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Covalen t Bonds

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Page 1: Covalent Bonds Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet) For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons

Covalent Bonds

Page 2: Covalent Bonds Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet) For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons

Why do atoms bond?

• Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet)• For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons

to get an octet of electrons• For covalent bonds there is a sharing of

electrons to get an octet

Page 3: Covalent Bonds Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet) For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons
Page 4: Covalent Bonds Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet) For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons

What is a covalent bond?

• Covalent bond - is the chemical bond that results from sharing of valence electrons– Occurs with elements close to each other on the

periodic table– Ex: H2O

– Between a nonmetal and a nonmetal– Molecule is two or more atoms bonded covalently

Page 5: Covalent Bonds Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet) For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons

Examples of Molecules

• F2

• H2O

• NH3 (ammonia)

• CH4 (methane)

• Notice there are no metals, only non-metals

Page 6: Covalent Bonds Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet) For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons

Diatomic molecules

• Some atoms do not exist as a single atom• Atoms that exist as two

H2, O2, N2, Cl2, Br2, I2, F2

• HONClBrIF• Magnificent 7-don’t forget H

Page 7: Covalent Bonds Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet) For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons

3 Types of Covalent Bonds

• Single Covalent Bond• Double Covalent Bond• Triple Covalent Bond

Page 8: Covalent Bonds Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet) For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons

3 Pencil Demo for Single, Double and Triple Covent bonds

• Make as many observations as you cani.e. facial expressions, body position, muscles

used, noises made, force or energy exerted, etc.

Page 9: Covalent Bonds Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet) For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons

Single Covalent Bonds

• Each atom shares one pair of electrons• Each atom shares 2 electrons• Longest bond• Weakest bond of the three

Page 10: Covalent Bonds Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet) For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons

Double Covalent Bonds

• In a double bond, each atom shares two pairs of electrons

• Each atom shares 4 electrons• Medium length bond• Medium strength bond

Page 11: Covalent Bonds Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet) For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons

Triple Covalent Bond

• In a triple covalent bond, each atom shares three pairs of electrons

• Each atom shares 6 electrons• The shortest bond• The strongest bond• Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur can form

double and triple covalent bonds

Page 12: Covalent Bonds Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet) For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons

Covalent Molecule Properties• Covalent molecular solids tend to be soft

solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature• Low melting and boiling points• Poor conductors of heat and electricity• Non-electrolytes – do not conduct electricity

in water

Page 13: Covalent Bonds Why do atoms bond? Atoms want noble gas configuration (octet) For ionic bonds there is a transfer of electrons to get an octet of electrons

Strength of Covalent Bond

• Several factors control bond strength—Number of shared electrons-the more

electrons shared, greater the bond—Size of the atom—Bond length – the greater the bond length,

the weaker the bond


CHAPTER 8 COVALENT BONDS. OCTET RULE = atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of 8 valence electrons –(form stable configuration)

Chemical Bonding Chapter 7. The Octet Rule Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to get a full set of valence electrons. “octet” – most

A QUICK BONDING REVIEW. Why do atoms want to bond? To achieve the octet rule OCTET RULE: atoms want to have 8 valence electrons in their outer most shell

COVALENT BONDING Chapter 9. THE COVALENT BOND Remember that atoms bond to gain stability, usually meaning an octet of electrons. Sometimes atoms who

s3.amazonaws.com · Web viewCount up total number of electrons, single bond atoms to central atoms (each bond uses 2 electrons), fill the octet of outer atoms, fill octet of central

Bonding. Video 5.1 Types of Bonds Octet Rule Review Atoms bond with other atoms by sharing or transferring electrons in order to achieve a stable octet

Chemical Nomenclature. Octet Rule n Atoms tend to achieve electron configuration of Noble Gases n Octet = Eight n Noble Gases have eight electrons in

ELECTRONS IN ATOMS. Address of electrons in atoms

Chemical Bonding Holding atoms together Chemical Reactivity Octet Rule – atoms lose or gain electrons to fill their outer s and p orbitals with 8 electrons

How to do it… Step One: The Octet (8) rule…Atoms will gain or lose electrons to have a total of 8 electrons in their outer shell

Section 4.2 Ways to Achieve Stability (cont.) Atoms can also share valence electrons to achieve a stable octet

A bit of review… ALWAYS 8 electrons (octet rule) 1.Atoms for particular elements are ALWAYS trying to have a full set of electrons in their outer energy

Octet Rule = atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons so as to have 8 electrons C would like to N would like to O would like to Gain 4 electrons

1 Chapter 8 Covalent bonding 2 I. Octet Rule l What is the Octet Rule? l The octet rule states that atoms lose gain or share electrons in to acquire

Quick Review Covalent bond – two atoms held together by sharing electrons -- Usually occurs between nonmetals. Octet Rule – chemical compounds tend to

Atomic Bonding. Octet Rule Atoms will bond with other atoms to have a full valence shell. Remember First energy level – 2 electrons Second energy level

Electrons in Atoms

Covalent bonding. Group IV atoms Group IV atoms do not lose or gain electrons in order to obtain the octet structure. They prefer to share electrons with

Electrons in Atoms

Ionic Bonding Chemistry I. Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonding and the Octet Rule Octet Rule: Atoms will lose, gain, or share electrons to achieve an octet (eight

Bonding and Structure. Octet Rule Atoms and ions prefer 8 electrons in the valence shell. Hence, the unreactivity of the inert / noble gases. If atoms

Ionic Compounds. Ion formation Octet rule- atoms want a full valence shell ▫_____ valence electrons for most atoms ▫____ and atoms that become isoelectronic

ionic and metallic bonding - Waterford · •all elements are ‘stable’ with an octet of eight valence electrons “Atoms of metals tend to lose their valence electrons, leaving

Valence Electrons Octet Rule and Ions...Octet Rule An octet in the outer shell makes atoms stable Electrons are lost, gained or shared to form an octet Unpaired valence electrons strongly

Bonding Between Atoms. Why do Atoms Form Bonds? To get a stable octet of valence electrons. To get a stable octet of valence electrons. Called a “noble

COVALENT BONDING. COVALENT BONDS Covalent bonds = Sharing electrons Octet rule: Atoms still need to become stable by having 8 electrons in their outer

Periodic Trends Chapter 6. Octet Rule Atoms tend to achieve electron configuration of Noble Gases Octet = Eight Noble Gases have eight electrons in their

Covalent Bonding! Co = Together The Octet Rule The octet rule says that all atoms want to have eight valence electrons, like the noble gases. The octet

How to explore a system? Photons Electrons Atoms Electrons Photons Atoms

Section 8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding. The Octet Rule Atoms share electrons so they have a filled valence shell. Atoms share electrons so they have

Chapter 8 Chemical Bonding. Octet Rule Octet Rule: Atoms will gain, lose, or share valence electrons in order to obtain a stable outer shell electron