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Country Snapshots 10.0 (Based on PWT 10.0) (Click here for Notes) Quick Links: USA JPN GBR IRL FRA DEU ITA RUS SWE CHN IND KOR THA TUR / ARG BRA MEX / BWA ETH KEN NGA Aruba Angola Anguilla Albania U.A.E. Argentina Armenia Antigua and Barbuda Australia Austria Azerbaijan Burundi Belgium Benin Burkina Faso Bangladesh Bulgaria Bahrain Bahamas Bosnia and Herzegovina Belarus Belize Bermuda Bolivia Brazil Barbados Brunei Darussalam Bhutan Botswana Central Afr. Rep. Canada Switzerland Chile China ote d’Ivoire Cameroon D.R. of the Congo Congo Colombia Comoros Cabo Verde Costa Rica Curac ¸ao Cayman Islands Cyprus Czech Republic Germany Djibouti Dominica Denmark Dominican Republic Algeria Ecuador Egypt Spain Estonia Ethiopia Finland Fiji France Gabon U.K. Georgia Ghana Guinea Gambia Guinea-Bissau Equatorial Guinea Greece Grenada Guatemala Guyana Hong Kong Honduras Croatia Haiti Hungary Indonesia India Ireland Iran Iraq Iceland Israel Italy Jamaica Jordan Japan Kazakhstan Kenya Kyrgyzstan Cambodia Saint Kitts and Nevis South Korea Kuwait Laos Lebanon Liberia Saint Lucia Sri Lanka Lesotho Lithuania Luxembourg Latvia China, Macao SAR

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  • Country Snapshots 10.0(Based on PWT 10.0)

    (Click here for Notes)

    Quick Links: USA JPN GBR IRL FRA DEU ITA RUS SWE

    CHN IND KOR THA TUR / ARG BRA MEX / BWA ETH KEN NGA

    Aruba

    Angola

    Anguilla

    Albania

    U.A.E.

    Argentina

    Armenia

    Antigua and Barbuda

    Australia

    Austria

    Azerbaijan

    Burundi

    Belgium

    Benin

    Burkina Faso

    Bangladesh

    Bulgaria

    Bahrain

    Bahamas

    Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Belarus

    Belize

    Bermuda

    Bolivia

    Brazil

    Barbados

    Brunei Darussalam

    Bhutan

    Botswana

    Central Afr. Rep.

    Canada

    Switzerland

    Chile

    China

    Côte d’Ivoire

    Cameroon

    D.R. of the Congo

    Congo

    Colombia

    Comoros

    Cabo Verde

    Costa Rica

    Curaçao

    Cayman Islands

    Cyprus

    Czech Republic

    Germany

    Djibouti

    Dominica

    Denmark

    Dominican Republic

    Algeria

    Ecuador

    Egypt

    Spain

    Estonia

    Ethiopia

    Finland

    Fiji

    France

    Gabon

    U.K.

    Georgia

    Ghana

    Guinea

    Gambia

    Guinea-Bissau

    Equatorial Guinea

    Greece

    Grenada

    Guatemala

    Guyana

    Hong Kong

    Honduras

    Croatia

    Haiti

    Hungary

    Indonesia

    India

    Ireland

    Iran

    Iraq

    Iceland

    Israel

    Italy

    Jamaica

    Jordan

    Japan

    Kazakhstan

    Kenya

    Kyrgyzstan

    Cambodia

    Saint Kitts and Nevis

    South Korea

    Kuwait

    Laos

    Lebanon

    Liberia

    Saint Lucia

    Sri Lanka

    Lesotho

    Lithuania

    Luxembourg

    Latvia

    China, Macao SAR

  • Morocco

    Moldova

    Madagascar

    Maldives

    Mexico

    North Macedonia

    Mali

    Malta

    Myanmar

    Montenegro

    Mongolia

    Mozambique

    Mauritania

    Montserrat

    Mauritius

    Malawi

    Malaysia

    Namibia

    Niger

    Nigeria

    Nicaragua

    Netherlands

    Norway

    Nepal

    New Zealand

    Oman

    Pakistan

    Panama

    Peru

    Philippines

    Poland

    Portugal

    Paraguay

    Palestine

    Qatar

    Romania

    Russian Federation

    Rwanda

    Saudi Arabia

    Sudan

    Senegal

    Singapore

    Sierra Leone

    El Salvador

    Serbia

    Sao Tome and Principe

    Suriname

    Slovakia

    Slovenia

    Sweden

    Eswatini

    Sint Maarten (Dutch part)

    Seychelles

    Syria

    Turks and Caicos Islands

    Chad

    Togo

    Thailand

    Tajikistan

    Turkmenistan

    Trinidad and Tobago

    Tunisia

    Turkey

    Taiwan

    Tanzania

    Uganda

    Ukraine

    Uruguay

    United States

    Uzbekistan

    St. Vincent and the Grenadines

    Venezuela

    British V.I.

    Viet Nam

    Yemen

    South Africa

    Zambia

    Zimbabwe

  • Country Snapshots 10.0

    Charles I. Jones

    Graduate School of Business

    Stanford University

    http://www.stanford.edu/˜chadj

    January 26, 2021

    Notes

    • From a country page, click on the country name to return to the main index page.

    • From a country page, click on (data) in order to open a xls spreadsheet file of the data for that

    particular country. This file is an an older Excel format that any spreadsheet program should be

    able to read (in fact, you can set up your web browser’s preferences to open the .xls file with your

    spreadsheet program automatically). The notes below also apply to the data file. “NaN” in the

    file denotes a missing observation.

    • If clicking on the (data) hyperlink does not allow you to download the data directly, see the

    instructions at http://www.stanford.edu/˜chadj/snapshots.html for a simple alternative.

    • The first graph of GDP per capita and GDP per worker is drawn on a “ratio scale” (also called a

    “log scale”). For all countries other than the United States, values are relative to the United States

    (US=100). For the United States, these variables are reported in chained 2017 USD dollars.

