corporation for national servicea facilitator’s guide to effective citizenship through americorps

7/27/2019 Corporation for National ServiceA Facilitators Guide to Effective Citizenship Through AmeriCorps

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Rdh Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikhHstjfmisdhb ie :99;, tdh Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh henjnhs cgrh tdje j cimmige Jchrikjes hjkd

yhjr ie shrvikh tg tdhir kgccueitihsdhmpien tg sgmvh kgccueity prgfmhcs. Rdh Kgrpgrjtige suppgrts

shrvikhs jt tdh ejtigejm, stjth, jeb mgkjm mhvhms, gvhrshhien tdrhh cjie ieitijtivhs?

JchriKgrps, wdgsh chcfhrs shrvh witd mgkjm jeb ejtigejm grnjeizjtiges tg chht kgccueity

ehhbs jeb, jathr tdhir shrvikh, rhkhivh hbukjtige jwjrbs tg dhmp aiejekh kgmmhnh gr trjieien99 (RBB)

www.ejtigejmshrvikh.grn

Junust 600:

Prhpjrhb agr tdh Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh fy tdh Kgestitutigejm Vindts Aguebjtige.

Rdis bgkuchet bghs egt ehkhssjrimy rhamhkt tdh vihws ga tdh Kgrpgrjtige, jeb eg gaaikijm hebgrshchet

fy tdh Kgrpgrjtige sdgumb fh ieahrrhb.

Kgestitutigejm Vindts AguebjtigeHstjfmisdhb ie :916, Kgestitutigejm Vindts Aguebjtige is j ege-prgait, ege-pjrtisje grnjeizjtige bhbikjt-hb tg hbukjtien yguen phgpmh tg fh cgrh haahktivh kitizhes. Ngvhrehb fy j fgjrb ga birhktgrs rhprhshetien

kgccueity mhjbhrs ie mjw, fusiehss, ngvhrechet, hbukjtige, jeb tdh chbij, KVA prgvibhs prgnrjcs jeb

cjthrijms tdrgundgut tdh ejtige.

Vhkgneizien tdjt auturh kitizhes cust pgsshss legwmhbnh, jttitubhs, jeb slimms tg haahktivhmy pjrtikipjth ie

kivik jaajirs jeb bhcgkrjtik bhkisige cjlien, KVA gaahrs stubhets j wibh vjrihty ga prgnrjcs ge mjw jeb

ngvhrechet jeb kivik pjrtikipjtige. It prgvibhs thjkdhrs witd thkdeikjm jssistjekh jeb trjieien, kmjssrggc

vgmuethhr shrvikhs jeb stubhet kgeahrhekhs, jeb kurrikumjr pufmikjtiges ge mjw, ngvhrechet, kivik pjrtiki-

pjtige, jeb fusiehss.

Kgestitutigejm Vindts Aguebjtige10: [gutd Liensmhy BrivhMgs Jenhmhs, KJ 90008(6:;) 24>-8890(6:;) ;41-0289 AJTwww.kra-usj.grn


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Ietrgbuktige. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Gvhrvihw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Dgw tg Xsh Rdis Nuibh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;

Rrjieien Chtdgbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Frjiestgrcien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Birhkthb biskussiges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

[cjmm-nrgup wgrl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Djebmien kgetrgvhrsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Cgbumh Kgethet [hssige Pjnh Jktige [hssige Pjnh

# : Jktivh Kitizhesdip 8 Ibhetiayien Kgccueity Vhsgurkhs >

# 6 Kitizhe Kdgikhs :6 Ibhetiayien Kgccueity Prgfmhcs :2

# ; Gpieige Pgmmien 60 Pgmmien tdh Kgccueity ge Prgfmhcs 66

# 2 Kgebuktien j Ehws [hjrkd 61 [hmhktien jeb Vhshjrkdien j Prgfmhc 64

# 8 Pgmiky Jejmysis ;2 Pgmiky grl ;1

# 1 Vindts jeb Arhhbgcs 20 Bhkibien ge je Jktige Prgohkt 26

# > Bghs It Cjlh [hesh7 82 Pmjeeien je Jktige Prgohkt 81

# 4 Qjmuhs ie Kgeamikt 12 Prgnrhss Kdhkl 11

# 9 Nhttien Ievgmvhb >0 Hvjmujtige jeb Vhamhktige >6#:0 Biaahrien Phrsphktivhs >1 [prhjbien tdh grb >4

Mist ga Djebguts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Vhsgurkh Nuibh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4;

Jbbitigejm Ibhjs agr Kgccueity-[hrvikh Prgohkts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Kgethets


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Cjlien Kgeehktiges?Kitizhesdip jeb tdh Cissige

ga JchriKgrpsIe mhjbien je JchriKgrps prgnrjc, ygu djvh jehxkitien gppgrtueity tg jppmy j rikd, aumm chjeienga kitizhesdip tg tdh prhssien ehhbs ga kgethcpg-rjry Jchrikj. ^h jmm uebhrstjeb kitizhesdip js tdhrindt tg vgth jeb tdh rhspgesifimity tg gfhy tdhmjw. ^dhe mielhb tg tdh cissige ga JchriKgrps,kitizhesdip kje jmsg chje icprgvien gur ejtigesqujmity ga miah.

Nhttien Rdiens BgehJchriKgrps chcfhrshxpmgrh tdhir pgthetijm js kitizhes fy dhmpien kgc-cueitihs chht tdhir hbukjtige, pufmik sjahty, hevi-rgechetjm, gr gtdhr ducje ehhbs.

[trhentdheien KgccueitihsJchriKgrps chc-fhrs frgjbhe tdh chjeien ga kitizhesdip fy dhmp-ien tg ueith nrgups jeb iebivibujms argc jmm bia-ahrhet fjklnrguebs.

Hekgurjnien VhspgesifimityJchriKgrps chc-fhrs hxhrkish kitizhesdip fy aumaimmien rhspgesifimi-ty tg tdhir kgccueitihs, tdhir ajcimihs, jeb tdhc-shmvhs tdrgund shrvikh.

Hxpjebien GppgrtueityJchriKgrps chc-fhrs jkkucumjth vjmujfmh mhjbhrsdip slimms, ogfhxphrihekh, sphkijmizhb trjieien, jeb gppgrtueitihstg aurtdhr tdhir hbukjtige, tdus fhkgcien cgrhhaahktivh kitizhes agr tdh auturh.

^itd strgen mhjbhrsdip, kjrhaum pmjeeien, jeb jehtdik ga jktivh kitizhesdip, JchriKgrps chcfhrskje haahktivhmy jbbrhss j frgjb rjenh ga ejtigejmehhbs. Chcfhrs kje wgrl witd bjy-kjrh jeb pjr-hetien prgnrjcs tg prgvibh gur kdimbrhe witd jdhjmtdihr auturh. Chcfhrs kje fuimb thjcs tgkmhje up urfje ehindfgrdggbs gr rhstgrh prhkigusrurjm djfitjts. Rdhy kje jkt js mijisges fhtwhhemjw heagrkhchet gaaikhrs jeb kgccueity chc-fhrs ie je haagrt tg frien pufmik sjahty tg ehind-fgrdggbs jkkgsthb fy vigmhekh jeb ahjr. FhkjushJchriKgrps is bhsinehb tg jbbrhss tdh ehhbs gajmcgst jey kgccueity, tdh gppgrtueitihs agr

jktivh kitizhesdip jrh prjktikjmmy micitmhss.

Fy mielien tdh cissige ga JchriKgrps tg tdh kge-khpt ga kitizhesdip, JchriKgrps chcfhrs kje

rhjmizh tdhir pgthetijm js iebivibujms. ^grlientgnhtdhr tg icprgvh tdh qujmity ga miah agr j kgc-cueity kje bg wgebhrs agr phrsgejm nrgwtd.Rhjc haagrts dhmp iebivibujms bhvhmgp sgkijm slimms,jeb njie shma-kgeaibhekh. Mielien kitizhesdip tgtdh JchriKgrps cissige dhmps chcfhrs bhvhmgpvitjm kgeehktiges fhtwhhe tdhir shesh ga tdhc-shmvhs jeb tdhir vjmuh tg tdh kgccueity.

Rdis pufmikjtige prgvibhs tggms agr iethnrjtienjktivh kitizhesdip ietg tdh JchriKgrps hxphrihekhtdrgund iethrjktivh hbukjtigejm cgbumhs.

GvhrvihwRdh djebfggl is bivibhb ietg :0 cgbumhs ga twgdgurs jpihkh. Rdh cgbumhs jrh fjshb ge agur hmh-chets hsshetijm tg jktivh kitizhesdip? legwmhbnh,slimms, jttitubhs, jeb jktige.Hjkd cgbumh djs twg shs-siges? j kgethet shssige

jeb je jktige shssige.Rdh kgethet shssigesprgvibh jktivitihs tdjtdhmp chcfhrs bhmvhietg tdh legwmhbnh,slimms, jeb jttitubhs gahaahktivh kitizhesdip. Rdhjktige shssiges nuibh chcfhrstdrgund j shrvikh prgohkt ie tdh kgccueity.

LegwmhbnhRg auektige haahktivhmy js j kitizhe, JchriKgrps

chcfhrs sdgumb djvh sgch fjsik legwmhbnhjfgut kitizhe rindts, kgccueity issuhs, jeb tdhirkgccueitys iestitutiges. Cjey jktivitihs ie tdhcgbumhs prgvibh chcfhrs je gppgrtueity tg njiesgch ga tdis legwmhbnh.

[limmsRdh jfimity tg ush ieagrcjtige haahktivhmy, tgcjlh j pmje jeb jkt ge it, jeb tg cgvh gtdhrs tgsuppgrt ygur haagrts rhquirhs sphkijm slimms. [limmjktivitihs nivh JchriKgrps chcfhrs chtdgbs tghvjmujth pufmik issuhs jeb pufmik gpieige pgmms.Gtdhr jktivitihs dhmp chcfhrs mhjre dgw tg aiebieagrcjtige jfgut kgccueity issuhs.

JttitubhsJe haahktivh kitizhe updgmbs bhcgkrjtik jttitubhsvjmuhs, bispgsitiges, jeb gutmggls. Jktivitihs gejttitubhs wimm nivh chcfhrs tdh gppgrtueity tgbiskuss chtdgbs agr bhjmien witd kgeamiktien rindts

Ietrgbuktige

KGERHER

JKRIGE

[limmsLegwmhbnh Jttituths

Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh 6

J Ajkimitjtgrs Nuibh tg Haahktivh Mhjbhrsdip Rdrgund JchriKgrps


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jeb vjmuhs, tdh prgs jeb kges ga nhttien ievgmvhb ie

kgccueity prgfmhcs, wdy biaahrhet phrsphktivhs

hxist, jeb dgw tg jkkgccgbjth tdhc.

JktigeJe haahktivh kitizhe, wgrlien witd gtdhrs, kje

icprgvh tdh kgccueity. Rdh shkgeb pjrt ga hjkd

cgbumh is je jktige shssige. Rdh jktige shssiges

tjlh chcfhrs tdrgund j shrvikh prgohkt ie tdh kgc-

cueity. JchriKgrps chcfhrs kje mhjre cukd

argc pmjeeien, icpmhchetien, jeb hvjmujtien je

jktige prgohkt ie tdh kgccueity.

Rdis pufmikjtige is iethebhb tg suppgrt ygur haagrts

tg dhmp chcfhrs cjlh tdh kdjmmhenien fut aumaimm-

ien kgeehktige fhtwhhe kitizhesdip jeb tdh cissige

ga JchriKgrps.

;Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh

J Ajkimitjtgrs Nuibh tg Haahktivh Kitizhesdip Rdrgund JchriKgrps

Dgw tg XshRdis Nuibh

Vhvihw tdh nuibh kjrhaummy. Mggl tdrgund hjkdcgbumhs kgethet jeb jktige shssiges tg ajcimijrizh

ygurshma witd tdh cjthrijm.

Pmje hjkd cgbumh kjrhaummy. Vhjb tdh ajkimitjtgrsiestruktiges jeb tdh chcfhr djebguts whmm ie

jbvjekh jeb pmje dgw ygu jrh ngien tg prhshet tdh

cjthrijm. Cjlh surh ygu djvh jmm tdh cjthrijm misthb

uebhr Ajkimitjtgr Kdhklmist. Ygu wimm ehhb tg pdg-

tgkgpy tdh chcfhr djebguts tg bistrifuth tg jmm tdh

chcfhrs wdg jttheb. Rdh kdhklmist cjy kjmm agr j

kdjmlfgjrb gr kdjrt pjphr. Ia ygur chhtien rggc

bghs egt djvh j kdjmlfgjrb, ygu kje usujmmy aieb

pjbs ga mgw-kgst kdjrt pjphr (6>" x ;2") ie cgst

gaaikh-suppmy stgrhs.

Cgst cgbumhs agmmgw tdh sjch pjtthre. Rdhy jrhbivibhb ietg twg shssiges. Ie hjkd shssige, typikjmmy

ygu . . .

:. Bistrifuth tdh chcfhr djebgut.

6. Fhnie witd j sdgrt ietrgbuktige.

;. Jsl chcfhrs tg rhjb j friha jrtikmh ie tdh chc-

fhr djebgut.

2. Djvh tdhc bg je jktivity ie scjmm nrgups.

8. Xsh tdh quhstiges misthb ge tdh djebgut uebhr

Agr Biskussige tg biskuss tdh jktivity.

Hxjkt iestruktiges agr mhjbien hvhry shssige jrh

bhtjimhb ie tdis nuibh.

Xsh tdh tips ie Rrjieien Chtdgbs ge pp. 2 tgdhmp ygu. Rrjieien Chtdgbs iekmubhs shktiges gefrjiestgrcien (wdikd ygu jrh jslhb tg bg ie sgch

shssiges) jeb ge birhkthb biskussiges jeb scjmm

nrgups (wdikd hvhry shssige rhquirhs). Rdh aiejm shk-

tige ge djebmien kgetrgvhrsy wimm dhmp ygu ie kjsh

je jrnuchet hrupts burien j shssige.

dhe bgien j shrvikh prgohkt, lhhptdhsh tdiens ie cieb?

Cjlh surh tdh prgohkt . . .

Kje fh jkkgcpmisdhb, nivhe ygurrhsgurkhs jeb tich arjch.J sukkhssaum scjmm prgohkt is prhahr-

jfmh tg j ajimhb nrjebigsh prgohkt.

Bghs egt ajmm uebhr PrgdifithbPrgnrjc Jktiviti hs. ([hh Djebgut6K.)

[hrvhs tdh kgccueity. Je hsshetijmpjrt ga hvhry prgohkt sdgumb fh tg

ievgmvh chcfhrs ga tdh kgccueity iepmjeeien jeb nivien ieput.

Prgcgths nggb kiti zhesdip ie nhehrjmgr a i ts witdi e geh ga tdh JchriKgrpsissuh jrhjs? hbukjtige, tdh hevirge-chet, pufmik sjahty, jeb gtdhr ducjeehhbs.

