coupling of power, fuels, chemicals: perspective for...
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© Siemens AG 2018
Coupling of power, fuels, chemicals:
perspective for hydrogen and e-fuels production
1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
Dr. Ireneusz Pyc, Dr. Gerhard Zimmermann
Siemens Power and Gas, Technology and Innovation
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© Siemens AG 2018
Ireneusz Pyc, Siemens Power and Gas1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
Mostly disregarded till now
• Share on CO2 emissions: 55%
• Share of Renewables: 8%
De-fossilization of energy sectorFocus on power generation sector alone is not enough
De-fossilization of power sector is not sufficient. Sectors such as
industry, transport and buildings that account for up to 55% of total
CO2 emissions have seen only low levels of renewable penetration
Source: IEA ETP
Global CO2 (eq.) emissions 1980 – 2016
bn tons per year
Global CO2 emissions share by sectors
50
40
30
20
10
1980 20152000 201020051985 1990 1995
0
55
Power
Industry
Transport
Buildings
Other
Main focus so far
• Share on CO2 emissions: 40%
• Share of Renewables: 22%
21%
10%
5%
24%
40%
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© Siemens AG 2018
Ireneusz Pyc, Siemens Power and Gas1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
Sector coupling a key lever for energy system transformation
Power Storage
(decentral)
Power Sector
Heat Supply
Gas Industry
Transport
Sector
Power-to-Heat
(Heat pumps,
CHP)
E-Mobility
Power-to-Gas
(Energy Storage)
Power-to-Gas
(Re-Electrification)
Power Storage
(central)
Heat
Storage
Power-to-
Liquids
Fuel
Storage
Power-to-
ChemicalsHydrogen, methane,
methanol, ammonia as
feedstock for
chemical processes
Gas BoilerGas Re-
forming
Gas
Power
Plants
Gas Storage,
Pipeline
System
Definition
• Link between power sector and energy-consuming sectors
Value Proposition
• Improvement of overall energy efficiency
• Contribution to defossilization of the energy sector
• Supports supply / load balancing (>high share of intermittent
renewable generation)
• More diverse and interdependent energy supply
Drivers
• Reduction of green house gas emissions
• Reduction of energy import dependency
• Technological progress (e.g. e-mobility, battery, electrolysis)
Sector Coupling – Links and Interactions Sector Coupling
Chemicals
Source: Based on FENES (OTH Regensburg)
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© Siemens AG 2018
Ireneusz Pyc, Siemens Power and Gas1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
From clean power to clean productHydrogen opens up multiple entries to the energy- and chemical sectors
Solar (PV)
Wind
H2O
O2H2
Haber-Bosch
N2
Ammonia(and secondary products, Urea,
DAP)
Methane
Methanol(and secondary products, e.g.
MTBE, gasoline, kerosene)
Fischer-Tropsch products (diesel, wax)
• Fertilizer
• Chemical feedstock
• As carrier for hydrogen or direct use
for energy
• Carbon-neutral fuels - mobility, heat
• Chemical feedstock
• Re-electrification (long-term storage)
Hydrogen
• Direct use for mobility (fuel cell)
• chemical feedstock (refinery),
separate case, not considered
• Direct use: Re-electrification
(long-term storage (turbines, engines)
Power Generation Conversion Use- and business cases
Air separation
CO2
Intermittent RES
N2
Syntheses
e.g. SNG, alcohol
Direct air capture
Capture from flue gases(power, industry)
Water
electrolysis
PtHydrogen
PtAmmonia
PtC- based FuelsElectrical
energy
CO2
Geothermal
Continuous RES
Hydro
Biomass
Products
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© Siemens AG 2018
Ireneusz Pyc, Siemens Power and Gas1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysisKey technology and efficient way to produce green hydrogen
How does PEM electrolysis work ?