    • The titles to the graphs include a value for each variable in parentheses. This is the most recent

    value available for each series (often corresponding to the year 2019).

    • Population is reported for the most recent year available in millions next to the country name.

    • The growth rate in the second graph is for per capita GDP; in the spreadsheet file, it is calculated

    as the percentage change.

    • In graphs with 2 data series, the title lists the name of the two series. The first title corresponds

    to the solid blue line. The second title corresponds to the green dashed line.

    • The ratios of investment to GDP (I/Y) and government consumption to GDP (G/Y) are based

    on the current international price series in the Penn World Tables. The trade balance (NX/Y)

    includes the “residual” category from the Penn World Tables. The openness measure (X+M)/Y

    does not.

    • The human capital index is reported as a percent of the 2019 U.S. value. The original “hc”

    variable in the Penn World Tables is approximately exp(.1*EducationalAttainment), except that

    a spline of returns to education are used. See here for details.

    • All of the Penn World Tables variables (other than the human capital index) are in international

    prices. This means the variables will differ from the corresponding variables from country na-

    tional accounts data.

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadjhttp://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots.htmlhttps://www.rug.nl/ggdc/docs/human_capital_in_pwt_90.pdf

  • • Additional copies of this file and a history of changes may be obtained from

    http://www.stanford.edu/˜chadj/snapshots.html

    Sources

    • All data are taken from the Penn World Tables: https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/productivity/pwt/

    • Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2015), ”The Next Generation of the

    Penn World Table” American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182, available for download at

    http://www.ggdc.net/pwt. The series “rgdpo” is used for GDP.

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots.htmlhttps://www.rug.nl/ggdc/productivity/pwt/http://www.ggdc.net/pwt

  • Aruba (Population = 0.1m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    120

    GDP Per Capita ( 52.1) and Per Worker ( 55.9)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.4

    -0.3

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 2.89)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    Investment/GDP (24.7) and GovtConsump/GDP (21.5)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP (-12.0) and X+M/GDP (207.5)

    0

    200

    400

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1

    1.5

    2

    2.5

    3Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1.79)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/ABW.xls

  • Angola (Population = 31.8m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24GDP Per Capita ( 11.4) and Per Worker ( 10.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is 0.80)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    Investment/GDP (19.2) and GovtConsump/GDP (20.0)

    1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    26

    28

    30

    32

    34

    36

    38

    40Human Capital Index (39.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP (11.0) and X+M/GDP ( 46.0)

    0

    100

    200

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    100

    200

    300

    400Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 364.83)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/AGO.xls

  • Anguilla (Population = 0.0m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70 80 90100

    GDP Per Capita ( 24.2) and Per Worker ( 48.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.5

    0

    0.5Growth Rate (Average is 0.84)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    Investment/GDP (29.4) and GovtConsump/GDP (30.6)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -300

    -200

    -100

    0

    100NetExports/GDP (-111.8) and X+M/GDP (395.9)

    0

    200

    400

    600

    800

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    2.1

    2.2

    2.3

    2.4

    2.5

    2.6

    2.7Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 2.70)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/AIA.xls

  • Albania (Population = 2.9m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    GDP Per Capita ( 20.0) and Per Worker ( 25.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 2.86)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40Investment/GDP (20.6) and GovtConsump/GDP (20.7)

    1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80Human Capital Index (79.1)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    -40

    -30

    -20

    -10

    0NetExports/GDP (-12.7) and X+M/GDP ( 44.3)

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    50

    100

    150Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 109.85)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/ALB.xls

  • U.A.E. (Population = 9.8m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    80 90100

    120

    GDP Per Capita (105.6) and Per Worker ( 85.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    0.3

    0.4Growth Rate (Average is -3.10)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    Investment/GDP (32.9) and GovtConsump/GDP (12.7)

    1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80Human Capital Index (73.3)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    50

    100NetExports/GDP (18.8) and X+M/GDP (159.6)

    0

    100

    200

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    3.5

    4

    4.5

    5Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 3.67)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/ARE.xls

  • Argentina (Population = 44.8m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60GDP Per Capita ( 34.9) and Per Worker ( 36.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is 2.90)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30Investment/GDP (10.6) and GovtConsump/GDP (22.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90Human Capital Index (82.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -10

    0

    10

    20NetExports/GDP ( 5.0) and X+M/GDP ( 18.3)

    0

    10

    20

    30

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 48.15)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/ARG.xls

  • Armenia (Population = 3.0m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40GDP Per Capita ( 23.5) and Per Worker ( 34.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.5

    -0.4

    -0.3

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 2.68)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Investment/GDP ( 9.4) and GovtConsump/GDP (22.1)

    1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

    78

    79

    80

    81

    82

    83

    84Human Capital Index (83.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -40

    -20

    0NetExports/GDP (-7.3) and X+M/GDP ( 28.8)

    0

    20

    40

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    100

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 480.45)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/ARM.xls

  • Antigua and Barbuda (Population = 0.1m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    GDP Per Capita ( 26.4) and Per Worker ( 44.3)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -1

    -0.5

    0

    0.5

    Growth Rate (Average is 1.98)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    Investment/GDP (38.6) and GovtConsump/GDP (28.8)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -200

    -100

    0

    100NetExports/GDP (-48.4) and X+M/GDP ( 64.4)

    0

    100

    200

    300

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    2.1

    2.2

    2.3

    2.4

    2.5

    2.6

    2.7Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 2.70)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/ATG.xls

  • Australia (Population = 25.2m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    70

    80

    90

    100GDP Per Capita ( 86.5) and Per Worker ( 81.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1Growth Rate (Average is 2.00)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    Investment/GDP (20.6) and GovtConsump/GDP (17.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    70

    75

    80

    85

    90

    95Human Capital Index (94.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    -15