Jsl chcfhrs tg lhhp jmm tdh djebguts argcgeh shssige tg tdh ehxt. Rdhy wimm prgvh dhmpaumjt jmm stjnhs ga j prgohkt.

Pdgtgkgpy jeb bistrifuth tdh rhsgurkh nuibh

tg dhmp chcfhrs witd tdhir prgohkt. Rdhrhsgurkh nuibh, mgkjthb jt tdh fjkl ga tdis nuibh,

kgetjies j rhjbien mist jeb jbbitigejm ibhjs agr

kgccueity-shrvikh prgohkts.


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2Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh


Rdis pufmikjtige jics tg frgjbhe chcfhrs visige ga

kitizhesdip tdrgund shmhkthb rhjbiens, nrgup stuby,

birhkthb biskussiges, frjiestgrcien, jeb umticjthmy j

kivik jktige prgohkt ie tdh kgccueity. Js j ajkimitjtgr,

it wimm fh ygur ogf tg ietrgbukh tdh ieagrcjtige ie tdis

fgglmht jeb nuibh JchriKgrps chcfhrs tg pjrtikipjth

haahktivhmy ie tdh shssiges jeb jktivitihs. Ie sdgrt, ygu

wimm fh jktien js j thjkdhr. Dhrh jrh sgch thjkdien thkd-

eiquhs.

FrjiestgrcienFrjiestgrcien is j thkdeiquh agr nhehrjtien mgts ga

ibhjs. Ie j frjiestgrcien shssige, phgpmh bg egt oubnh

gr kritikizh jey ibhj fhkjush tdjt wgumb stgp phgpmh

argc kgcien up witd ibhjs. Jmm oubnchets jrh mhat tg

jathr tdh frjiestgrc shssige.

Ie j typikjm frjiestgrc, j nrgup is nivhe j kmhjrmy stjt-

hb quhstige sukd js, ^djt is tdh cgst shrigus prgf-

mhc ie ygur kgccueity7 ^itdie j micithb tich,

chcfhrs jrh tgmb tg tdiel ga tdh nrhjthst pgssifmh

eucfhr ga jeswhrs. Geh nrgup chcfhr rhkgrbs tdh

jeswhrs. Rdh tich prhssurh sdgrt-kirkuits oubnchet? Ia

chcfhrs cust kgch up witd mgts ga ibhjs quiklmy, tdhy

djvh eg tich tg oubnh gr khesgr tdhir gwe tdgundt

prgkhss. Dhrh jrh j ahw quikl rumhs agr frjiestgrcien?

[jy jeytdien tdjt kgchs tg cieb.

Bg egt oubnh gr kritikizh wdjt gtdhrs sjy.

Fuimb ge gtdhr ibhjs.

Jathr jmm ithcs djvh fhhe frjiestgrchb jeb misthb, pjr-

tikipjets kje biskuss, kritiquh, jeb prigritizh tdhc.

Birhkthb BiskussigesJ biskussige shktige is iekmubhb ie hvhry djebgut.

Biskussiges jmmgw chcfhrs tg hxpmgrh tdh cjthrijm

aurtdhr. Rdhrh cjy egt fh j sienmh, hjsy jeswhr tg tdh

quhstiges rjishb.

Js j nrgup ajkimitjtgr, it wimm fh ygur rhspgesifimity tg

birhkt tdh biskussige. Rry tg jrrjenh tdh shjts ie j kir-

kmh sg chcfhrs kje mggl jt geh jegtdhr wdhe tdhy jrh

sphjlien. Xsh tdh biskussige quhstiges tg nht tdh

prgkhss ngien. Gekh tdh biskussige is ngien, try tg t jlh

j fjkl shjt jeb jmmgw tdh biskussige tg tjlh its kgursh.

Ygur rgmh, dgwhvhr, is egt pjssivh. Ie j birhkthb biskus-

sige, jmm pjrtikipjets sdgumb fh trhjthb js hqujm pjrt-

ehrs. Hekgurjnh hvhrygeh tg pjrtikipjth. Fh surh chc-

fhrs misthe tg geh jegtdhr. Bget jmmgw tdh kgevhrsj-

tige tg strjy gaa tdh tgpik.

Cjlh j mist ga nrgueb rumhs agr jmm biskussiges jeb jsl

chcfhrs tg jnrhh tg tdhc prigr tg tdh airst biskussige.

Dhrh jrh sgch sunnhsthb nrgueb rumhs agr biskussiges?

[tjth ygur ibhjs jeb gpieiges kmhjrmy.

[uppgrt ygur stjthchets witd ajkts gr mgnikjmjrnuchets.

Bhaieh tdh thrcs ygu ush.

Lhhp je gphe cieb jeb misthe tg geh jegtdhr.

Vhsphkt tdh gpieiges ga gtdhrs.

grl tgnhtdhr tg jeswhr tdh quhstiges pgshb.

[cjmm NrgupsFy wgrlien ie scjmm nrgups ga twg tg aivh chcfhrs,

phgpmh nht tdh gppgrtueity tg kgccueikjth, kggphr-

jth, phrsujbh, fjrnjie, jeb kgcprgcish. Rdhy mhjre

tdjt prgfmhcs jrh fhst sgmvhb tdrgund tdh haagrts ga

nrgups rjtdhr tdje iebivibujms. Ie scjmm nrgups, it isdjrbhr agr chcfhrs tg fmheb ietg tdh fjklnrgueb.

Hjkd cust cjlh j kgetrifutige. Dhrh jrh j ahw tips tg

cjlh scjmm nrgups wgrl?

Cjlh surh phgpmh uebhrstjeb tdh jktivity fhagrh

tdhy fhnie.

Nivh hjkd nrgup chcfhr j tjsl.

Cgeitgr prgnrhss fy kirkumjtien jcgen tdh

nrgups.

Cjlh surh jmm chcfhrs pjrtikipjth iesibh tdh

nrgup.

Djebmien KgetrgvhrsyBisjnrhhchet is j rhjmiebhhb ehkhssjrypjrt ga bhjm-

ien witd kgccueity issuhs. Kgetrgvhrsy kjeegt, jeb

sdgumb egt, fh jvgibhb. ^dhe prgphrmy djebmhb, bis-

jnrhhchets kje frien ieagrcjtige jeb uebhrstjebien

tg j biskussige. ^dhe kgetrgvhrsy jrishs ie biskussige,

kmjriay tdh bisjnrhhchet. Ibhetiay tdh issuh uebhr bis-

puth. Pgiet gut jrhjs ga kgeamikt jeb jnrhhchet, jeb

mggl agr jssucptiges tdjt nivh rish tg tdh kgetrgvhrsy.

^dhe kgeamikt fhkgchs jppjrhet, jsl chcfhrs tg agm-

mgw tdhsh nrgueb rumhs?

Jrnuh ibhjs, egt phrsgejmitihs.

Jbcit tg whjl pgiets ie tdhir gwe pgsitige.

Misthe kjrhaummy jeb rhprhshet tdh gppgsith vihw-pgiet ajirmy jeb jkkurjthmy.

Kgekhetrjth jrnuchets ge ajkts jeb ieagrcjtige.

Ia ehkhssjry, frien ie geh gr cgrh rhsgurkh phrsges

wdg kje prgvibh j fjmjekhb phrsphktivh ge tdh issuh jt

djeb.

Rrjieien Chtdgbs


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Rdis is tdh ietrgbuktgry cgbumh. Ie tdh kgethet shs-

sige, chcfhrs biskuss tdh qujmitihs ga je haahktivh

kitizhe. Ie tdh jktige shssige, tdhy rhjb j succjry

ga tdh jktige shssiges jeb tdhy fhnie hxpmgrien

tdhir kgccueity fy mgglien agr jsshts jebrhsgurkhs tdjt cjy dhmp tdhc witd je jktige prgo-

hkt.

KGERHER [H[[IGE? JKRIQH KIRI_HE[DIPRdis shssige ietrgbukhs chcfhrs tg tdh hmhchets ga

haahktivh kitizhesdip. It jsls chcfhrs tg tdiel

jfgut wdjt it tjlhs tg fh je haahktivh kitizhe. Airst,

chcfhrs rhjb jfgut kitizhesdip. Rdhe ie scjmm

nrgups, tdhy frjiestgrc tdh legwmhbnh, slimms, jtti-

tubhs, jeb jktige it tjlhs tg fh je haahktivh kitizhe.

Ajkimitjtgr Kdhklmist Kdjmlfgjrb gr kdjrt pjphr

Phes jeb pjphr agr chcfhrs

Kgpihs ga Djebgut :J agr chcfhrs



CGBXMH GEH

Mhjreien Gfohktivhs

Chcfhrs wimm fh jfmh tg?

:. Frjiestgrc kgcpgehets ga haahktivh kiti-

zhesdip ie agur jrhjs? legwmhbnh, slimms,jttitubhs, jeb jktige.

6. Vjel jeb bhaheb tdhir gpieige ga tdh cgst

icpgrtjet kitizhesdip kgcpgehets ie hjkd

ga tdhsh agur jrhjs.

;. Hxpmjie dgw JchriKgrps dhmps chcfhrs

bhvhmgp kitizhesdip legwmhbnh, slimms, jtti-

tubhs, jeb jktige.

Egths


8/86



Egths

Kgebuktien tdh [hssige:. Jsl chcfhrs? ^dg ie ygur gpieige

is je haahktivh kitizhe7 (Jkkhpt vjri-

gus jeswhrs.)

6. Rhmm chcfhrs tdjt tdhy jrh ngien tgrhjb jfgut kitizhesdip jeb tdiel

jfgut wdjt it tjlhs tg fh je haahktivhkitizhe. Bistrifuth Djebgut :J. Jslchcfhrs tg rhjb tdh Ietrgbuktigejeb [hktige I? Kitizhesdip ie GurArhh [gkihty. ^dhe tdhy aieisd,frihamy jeswhr jey quhstiges tdhy

cjy djvh.

;. Put chcfhrs ie nrgups ga agur. Rhmmtdhc tg frjiestgrc jeswhrs tg tdh

agur quhstiges jfgut kitizhesdip ie

[hktige II? Jktivity. Hjkd chcfhrsdgumb fh rhspgesifmh agr rhkgrbien

ge pjphr tdh nrgups jeswhrs tg geh

quhstige.

2. ^dhe tdh nrgups kgcpmhth tdh frjie-stgrc, jsl tdhc tg bg geh cgrh tjsl.

Djvh tdhc rjel ie grbhr ga icpgr-

tjekh wdjt tdhy kgesibhr tdhir tgp

tdrhh jeswhrs tg hjkd quhstige.

8. Mist tdhsh dhjbiens ge tdh fgjrb?Legwmhbnh, [limms, Jttitubhs, jeb

Jktige. Jathr tdh nrgups aieisd rjel-

ien tdhir jeswhrs, dgmb j biskussige

usien tdh quhstiges ie [hktige III?Agr Biskussige. Js nrgups rhpgrttdhir tgp tdrhh jeswhrs, mist tdhc

uebhr tdh jpprgprijth dhjbien ge tdh

fgjrb.


9/86

JKRIGE [H[[IGE? IBHERIAYIENKGCCXEIRY VH[GXVKH[Ie tdis airst jktige shssige, chcfhrs jrh ietrgbukhb

tg tdh jktige shssiges jeb tdhy stjrt ibhetiayien

kgccueity jsshts jeb rhsgurkhs. Airst, chcfhrs

rhjb jeb biskuss je gvhrvihw ga tdh :0 jktige shs-

siges. Rdhe tdhy rhjb tips ge aiebien ngvhrechet

jeb ege-prgait jnhekihs ie tdh kgccueity tdjt jrh

kgekhrehb witd JchriKgrps issuh jrhjs. Ehxt, tdhyjrh jssinehb tg aieb jeb rhkgrb kgetjkt ieagrcjtige

jfgut tdhsh nrgups. Ie tdh ehxt jktige shssige, tdhy

wimm rhpgrt ge tdh jnhekihs tdhy aieb.

Ajkimitjtgr Kdhklmist Phes jeb pjphr agr chcfhrs

Kgpihs ga Djebgut :F agr chcfhrs

Agur ; x 8 kjrbs agr hjkd chcfhr

>Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh


Mhjreien GfohktivhsChcfhrs wimm fh jfmh tg?

:. Ibhetiay jeb bistienuisd ege-prgait jeb

ngvhrechet jnhekihs argc geh jegtdhr.

6. Xsh rhsgurkhs tg mgkjth kgccueity jnhe-

kihs wgrlien ge je JchriKgrps issuh jrhj.;. Bhskrifh vjrigus jnhekihs wgrlien ge kgc-

cueity prgfmhcs.

Egths


10/86



Djebgut :K

Kgebuktien tdh [hssige:. Ieagrc chcfhrs tdjt hjkd cgbumh

wimm iekmubh je jktige shssige,

wdikd wimm tjlh tdhc tdrgund j

shrvikh prgohkt ie tdh kgccueity.

Rhmm tdhc tdjt ie tdis shssige tdhy

wimm mgkjth gtdhr kgccueity

grnjeizjtiges jeb jnhekihs. Jsl

chcfhrs? ^djt kgccueity jnhe-kihs bg ygu legw jfgut tdjt

jbbrhss tdh JchriKgrps issuh jrhjs

ga hbukjtige, pufmik sjahty, tdh

hevirgechet, jeb gtdhr ducje

ehhbs7 (Jkkhpt vjrigus jeswhrs.)

6. Bistrifuth Djebgut :F. Jsl chc-fhrs tg rhjb tdh Ietrgbuktige jeb[hktige I? Rdh :0 Jktige[hssiges. ^dhe tdhy aieisd, frihamy

jeswhr jey quhstiges tdhy cjydjvh. Rdhe dgmb j biskussige usien

tdh quhstiges ie [hktige II? AgrBiskussige.

;. Put chcfhrs ie agur nrgups.Jssine hjkd nrgup geh ga tdh agur

JchriKgrps issuh jrhjs. Jsl chc-

fhrs tg rhjb [hktige III? Jktivity.Bistrifuth Djebgut :K. Rdis is jdjebgut tdjt wimm dhmp tdhc kgc-

pmhth tdh jktivity. Jeswhr jey quhs-tiges tdjt chcfhrs cjy djvh.

2. Pjss gut agur ; x 8 kjrbs tg hjkdchcfhr. Rhmm tdhc tdjt hjkd chc-

fhr wimm fh rhspgesifmh agr aimmien

gut agur kjrbs jeb tdjt nrgups wimm

rhpgrt tdhir aiebiens jt tdh ehxt

chhtien. Nivh tdh nrgups sgch

tich tg pmgt tdhir shjrkd strjthnihs.

8. Ie tdh ehxt jktige shssige (ieCgbumh Rwg), hjkd nrgup wimm prhs-

het tdh jnhekihs tdhy aieb gut

jfgut.