Advantages of PEM electrolysis
• Dynamic flexibility in coupling to wind-, PV- plants
• High dynamics (ramps)
• cold start capability with fast start-up and shut-down
• High efficiency
• High H2 - purity
• Low O&M costs
• Pressurized operation (Sylizer 200: 35 bar)
• High power density and small footprint
• Electrodes are attached on both sides of the proton exchange
membrane (PEM)
• Proton exchange membrane
• is electrolyte
• Acts as separator to prevent mixing of the gas products
1973: J.H Russel released his works on
PEM electrolysis
+ -
H+
water
anode cathod
e
½ O2 H2
PEM principle
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© Siemens AG 2018
Ireneusz Pyc, Siemens Power and Gas1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
Silyzer 200High-pressure efficiency in the megawatt range
20 kgHydrogen production per hour
5MWWorld’s largest operating PEM
electrolyzer system in Hamburg,
Germany
1.25 MWRated stack capacity
60 kWhSpecific energy consumption for
1 kg hydrogen
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© Siemens AG 2018
Ireneusz Pyc, Siemens Power and Gas1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
17.5MW
340 kg
75 %
24 modules
Silyzer 300the next paradigm in PEM electrolysis
System efficiency
(higher heating value)
per full Module Array
(24 modules)
Silyzer 300 – Module Array (24 modules)
hydrogen per hour
per full Module Array
(24 modules)
to build a
full Module Array
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© Siemens AG 2018
Ireneusz Pyc, Siemens Power and Gas1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
2011
20152018
2023+2030+
Silyzer portfolio scales up by factor 10 every 4-5 years driven by market demand and co-developed with our customers
Silyzer 100
Lab-scale demo
~4.500 op.h1
~150k Nm³ of H2
Silyzer 300
Biggest PEM cell in the
world built by Siemens!
First investigations
in cooperation with
chemical industryNext generation
Under development
Silyzer 200
~24.000 op.h
~2.8 mio Nm³ of H2
World’s largest Power-to-
Gas plants with PEM
electrolyzers in 2015 and
2017 built by Siemens!
Silyzer portfolio roadmap
1) op.h.: operating hours
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© Siemens AG 2018
Ireneusz Pyc, Siemens Power and Gas1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
We have references for our Silyzer portfolio in all applications
Year Country Project Customer Power demand Product offering
2015 SwitzerlandEnergy System Integration
PlatformPaul Scherrer Institut 100 kW / 200 kW (peak) Container solution
2015 GermanyArgon purification/
Use of H2 for HRSAir Liquide, Duisburg 300 kW Container solution
2016 Germany Energy Lab 2.0 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 300 kW Container solution
2015 Germany Energiepark Mainz Municipality of Mainz 3.8 MW / 6 MW (peak) Pilot Silyzer 200
2016 Germany Wind Gas HaßfurtMunicipality of Haßfurt
Greenpeace Energy 1.25 MW Silyzer 200
2017 Germany H&R H&R Ölwerke Schindler GmbH 5 MW Silyzer 200
2018 Austria H2Future1 voestalpine, Verbund,
Austrian Power Grid (APG)6 MW Pilot Silyzer 300
1 This project has received funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 735503. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union‘s Horizon 2020 research
and innovative program and Hydrogen Europe and NERGHY.
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© Siemens AG 2018
Ireneusz Pyc, Siemens Power and Gas1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
Going a step further: from H2 to e-fuels and chemicals
…in mobility, transportation and chemical industry
CO2
Carbon captureOptimized plant operation Shipment to consumer site
Expected e-Methanol
production cost €100- €130/MWh)
Liquid e-fuel
(methanol)
• CO2 capture
• Today to mid-term: from industrial sources
• Long-term: from the air
Good weather conditions
• E-fuel production cost clearly above
market value of fossil fuels
• Production cost decrease due to
decreasing CAPEX of renewables and
electrolysis
• E-fuel with ~ 90% lower carbon footprint
compared to fossil fuels
• E-fuel has the potential to outperform
biofuels in terms of
- production costs
- CO2 avoidance cost
- food / fuel debate
Pre-feasibility studies for e-methanol, conditions ~ 2025
Economic viability
Market value (€/MWh)
e-fuel
(future)
Natural
Gas
Gaso-
line
Metha-
nol
Bio-etha-
nol, 2Gen
Bio-etha-
nol, 1Gen
Gaso-
line, fossil
CO2 emissions (gCO2-eq/MJ) CO2 avoidance costs (€/tCO2)
e-fuel
(future)