    -10

    -5

    0

    5

    10NetExports/GDP ( 9.3) and X+M/GDP ( 56.0)

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.5

    1

    1.5

    2Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1.44)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/AUS.xls

  • Austria (Population = 9.0m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90GDP Per Capita ( 85.2) and Per Worker ( 80.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.04

    -0.02

    0

    0.02

    0.04

    0.06

    0.08

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 3.17)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40Investment/GDP (31.3) and GovtConsump/GDP (17.9)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    60

    65

    70

    75

    80

    85

    90

    95Human Capital Index (90.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -10

    -5

    0

    5NetExports/GDP (-0.3) and X+M/GDP (111.1)

    0

    50

    100

    150

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.5

    1

    1.5

    2Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.89)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/AUT.xls

  • Azerbaijan (Population = 10.0m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40

    GDP Per Capita ( 25.3) and Per Worker ( 24.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.6

    -0.4

    -0.2

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    Growth Rate (Average is 1.44)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    Investment/GDP (12.2) and GovtConsump/GDP (21.7)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -40

    -20

    0

    20

    40

    60NetExports/GDP ( 9.8) and X+M/GDP ( 38.3)

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    0.5

    1

    1.5

    2Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1.70)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/AZE.xls

  • Burundi (Population = 11.5m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6GDP Per Capita ( 1.3) and Per Worker ( 1.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 0.07)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    Investment/GDP (12.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (21.0)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    28

    30

    32

    34

    36

    38Human Capital Index (37.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -40

    -20

    0

    20NetExports/GDP (-20.1) and X+M/GDP ( 29.9)

    0

    10

    20

    30

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    500

    1000

    1500

    2000Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1845.62)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BDI.xls

  • Belgium (Population = 11.5m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100GDP Per Capita ( 71.6) and Per Worker ( 80.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 2.44)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40Investment/GDP (36.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (20.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75

    80

    85Human Capital Index (84.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    -10

    0

    10NetExports/GDP (-11.5) and X+M/GDP (262.2)

    0

    100

    200

    300

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.5

    1

    1.5Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.89)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BEL.xls

  • Benin (Population = 11.8m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    GDP Per Capita ( 5.2) and Per Worker ( 6.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.3

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is 1.11)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40Investment/GDP (18.2) and GovtConsump/GDP (12.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    25

    30

    35

    40

    45

    50

    55Human Capital Index (51.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    0

    20NetExports/GDP (-1.9) and X+M/GDP ( 16.2)

    0

    20

    40

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600

    700

    800Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 585.91)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BEN.xls

  • Burkina Faso (Population = 20.3m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1

    2

    4

    6

    8GDP Per Capita ( 3.4) and Per Worker ( 4.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 1.26)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    Investment/GDP (21.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (17.6)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    26

    28

    30

    32

    34

    36Human Capital Index (34.3)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    0

    20NetExports/GDP (-6.9) and X+M/GDP ( 31.0)

    0

    20

    40

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600

    700

    800Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 585.91)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BFA.xls

  • Bangladesh (Population = 163.0m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12GDP Per Capita ( 7.4) and Per Worker ( 8.9)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 1.91)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30Investment/GDP (26.5) and GovtConsump/GDP ( 6.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    35

    40

    45

    50

    55

    60Human Capital Index (56.1)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    -10

    0

    10NetExports/GDP (-5.9) and X+M/GDP ( 19.9)

    0

    10

    20

    30

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 84.45)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BGD.xls

  • Bulgaria (Population = 7.0m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50GDP Per Capita ( 34.1) and Per Worker ( 33.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 3.17)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    Investment/GDP (18.6) and GovtConsump/GDP (25.2)

    1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    60

    65

    70

    75

    80

    85Human Capital Index (85.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    -10

    0

    10

    20

    30NetExports/GDP (-2.4) and X+M/GDP ( 79.2)

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    0.5

    1

    1.5

    2

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1.75)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BGR.xls

  • Bahrain (Population = 1.6m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90100

    120

    GDP Per Capita ( 75.0) and Per Worker ( 79.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.6

    -0.4

    -0.2

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    Growth Rate (Average is 1.56)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    Investment/GDP (34.4) and GovtConsump/GDP (16.2)

    1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    35

    40

    45

    50

    55

    60

    65Human Capital Index (59.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -100

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP (15.2) and X+M/GDP ( 64.9)

    0

    100

    200

    300

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.38

    0.4

    0.42

    0.44

    0.46

    0.48

    0.5Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.38)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BHR.xls

  • Bahamas (Population = 0.4m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    120

    GDP Per Capita ( 52.8) and Per Worker ( 47.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.4

    -0.3

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 0.34)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    Investment/GDP (33.3) and GovtConsump/GDP (20.3)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP (-10.7) and X+M/GDP (119.4)

    100

    200

    300

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1

    1.0005

    1.001

    1.0015

    1.002Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1.00)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BHS.xls

  • Bosnia and Herzegovina (Population = 3.3m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32405060GDP Per Capita ( 22.0) and Per Worker ( 50.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    0.3

    0.4

    0.5

    0.6

    Growth Rate (Average is 9.21)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40Investment/GDP (22.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (26.5)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -200

    -150

    -100

    -50

    0NetExports/GDP (-19.5) and X+M/GDP ( 75.4)

    0

    100

    200

    300

    400

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    0.5

    1

    1.5

    2

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1.75)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BIH.xls

  • Belarus (Population = 9.5m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50GDP Per Capita ( 34.6) and Per Worker ( 36.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.4

    -0.3

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 1.45)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    Investment/GDP (16.3) and GovtConsump/GDP (27.0)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    0

    20NetExports/GDP ( 2.2) and X+M/GDP ( 57.9)

    0

    50

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    0.5

    1

    1.5

    2

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 2.09)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BLR.xls

  • Belize (Population = 0.4m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    GDP Per Capita ( 8.9) and Per Worker ( 10.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.15