11/86

IetrgbuktigeIe JchriKgrps, kitizhesdip kje chje cukd cgrh tdje chcgrizien ejchs jeb bjths argc j distgry

fggl gr sphebien j [jturbjy kmhjeien up j vjkjet mgt. ^djt is kitizhesdip rhjmmyjfgut, jeb dgw kje

it dhmp ygu cjlh j rhjm jeb mjstien biaahrhekh ie ygur gwe miah jeb tdh miah ga ygur kgccueity7

I. Kitizhesdip ie Gur Arhh [gkihtyJchriKgrps hekgurjnhs its chcfhrs, jeb iebhhb jmm ga Jchrikj, tg hcfrjkh j rhehwjm jeb hxpjesige

ga tdh ibhj ga kitizhesdip. Jt j fjsik mhvhm, kitizhesdip chjes vgtien, gfhyien tdh mjw, jeb shrvien ge

ourihs. Ge jegtdhr mhvhm, it chjes cukd cgrh. Kitizhesdip jmsg chjes?

Fhkgcien ieagrchb jfgut tdh kritikjm issuhs ajkien gur ejtige jeb its kgccueitihs.

Cjlien j kgccitchet tg phrsgejm rhspgesifimity agr tdh whmajrh ga gurshmvhs, gur ajcimihs, jeb

gur ehindfgrs.

Nhttien ievgmvhb jt tdh nrjssrggts mhvhm tg sgmvh prgfmhcs jeb fuimb j fhtthr auturh agr hvhrygeh.

II. JktivityIe scjmm nrgups, bg twg tjsls?

Airst, mist js cjey ibhjs js ygu kje ie rhspgesh tg tdhsh agur quhstiges?

:. djt bghs je haahktivh kitizhe ehhb tg legw7 (Dgw mjws jrh cjbh, htk.)

6. djt slimms bghs je haahktivh kitizhe ehhb7 ([phjlien, htk.)

;. djt jttitubhs (vjmuhs, bispgsitiges, jeb gutmggls) bghs je haahktivh kitizhe ehhb7 (Fhmiha tdjt gehphrsge kje cjlh j biaahrhekh, htk.)

2. djt bghs je haahktivh kitizhe ehhb tg bg7 (Qgth, htk.)

[hkgeb, argc tdh jeswhrs ygu djvh frjiestgrchb, kdggsh tdh tgp tdrhh jeswhrs tg hjkd quhstige.

III. Agr Biskussige:. djt bg ygu tdiel jrh tdh tdrhh cgst icpgrtjet kitizhesdip slimms7 Rdh tdrhh cgst icpgrtjet jtti-

tubhs7 Ithcs ga legwmhbnh7 Jktiges7 Hxpmjie.

6. Dgw kje tdh JchriKgrps hxphrihekh dhmp bhvhmgp kitizhesdip legwmhbnh, slimms, jtt itubhs, jeb

jktige7

;. djt bg ygu tdiel cjlhs j nggb kitizhe7

2. djt kgumb JchriKgrps bg tg hekgurjnh nggb kitizhesdip7

Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh


Haahktivh Kitizhesdip

DJEBGXR:J


12/86

IetrgbuktigePjrt ga tdh cissige ga JchriKgrps is tg hcpgwhr chcfhrs tg fhkgch j agrkh agr pgsitivh kdjenh ie

tdh kgccueitihs ga Jchrikj (ie gtdhr wgrbs, tg fhkgch haahktivh kitizhes). Rdhsh :0 cgbumhs jrhbhsinehb tg shrvh tdis purpgsh. Hjkd cgbumh djs twg shssiges. Rdh airst agkushs ge slimms, jttitubhs, gr

legwmhbnh dhmpaum tg haahktivh kitizhes. Rdh shkgeb shssige agkushs ge jktige. It wimm tjlh ygu tdrgund

j kivik jktige prgohkt ie tdh kgccueity. Ygur jktige prgohkt wimm egt oust dhmp tdh kgccueity. It wimm

jmsg dhmp ygu bhvhmgp mhjbhrsdip jeb gtdhr kitizhesdip slimms. Fhmgw is j succjry ga tdh :0 jktige shs-

siges.

I. Rdh :0 Jktige [hssiges:? Ibheti ay Kgccueity Vhsgurkhs. Aieb gtdhr kgccueity jnhekihs wgrlien ge tdh JchriKgrps

issuh jrhjs.

6? Ibhetiay Prgfmhcs. Aieb prgfmhcs ie tdh kgccueity.

;? Rjlh je Gpieige Pgmm .Aieb gut wdikd prgfmhcs tdh kgccueity kgesibhrs cgst icpgrtjet.

2? [hmhkt jeb Vhshjrkd j Prgfmhc. Bhkibh ge j prgfmhc jrhj tdjt ygu wjet tg agkus ge jeb rhshjrkdtdis prgfmhc.

8? Jejmyzh Pgmikihs. Hxjcieh pgmikihs rhmjthb tg tdh prgfmhc, wdikd chcfhrs djvh biskgvhrhb bgientdhir rhshjrkd.

1? Bhkibh ge Jktige Prgohkts. Frhjl ietg thjcs jeb bhkibh ge tdh cgst suitjfmh prgohkt agr ygurthjc tg bg.

>? Pmje jeb Bg tdh Prgohkts. Hjkd thjc wimm bg j prgohkt.

4? Kdhkl Prgnrhss ge tdh Prgohkts. Vhpgrt ge ygur prgnrhss, kgcpjrh egths witd gtdhr thjcs, jebnht nuibjekh.

9? Hvjmujth tdh Prgohkts. Vhamhkt ge wdjt ygu bib jeb dgw ygu bib it.

:0? [prhjb tdh ^grb. Rhmm gtdhrs jfgut ygur prgohkts.

II. Agr Biskussige:. Dgw bg ygu ahhm jfgut bgien je jktige prgohkt7 dy7

6. djt vjmuh bg ygu tdiel je jktige prgohkt cindt djvh7

;. dikd ga tdhsh shssiges bg ygu tdiel wimm fh tdh cgst kdjmmhenien7 dy7

III. JktivityIe tdis jktivity, ygu wimm mggl agr kgccueity jsshts jeb rhsgurkhs. Bivibh ietg agur nrgups. Hjkd nrgup

wimm fh jssinehb geh JchriKgrps issuh jrhj.

Ygu sdgumb aieb ngvhrechet jeb ege-prgait jnhekihs ie tdh kgccueity tdjt wgrl ge ygur

JchriKgrps issuh jrhj. Aimm gut j ; x 8 kjrb agr hjkd jnheky. Put tdh agmmgwien ieagrcjtige ge tdhkjrb ie tdis grbhr?

:. JchriKgrps issuh jrhj tdh jnheky agkushs ge.

6. Ejch, jbbrhss, thmhpdgeh eucfhr, ajx eucfhr, h-cjim, jeb whf jbbrhss ga tdh jnheky.

;. Ngvhrechet grnjeizjtige gr ege-prgait.

2. Ejch jeb ogf titmh ga j kgetjkt phrsge.

8. [dgrt bhskriptige ga tdh jnhekys purpgsh.



Ietrgbuktige tg tdh Jktige [hssiges

DJEBGXR:F


13/86

Rwg icpgrtjet tdiens tg rhchcfhr ie shjrkdien agr ieagrcjtige jrh?

:. Rjlh egths ga wdhrh ygu shjrkd jeb witd wdgc ygu tjml. Bg tdis tdrgundgut ygur jktige

prgohkt.6. ^dhehvhr ygu tjml tg sgchgeh jt je grnjeizjtige, jsl i a tdjt phrsge legws ga gtdhr sicimjr

grnjeizjtiges.

Agr tdis hxpmgrjtige, ygu cjy egt hvhe ehhb tg mhjvh ygur dgch. Ygur thmhpdgeh fggl jeb j ahw thmh-

pdgeh kjmms cjy prgvibh ygu witd tdh jeswhrs ygu ehhb. Rdh Iethreht is jegtdhr sgurkh. Ia ygu bget

djvh j kgeehktige jt dgch, try tdh mgkjm mifrjry.

Rhmhpdgeh jeb thmhpdgeh fggl. Ygur thmhpdgeh fggl is j cjogr rhsgurkh. Cjey pdgeh fggls djvhdhmpaum ieagrcjtige jfgut kgccueity grnjeizjtiges ie tdh arget. Rdh ngvhrechet pjnhs (usujmmy

agueb ie tdh arget ga tdh ^dith Pjnhs) mist ngvhrechet gaaikhs uebhr dhjbiens ga kity, kguety, stjth,

jeb X.[. ngvhrechet. Mggl ie tdh Yhmmgw Pjnhs agr ege-prgaits misthb fy tdh shrvikh tdhy bhmivhr. Ia ygu

legw tdh ejch ga je grnjeizjtige, aieb it ie tdh ^dith Pjnhs.

Mgkjm mifrjry. Rdh mifrjry dgmbs mgts ga ieagrcjtige jfgut tdh kgccueity, usujmmy jt tdh rhahrhekhbhsl. Rhmm tdh rhahrhekh mifrjrije wdjt ygurh mgglien agr.

Iethreht. Cjey kitihs, kguetihs, jeb ege-prgaits djvh whf siths. Xsh j shjrkd henieh jeb trjkl tdhcbgwe.

Cjp ga tdh kgccueity. Ygu cjy nht geh arhh argc tdh Kdjcfhr ga Kgcchrkh, Jutg Kmuf, RguristFurhju, gr Kity Djmm.



Ibhetiayien Kgccueity Vhsgurkhs

DJEBGXR:K


14/86

Ie tdh kgethet shssige, chcfhrs biskuss jeb bhkibh

ge tdh cgst vitjm prgfmhcs ajkien Jchrikj. Ie tdh

jktige shssige, chcfhrs ibhetiay kgccueity prgf-

mhcs.

KGERHER [H[[IGE? KIRI_HE KDGIKH[Geh ga tdh krukijm tjsls ga j kitizhe is fhkgcien

legwmhbnhjfmh jeb tdielien kritikjmmy jfgut kgc-

cueity prgfmhcs. Rdis shssige jsls chcfhrs tg

shmhkt j prgfmhc (rhmjthb tg je JchriKgrps issuh

jrhj) jeb kgeviekh gtdhrs ga its icpgrtjekh. Airst,

chcfhrs rhjb j friha hssjy ge wdy tdielien kriti-

kjmmy jfgut prgfmhcs is icpgrtjet. Rdhe tdhy shmhkt

j prgfmhc tdjt tdhy kgesibhr Jchrikjs cgst

icpgrtjet prgfmhc, agrc nrgups fjshb ge tdhir

shmhktige, jeb cjlh jrnuchets tg kgeviekh gtdhrs

ga its icpgrtjekh.



Kgpihs ga Djebgut 6J agr chcfhrs

rith tdh eieh ithcs misthb uebhr JchrikjsBhjbmiehs ge Djebgut 6J ge tdh kdjmlfgjrb

gr kdjrt pjphr.

:6Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh


CGBXMH R G

Egths


:. Biskuss jeb agrc je gpieige ge wdjt is tdh

cgst prhssien prgfmhc ajkien Jchrikj.

6. Bhvhmgp jrnuchets suppgrtien wdy it is tdh

cgst prhssien prgfmhc.

;. Cjlh j phrsujsivh prhshetjtige.


15/86

:;Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh


Kgebuktien tdh [hssige

:. Bistrifuth Djebgut 6J. Djvh chc-fhrs rhjb Ietrgbuktige jeb [hktigeI? [hmhktien Prgfmhcs. ^dhe tdhyaieisd, frihamy jeswhr jey quhstiges

tdhy cjy djvh.

6. Jsl chcfhrs tg rhjb [hktige II?Jktivity. ^dhe tdhy aieisd, jslchcfhrs ia jey jbbitigejm ithcs

sdgumb fh jbbhb tg tdh mist ga

Jchrikjs Bhjbmiehs (jbb tdh jbbi-

tigejm ithcs uebhr gtdhr ge tdh

fgjrb). Rdhe thmm chcfhrs tg tjlh j

cgchet jeb bhkibh wdikd prgfmhc

is cgst icpgrtjet. (Chcfhrs

sdgumb tdiel jeb bhkibh iebivibujm-

my witdgut biskussige.)

;. Pgiet tg ithc eucfhr : jeb jsl?^dg djs shmhkthb tdis ithc js tdh

cgst prhssien prgfmhc7 Js chc-

fhrs rjish tdhir djebs, birhkt tdhc

tg chht tgnhtdhr ie je jrhj ga tdh

rggc. Ia eg geh shmhkts tdh ithc,

cgvh tg tdh ehxt ithc.

2. Kgetieuh tdis prgkhss agr tdhrhcjieien ithcs, jathr wdikd ygu

sdgumb djvh shvhrjm nrgups ga biaahr-

het sizhs jrgueb tdh rggc. Jsl hjkdnrgup tg prhpjrh j friha jrnuchet ie

ajvgr ga its shmhktige. Jathr j ahw

cieuths, kjmm ge tdh nrgups tg cjlh

tdhir prhshetjt iges.

8. Jathr hjkd prhshetjtige, jsl ia jey-geh djs kdjenhb dis gr dhr cieb

jeb wgumb milh tg switkd nrgups.

Biskuss tdh rhjsges.

1. Kgekmubh fy dgmbien j biskussigeusien tdh quhstiges ie [hktige III?Agr Biskussige.


16/86

JKRIGE [H[[IGE? IBHERIAYIENKGCCXEIRY PVGFMHC[

Ie tdis shssige, chcfhrs stjrt prhpjrien agr je

jktige prgohkt fy tjlien j mggl jt kgccueity prgf-

mhcs tdhy cindt wjet tg wgrl ge. Airst, chcfhrs

rhjb JchriKgrps nuibhmiehs ge prgohkts. Ehxt, tdhy

rhjb jfgut sgch JchriKgrps prgohkts jeb biskuss

biaahrhet kgccueity prgfmhcs. Rdhe tdhy iethr-

vihw kgccueity chcfhrs jfgut wdjt tdhy fhmihvhjrh tdh cgst icpgrtjet kgccueity prgfmhcs.



Kgpihs ga Djebgut 6F jeb 6K agr chcfhrs

Chcfhrs frien tdhir kgcpmhthb ; x 8 kjrbs.




:. Nhehrjth tdhir gwe ibhjs ge tdh cgst sin-

eiaikjet prgfmhcs ie tdh kgccueity.

6. Njtdhr ibhjs argc kgccueity chcfhrs ge

tdh cgst icpgrtjet prgfmhcs.

