cartilaginous disk found between each vertebra in the spine
synovia: fluid secreted by the synovial membrane; found in joint cavities
![Page 17: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Knee Joint
![Page 18: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Muscles
skeletal muscles (striated): attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible. Skeletal muscles produce action by pulling and by working in pairs. Also known as voluntary muscles because we have control over these muscles.
![Page 19: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Muscular System (Anterior)
![Page 20: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Muscular System (Posterior)
![Page 21: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Muscles (cont’d)
smooth muscles (unstriated): located in internal organs such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract. They are also called involuntary muscles because they respond to impulses from the autonomic nerves and are not controlled voluntarily.cardiac muscle: forms most of the wall of the heart. Its involuntary contraction produces the heartbeat.
![Page 22: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Types of Body Movements
Bones and muscles work together to produce various movements. Some are listed below:
abduction inversion
adduction pronation
eversion rotation
extension supination
flexion
![Page 23: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Types of Body Movements
![Page 24: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Combining Forms for the Musculoskeletal System
carp/o
clavic/o, clavicul/o
cost/o
crani/o
femor/o
fibul/o
humer/o
ili/o
ischi/o
lumb/o
mandibul/o
maxill/o
![Page 25: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Combining Forms for the Musculoskeletal System (cont’d)
patell/opelv/i, pelv/ophalang/opub/orachi/oradi/o
sacr/o scapul/o spondyl/o, vertebr/o stern/o tars/otibi/o uln/o
![Page 26: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Combining Forms for Joints
aponeur/o
arthr/o
burs/o
chondr/o
disk/o
menisc/o
synovi/o
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
![Page 27: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Combining Forms Commonly Used with Musculoskeletal System Terms
ankyl/o
kinesi/o
kyph/o
lamin/o
lord/o
myel/o
my/o, myos/o
oste/o
petr/o
scoli/o
![Page 28: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prefixes
inter-
supra-
sym-, syn-
![Page 29: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Suffixes
-asthenia
-clasia
-clasis, -clast
-desis
-physis
-schisis
![Page 30: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts
arthritis
arthrochondritis
bursitis
bursolith
carpoptosis
chondromalacia
fibromyalgia
kyphosis
lordosis
myasthenia myeloma osteitis osteoarthritis (OA) osteofibroma osteosarcoma rachischisis scoliosis tenosynovitis
![Page 31: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Knee Joint
A, Normal. B, Osteoarthritis.
![Page 32: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Disease and Disorder TermsNot Built from Word Parts
bunion carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) Colles fracture fracture gout herniated disk muscular dystrophy (MD) osteoporosis rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
![Page 33: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Terms Known by Other Names
Term Also called…
kyphosis hunchback
rachischisis spina bifida
bunion spur
herniated disk slipped disk, ruptured disk, herniated nucleus pulposus
![Page 34: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Bunion
A, With bunion. B, After bunionectomy.
![Page 35: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Colles Fracture
![Page 36: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Types of Fractures
A, Greenstick; B, transverse; C, oblique; D, spiral; E, comminuted; F, compression.
![Page 37: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Gout
![Page 38: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
arthroclasia arthrodesis arthroplasty bursectomy carpectomy chondroplasty costectomy craniotomy diskectomy
laminectomy meniscectomy myorrhaphy osteoclasis rachiotomy spondylosyndesis tenomyoplasty vertebroplasty
![Page 39: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Herniated Disk
![Page 40: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Diskectomy
![Page 41: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts
Diagnostic imaging arthrography
Endoscopy arthroscopy
Other arthrocentesis electromyogram (EMG)
![Page 42: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
(joint) / cv / (visual examination)
![Page 43: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts
arthralgia atrophy bradykinesia dyskinesia intervertebral
intracranial
ishiofibular
osteoblast
vertebrocostal
![Page 44: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts
chiropodist, podiatrist chiropractor orthopedics orthopedist orthotics osteopath osteopathy prosthesis
![Page 45: 1 Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Musculoskeletal System](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfb51a28abf838c9da71/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45Copyright © 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Abbreviations
C1-C7
CTS
EMG
L1-L5
MD
MG
OA
ortho
RA
T1-T12