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 0.69)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40Investment/GDP (22.2) and GovtConsump/GDP (23.9)

    1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100Human Capital Index (96.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -40

    -20

    0

    20NetExports/GDP (-31.5) and X+M/GDP (175.5)

    50

    100

    150

    200

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1.6

    1.7

    1.8

    1.9

    2

    2.1

    2.2

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 2.00)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BLZ.xls

  • Bermuda (Population = 0.1m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    32 40 50 60 70 80 90100120

    GDP Per Capita ( 80.2) and Per Worker ( 70.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -2

    -1

    0

    1

    2Growth Rate (Average is -2.87)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -200

    -100

    0

    100

    200

    Investment/GDP (25.2) and GovtConsump/GDP (17.1)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -2000

    0

    2000NetExports/GDP (-17.8) and X+M/GDP ( 60.2)

    -5000

    0

    5000

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.999999999

    0.9999999992

    0.9999999994

    0.9999999996

    0.9999999998

    1Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1.00)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BMU.xls

  • Bolivia (Population = 11.5m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24GDP Per Capita ( 13.7) and Per Worker ( 13.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.15

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 1.83)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30Investment/GDP (17.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (13.3)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80Human Capital Index (79.1)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    -10

    0

    10

    20

    30NetExports/GDP (-7.0) and X+M/GDP ( 33.1)

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    2

    4

    6

    8

    10Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 6.91)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BOL.xls

  • Brazil (Population = 211.0m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40GDP Per Capita ( 23.3) and Per Worker ( 25.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 3.13)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    Investment/GDP (17.2) and GovtConsump/GDP (18.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90Human Capital Index (82.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -10

    0

    10NetExports/GDP (-0.5) and X+M/GDP ( 27.2)

    0

    20

    40

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    1

    2

    3

    4Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 3.93)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BRA.xls

  • Barbados (Population = 0.3m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80GDP Per Capita ( 19.5) and Per Worker ( 20.3)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    0.3

    0.4

    Growth Rate (Average is 0.44)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30Investment/GDP (21.8) and GovtConsump/GDP (14.8)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    50

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75

    80Human Capital Index (75.9)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    -40

    -30

    -20

    -10

    0

    10

    20NetExports/GDP (-37.4) and X+M/GDP ( 93.5)

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    120

    140

    160

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1.75

    1.8

    1.85

    1.9

    1.95

    2

    2.05

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 2.00)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BRB.xls

  • Brunei Darussalam (Population = 0.4m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    90

    100

    120

    GDP Per Capita (117.0) and Per Worker (109.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.3

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is 0.12)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    Investment/GDP (32.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (29.1)

    1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    45

    50

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75Human Capital Index (74.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    0

    50

    100NetExports/GDP (20.9) and X+M/GDP ( 81.5)

    40

    60

    80

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1

    1.5

    2

    2.5

    3

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1.36)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BRN.xls

  • Bhutan (Population = 0.8m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24GDP Per Capita ( 18.8) and Per Worker ( 21.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 3.62)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    45

    50

    Investment/GDP (30.0) and GovtConsump/GDP (29.3)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -40

    -20

    0

    20NetExports/GDP (-9.7) and X+M/GDP ( 11.7)

    0

    20

    40

    60

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 70.42)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BTN.xls

  • Botswana (Population = 2.3m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    3240

    GDP Per Capita ( 26.3) and Per Worker ( 31.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is 5.88)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    Investment/GDP (32.6) and GovtConsump/GDP (24.2)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80Human Capital Index (78.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -100

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP (-5.9) and X+M/GDP ( 50.4)

    50

    100

    150

    200

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    2

    4

    6

    8

    10

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 10.76)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/BWA.xls

  • Central Afr. Rep. (Population = 4.7m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12GDP Per Capita ( 1.6) and Per Worker ( 1.9)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.4

    -0.3

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is -0.77)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40Investment/GDP (16.5) and GovtConsump/GDP (21.5)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    28

    30

    32

    34

    36

    38

    40

    42Human Capital Index (41.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -30

    -20

    -10

    0

    10NetExports/GDP (-24.2) and X+M/GDP ( 14.9)

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600

    700

    800Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 585.91)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/CAF.xls

  • Canada (Population = 37.4m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    70

    80

    90

    100GDP Per Capita ( 79.7) and Per Worker ( 74.3)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1Growth Rate (Average is 1.97)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30Investment/GDP (23.5) and GovtConsump/GDP (20.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    65

    70

    75

    80

    85

    90

    95

    100Human Capital Index (99.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -10

    0

    10NetExports/GDP (-0.8) and X+M/GDP ( 70.3)

    0

    50

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1

    1.1

    1.2

    1.3

    1.4

    1.5

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1.33)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/CAN.xls

  • Switzerland (Population = 8.6m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    70

    80

    90

    100

    120

    GDP Per Capita (120.3) and Per Worker ( 99.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1Growth Rate (Average is 2.22)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    Investment/GDP (30.6) and GovtConsump/GDP ( 7.9)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    75

    80

    85

    90

    95

    100Human Capital Index (98.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -10

    0

    10

    20NetExports/GDP (16.5) and X+M/GDP (128.3)

    0

    50

    100

    150

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1

    1.5

    2

    2.5

    3

    3.5

    4

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.99)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/CHE.xls

  • Chile (Population = 19.0m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    GDP Per Capita ( 37.2) and Per Worker ( 41.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 2.40)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30Investment/GDP (25.3) and GovtConsump/GDP (18.1)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    50

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75

    80

    85Human Capital Index (83.9)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP (-1.4) and X+M/GDP ( 49.3)

    0

    50

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    100

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600

    700Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 702.90)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/CHL.xls

  • China (Population = 1433.8m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32GDP Per Capita ( 22.6) and Per Worker ( 19.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.15

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 4.01)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    45