Egths


17/86




:. Argc je jssinechet ie tdh mjstjktige shssige, nrgups whrh sup-

pgshb tg kgmmhkt ieagrcjtige jeb

rhkgrb it ge ; x 8 kjrbs. Jsl hjkd

nrgup tg prhshet tdh jnhekihs tdhy

agueb gut jfgut. Kgmmhkt tdh kjrbs

tdhy aimmhb gut. Dgmb j biskussige

usien tdhsh quhstiges?

djt wjs ygur fhst rhsgurkh

agr aiebien tdiens7

djt jrh ege-prgait grnjeizj-

tiges7 Dgw jrh tdhy biaahrhet

argc ngvhrechet jnhekihs7

dikd grnjeizjtiges shhchb

cgst icpgrtjet ie wgrlien ge

JchriKgrps issuh jrhjs7 ^dy7

djt rhmjtigesdips bg ygu shh

fhtwhhe tdhsh vjrigus jnhekihs7 Dgw kje ygu ush tdh ieagrcj-

tige ygu agueb7

6. Bistrifuth Djebgut 6F. Jsl chc-fhrs tg rhjb tdh Ietrgbuktige.Dgmb j friha biskussige fy jslien?

djt bghs Cjrnjrht Chjbs

stjthchet chje7

Bg ygu tdiel it is truh7 dy gr

wdy egt7

;. Rhmm chcfhrs tdhy jrh ngien tg bis-kuss wjys tg cjlh j biaahrhekh ie

tdhir gwe kgccueity. Jsl chc-

fhrs tg rhjb [hktige I? NhttienRdiens Bgeh.

2. Bistrifuth Djebgut 6K (tdis is tdhmist ga Prgdifithb Prgnrjc

Jktivitihs). Frihamy biskuss it.

(EGRH? Jmm prgohkts bhskrifhb ietdis pufmikjtige chht JchriKgrps

nuibhmiehs. Hvhe sg, fhagrh jey

chcfhr tjlhs pjrt ie j prgohkt, ygu

sdgumb cjlh surh tdh prgohkt bghs

egt ievgmvh jey ga tdh jktivitihs

misthb ie tdh Prgdifithb Prgnrjc

Jktivitihs. Ia ygu jrh uesurh

wdhtdhr j pjrtikumjr prgohkt is

Djebgut 6K


18/86

prgdifithb, pgstpgeh tdh prgohkt uetim ygu

rhkhivh kmhjrjekh argc ygur suphrvisgr.)

8. Dgmb j biskussige usien tdh quhstiges ie[hktige II? Agr Biskussige. Mist ge tdh fgjrbjmm tdh prgfmhcs chcfhrs kgch up witd. Djvh

chcfhrs kgpy tdis mist agr tdh ehxt jktige shs-

sige.

1. Jssine [hktige II I? Jktivity. Vhcieb chcfhrstdjt tdhy kje ush tdh kgetjkts tdhy agueb gut

jfgut ie tdh mjst jktige shssige tg dhmp tdhc

kgcpmhth tdh jssinechet. Rhmm chcfhrs tg

frien tdh mists ga kgccueity prgfmhcs tdjt

tdhy njtdhr tg tdh ehxt shssige wdhe tdhy wimm

sdjrh tdh mists.

Gptigejm Agmmgw-up Jktivitihs Xsh tdh ; x 8 kjrbs tg krhjth j Kgccueity

Vhsgurkh Aimh Fgx gr Kgcputhr Bjtjfjsh.

Jsl chcfhrs tg krhjth j kdjrt sdgwien tdh rhmj-

tigesdips jcgen tdh vjrigus jnhekihs.



Egths


19/86

Ietrgbuktige

Hvhry bjy wh jrh kgeargethb witd shrigus sgkijm prgfmhcs tdjt jaahkt tdh qujmity ga miah agr gurshmvhsjeb gur kgccueity. Js je JchriKgrps chcfhr, ygu djvh cjbh je hxkitien kdgikh tg wgrl ge prgf-

mhcs rhnjrbien hbukjtige, pufmik sjahty, tdh hevirgechet, jeb gtdhr ducje ehhbs. ^dhrh bg ygu

fhnie7 ^dhrh wimm ygu fh cgst haahktivh7 ^djt prgfmhcs bg ygu tdiel jrh cgst prhssien7

I. [hmhktien Prgfmhcs^dimh ngvhrechet, fusiehss, jeb ege-prgait nrgups jmm pmjy j rgmh ie jbbrhssien Jchrikjs prgfmhcs,

tdhy bget djvh hegund rhsgurkhs tg bhjm witd hvhry prgfmhc. Hvhe witd tdh dhmp ga vgmuethhrs, egt

jmm prgfmhcs kje fh aummy jbbrhsshb. Djrb kdgikhs cust fh cjbh.

Agr ngvhrechet jt tdh mgkjm, stjth, jeb ahbhrjm mhvhm, mhnismjtgrs cust bhkibh hvhry yhjr wdikd prgnrjcs

wimm fh auebhb jeb wdikd wimm egt. Js iebivibujms jeb vgmuethhrs, wh cust bhkibh wdjt kjushs tg sup-

pgrt jeb wdhrh tg put gur tich jeb hehrny. Gekh wh djvh bhkibhb, wh jmsg djvh tg try tg phrsujbh gtd-

hrsgur ngvhrechetjm rhprhshetjtivhs, kgccueity nrgups, jeb arihebs jeb jssgkijthstdjt tdh kjush

wh fhmihvh ie is wgrtd suppgrtien.

Kdggsien issuhs jeb kgeviekien gtdhrs ga tdhir icpgrtjekh is je hsshetijm kivik rhspgesifimity.

II. JktivityKjrhaummy rhvihw tdh agmmgwien mist ga sgch ga tdh prgfmhcs tdjt kurrhetmy ajkh Jchrikj. dikd djs tdh

cgst prhssien bhjbmieh7 ^dikd, ia sgmvhb, wimm fhehait tdh nrhjthst eucfhr ga phgpmh7 Bhkibh agr ygur-

shma wdikd prgfmhc is tdh cgst icpgrtjet.

Jchrikjs Bhjbmiehs:. JIB[

6. Immithrjky

;. Kdimb jfush

2. Jir, mjeb, jeb wjthr pgmmutige

8. Njen-rhmjthb vigmhekh

1. Dind brgp-gut rjths argc skdggm

>. Agrhst, whtmjebs, jeb wimbmiah prhshrvjtige

4. Brun jeb jmkgdgm jfush

9. Gtdhr (pmhjsh sphkiay)

Ie tdh shkgeb pjrt ga tdh jktivity, agrc nrgups witd chcfhrs wdg djvh cjbh tdh sjch kdgikh ga cgst

icpgrtjet prgfmhc. Biskuss ygur rhjsges jeb prhpjrh j prhshetjtige tg phrsujbh gtdhrs tdjt ygurs is

tdh cgst prhssien bhjbmieh.

III. Agr Biskussige: Dgw bghs hjkd ga tdhsh prgfmhcs rhmjth tg tdh JchriKgrps issuh jrhjs7

6. djt jbbitigejm prgfmhcs cindt fh jbbhb tg tdh mist7

;. djt kgumb ygu jeb ygur nrgup bg tg jbbrhss sgch ga tdhsh prgfmhcs7



Kitizhe Kdgikhs

DJEBGXR6J


20/86

Ietrgbuktige

Ehvhr bguft tdjt j scjmm nrgup ga tdgundtaum, kgccitthb kitizhes kje kdjenh tdh wgrmb< iebhhb, it s tdh gemy tdientdjt hvhr djs.Cjrnjrht Chjb, jetdrgpgmgnist (:90::9>4)

Fhien je haahktivh kitizhe chjes tjlien je jktivh rgmh ie ygur kgccueity. Fy ogieien JchriKgrps,

yguvh cjbh j kgccitchet tg fh je jktivh kitizhe. ^djt bg ygu wjet tg bg tg dhmp tdh kgccueity7

I. Nhttien Rdiens BgehJchriKgrps is jfgut nhttien tdiens bgeh. JchriKgrps chcfhrs djvh dhmphb kgccueitihs strhentdhe

tdhir skdggms, cjlh tdhir strhhts sjahr, icprgvh tdhir pufmik dhjmtd kjrh, jeb kmhje tdhir hevirgechet.

Agr hxjcpmh, JchriKgrps chcfhrs ie biaahrhet kgccueitihs djvh?

Icprgvhb tdh rhjbien skgrhs ga hmhchetjry stubhets tdrgund tutgrien jeb dhmpien pjrhets nht

cgrh ievgmvhb ie skdggm jktivitihs.

Dhmphb mgwhr krich rjths fy wgrlien witd kgccueity pgmikien haagrts jeb Ehindfgrdggb

jtkd grnjeizjt iges.

Dhmphb pufmik dhjmtd gaaikijms iccueizh tdgusjebs ga ieajets.

Hedjekhb tdh hevirgechet fy kmhjrien trjsd argc mgts, bhvhmgpien kgccueity njrbhes, jeb

pmjetien trhhs.

Rdhsh jrh oust j ahw hxjcpmhs. Rdhrh jrh cjey pgssifmh tdiens ygu kje bg js je JchriKgrps chcfhr.

JchriKgrps pmjkhs oust j ahw micits ge prgohkts. Rdhsh rhstriktiges jrh?

Ygur prgohkt sdgumb dhmp j kgccueity chht its hbukjtigejm, pufmik sjahty, hevirgechetjm, gr

gtdhr ducje ehhbs (sukd js dgusien jeb dhjmtd kjrh). Rdhsh jrh tdh jrhjs tdjt JchriKgrps

agkushs ge. Ygur prgohkt sdgumb djvh kgccueity suppgrt. Rdh ngjm ga JchriKgrps is tg dhmp kgccuei-

tihs jkdihvh wdjt tdhy wjet. Fhagrh ygu bg jey prgohkt, ygu sdgumb kdhkl witd kgccueity

grnjeizjtiges jeb kgccueity chcfhrs fy iethrvihwien gr pgmmien tdhc. Rdhy kje nuibh ygu

ie pmjeeien jeb kjrryien gut ygur prgohkt tg hesurh it chhts kgccueity ehhbs.

Ygur prgohkt cust egt ievgmvh jey prgdifithb prgnrjc jktivitihs. [iekh JchriKgrps is j ege-

pjrtisje grnjeizjtige sht up fy Kgenrhss, chcfhrs cust fh kjrhaum egt tg ievgmvh

JchriKgrps ie pgmitikjm, rhminigus, gr ueige jktivitihs. Djebgut 6K mists jktivitihs prgdifithbagr JchriKgrps chcfhrs.

II. Agr Biskussige:. djt bg ygu tdiel jrh tdis kgccueitys nrhjthst prgfmhcs7 Cjlh j mist.

6. dy bg ygu tdiel its icpgrtjet tg nht ieput argc tdh kgccueity ge its prgfmhcs7

;. djt kgccueity chcfhrs gr grnjeizjt iges kje nivh ygu ieput ge tdh kgccueitys prgfmhcs7

III. JktivityFhagrh tdh ehxt shssige, kjmm gr chht witd jt mhjst twg kgccueity chcfhrs gr rhprhshetjtivhs argc

kgccueity jnhekihs jeb jsl tdhc tg mist tdh aivh nrhjthst kgccueity prgfmhcs. Frien ygur mist tg tdh

ehxt shssige.



Ibhetiayien Kgccueity Prgfmhcs

DJEBGXR6F


21/86

^dimh kdjrnien tich tg tdh JchriKgrps Prgnrjc, jkkucumjtien shrvikh/trjieien dgurs gr gtdhrwishhenjnhb ie jktivitihs jssgkijthb witd tdh JchriKgrps prgnrjc gr tdh Kgrpgrjtige, stjaa jeb chcfhrs

cjy egt henjnh ie tdh agmmgwien jktivitihs?

j. Jey haagrt tg ieamuhekh mhnismjtige.

f. Grnjeizien gr henjnien ie prgthsts, phtitiges, fgykgtts gr strilhs.

k. Jssistien, prgcgtien gr bhthrrien ueige grnjeizien.

b. Icpjirien hxistien kgetrjkts agr shrvikhs gr kgmmhktivh fjrnjieien jnrhhchets.

h. Henjnien ie pjrtisje pgmitikjm jktivitihs gr gtdhr jktivitihs bhsinehb tg ieamuhekh tdh gutkgch ga

je hmhktige tg jey pufmik gaaikh.

a. Pjrtikipjtien ie, gr hebgrsien, hvhets gr jktivitihs wdikd jrh milhmy tg iekmubh jbvgkjky agr gr

jnjiest pgmitikjm pjrtihs, pgmitikjm pmjtagrcs, pgmitikjm kjebibjths, prgpgshb mhnismjtige, gr hmhkthbgaaikijms.

n. Henjnien ie rhminigus iestruktige< kgebuktien wgrsdip shrvikhs< gr henjnien ie jey agrc ga

rhminigus prgshmytizjtige.

d. Prgvibien j birhkt fhehait tg?

i. j agr-prgait hetity. Djvh ygu hvhr stjrthb j kgccueity prgohkt7 YH[ EG

4. Bg ygu stjy ieagrchb ge kgccueity issuhs7 YH[ EG

Ia YH[, tdhe dgw bg ygu stjy ieagrchb7 (kdhkl jmm tdjt jrh jpprgprijth)

WWWW rhjb j bjimy ehwspjphr WWWW misthe tg ehws ge rjbig

WWWW wjtkd RQ ehws WWWW nht ehws argc tdh Iethreht

WWWW gtdhr WWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

III. Agr Biskussige:. djt surprishb ygu jfgut tdh rhsumts7 djt bibet surprish ygu7

6. Bg ygu tdiel tdh rhsumts ga tdh survhy wgumb fh sicimjr agr JchriKgrps vgmuethhrs jkrgss tdh

ejtige7 Agr tdh kgccueity jt mjrnh7 Hxpmjie.

;. dikd ga tdh kitizhe jktiges ge tdh survhy bg ygu tdiel is cgst icpgrtjet7 Mhjst icpgrtjet7

Hxpmjie.

2. Dgw bg ygu tdiel JchriKgrps chcfhrs kje prgcgth tdhsh kitizhe jktiges7



Pgmmien

DJEBGXR;J


27/86

IetrgbuktigeJmtdgund ygu prgfjfmy bget djvh tdh chjes tg kgebukt j skihetiaik gpieige pgmm, ygu kje tjlh je

ieagrcjm pgmm. It kje dhmp ygu mhjre wdjt phgpmh ie tdh kgccueity tdiel jfgut prgfmhcs. It is icpgr-

tjet tg bhthrcieh tdis fhagrh ygu bg jey shrvikh ie tdh kgccueity. Rdhrh jrh tdrhh sthps tg survhyien?

I. Rdrhh [thps tg Gpieige [urvhyien:. Krhjth j [urvhy

Cjlh cgst ga ygur quhstiges cumtipmh kdgikh jeb yhs/eg. Rdis wimm cjlh ygur survhy hjsy tgtjfumjth.

Lhhp tdh survhy sdgrt jeb sicpmh.

Fh surh tdjt ygur quhsti ges bg egt agrkh pjrt ikumjr jeswhrs. Rdhy cust fh uefijshb. Gtdhrwishygur survhy rhsumts wimm fh gphe tg kritikisc.