Bio-ethanol
1Gen
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Pro
duction c
ost (€
/MW
h)
0
40
60
80
100
120
20
e-fuel
(future)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Bio-ethanol
2Gen
Bio-ethanol
1Gen 2Gen
Persian Gulf, (PV and wind)
Patagonia (wind)
Atacama (PV)
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© Siemens AG 2018
Ireneusz Pyc, Siemens Power and Gas1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
E-fuels: comparative economics of e-methanol
are strongly related to electricity costs for hydrogen production
Green-methanol can compete against bio-ethanol
at electricity prices less than 30-40 €/MWh
Green-methanol can compete against “black”-methanol
only at extremely low electricity costs
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1 3 5
electricity-price
€ ct/kWh
conservative
optimistic
Bio-ethanol prices: 2013-2017, Nymex, FoB
Bio-ethanol 2013-2017
Competitiveness
break-even
1€=1,2 $
Product Price
€/Mt
MeOH eq
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1 3 5
Steam methane
reforming (SMR)
“black” CH3OH
Average methanol
prices, 2007-2018
Methanol-Prices: black (SMR) methanol : delivery to N-Europe in 2017 IHS, Oct. 2017 , Price in March 2018: Methanex, short - term price peaks excluded
€/Mt
conservative
optimistic
Competitiveness
break-even
electricity-price
€ ct/kWh
Price
Price
Sept. 2018
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© Siemens AG 2018
Ireneusz Pyc, Siemens Power and Gas1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
Windgas HaßfurtFirst power-to-gas plant in Germany in 2016
Facts & figures
• Customer: Windgas Haßfurt
• Country: Germany
• Installed: 2016
• Product: Silyzer 200 Green hydrogen is
fed into the local gas
network.
Use cases
Challenge
• Operation of a SILYZER 200
• Highly dynamic power consumption
• State-of-the-art process control technology based on SIMATIC PCS 7
• Installation and integration into an existing setting at Stadtwerke Haßfurt GmbH
• Supply of a complete solution (water processing, drying, storage and feeding into the gas network)
• Remote control of plants harmonized with electricity costs
Solutions
Hydrogen is added
to natural gas for a
malthouse.
1.25MWrated power based on Silyzer 200
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© Siemens AG 2018
Ireneusz Pyc, Siemens Power and Gas1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
Siemens started an engagement in e-fuelsBMWi-funded R&D project "E2Fuels“ started in Oct. 2018
E2Fuels: Erneuerbare Emissionsarme Kraftstoffe - Forschung zur Herstellung und Nutzung in einem sektorgekoppelten Ansatz
BWMi: Federal ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (funding), PtJ: Projektträger Jülich (executing organization)
SW Haßfurt Infrastructure
site preparation
MAN Deggendorf Reactor, design,
erection, testing
FAU Erlangen Scientific support for innovative
CO2 based methanol synthesis
TU München Project coordination, system
analyses,
Funding, project coordination
Process ConceptProject Structure and Partners
3 H2 + CO2 CH3OH (+ H2O)
H2
Silyzer 200 Methanol-synthesisCompressor
green e-
methanolCH3OH
SW Haßfurt
CO2
Balance of plant and
Instrumentation & Control
for the entire plant
Test plant
in Haßfurt
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© Siemens AG 2018
Ireneusz Pyc, Siemens Power and Gas1st Polish Conference on Hydrogen Technology October 25th, 2018
Summary
1
Sector coupling is a key lever for energy system transformation
Hydrogen is one of key elements of sector coupling, it opens up multiple entries to the energy sector
2
3
4
5
6
7
H2 based e-fuels are vital defossilization-elements for road transportation, marine and aviation
PEM electrolysis fits to PV- and wind power use and is an efficient way to produce green hydrogen
Comparative economics of “green”– e-methanol are related to electricity costs for hydrogen production
"E2Fuels" demonstration and test plant in Haßfurt is a starting point for Siemens engagement in e-fuels
Defossilization of energy supply is a must. Historical focus on power generation sector alone is not enough
PEM electrolysis scales up by factor 10 every 4 – 5 years
8
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Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2018
Dr. Ing. Ireneusz Pyc
Siemens AG
Power & Gas / Technology & Innovation
Freyeslebenstrasse 1
91058 Erlangen
Phone: +49 (9131) 18 27 40
Mobile: +49 (152) 22 70 68 37
E-mail:
CONTACT