    Investment/GDP (45.4) and GovtConsump/GDP (13.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80Human Capital Index (72.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -10

    0

    10NetExports/GDP ( 2.1) and X+M/GDP ( 36.1)

    0

    20

    40

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    2

    4

    6

    8

    10Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 6.91)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/CHN.xls

  • Côte d’Ivoire (Population = 25.7m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16GDP Per Capita ( 8.0) and Per Worker ( 13.3)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 1.76)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30Investment/GDP (17.7) and GovtConsump/GDP ( 9.9)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    25

    30

    35

    40

    45

    Human Capital Index (45.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    0

    20NetExports/GDP (-0.0) and X+M/GDP ( 31.0)

    0

    50

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600

    700

    800Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 585.91)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/CIV.xls

  • Cameroon (Population = 25.9m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    4

    6

    8

    12

    GDP Per Capita ( 5.8) and Per Worker ( 7.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 1.44)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    Investment/GDP (17.0) and GovtConsump/GDP (14.8)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    35

    40

    45

    50

    55Human Capital Index (50.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -25

    -20

    -15

    -10

    -5

    0

    5NetExports/GDP (-3.7) and X+M/GDP ( 20.3)

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    45

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600

    700

    800Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 585.91)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/CMR.xls

  • D.R. of the Congo (Population = 86.8m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24GDP Per Capita ( 1.6) and Per Worker ( 2.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.3

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is -1.08)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    Investment/GDP (14.3) and GovtConsump/GDP ( 6.9)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    25

    30

    35

    40

    45Human Capital Index (44.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -40

    -20

    0

    20

    40NetExports/GDP (-3.5) and X+M/GDP ( 22.2)

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    500

    1000

    1500

    2000Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1647.76)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/COD.xls

  • Congo (Population = 5.4m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32GDP Per Capita ( 7.4) and Per Worker ( 9.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.5

    0

    0.5Growth Rate (Average is 1.38)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    Investment/GDP (15.4) and GovtConsump/GDP (25.1)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    25

    30

    35

    40

    45

    50

    55Human Capital Index (54.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -200

    -100

    0

    100NetExports/GDP (22.8) and X+M/GDP (110.6)

    0

    100

    200

    300

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600

    700

    800Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 585.91)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/COG.xls

  • Colombia (Population = 50.3m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40GDP Per Capita ( 22.5) and Per Worker ( 25.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 2.02)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    Investment/GDP (15.8) and GovtConsump/GDP (22.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    35

    40

    45

    50

    55

    60

    65

    70Human Capital Index (69.3)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    0

    20NetExports/GDP (-4.6) and X+M/GDP ( 22.9)

    0

    20

    40

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    1000

    2000

    3000

    4000Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 3280.83)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/COL.xls

  • Comoros (Population = 0.9m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32GDP Per Capita ( 5.1) and Per Worker ( 10.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 0.77)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    45

    Investment/GDP (12.5) and GovtConsump/GDP (19.9)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -25

    -20

    -15

    -10

    -5NetExports/GDP (-12.8) and X+M/GDP ( 29.9)

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 439.46)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/COM.xls

  • Cabo Verde (Population = 0.5m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24GDP Per Capita ( 11.6) and Per Worker ( 14.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 2.98)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    Investment/GDP (24.4) and GovtConsump/GDP (22.4)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -60

    -40

    -20

    0NetExports/GDP (-11.8) and X+M/GDP ( 39.1)

    20

    40

    60

    80

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    120

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 98.50)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/CPV.xls

  • Costa Rica (Population = 5.0m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50GDP Per Capita ( 29.6) and Per Worker ( 31.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 2.36)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20

    22

    Investment/GDP (15.6) and GovtConsump/GDP (23.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    45

    50

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75Human Capital Index (71.9)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    -15

    -10

    -5

    0

    5NetExports/GDP (-1.9) and X+M/GDP ( 46.5)

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    100

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 587.29)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/CRI.xls

  • Curaçao (Population = 0.2m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    32

    40

    50

    60GDP Per Capita ( 33.8) and Per Worker ( 43.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.12

    -0.1

    -0.08

    -0.06

    -0.04

    -0.02

    0

    0.02Growth Rate (Average is -2.43)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Investment/GDP (35.8) and GovtConsump/GDP (16.5)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -60

    -40

    -20

    0NetExports/GDP (-22.6) and X+M/GDP (166.4)

    100

    150

    200

    250

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1

    1.5

    2

    2.5

    3Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1.79)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/CUW.xls

  • Cayman Islands (Population = 0.1m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    120

    GDP Per Capita ( 98.4) and Per Worker ( 68.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is 1.04)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30Investment/GDP (20.6) and GovtConsump/GDP (11.1)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30NetExports/GDP (13.1) and X+M/GDP (227.5)

    100

    150

    200

    250

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.8

    0.81

    0.82

    0.83

    0.84Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.83)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/CYM.xls

  • Cyprus (Population = 0.9m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80GDP Per Capita ( 51.6) and Per Worker ( 58.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is 3.33)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    Investment/GDP (27.8) and GovtConsump/GDP (16.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80Human Capital Index (77.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -60

    -40

    -20

    0

    20NetExports/GDP (-19.0) and X+M/GDP ( 77.9)

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.6

    0.7

    0.8

    0.9

    1

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.89)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/CYP.xls

  • Czech Republic (Population = 10.7m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    50

    60

    70GDP Per Capita ( 59.9) and Per Worker ( 56.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.15

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 1.66)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40Investment/GDP (29.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (25.0)

    1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

    80

    85

    90

    95

    100Human Capital Index (98.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -10

    0

    10NetExports/GDP (-1.6) and X+M/GDP (135.2)

    0

    100

    200

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 22.93)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/CZE.xls

  • Germany (Population = 83.5m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90GDP Per Capita ( 84.0) and Per Worker ( 75.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 3.35)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    Investment/GDP (22.3) and GovtConsump/GDP (16.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100Human Capital Index (98.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -15