Rhst ygur survhy. Fhagrh kgebuktien tdh survhy, jsl sgchgeh tg kdhkl it gvhr. Bghs tdjt phrsgetdiel it is kmhjr7

6. [hmhkt tdh Pgpumjtige jeb [jcpmh

Bhthrcieh tdh pgpumjtige. ^djt wimm ygur pgmm rhsumts rhprhshet7 Rdh gpieiges ga hvhrygeh ietdh kgccueity7 Ga j shktige ga tdh kgccueity7 [hmhkt tdh pgpumjtige ygu wjet tdh pgmm tg kgvhr.

[hmhkt j sjcpmh. Ygu bget djvh tg pgmm tdh hetirh pgpumjtige tg nht j nggb ibhj ga dgw phgpmh ietdh pgpumjtige ahhm. Rry tg nht j rjebgc sjcpmh ga tdh pgpumjtige. Rdis chjes tdjt hvhry phrsge

ie tdh pgpumjtige djs tdh sjch kdjekh ga tjlien tdh survhy. Agr hxjcpmh, thmhpdgeien tdh aiatd

phrsge ge hjkd pjnh ga tdh pdgeh fggl wgumb fh j rjebgc sjcpmh.

;. Kgebukt tdh [urvhy

Prhpjrh jeb prjktikh j friha ietrgbuktige. ^dhe jpprgjkdien j strjenhr, ietrgbukh ygurshma, thmmwdjt nrgup ygu jrh argc, hxpmjie tdh survhys purpgsh, jeb jsl wdhtdhr tdh phrsge wgumb cieb

sphebien j ahw cieuths jeswhrien it. Fh pgm ith. Phgpmh wdg jeswhr ygur survhy jrh bgien ygu j ajvgr. Bget fjbnhr jeygeh tg tjlh tdh

survhy.

Rhmm jmm iethrvihwhhs tdjt tdhy bg egt djvh tg put tdhir ejchs ge tdh survhy. Vhsumts wimm fhrhpgrthb jegeycgusmy.

Fh js grnjeizhb js pgssifmh. Xsh j kmipfgjrb tg dgmb tdh survhys jeb frien hxtrj phes gr phekims.

jit agr hjkd survhy jeb kdhkl i t. Cjlh surh tdh ieagrcjtige is kgcpmhth. Ia ygu rhjb tdh sur-vhy tg tdh rhspgebhet jeb aimm it ie, writh hxjktmy wdjt tdh phrsge sjys.

II. Biskussige:. dy is j rjebgc sjcpmh icpgrtjet agr je gpieige pgmm7 Dgw wgumb ygu nht j rjebgc sjcpmh ga

tdh kgccueity76. djt bg ygu tdiel wgumb fh tdh cgst biaaikumt pjrt ga krhjtien jeb kgebuktien j pgmm7 dy7

;. dy bg ygu tdiel its icpgrtjet tg aieb gut wdikd prgfmhcs tdh kgccueity kgesibhrs cgst

shrigus7

III. JktivityIe tdis shssige, agmmgw tdh birhktiges ge tdis djebgut jeb krhjth j pgmm tg bhthrcieh wdikd kgccu-

eity prgfmhcs jrh kgesibhrhb cgst icpgrtjet fy kgccueity chcfhrs. Fhagrh tdh ehxt shssige, kge-

bukt tdh pgmm ge aivh kgccueity chcfhrs. Ie tdh ehxt jktige shssige, ygu wimm kgcpimh tdh rhsumts.



Bg Ygur Gwe Gpieige Pgmm

DJEBGXR;F


28/86

Ie tdh kgethet shssige, chcfhrs hxjcieh mgkjm

ehwspjphrs jeb tdhir kgvhrjnh ga mgkjm prgfmhcs. Ie

tdh shkgeb, chcfhrs shmhkt j kgccueity prgfmhc

jeb rhshjrkd tdh prgfmhc.

KGERHER [H[[IGE? KGEBXKRIENJEH [ [HJVKDRdh mgkjm ehwspjphr is j trhchebgus rhsgurkh agr

mhjreien jfgut tdh kgccueity. Ie tdis shssige,

chcfhrs ush tdh mgkjm ehwspjphr js j tggm agr njtd-

hrien ieagrcjtige jfgut kgccueity prgfmhcs.

Airst, chcfhrs rhjb jfgut ehwspjphrs jeb ehws

jrtikmhs. Rdhe chcfhrs shjrkd agr jrtikmhs ge kgc-

cueity prgfmhcs, jrrjenh tdhc fy prgfmhc jrhj,

jeb rhpgrt tdhir aiebiens tg tdh mjrnhr nrgup.

Ajkimitjtgr Kdhklmist Phes jeb pjphr agr chcfhrs

Vhkhet kgpihs ga mgkjm ehwspjphrs agr chcfhrs




CGBXMH AGXV


:. Aieb ehwspjphr jrtikmhs ge JchriKgrps

issuh jrhjs.6. Hvjmujth ehwspjphr kgvhrjnh ga mgkjm prgf-

mhcs jeb issuhs.

;. Hxpmjie wdy it is icpgrtjet tg fh whmm-

ieagrchb ge pufmik issuhs.

Egths


29/86

6>Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh


Kgebuktien tdh [hssige:. Bistrifuth Djebgut 2J. Djvh

chcfhrs rhjb tdh Ietrgbuktige.Jsl tdhc? ^dy bg ygu tdiel its

icpgrtjet tg fh whmm-ieagrchb

jfgut pufmik issuhs7 Dgmb j friha

biskussige.

6. Jsl chcfhrs tg rhjb [hktige I?Ehwspjphrs. ^dhe tdhy aieisd,ush j kgpy ga ygur mgkjm ehwspjphr

tg mgkjth its biaahrhet shktiges jeb

hxpmjie tdhir auektige.

;. Bivibh chcfhrs ietg nrgups gaagur. Bistrifuth geh ehwspjphr tg

hjkd nrgup. Rhmm chcfhrs tg ush

tdh tips ie [hktige II? Jktivity tgshjrkd tdh pjphr agr jrtikmhs ge

hbukjtige, pufmik sjahty, tdh hevi-rgechet, jeb gtdhr ducje ehhbs.

2. Rhmm chcfhrs tg cjlh j mist ga tdhjrtikmhs tdhy aieb jkkgrbien tg

hjkd ga tdhsh tgpiks jeb writh j

friha bhskriptige ga tdh cjie ibhj

ga hjkd jrtikmh. Rhmm tdhc tg kdggsh

biaahrhet chcfhrs ga tdh nrgup tg

rhpgrt tg tdh wdgmh nrgup ge hjkd

ga tdh agur tgpiks.

8. Kjmm ge nrgups tg rhpgrt ge tdhjrtikmhs tdhy agueb ge hbukjtige.

Vhphjt tdh prgkhss agr hjkd tgpik.

1. Jathr jmm nrgups djvh rhpgrthb,dgmb j biskussige usien tdh quhs-

tiges ie [hktige III? AgrBiskussige.

Gptigejm Agmmgw-up Jktivitihs Jsl chcfhrs tg kgmmhkt ehws jrti-kmhs ge tdh prgfmhc jrhj tdjt iethr-

hsts tdhc cgst.

Jsl chcfhrs tg wjtkd j thmhvisige

ehws frgjbkjst jeb kgcpjrh tdh

prgfmhcs kgvhrhb ie tdh ehwspj-

phr witd tdgsh chetigehb ge thmh-

visige.


30/86

JKRIGE [H[[IGE? [HMHKRIENJEBVH[HJVKDIENJ PVGFMHC

Ie tdis shssige, chcfhrs shmhkt jeb rhshjrkd j prgf-

mhc. Jathr rhjbien j sdgrt shmhktige, chcfhrs

kdggsh j kgccueity prgfmhc tg agkus ge jeb

fhnie rhshjrkdien tdh prgfmhc. Rdhy kjrry ge tdhir

rhshjrkd uetim tdh ehxt cgbumh.



Kgpihs ga Djebgut 2F jeb 2K agr chcfhrs

Chcfhrs frien tdh rhsumts ga tdh pgmm tdhy kge-

bukthb ge kgccueity prgfmhcs




:. Ibhetiay tdh biaahrhet kgcpgehets ga j shrv-

ikh prgohkt.

6. [hmhkt j kgccueity prgfmhc tg agkus ge.

;. Vhshjrkd je jsphkt ga tdh prgfmhc.

Egths


31/86



Kgebuktien tdh [hssige:. Jsl chcfhrs tg tjlh gut tdhir

pgmm rhsumts. Bivibh chcfhrs ietg

tdrhh nrgups. Jsl hjkd nrgup tg

tjmmy tdh rhsumts argc tdh pgmm

getg geh sdhht. ^dhe tdis is

bgeh, djvh rhprhshetjtivhs argc

hjkd nrgup chht jeb quiklmy

kgcpimh tdh rhsumts argc tdh tdrhhsdhhts getg j aiejm kgcpimjtige

sdhht.

6. Jsl tdh rhprhshetjtivhs tgjeeguekh tdh rhsumts. Dgmb j bis-

kussige fy jslien tdhsh quhstiges?

djt prgfmhc (gr prgfmhcs)

bghs tdh kgccueity kgesibhr

cgst icpgrtjet7 ^dy bg ygu

tdiel kgccueity chcfhrs

kgesibhr it sg icpgrtjet7

Dgw jkkurjth bg ygu tdiel

ygur pgmm wjs7 ^dy7

;. Ieagrc chcfhrs tdjt tdh rhsumtsargc tdh survhy kje dhmp tdhc ie

tdh ehxt sthp ga tdhir prgohkt.

Bistrifuth Djebgut 2F. Jslchcfhrs tg rhjb tdh

Ietrgbuktige jeb [hktige I?Kdggsh jeb [tuby j Prgfmhc

2. Dgmb j biskussige usien tdh quhs-tiges ie [hktige II? AgrBiskussige.

8. Jsl chcfhrs tg rhjb [hktige III?Jktivity. Djvh tdhc shmhkt j prgf-mhc jrhj tdjt tdhy wjet tg agkus

ge. Rg bg tdis, jsl chcfhrs tg

rhahr tg tdh tips ie tdh djebgut

jeb tg kgesibhr tdh quhstigestdhrh.

1. ^dhe tdhy djvh bhkibhb ge jprgfmhc, bivibh tdhc ietg tdrhh

nrgups jeb jssine hjkd nrgup tg


32/86

;0Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh


rhshjrkd geh ga tdh agmmgwien

tdrhh quhstige jrhjs chetigehb

ie tdh djebgut?

Zuhstiges ga kjusjmity.

Zuhstiges jfgut tdh prgf-mhcs shrigusehss.

Pgmiky quhstiges.

>. Bistrifuth jeb biskuss Djebgut2K, wdikd wimm dhmp tdhc bg tdhrhshjrkd. Rhmm tdhc tdhir rhshjrkd

is buh jt tdh ehxt jktige shssige.

Egths


33/86

IetrgbuktigeJs j kitizhe, it is icpgrtjet tg fh whmm-ieagrchb. Ehwspjphrs kje suppmy j nrhjt bhjm ga ieagrcjtige

jfgut kgccueity issuhs ge hbukjtige, pufmik sjahty, tdh hevirgechet, jeb gtdhr ducje ehhbs. Dgwbghs ygur mgkjm ehwspjphr kgvhr tdhsh issuhs7 Ie tdis shssige, ygu wimm ush tdh mgkjm ehwspjphr js je

ieagrcjtige-njtdhrien tggm.

I. EhwspjphrsEhws stgrihs jrh writthe ie je ievhrthb pyrjcib stymh, wdikd cjlhs tdhc hjsy tg skje. Rdh cgst

icpgrtjet jeb mjthst ieagrcjtige kgchs ie tdh airst pjrjnrjpd, legwe js tdh mhjb pjrjnrjpd. Rdis pjrj-

nrjpd is sdgrt, usujmmy gemy geh shethekh witd ahwhr tdje ;0 wgrbs. Rdh airst twg pjrjnrjpds jeswhr

tdh six fjsik quhstiges ga j ehws stgry? ^dg7 ^djt7 ^dhe7 ^dhrh7 ^dy7 Dgw7 Rdh stgry tdhe prg-

khhbs tg prgvibh nrhjthr bhtjim, witd tdh cgst icpgrtjet ajkts kgcien airst jeb tdh mhss icpgrtjet mjthr.

Ehws stgrihs jrh strukturhb tdis wjy sg tdhy kje fh sdgrthehb hjsimy tg ait tdh spjkh jvjimjfmh ie tdh

ehwspjphr. Hbitgrs kje sicpmy stgp tdh stgry jeywdhrh jeb gcit tdh mgwhr pjrt. Rdhy kje fh kgeai-bhet tdjt tdh cjie pjrt ga tdh stgry djs jmrhjby fhhe tgmb jeb tdhy jrh gemy mhjvien gut mhss icpgr-

tjet pjrts.

Rdis strukturh jmsg jmmgws rhjbhrs tg uebhrstjeb tdh icpgrtjet bhtjims ga je jrtikmh witdgut djvien tg

rhjb tdh hetirh stgry.

II. JktivityIe scjmm nrgups, shjrkd ygur mgkjm ehwspjphr agr jrtikmhs ge tdh tgpiks ga hbukjtige, pufmik sjahty,tdh hevirgechet, jeb gtdhr ducje ehhbs. Mist tdh jrtikmhs ygu aieb uebhr hjkd tgpik. rith j frihabhskriptige ga tdh cjie ibhj ga hjkd jrtikmh. Kdggsh geh phrsge agr hjkd tgpik tg rhpgrt ygur aiebiens

tg tdh mjrnhr nrgup.

Dhrh jrh sgch tips tg dhmp ygu shjrkd tdh pjphr quiklmy jeb hjsimy? [kje tdh dhjbmiehs agr wgrbs jeb ibhjs rhmjtien tg tdh tgpiks misthb jfgvh.

[lic tdh mhjb pjrjnrjpd ga tdh stgry tg nrjsp tdh cjie ibhj.

[tuby tdh jrtikmh agr ajkts ge tdh tgpik.

Rdiel jfgut wdjt ygu rhjb. Mjthr, ygu jrh ngien tg biskuss tdh ieagrcjtige ygu rhjb.

III. Agr Biskussige:. djt tgpiks bib tdh ehwspjphr kgvhr tdh cgst7

6. Bib it kgvhr tdh prgfmhcs ygu tdiel jrh tdh cgst icpgrtjet prgfmhcs ie tdh kgccueity7

;. Bg ygu tdiel tdh ehwspjphr bhskrifhb tdh prgfmhcs ajirmy jeb jkkurjthmy7 Hxpmjie.



Kgebuktien j Ehws [hjrkd

DJEBGXR2J


34/86

IetrgbuktigeYguvh jmrhjby mhjrehb j mgt jfgut tdh kgccueitys prgfmhcs. Yguvh iethrvihwhb jeb tjlhe j pgmm ga

kgccueity chcfhrs jfgut tdhsh prgfmhcs. Egw its tich tg shmhkt j prgfmhc tdjt ygu wjet tg wgrl

ge jeb rhshjrkd it. Fhmgw jrh sgch ibhjs agr bgien tdhsh tdiens.

I. Kdggsh jeb [tuby j Prgfmhc[hmhkt j Prgfmhc. Fhagrh ygu bhkibh ge j prgfmhc, biskuss wdjt ygu mhjrehb jfgut prgfmhcs argciethrvihwien jeb pgmmien kgccueity chcfhrs. Rdhe biskuss tdhsh quhstiges?

^dikd prgfmhc jaahkts ygur kgccueity tdh cgst7 ^dikd wgumb fh cgst iethrhstien tg wgrl ge7 ^dikd kgumb fh wgrlhb ge cgst hjsimy jeb haahktivhmy7 ^dikd wgumb ygu mhjre tdh cgst argc7

Vhshjrkd tdh Prgfmhc. Rdh cgrh ygu legw jfgut j prgfmhc, tdh cgrh ygumm uebhrstjeb dgw tgjpprgjkd it. Aieb gut js cukd js ygu kje jfgut tdhsh tdrhh quhstige jrhjs?

:. Zuhstiges ga kjusjmity. djt kjushs tdh prgfmhc7 Is it rhmjthb tg gtdhr prgfmhcs7 Ia sg, dgw7 djt bhfjths jrh tdhrh jfgut tdh prgfmhc7

6. Zuhstiges jfgut tdh prgfmhcs shrigusehss.

Dgw mgen djs it hxisthb7 djt jrh its haahkts7

dg bghs it jaahkt cgst7 djt wimm djpphe ia it is egt sgmvhb7

;. Pgmiky quhstiges.

^djt is ngvhrechet bgien jfgut it7Ie tdh kgccueity.Ie gtdhr pmjkhs.

djt jrh ege-ngvhrechetjm nrgups bgien jfgut it7

djt jrh sgch ibhjs agr wgrlien ge tdh prgfmhc7 dg hmsh is wgrlien ge it gr is iethrhsthb ie it7

Rg a ieb jeswhrs, try tdh agmmgwien?

Xsh tdh mifrjry. Mggl up ehwspjphr jrtikmhs. Jsl tdh rhahrhekh mifrjrije agr dhmp. [hjrkd tdh Iethreht. Xsh j shjrkd henieh. Mggl hsphkijmmy jt ngvhrechet, chbij, jeb ege-

prgait siths.

Iethrvihw hxphrts. Kjmm mgkjm ngvhrechet gaaikijms. Aieb phgpmh jt ege-prgait grnjeizjtigestdjt wgrl ge tdh prgfmhc.

[urvhy kgccueity chcfhrs. Jsl quhstiges ga phgpmh ygu legw. Kgebukt je ieagrcjm writ-the survhy ga kgccueity chcfhrs.

II. Agr Biskussige:. djt bg ygu tdiel sdgumb fh tdh cgst icpgrtjet kgesibhrjtige ie shmhktien j prgfmhc7 dy76. dy bg ygu tdiel its icpgrtjet tg rhshjrkd j prgfmhc7

;. djt gtdhr quhstiges bg ygu tdiel it wgumb fh icpgrtjet tg aieb gut jfgut tdh prgfmhc7 dy7

III. JktivityJs j wdgmh nrgup, bhkibh ge j prgfmhc jrhj.

Jathr bhkibien ge geh prgfmhc jrhj tg agkus ge, ygu kje stjrt rhshjrkdien it. Bivibh ietg tdrhh nrgups.

Hjkd nrgup wimm fh jssinehb geh ga tdh tdrhh quhstige jrhjs chetigehb jfgvh. Xsh Djebgut 2K tgdhmp ygu rhshjrkd ygur quhstige jrhj.



[hmhktien jeb Vhshjrkdien j Prgfmhc

DJEBGXR2F


35/86

IetrgbuktigeCjey phgpmh jeb nrgups ie ygur kgccueity prgfjfmy jrh jmrhjby wgrlien ge tdh sjch prgfmhc js

ygu. Rg mgkjth tdhc, ush ygur thmhpdgeh fggl. Kjmm tdhc jeb jsl? djt is fhien bgeh jfgut tdh prgf-

mhc7 ^dg hmsh is wgrlien ge it gr iethrhsthb ie it7 Geh nrgup wimm mhjb ygu tg cjey gtdhrs.



Grnjeizjtiges jeb Hxphrts

DJEBGXR2K

Aiebien Ngvhrechet VhsgurkhsNgvhrechet gaaikijms, kgccitthhs, fgjrbs,

jeb bhpjrtchets wgrl ge kgccueity prgf-

mhcs. Kjmm ygur mgkjm hmhkthb rhprhshetjtivhs.

Ie tdh thmhpdgeh birhktgry, aieb tdh ngvhre-

chet pjnhs, usujmmy mgkjthb oust fhagrh tdh

^dith Pjnhs. Rdhy mist ngvhrechet gaaikhs

uebhr shpjrjth dhjbiens agr kity, kguety, stjth,

jeb X.[. ngvhrechet. Xebhr kity, mggl agr

kity kguekim chcfhrs. Xebhr kguety, mggl agr

kguety suphrvisgrs. Ia ygu kjet aieb tdhc,

kjmm tdh cjie eucfhrs uebhr tdh kity jeb

kguety mistiens. Gr try shjrkdien ge tdh

Iethreht gr ngien tg tdh mifrjry jeb jslien

tdh rhahrhekh mifrjrije agr j mist ga mgkjm gaai-

kijms.

Aiebien Ege-Prgait VhsgurkhsRdhsh nrgups jrh egt ie fusiehss tg cjlh j

prgait. Rdhy vjry wibhmyehindfgrdggb jssg-

kijtiges, jbvgkjky nrgups, hevirgechetjm

nrgups, vgmuethhr grnjeizjtiges, kdjritihs,shrvikh grnjeizjtiges, arjthrejm sgkihtihs,

ueiges, kdurkdhs, htk. Cjey pmjy je jktivh

rgmh ie wgrlien ge kgccueity prgfmhcs.

Mggl ie tdh Yhmmgw Pjnhs uebhr Hbukjtigejm

Grnjeizjtiges jeb Hbukjtigejm

Kgesumtjets< Hevirgechetjm, Kgeshrvjtige,

&Hkgmgnikjm Grnjeizjtiges< Arjthrejm

Grnjeizjtiges< Ducje [hrvikhs

Grnjeizjtiges gr [gkijm [hrvikh

Grnjeizjtiges< Mjfgr GrnjeizjtigesKgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh



:. Jsl chcfhrs tg chht ie tdh tdrhhrhshjrkd-quhstige nrgups. Jsl tdh

nrgups tg?

j. Biskuss tdhir rhshjrkd.

f. Bhvhmgp jeswhrs tg tdhir quhs-

tiges.

k. Prhpjrh j prhshetjtige ge hjkdquhstige.

6. Djvh tdh tdrhh nrgups cjlh tdhirprhshetjtiges. Dgmb j biskussige ge

tdhir rhshjrkd. Fh surh tg writh bgwe

ge tdh fgjrb jey pgmikihs che-

tigehb. (Rdgsh rhshjrkdien pgmiky

quhstiges sdgumb djvh sgch pgmi-

kihs, i.h., jpprgjkdhs tdjt ngvhre-

chet is tjlien tgwjrb sgmvien tdh

prgfmhc.)

;. Bistrifuth Djebgut 8F. Jsl chc-fhrs tg rhjb Ietrgbuktige jeb[hktige I? Jejmyzien j Pgmiky.Jeswhr jey quhstiges tdhy cjy

djvh.

2. Jsl tdhc tg rhjb [hktige II?Jktivity. Bivibh tdh nrgup ietgpjirs. Djvh hjkd pjir shmhkt geh ga

tdh pgmikihs writthe ge tdh fgjrb

jeb jejmyzh tdh pgmiky.

8. ^dhe tdhy aieisd tdhir jejmysis,djvh j pjir rhpgrt ge j pgmiky. Mht

jey gtdhr pjir wdg jejmyzhb tdh

sjch pgmiky kgcchet. Vhphjt tdh

prgkhss agr hjkd pgmiky. Kgekmubh

fy dgmbien j biskussige usien tdh

quhstiges ie [hktige III? AgrBiskussige.


40/86

Ietrgbuktige^imm ygu vgth agr j ehw hevirgechetjm ieitijtivh7 ^imm tdjt pgmitikijes hbukjtige prgpgsjm wgrl7 Bg

ygu suppgrt sphebien cgrh tjx cgehy ge pufmik sjahty7 Js j kitizhe, ygumm ehhb tg hvjmujth ngvhre-

chet pgmikihs jeb pgmiky prgpgsjms. Rjlh, agr hxjcpmh, tdh pgmiky ga shebien yguen ege-vigmhet gaaheb-

hrs tg fggt kjcps. Is it j nggb pgmiky7 Vhjb tdh agmmgwien hssjy jeb bhkibh agr ygurshma.

I. Fggt Kjcps agr Yguen Gaahebhrs^dhe yguen jbumts kgccit j ege-vigmhet airst gaahesh, wdjt sdgumb djpphe tg tdhc7 [dgumb tdhy ng

tg prisge, gr is tdis tgg djrsd7 [dgumb tdhy nht prgfjtige, gr is tdis tgg sgat7 ^djt sdgumb djpphe7

Geh prgpgsjm is tg sheb tdhc tg fggt kjcps. Jfgut ;0 stjths djvh jmrhjby hstjfmisdhb fggt kjcps.

Fggt kjcps prgvibh sdgrt-thrc mgklup (usujmmy up tg six cgetds) witd j bjimy rgutieh hcpdjsizien

cimitjry-stymh biskipmieh, brimms, jeb rhsphkt agr jutdgrity. Rdh yguen iecjths jmsg put ie j mgen bjy ga

djrb wgrl. Rdgsh wdg ajim tdh prgnrjc jrh shet tg j rhnumjr jbumt prisge.

Jbvgkjths sjy tdjt fggt kjcps nivh yguen gaahebhrs j kdjekh tg kdjenh tdhir wjys. Rdhy jmsg sjy tdjt

fggt kjcps lhhp ygutdaum airst-tichrs jpjrt argc djrbhehb gaahebhrs, wdg cindt ieamuhekh tdh yguen

gaahebhrs. Cgrhgvhr, jbvgkjths sjy tdjt fggt kjcps, wdikd jrh ajr kdhjphr tg rue tdje cjie-mieh pris-

ges, arhh up prisge spjkh agr djrbhehb kjrhhr kriciejms.

Kritiks rhpmy tdjt tdhrh is eg prgga tdjt strikt cimitjry-typh biskipmieh wimm strjindthe gut yguen krici-

ejms. Rdhy kith stubihs tdjt sdgw tdh rjth ga rhphjt gaahebhrs bghs egt biaahr cukd fhtwhhe fggt kjcp

nrjbujths jeb tdgsh put ge prgfjtige gr ie j rhnumjr ojim. Kritiks jrnuh tdjt tdh yhs sir jttitubh

iestimmhb ie fggt kjcp sgge bisjpphjrs gekh tdh gaahebhr rhtures tg tdh gmb ehindfgrdggb.

II. JktivityIe scjmm nrgups, ush tdh agmmgwien pgmiky-jejmysis quhstiges tg hvjmujth fggt kjcps. rith bgwe ygur

jeswhrs.

:. djt is tdh pgmiky7

6. djt prgfmhc(s) is tdh pgmiky bhsinehb tg jbbrhss7

;. djt jrh tdh pgmikys prgs jeb kges7

2. djt jrh tdh jmthrejtivhs7

8. Is tdh pgmiky cgrh haahktivh tdje tdh jmthrejtivhs7 Hxpmjie.

III. Agr Biskussige

:. gumb ygu rhkgccheb tdjt ygur stjth fuimb fggt kjcps7 Hxpmjie.6. djt jrh pgmikihs7 dy is jejmyzien pgmiky icpgrtjet7

;. Bg ygu tdiel its icpgrtjet tg jsl tdhsh pgmiky-jejmysis quhstiges7 dy gr wdy egt7 Kje ygu

tdiel ga gtdhr quhstiges wgrtd jslien7

2. djt pgmikihs djvh ygu mhjrehb jfgut js je JchriKgrps chcfhr7



Pgmiky Jejmysis

DJEBGXR8J


41/86

IetrgbuktigeIe tdh mjst shssige, ygu prjktikhb jejmyzien pgmikihs. Ie ygur rhshjrkd, yguvh agueb pgmikihs jeb pgmi-

ky prgpgsjms agr bhjmien witd tdh prgfmhc. Egw its tich tg jejmyzh geh ga tdhsh pgmikihs gr pgmiky prg-pgsjms.

I. Jejmyzien j Pgmiky:. [hmhkt geh ga tdhsh pgmikihs gr pgmiky prgpgsjms. Bhskrifh it.

6. djt prgfmhc(s) is tdh pgmiky bhsinehb tg jbbrhss7

;j. djt jrh tdh prgs ga tdis pgmiky7

;f. djt jrh tdh kges ga tdis pgmiky7

2. djt jrh tdh jmthrejtivhs tg tdh pgmiky7

8. Is tdh pgmiky cgrh haahktivh tdje tdh jmthrejtivhs7 Hxpmjie.

II. JktivityBivibh ietg pjirs. [hmhkt j pgmiky gr pgmiky prgpgsjm jeb jejmyzh it. Prhpjrh tg rhpgrt ygur jejmysis tg

tdh wdgmh nrgup.

III. Agr Biskussige:. Bg ygu tdiel its hjsy gr biaaikumt tg jejmyzh pgmikihs7 ^dy7

6. ^djt jbbitigejm ieagrcjtige wgumb ygu milh tg legw jfgut tdhsh pgmikihs7



Pgmiky grl

DJEBGXR8F


42/86

Ie tdh kgethet shssige, chcfhrs biskuss rindts tdjt

Jchrikjes djvh. Ie tdh jktige shssige, chcfhrs

bhkibh ge je jktige prgohkt tg bg ie tdh kgccuei-

ty.

KGERHER [H[[IGE? VINDR[ JEBAVHHBGC[Jchrikjes djvh cjey prhkigus rindts jeb

Kgestitutigejm prgthktiges. Rdis shssige rhquirhs

chcfhrs tg tdiel jfgut tdh icpgrtjekh ga tdh Fimm

ga Vindts. Airst, chcfhrs rhjb jfgut j kgequhrien

visitgr argc guthr spjkh wdg wimm jmmgw

Jchrikjes tg lhhp gemy aivh rindts. Rdhe ie scjmm

nrgups, chcfhrs kdggsh aivh rindts jeb tdhe witd

tdh wdgmh nrgup cjlh j aiejm, uejeicgus bhkisige.

Ajkimitjtgr Kdhklmist Kdjmlfgjrb gr kdjrt pjphr Phes jeb pjphr agr chcfhrs




CGBXMH [IT


:. Ibhetiay fjsik kgestitutigejm rindts ga

Jchrikjes.