    -10

    -5

    0

    5

    10

    15NetExports/GDP ( 5.1) and X+M/GDP (112.8)

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    120

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.8

    1

    1.2

    1.4

    1.6

    1.8

    2

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.89)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/DEU.xls

  • Djibouti (Population = 1.0m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40

    GDP Per Capita ( 9.8) and Per Worker ( 12.3)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.4

    -0.3

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    0.3

    Growth Rate (Average is -0.83)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100Investment/GDP (61.8) and GovtConsump/GDP (20.9)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -100

    -50

    0NetExports/GDP (-45.4) and X+M/GDP (277.4)

    0

    200

    400

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    180

    190

    200

    210

    220Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 177.72)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/DJI.xls

  • Dominica (Population = 0.1m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40GDP Per Capita ( 16.5) and Per Worker ( 21.1)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 1.56)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    Investment/GDP (20.4) and GovtConsump/GDP (32.0)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -100

    -50

    0NetExports/GDP (-42.1) and X+M/GDP ( 57.7)

    0

    100

    200

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    2.1

    2.2

    2.3

    2.4

    2.5

    2.6

    2.7Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 2.70)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/DMA.xls

  • Denmark (Population = 5.8m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100GDP Per Capita ( 86.3) and Per Worker ( 80.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 2.37)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    Investment/GDP (29.6) and GovtConsump/GDP (21.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100Human Capital Index (96.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    0

    20NetExports/GDP ( 4.5) and X+M/GDP (104.2)

    0

    100

    200

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    6

    7

    8

    9

    10

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 6.67)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/DNK.xls

  • Dominican Republic (Population = 10.7m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    GDP Per Capita ( 28.6) and Per Worker ( 28.9)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 2.92)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30Investment/GDP (24.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (14.9)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80Human Capital Index (73.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP (-3.5) and X+M/GDP ( 27.5)

    0

    50

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 51.29)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/DOM.xls

  • Algeria (Population = 43.1m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80 90100

    120

    GDP Per Capita ( 18.8) and Per Worker ( 34.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.5

    -0.4

    -0.3

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 0.14)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Investment/GDP (30.5) and GovtConsump/GDP (28.0)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    35

    40

    45

    50

    55

    60

    65Human Capital Index (63.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -10

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40NetExports/GDP (-3.0) and X+M/GDP ( 27.3)

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 119.35)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/DZA.xls

  • Ecuador (Population = 17.4m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40GDP Per Capita ( 18.0) and Per Worker ( 18.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 1.75)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    Investment/GDP (25.5) and GovtConsump/GDP (14.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    45

    50

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75Human Capital Index (73.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -6

    -4

    -2

    0

    2

    4

    NetExports/GDP (-0.1) and X+M/GDP ( 37.5)

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    45

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    0.5

    1

    1.5

    2Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1.00)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/ECU.xls

  • Egypt (Population = 100.4m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    GDP Per Capita ( 19.3) and Per Worker ( 34.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 4.14)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Investment/GDP ( 9.5) and GovtConsump/GDP (11.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80Human Capital Index (71.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    -10

    0

    10NetExports/GDP ( 1.7) and X+M/GDP ( 11.9)

    0

    20

    40

    60

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 16.77)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/EGY.xls

  • Spain (Population = 46.7m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    GDP Per Capita ( 64.5) and Per Worker ( 73.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 3.40)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40Investment/GDP (26.7) and GovtConsump/GDP (18.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    45

    50

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75

    80Human Capital Index (79.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -15

    -10

    -5

    0

    5NetExports/GDP ( 1.1) and X+M/GDP ( 58.6)

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.89)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/ESP.xls

  • Estonia (Population = 1.3m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60GDP Per Capita ( 54.1) and Per Worker ( 51.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 3.46)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    Investment/GDP (30.6) and GovtConsump/GDP (24.8)

    1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

    70

    75

    80

    85

    90

    95

    100Human Capital Index (97.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    0

    20NetExports/GDP (-5.2) and X+M/GDP (159.1)

    0

    100

    200

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.89)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/EST.xls

  • Ethiopia (Population = 112.1m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6GDP Per Capita ( 4.3) and Per Worker ( 4.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 2.69)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    Investment/GDP (24.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (11.2)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    26

    28

    30

    32

    34

    36

    38

    40Human Capital Index (38.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -10

    0

    10NetExports/GDP (-5.6) and X+M/GDP ( 9.8)

    0

    20

    40

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 29.07)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/ETH.xls

  • Finland (Population = 5.5m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90GDP Per Capita ( 71.8) and Per Worker ( 71.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 2.78)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40

    45

    Investment/GDP (26.6) and GovtConsump/GDP (23.1)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100Human Capital Index (93.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    0

    20NetExports/GDP (-4.0) and X+M/GDP ( 91.6)

    0

    100

    200

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.4

    0.5

    0.6

    0.7

    0.8

    0.9

    1

    1.1

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.89)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/FIN.xls

  • Fiji (Population = 0.9m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40GDP Per Capita ( 22.0) and Per Worker ( 30.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 2.51)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40Investment/GDP (19.7) and GovtConsump/GDP (18.3)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    45

    50

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75Human Capital Index (72.1)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -40

    -20

    0

    20NetExports/GDP ( 3.3) and X+M/GDP ( 56.3)

    0

    50

    100

    150

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.8

    1

    1.2

    1.4

    1.6

    1.8

    2

    2.2

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 2.16)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/FJI.xls

  • France (Population = 67.4m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90GDP Per Capita ( 69.9) and Per Worker ( 79.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1Growth Rate (Average is 2.53)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    Investment/GDP (27.4) and GovtConsump/GDP (21.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75

    80

    85

    90Human Capital Index (86.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -5

    0

    5NetExports/GDP (-3.1) and X+M/GDP ( 60.4)