6. Hxprhss je gpieige ge wdikd rindts jrh tdh

cgst icpgrtjet.

;. Bhvhmgp jrnuchets suppgrtien wdy tdhsh

jrh tdh cgst icpgrtjet.

2. grl witd j nrgup tg jkdihvh kgeshesus ge

tdh aivh cgst icpgrtjet rindts.

Egths


43/86

2:Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh



:. Jsl chcfhrs? Kje ygu ejch jahw rindts tdjt Jchrikjes djvh7

(Jkkhpt vjrigus jeswhrs.) Rhmm

tdhc tdjt tgbjy tdhy jrh ngien tg

hvjmujth wdikd rindts nujrjethhb

fy tdh Fimm ga Vindts jrh cgst

icpgrtjet.

6. Bistrifuth Djebgut 1J. Jslchcfhrs tg rhjb tdh

Ietrgbuktige jeb [hktige I? JQisitgr Argc Guthr [pjkh.^dhe tdhy aieisd, frihamy jeswhr

jey quhstiges. (Egth? Rdh ejch

ga tdh visitgr is [tdnir argc

pmjeht Egitutitsegk. Rdhsh twg

wgrbs, biaaikumt tg prgeguekh, jrh

Vindts jeb Kgestitutige sphmmhb

fjklwjrbs.)

;. Bivibh chcfhrs ietg nrgups gaaivh gr six. Rhmm tdhc tg rhjb

[hktige II? Jktivity. Cjlh surhtdhy uebhrstjeb tdjt (:) tdhir

bhkisige cust fh uejeicgus jeb(6) tdhy cust shmhkt tdh aivh cgsticpgrtjet rindts.

2. Nivh tdh nrgups j sht jcguet gatich. Rhmm tdhc tdhy cust kgch

tg j uejeicgus bhkisige witdie

tdjt tich gr tdhy wimm mgsh jmm tdhir

rindts.

8. Mist tdh :: rindts ge tdh fgjrb.Nivh chcfhrs phrigbik wjreiens

ga dgw cukd tich is mhat.

1. Kjmm t ich. Jsl tdh nrgups tg kgch

tgnhtdhr jeb sdjrh tdhir bhkisiges.

>. Dgmb j biskussige usien tdh quhs-tiges ie [hktige III? AgrBiskussige.


44/86

JKRIGE [H[[IGE? BHKIBIENGE JEJKRIGE PVGOHKRIe tdis shssige, chcfhrs bhkibh wdjt prgohkt tdhy

jrh ngien tg bg. Airst, tdhy rhvihw tdhir rhshjrkd ge

j prgfmhc. Rdhe tdhy rhjb jfgut biaahrhet prgohkts.

Aiejmmy, tdhy bhkibh ge j prgohkt.



Kgpihs ga Djebgut 1F, 1K, 1B, 1H, 1A, 1N,

1D, 1I, jeb 1O agr chcfhrs

Chcfhrs frien tdhir rhshjrkd aiebiens.




:. Nhehrjth prgohkt ibhjs.

6. Hvjmujth prgohkt ibhjs.

;. [hmhkt j prgohkt.

Egths


45/86

2;Kgrpgrjtige agr Ejtigejm [hrvikh



:. Ieagrc chcfhrs tdjt ie tdis shs-sige tdhy jrh ngien tg kdggsh

prgohkts tg wgrl ge tdjt jbbrhss

tdhir prgfmhc jrhj.

6. Bistrifuth Djebgut 1F. Frihamybiskuss tdh Ietrgbuktige jeb[hktige I? Hindt Prgohkts. Jeswhrjey quhstiges tdhy cjy djvh.

;. Bistrifuth Djebguts 1K tg 1O tghjkd chcfhr. Jsl chcfhrs tg

rhjb jmm hindt djebguts.

2. Dgmb j biskussige usien tdh quhs-tiges ie [hktige II? AgrBiskussige (ge Djebgut 1F).

Mist jbbitigejm prgohkt ibhjs getdh fgjrb.

8. Djvh chcfhrs bivibh ietg prgo-hkt thjcs ga argc tdrhh tg shvhe

chcfhrs. Jsl hjkd thjc tg

bhkibh ge j prgohkt agmmgwien tdh

iestruktiges ie [hktige III?Jktivity (ge Djebgut 1F).

1. Jathr thjc chcfhrs bhkibh ge

prgohkts, ieagrc tdhc tdjt tdhywimm pmje tdhir prgohkts jt tdh ehxt

jktige shssige. Rhmm tdhc tg tdiel

jfgut dgw tdhy cindt bg tdh

prgohkt jeb wdg cindt dhmp

tdhc. [trhss tdh ehkhssity ga nht-

tien ieput argc kgccueity

chcfhrs.

Djebgut 1K Djebgut 1O

Egths


46/86

IetrgbuktigeJs j X.[. kitizhe, ygu djvh iebivibujm arhhbgcs nujrjethhb fy tdh X.[. Kgestitutiges Fimm ga Vindts.

^djt wgumb miah fh milh ia sgchfgby tggl jwjy ygur rindts7 Jrh sgch rindts cgrh vjmujfmh tdje gtd-

hrs7 Dgw wgumb ygu bhkibh wdikd rindts whrh tdh cgst icpgrtjet7 Rdiel jfgut tdhsh quhstiges wdimhygu rhjb tdh agmmgwien stgry.

I. J Qisitgr argcGuthr [pjkhIt is tdh yhjr 6080 jeb ygu jrh wjtkdien ygur wjmm-sizhb thmhvisige cgeitgr wdhe j sphkijm ehws fum-

mhtie kgchs ge. J strjenh rgfgt-milh krhjturh jpphjrs ge tdh skrhhe jeb ieagrcs ygu tdjt dh djs tjlhe

gvhr Jchrikj. Ygu rjpibmy amikl tdrgund 800 kdjeehms, fut aieb dh is ge hvhry geh.

JRRHERIGE, dh fhnies, I jc [tdnir argc pmjeht Egitutitsegk. Oust js I djvh tjlhe gvhr thmhvisige,

I wimm tjlh gvhr ygur mivhs. Fut I kgch ie phjkh. I rhjmizh tdjt iebivibujm arhhbgc chjes j nrhjt bhjm tg

Jchrikje kitizhes. Kgeshquhetmy, I wimm egt tjlh jwjy jmm ygur rindts. Ygu djvh j kdgikh. Argc j mist ga

auebjchetjm rindts, ygu cjy pikl aivh tg lhhp. Rdiel kjrhaummy fhagrh ygu vgth, js jmm ygur rindts js

kitizhes wimm thrciejth hxkhpt agr tdh gehs ygu shmhkt. Ygu cust bhkibh js j nrgup ge ygur iethrjktivhthmhvisiges, jeb ygur bhkisige cust fh uejeicgus. Ajimurh tg cjlh j uejeicgus bhkisige wimm rhsumtie tdh thrciejtige ga jmm rindts. Rdh mist ga kdgikhs wimm egw jpphjr ge skrhhe.

Kdggsh Aivh Gemy?

:. Vindt tg djvh j stjth cimitij jeb fhjr jrcs

6. Vindt tg a rhhbgc ga sphhkd

;. Vindt tg j mjwyhr

2. Vindt tg prgthktige argc kruhm jeb ueusujm pueisdchet

8. Vindt tg a rhhbgc ga tdh prhss

1. Vindt tg j oury trijm

>. Vindt tg arhhbgc ga rhminige4. Vindt tg phjkhaummy jsshcfmh

9. Vindt tg privjky

:0. Prgthktige a rgc shma-iekriciejtige

::. Vindt tg hqujm prgthktige ga tdh mjws

II. JktivityIe scjmm nrgups, uejeicgusmy bhkibh ge tdh aivh cgst icpgrtjet rindts. Lhhp ie cieb?

Vindts jaahkt gur mivhs ge fgtd j phrsgejm jeb sgkihtjm mhvhm.

[gch rindts djvh j frgjbhr skgph tdje gtdhrs. Rdiel jfgut wdikd rindts cindt iekmubh gtdhr

rindts.

III. Agr Biskussige:. js it biaa ikumt tg rhjkd j uejeicgus bhkisige7 djt jrh tdh prgs jeb kges ga kgcien tg j ueje-

icgus bhkisige iesthjb ga tjlien j cjogrity vgth7

6. dikd rindts, ia jey, bib ygu aieb hekgcpjss gtdhr rindts7

;. gumb gur sgkihty fh biaahrhet ia wh whrh micithb tg tdh aivh rindts ygu kdgsh7 Ia sg, dgw7

2. Dgw kje JchriKgrps chcfhrs dhmp gtdhrs bhvhmgp je uebhrstjebien ga tdhir fjsik rindts js

kitizhes7



Vindts jeb Arhhbgcs

DJEBGXR1J


47/86

IetrgbuktigeYgur ehxt sthp is tg bhkibh ge j prgohkt tg bg ie tdh kgccueity. Yguvh prgfjfmy ngtthe ibhjs agr prgo-

hkts argc ygur rhshjrkd. Ygu sdgumb pmjkh nrhjt icpgrtjekh ge jmm tdh ieput yguvh rhkhivhb argc tdhkgccueity, fhkjush shrvien tdh kgccueity is tdh purpgsh ga tdh prgohkt. Rg dhmp ygu aurtdhr bhvhm-

gp ibhjs agr prgohkts, ygu wimm rhkhivh hindt djebguts ga sjcpmh prgohkt pmjes. Xsh tdh djebguts js

sprienfgjrbs tg dhmp ygu tdiel ga cgrh prgohkt ibhjs.

I. Hindt PrgohktsVhjb tdh sjcpmh prgohkts ge Djebguts 1K tg 1O. Jmtdgund sgch cjy egt jppmy tg tdh prgfmhc yguvhshmhkthb, ush tdhc tg nhehrjth ibhjs agr ygur prgohkt.

II. Agr Biskussige:. dikd ga tdh hindt sjcpmh prgohkts whrh cgst iethrhstien7

6. Jrh jey ga tdhsh hindt sjcpmh prgohkts jmrhjby gphrjtien ie ygur kgccueity7;. djt gtdhr prgohkt ibhjs bg ygu djvh7

III. JktivityBivibh ietg prgohkt thjcs. Mist tdh prgohkt ibhjs ygu wjet tg kgesibhr. Js j thjc, bhkibh ge tdh tgp

tdrhhprgohkt ibhjs. Rdiel jfgut tdh prgs jeb kges ga tdhsh tdrhh prgohkt ibhjs. Hvjmujth hjkd ie thrcs

ga ygur jvjimjfmh tich, cjthrijms, jeb rhsgurkhs. [hmhkt tdh cgst suitjfmh geh.



Bhkibien ge je Jktige Prgohkt

DJEBGXR1F


48/86

[tjy ie [kdggm (Issuh jrhj? Hbukjtige)

Bhskriptige? Grnjeizh j kjcpjine tg hekgurjnh stubhets tg stjy ie skdggm.Ngjm? Rg mgwhr brgpgut rjths ie mgkjm skdggms.

Ajkts jeb Ainurhs? Ie tdh :990s, rgundmy geh stubhet ie :0 brgpphb gut ga skdggm fhagrh nrjbujtige.Ie sgch jrhjs, tdjt ainurh iekrhjshb tg geh stubhet ie tdrhh. Rwhety-aivh phrkhet ga brgpguts fhtwhhe

tdh jnhs ga :1 jeb 62 jrh uehcpmgyhb. Gvhr tdhir miahtich, dind skdggm brgpguts hjre 68 phrkhet mhss

cgehy tdje dind skdggm nrjbujths jeb mhss tdje 80 phrkhet ga wdjt kgmmhnh nrjbujths jrh milhmy tg hjre.

Ie jey nivhe yhjr, dind skdggm brgpguts jrh tdrhh tichs cgrh milhmy tg smip fhmgw tdh pgvhrty mhvhm.

Js Jchrikj cgvhs ietg tdh 6:st khetury, cgst chjeienaum ogfs wimm rhquirh jbvjekhb slimms jeb thkd-

eikjm legwmhbnh. Rdh hkgegcik njp fhtwhhe tdgsh witd j dind skdggm bipmgcj jeb tdgsh wdg brgp

gut is milhmy tg nrgw.

Prgohkt Vhsgurkhs?

Hbukjtigejm Vhsgurkhs Ieagrcjtige Khethr (HVIK), jsdientge, BK

[tjth jeb ahbhrjm bhpjrtchets ga hbukjtige

Rdh mgkjm fgjrb ga hbukjtige

Jktige [thps? Rg grnjeizh j [tjy ie [kdggm kjcpjine, ygu ehhb tg . . .

Biskuss ygur ngjms jeb chtdgbs. ^djt bg ygu wjet tg jkkgcpmisd witd ygur kjcpjine7 Dgwkje ygu rjish jwjrhehss jfgut tdh icpgrtjekh ga stjyien ie skdggm7

Kgebukt j survhy. ^djt bg stubhets jeb thjkdhrs jt skdggms ie ygur kgccueity tdiel jfgut tdhvjmuh ga hbukjtige7 Jrh stubhets wimmien tg pjrtikipjth ie j [tjy ie [kdggm kjcpjine7 ^djt ehw

kmuf gr jktivity wgumb cjlh skdggm cgrh aue, rhwjrbien7

Njtdhr cgrh ieagrcjtige. Ieagrcjtige is j nggb tggm tg cgtivjth phgpmh tg jktige. Jsl ygurmifrjrije tg dhmp ygu aieb ieagrcjtige ge kjrhhr gppgrtueitihs jeb tdh vjmuh ga hbukjtige.

Rjml tg tdh chbij. Mgkjm ehwspjphrs, rjbig, jeb RQ stjtiges cjy djvh bgeh stgrihs ge hbukjtigeie ygur kgccueity. Rdh chbij kje jmsg dhmp ygu pufmikizh ygur [tjy ie [kdggm kjcpjine. Jsl

tdhc dgw tg prhpjrh j pufmik shrvikh jeeguekhchet (P[J).

Pmje ygur kjcpjine jeb bg it!

Hvjmujtige? Jathr ygu djvh kgcpmhthb ygur [tjy ie [kdggm kjcpjine, chht witd gtdhr JchriKgrpschcfhrs tg jsl . . .

Dgw cjey stubhets bib ygu ieamuhekh7

Dgw haahktivh bib tdhsh stubhets tdiel ygur chssjnh wjs7

Dgw cjey JchriKgrps chcfhrs whrh ievgmvhb7 Dgw cjey dgurs bib ygu wgrl7

gumb ygu grnjeizh jegtdhr [tjy ie [kdggm Kjcpjine7 djt wgumb ygu bg biaahrhetmy7



[jcpmh Prgohkt :

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49/86

Fggl Brivh (Issuh jrhj? Hbukjtige)

Bhskriptige? Grnjeizh j fggl brivh tg kgmmhkt fggls jeb cjlh tdhc jvjimjfmh tg yguen phgpmhtdrgund j skdggm gr kgccueity mifrjry.

Ngjm? Rg iekrhjsh jwjrhehss jfgut tdh vjmuh ga rhjbien jeb tg cjlh fggls jvjimjfmh tg stubhets jebgtdhr kgccueity chcfhrs.

Ajkts jeb Ainurhs? Rhmhvisige, kgcputhrs, jeb tdh Iethreht djvh krhjthb je ieagrcjtige rhvgmutige,fut fggls kgetieuh tg gkkupy je icpgrtjet pmjkh ie gur kumturh. Fggls kgetjie jmcgst jmm ga gur

legwmhbnhgur distgr y, pdimgsgpdy, skihekh, rhminiges, jeb gmbhst stgrihs jeb cytds. [tubihs sdgw tdjt

phgpmh bhvhmgp rhjbien slimms fhst jt je hjrmy jnh. Fut tgbjy, yguen phgpmh jrh rhjbien mhss. Js j rhsumt,

cjey yguen phgpmh nrgw up witd pggr rhjbien slimms. Je hsticjthb 2022 cimmige jbumt Jchrikjes

kjeegt aimm gut je hcpmgychet jppmikjtige, agmmgw writthe iestruktiges, gr rhjb j ehwspjphr. J stuby

kgebukthb fy tdh X.[. Bhpjrtchet ga Hbukjtige rhvhjmhb tdjt tdh prhshekh ga fggls, ehwspjphrs, jeb

cjnjziehs ie tdh dgch kgetrifuth nrhjtmy tg j yguen phrsges jfimity tg rhjb.Prgohkt Vhsgurkhs?

Rdh rhahrhekh mifrjrije jt ygur mgkjm mifrjry

Jchrikje Mifrjry Jssgkijtige, Kdikjng, IM

Fuimbien j Ejtige ga Vhjbhrs, Mifrjry ga Kgenrhss, Khethr agr tdh Fggl

Jktige [thps? Rg grnjeizh j fggl brivh, ygu ehhb tg . . .

Chjsurh iethrhst. Rhjkdhrs, stubhets, jeb pjrhets wimm fh vitjm tg ygur fggl brivh. Dgw wimm ygurjish tdhir iethrhst7

Mggl agr jmmihs. Ie jbbitige tg thjkdhrs jeb skdggms, gtdhr iebivibujms jeb kgccueity nrgups

cjy fh kgekhrehb witd rhjbien mhvhms. Ygur mgkjm mifrjry cjy wjet tg suppgrt ygur haagrts.

Ehwspjphrs jkrgss tdh ejtige jrh mgsien rhjbhrsdip. Ygur mgkjm pjphr cjy fh iethrhsthb ie pjrtik-ipjtien ie ygur fggl brivh.

Fgglstgrhs cjy bgejth fggls, cjnjziehs, gr gtdhr pufmikjtiges tg ygur prgohkt.

Kgmmhnhs jeb ueivhrsitihs djvh j dind stjlh ie rjisien stubhets rhjbien jfimity.

Rdh fusiehss kgccueity ehhbs phgpmh wdg kje rhjb tg nht tdh ogf bgeh. Jsl mgkjm fusiehsshs tgsuppgrt ygur fggl brivh.

Pmje ygur hvhet jeb bg it!

Agmmgw up. Grnjeizh j rhjbien ajir agr je hmhchetjry skdggm. Iekmubh fggtds witd rhjbien njchsjeb kgethsts jeb witd arhh fggls tg mgje. Dhmp kdimbrhe writh jeb immustrjth tdhir gwe stgryfggls.

Hvjmujtige?

Dgw cjey fggls jeb cjnjziehs bib ygu kgmmhkt7

Dgw cjey stubhets, thjkdhrs, pjrhets, jeb gtdhr kgccueity chcfhrs pjrtikipjthb ie ygur fggl

brivh7 Dgw cjey JchriKgrps chcfhrs7

djt haagrts wgumb ygu sunnhst tg kgetieuh tg hekgurjnh yguen phgpmh tg rhjb7

Bib ygur nrgup wgrl whmm js j thjc7 dy gr wdy egt7



[jcpmh Prgohkt 6

DJEBGXR1B


50/86

Hxpmgrien Mgkjm Ngvhrechet (Issuh jrhj? Hbukjtige)

Bhskriptige? Grnjeizh j tgur ga mgkjm ngvhrechet iestitutiges agr skdggm kdimbrhe.Ngjm? Rg hbukjth skdggm kdimbrhe jfgut phgpmh, pmjkhs, jeb prgkhsshs tdjt cjlh up mgkjm ngvhrechet.

Ajkts jeb Ainurhs? Ie kgetrjst tg tdh 80 stjth ngvhrechets jeb geh ahbhrjm ngvhrechet, tdhrh jrhjmcgst 90,000 shpjrjth mgkjm ngvhrechets ie tdh Xeithb [tjths. Rdh cjzh ga biaahrhet strukturhs ga

mgkjm ngvhrechet cjlhs it biaaikumt tg thjkd. Fut tdh sufohkt is iekmubhb js pjrt ga skdggm sgkijm stub-

ihs kurrikumuc jt jmm mhvhms. Cgrhgvhr, it s icpgrtjet tdjt kitizhes mhjre jfgut mgkjm ngvhrechet fhkjush

kitizhes jrh ajr cgrh milhmy tg iethrjkt witd it tdje witd jey gtdhr mhvhm ga ngvhrechet.

Prgohkt Vhsgurkhs?

Hmhkthb gaaikijms jeb ngvhrechet bhpjrtchet dhjbs

Ngvhrechet whf siths

Vhahrhekh mifrjrije jt ygur mifrjry

J writthe nuibh tg ygur mgkjm ngvhrechet

Jktige [thps? Rg grnjeizh j mgkjm ngvhrechet tgur, ygu ehhb tg . . .

Chjsurh iethrhst. Qisit mgkjm skdggms tg aieb gut ia stubhets, pjrhets, thjkdhrs, jeb jbcieistrjtgrsjrh iethrhsthb.

Hxpmgrh ngvhrechet. Xsh tdh rhsgurkhs misthb jfgvh tg dhmp ygu njtdhr ieagrcjtige jfgutngvhrechet gaaikijms, bhpjrtchets, jeb shrvikhs.

Jsl phrcissige. Kjmm ngvhrechet gaaikhs, bhskrifh ygur prgohkt tg tdh phgpmh ie kdjrnh, jeb jsltdhc ia tdhy wgumb jmmgw yguen phgpmh tg visit tdhir wgrl pmjkhs.

Vhkgrb ygur a iebiens. Lhhp j rhkgrb ga tdh phgpmh ygu kgetjkt. Ygu wimm ehhb tg lhhp ie tgukd.

Pikl jeb kdggsh. ^djt ngvhrechet bhpjrtchets wgumb fh cgst iethrhstien agr yguen phgpmh7

Prhpjrh j tgur nuibh. Prhpjrh j tjml gr j writthe nuibh jfgut tdh phgpmh jeb pmjkhs stubhets wimmfh visitien.

Brjw j tgur cjp. ^dhrh wimm ygu ng7 Dgw wimm ygu nht tdhrh7 Dgw mgen wimm it tjlh7

Jrrjenh trjespgrtjtige. Rjml witd thjkdhrs jeb jbcieistrjtgrs jfgut tdh sjahst, hjsihst wjytg trjespgrt stubhets. Dgw cjey stubhets, thjkdhrs, pjrhets, jeb JchriKgrps chcfhrs wimm

pjrtikipjth7

Hvjmujtige?

Prhpjrh j prh- jeb pgst-thst ge mgkjm ngvhrechet agr stubhets tg tjlh. Dgw cjey gaaikijms, bhpjrtchets, jeb shrvikhs bib ygu visit7 Bib ygu visit j vjrihty ga phgpmh jeb

pmjkhs7

Dgw cjey kdimbrhe, pjrhets, thjkdhrs, jeb skdggm jbcieistrjtgrs tggl tdh tgur7



[jcpmh Prgohkt ;

DJEBGXR1H


51/86

Ehindfgrdggb jtkd (Issuh jrhj? Pufmik [jahty)

Bhskriptige? Grnjeizh j Ehindfgrdggb jtkd prgnrjc ie ygur kgccueity.

Ngjm? Rg iekrhjsh kgccueity sjahty jeb shkurity.

Ajkts jeb Ainurhs? Jmtdgund Jchrikjs krich rjth brgpphb burien tdh mjst bhkjbh, it djs stimm rhcjiehbdind kgcpjrhb tg gtdhr bhvhmgphb ejtiges. Ie gpieige pgmms, Jchrikjes kgetieuh tg mist krich jcgen

tdh tgp aivh prgfmhcs ajkien Jchrikj. Vhshjrkd djs sdgwe tdjt Ehindfgrdggb jtkd prgnrjcs kje

dhmp rhbukh krich. Agr hxjcpmh, shvhrjm yhjrs jng, j Vikdcgeb, Qirnieij, ehindfgrdggb hxphrihekhb

tdrhh curbhrs, twg rjphs, jeb :;2 furnmjrihs. Kgccueity chcfhrs grnjeizhb j Ehindfgrdggb jtkd

prgnrjc tdjt grnjeizhb jeb hbukjthb rhsibhets ge krich prhvhetige. Rwg yhjrs mjthr tdhrh whrh eg

curbhrs, eg rjphs, jeb gemy 60 furnmjrihs ie tdjt sjch ehindfgrdggb.

Prgohkt Vhsgurkhs?

Rdh ejtigejm jeb ygur stjths Krich Prhvhetige Kguekim Rdh krich prhvhetige gaaikhr ga ygur pgmikh bhpjrtchet

Jktige [thps? Rg fhnie ygur Ehindfgrdggb jtkd prgnrjc, ygu ehhb tg . . .

Chjsurh iethrhst. Rjml tg ygur ehindfgrs. Ygu wimm ehhb tdhir dhmp. Hxpmjie tdjt j Ehindfgrdggbjtkd bghs egt tjlh j mgt ga tich, jeb eg geh wimm djvh tg tjlh jey phrsgejm risls.

Jrrjenh j bjth, tich, jeb pmjkh agr tdh a irst chhtien. Egtiay ehindfgrs witd j amihr. J ahw iethr-hsthb ehindfgrs kje nht tdh fjmm rgmmien.

Ievith j krich prhvhetige gaa ikhr. Cjey pgmikh prhkiekts djvh j krich prhvhetige gaaikhr wdg kjedhmp ygu nht stjrthb. Jsl dic gr dhr tg jttheb ygur airst chhtien. Jsl tdh gaaikhr tg hxpmjie

Ehindfgrdggb jtkd, tjml jfgut krich prgfmhcs ie ygur jrhj, jeb thjkd krich prhvhetige thkd-

eiquhs.

[hmhkt j fmgkl kjptjie. Rdis tjsl kje rgtjth. J fmgkl kjptjie jkts js j mijisge fhtwhhe pgmikh jebygur nrgup, grnjeizhs fmgkl chhtiens, jeb lhhps j mist ga chcfhrs.

[djrh ieagrcjtige. Hxkdjenh pdgeh eucfhrs, ejchs ga ajcimy chcfhrs, pmjeehb vjkjtigetichs, jeb jey gtdhr ieagrcjtige tdjt wimm dhmp ygu prgthkt hjkd gtdhr.

[djrh tdh tjsls. [gch ogf jssinechets kgumb fh rhkruitien ehw chcfhrs, thjkdien dgch shkuri-ty thkdeiquhs, wjtkdien tdh dgchs ga phgpmh ge vjkjtige, gr fhien fmgkl pjrhets agr dgch-jmgeh

libs.

Hvjmujtige?

Aieb gut krich rjths agr ygur ehindfgrdggb. [hh ia tdhy icprgvh gekh ygur wjtkd fhnies. Lhhp trjkl ga chcfhrsdip. Bghs it iekrhjsh gvhr tich7

Jsl agr kgcchets argc ehindfgrs. Is tdh prgnrjc wgrlien7 Bg tdhy ahhm sjahr7



[jcpmh Prgohkt 2

DJEBGXR1A


52/86

JchriKgrps Vhsgurkh Nuibh (Issuh jrhj? Kitizhesdip)

Bhskriptige? Krhjth j nuibh ga ngvhrechet, ege-prgait , fusiehss, jeb chbij grnjeizjt iges tdjt jbbrhsstdh ehhbs ga ygur kgccueity.

Ngjm? Rg njtdhr ieagrcjtige tdjt wimm dhmp JchriKgrps chcfhrs jeb gtdhrs aieb ieagrcjtige, kge-khrehb kitizhes, kgccueity nrgups, jeb cjthrijms tg suppgrt kivik pjrtikipjtige prgohkts.

Ajkts jeb Ainurhs? Ie Jchrikj, egt oust ngvhrechet (ahbhrjm, stjth, kguety, cueikipjm, jeb sphkijm bis-trikt) jnhekihs jrh iethrhsthb ie kgccueity prgfmhcs. J wibh rjenh ga ege-ngvhrechet jnhekihs jrh

iethrhsthb js whmm. Rdhsh rjenh argc fusiehsshs jeb fusiehss jssgkijtiges (rhtjim stgrhs, kgrpgrjtiges,

Kdjcfhrs ga Kgcchrkh) tg chbij grnjeizjtiges (ehwspjphrs, rjbig stjtiges, jeb thmhvisige stjtiges

jeb kjfmh kgcpjeihs) tg ege-prgaits (ehindfgrdggb jssgkijtiges, ueiges, pgmitikjm grnjeizjtiges, hevi-

rgechetjm nrgups, shrvikh jeb vgmuethhr grnjeizjtiges, jeb hbukjtigejm grnjeizjtiges).

Prgohkt Vhsgurkhs? Dhrh jrh sgch pmjkhs tg mggl agr mgkjm rhsgurkhs . . . Rdh mgkjm mifrjry

Rdh Iethreht

Ngvhrechet, ege-prgait, fusiehss, jeb chbij grnjeizjtiges. [hh Djebgut 2K.

Jktige [thps? Rg krhjth j rhsgurkh nuibh, ygu ehhb tg . . .

Biskuss ygur ngjms. Agkus ygur shjrkd ge issuhs tdjt jrh icpgrtjet tg ygur kgccueity. Bg yguwjet ygur rhsgurkh nuibh tg jbbrhss prgfmhcs ga hbukjtige, pufmik sjahty, tdh hevirgechet, gr

gtdhr ducje ehhbs7 ^djt prgfmhcs kgekhre ygu7

Bhsine ygur nuibh. Dgw wimm ygu bistrifuth ygur ieagrcjtige7 ^imm ygu priet j fgglmht, krhjth jwhf sith, gr lhhp j mggsh-mhja egthfggl aumm ga rhsgurkhs7 Dgw wimm ygu cjlh it jvjimjfmh tg gtdhrs7

Qisit tdh mifrjry. Jsl tdh rhahrhe

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