    0

    50

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.5

    1

    1.5Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.89)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/FRA.xls

  • Gabon (Population = 2.2m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70GDP Per Capita ( 24.8) and Per Worker ( 39.3)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.5

    0

    0.5Growth Rate (Average is 2.35)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40Investment/GDP (17.5) and GovtConsump/GDP (18.7)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80Human Capital Index (76.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP (29.4) and X+M/GDP ( 41.5)

    0

    50

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600

    700

    800Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 585.91)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/GAB.xls

  • U.K. (Population = 67.5m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90GDP Per Capita ( 70.7) and Per Worker ( 69.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 2.09)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    15

    20

    25

    30Investment/GDP (24.7) and GovtConsump/GDP (19.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    Human Capital Index (100.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -15

    -10

    -5

    0NetExports/GDP (-5.4) and X+M/GDP ( 57.6)

    20

    40

    60

    80

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.4

    0.5

    0.6

    0.7

    0.8Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.78)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/GBR.xls

  • Georgia (Population = 4.0m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40

    GDP Per Capita ( 27.2) and Per Worker ( 38.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -1

    -0.8

    -0.6

    -0.4

    -0.2

    0

    Growth Rate (Average is 1.34)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    Investment/GDP (19.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (21.9)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -100

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP ( 5.8) and X+M/GDP ( 34.1)

    0

    20

    40

    60

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    0.5

    1

    1.5

    2

    2.5

    3Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 2.82)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/GEO.xls

  • Ghana (Population = 30.4m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32GDP Per Capita ( 8.6) and Per Worker ( 9.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 0.51)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Investment/GDP (16.9) and GovtConsump/GDP (10.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70Human Capital Index (67.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -30

    -20

    -10

    0

    10

    20NetExports/GDP (-8.1) and X+M/GDP ( 28.1)

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 5.22)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/GHA.xls

  • Guinea (Population = 12.8m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24GDP Per Capita ( 3.7) and Per Worker ( 4.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.15

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1Growth Rate (Average is -0.53)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30Investment/GDP ( 8.0) and GovtConsump/GDP (21.4)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -40

    -30

    -20

    -10

    0NetExports/GDP (-10.3) and X+M/GDP ( 50.5)

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    2000

    4000

    6000

    8000

    10000Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 9183.88)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/GIN.xls

  • Gambia (Population = 2.3m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    GDP Per Capita ( 3.8) and Per Worker ( 6.3)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is -0.26)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40Investment/GDP (12.0) and GovtConsump/GDP ( 9.5)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    25

    30

    35

    40

    45Human Capital Index (44.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP (-0.8) and X+M/GDP ( 15.8)

    0

    20

    40

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 50.28)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/GMB.xls

  • Guinea-Bissau (Population = 1.9m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1

    2

    4

    6

    8GDP Per Capita ( 3.0) and Per Worker ( 3.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is 1.30)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100Investment/GDP ( 3.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (20.1)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -100

    -50

    0NetExports/GDP (-8.3) and X+M/GDP ( 44.7)

    0

    50

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    100

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600

    700

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 585.91)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/GNB.xls

  • Equatorial Guinea (Population = 1.4m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32 40 50 60 70 80 90100120GDP Per Capita ( 39.5) and Per Worker ( 51.9)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.5

    0

    0.5

    Growth Rate (Average is 5.17)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Investment/GDP ( 7.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (47.4)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -100

    0

    100NetExports/GDP (11.2) and X+M/GDP ( 73.8)

    0

    100

    200

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    200

    300

    400

    500

    600

    700

    800Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 585.91)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/GNQ.xls

  • Greece (Population = 10.5m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70GDP Per Capita ( 43.4) and Per Worker ( 51.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 2.91)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Investment/GDP (16.3) and GovtConsump/GDP (21.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90Human Capital Index (83.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -30

    -20

    -10

    0

    10NetExports/GDP (-7.0) and X+M/GDP ( 58.6)

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.89)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/GRC.xls

  • Grenada (Population = 0.1m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    GDP Per Capita ( 24.6) and Per Worker ( 20.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is 3.93)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    Investment/GDP (18.5) and GovtConsump/GDP (16.5)

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1Human Capital Index ( NaN)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -100

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP (-8.6) and X+M/GDP ( 28.9)

    0

    50

    100

    150

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    2.1

    2.2

    2.3

    2.4

    2.5

    2.6

    2.7Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 2.70)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/GRD.xls

  • Guatemala (Population = 17.6m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    8

    12

    16

    24GDP Per Capita ( 12.4) and Per Worker ( 14.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    Growth Rate (Average is 1.78)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    12

    14

    16

    18

    20Investment/GDP (15.5) and GovtConsump/GDP (15.3)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    35

    40

    45

    50

    55Human Capital Index (52.1)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    -15

    -10

    -5

    0NetExports/GDP (-11.9) and X+M/GDP ( 38.1)

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    2

    4

    6

    8

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 7.70)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/GTM.xls

  • Guyana (Population = 0.8m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    GDP Per Capita ( 20.8) and Per Worker ( 30.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.15

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 2.49)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40Investment/GDP (24.7) and GovtConsump/GDP (31.9)

    1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    50

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75Human Capital Index (72.1)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP (-22.8) and X+M/GDP ( 88.0)

    0

    100

    200

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    50

    100

    150

    200

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 208.50)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/GUY.xls

  • Hong Kong (Population = 7.4m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    120

    GDP Per Capita ( 87.5) and Per Worker ( 81.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 3.75)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40Investment/GDP (20.7) and GovtConsump/GDP ( 9.7)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90Human Capital Index (87.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    0

    20

    40NetExports/GDP (-6.1) and X+M/GDP (447.4)

    0

    200

    400

    600

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 7.84)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/HKG.xls

  • Honduras (Population = 9.7m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24GDP Per Capita ( 8.7) and Per Worker ( 10.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1Growth Rate (Average is 1.22)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40Investment/GDP (21.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (11.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70Human Capital Index (65.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP (-12.5) and X+M/GDP ( 38.6)

    0

    50

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 24.51)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/HND.xls

  • Croatia (Population = 4.1m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    GDP Per Capita ( 41.5) and Per Worker ( 45.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.15

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 2.22)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40Investment/GDP (26.5) and GovtConsump/GDP (25.5)

    1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

    70

    75

    80

    85

    90

    95

    100Human Capital Index (96.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    -15

    -10

    -5

    0

    5

    10NetExports/GDP (-5.6) and X+M/GDP ( 71.9)

    45

    50

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    2

    4

    6

    8

    10Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 6.62)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/HRV.xls

  • Haiti (Population = 11.3m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    1

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12GDP Per Capita ( 2.5) and Per Worker ( 3.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is 0.08)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    Investment/GDP (27.9) and GovtConsump/GDP ( 2.3)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    35

    40

    45

    Human Capital Index (46.1)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    0

    50NetExports/GDP (-37.4) and X+M/GDP ( 64.6)

    0

    50

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 88.81)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/HTI.xls

  • Hungary (Population = 9.7m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60GDP Per Capita ( 46.7) and Per Worker ( 46.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 3.24)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    Investment/GDP (30.1) and GovtConsump/GDP (28.3)

    1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    60

    65

    70

    75

    80

    85

    90

    95Human Capital Index (91.1)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -15

    -10

    -5

    0

    5NetExports/GDP (-9.5) and X+M/GDP (147.9)

    0

    50

    100

    150

    200

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    50

    100

    150

    200

    250

    300Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 290.66)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/HUN.xls

  • Indonesia (Population = 270.6m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24GDP Per Capita ( 18.5) and Per Worker ( 18.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 3.60)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40Investment/GDP (33.7) and GovtConsump/GDP (10.7)

    1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    35

    40

    45

    50

    55

    60

    65Human Capital Index (61.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -20

    0

    20

    40NetExports/GDP ( 0.6) and X+M/GDP ( 17.2)

    0

    20

    40

    60

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    5000

    10000

    15000Exchange Rate per Dollar (14147.67)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/IDN.xls

  • India (Population = 1366.4m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    2

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    GDP Per Capita ( 10.7) and Per Worker ( 14.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 2.83)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    35

    40Investment/GDP (27.1) and GovtConsump/GDP ( 7.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    35

    40

    45

    50

    55

    60Human Capital Index (57.9)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -10

    0

    10NetExports/GDP ( 0.7) and X+M/GDP ( 12.9)

    0

    10

    20

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 70.42)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/IND.xls

  • Ireland (Population = 4.9m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90100

    120

    GDP Per Capita (164.0) and Per Worker (170.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    0.2

    0.25

    Growth Rate (Average is 4.25)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Investment/GDP (57.0) and GovtConsump/GDP ( 8.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75

    80

    85Human Capital Index (85.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -30

    -20

    -10

    0

    10

    20

    30NetExports/GDP (12.9) and X+M/GDP ( 85.4)

    40

    60

    80

    100

    120

    140

    160

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0.5

    0.6

    0.7

    0.8

    0.9

    1

    1.1

    1.2Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 0.89)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/IRL.xls

  • Iran (Population = 82.9m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70GDP Per Capita ( 21.2) and Per Worker ( 34.3)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.4

    -0.3

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is 2.48)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40Investment/GDP (31.9) and GovtConsump/GDP (20.1)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70Human Capital Index (67.2)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -40

    -20

    0

    20

    40NetExports/GDP ( 4.0) and X+M/GDP ( 12.9)

    0

    50

    100

    150

    200

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    1

    2

    3

    4

    104Exchange Rate per Dollar (42000.00)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/IRN.xls

  • Iraq (Population = 39.3m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    4

    6

    8

    12

    16

    24

    32

    40

    50

    6070GDP Per Capita ( 19.0) and Per Worker ( 41.1)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -1

    -0.8

    -0.6

    -0.4

    -0.2

    0

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is 1.89)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Investment/GDP (14.5) and GovtConsump/GDP (15.8)

    1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    30

    35

    40

    45

    50

    55

    60

    Human Capital Index (61.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    0

    50

    100NetExports/GDP (17.5) and X+M/GDP ( 48.5)

    0

    20

    40

    60

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    500

    1000

    1500

    2000

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 1182.00)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/IRQ.xls

  • Iceland (Population = 0.3m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    120GDP Per Capita ( 84.7) and Per Worker ( 71.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.2

    -0.1

    0

    0.1

    0.2

    Growth Rate (Average is 2.48)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Investment/GDP (25.4) and GovtConsump/GDP (24.4)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90Human Capital Index (87.5)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -50

    -40

    -30

    -20

    -10

    0

    10NetExports/GDP (-4.0) and X+M/GDP (105.2)

    40

    60

    80

    100

    120

    140

    160

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    50

    100

    150Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 122.61)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/ISL.xls

  • Israel (Population = 8.5m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    GDP Per Capita ( 61.6) and Per Worker ( 59.7)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -0.1

    -0.05

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    0.2Growth Rate (Average is 2.76)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60Investment/GDP (26.2) and GovtConsump/GDP (24.6)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    110Human Capital Index (103.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    -100

    -50

    0NetExports/GDP (-8.2) and X+M/GDP ( 64.5)

    0

    50

    100

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    1

    2

    3

    4

    Exchange Rate per Dollar ( 3.56)

    http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/snapshots/ISR.xls

  • Italy (Population = 60.6m) (data)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    24

    32

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100GDP Per Capita ( 65.1) and Per Worker ( 74.0)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    0

    0.05

    0.1

    Growth Rate (Average is 3.18)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    Investment/GDP (25.0) and GovtConsump/GDP (15.8)

    1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

    40

    50

    60

    70