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Credit Seminar on Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension EducationPRESENTED BY:HARSHITA BHUMRA(P.G.SCHOLAR FINAL YR)

The Role of women in the development of society is of utmost importance. In fact, it is the only thing that determines whether a society is strong and harmonious, or otherwise. Women are the backbone of society. Sri Sri Ravi Shankar

WomenEmpowermentWomen EmpowermentComponents of Women EmpowermentCurrent status of women in IndiaRole of women in various fieldsAdvantages of women empowermentProcess/ways to empower womenProblems in women empowermentWomen empowerment initiatives of Govt./NGOsWomen-pioneers/success storiesConclusion

Presentation Overview

The spelling of woman in English has progressed over the past millennium fromwfmann towmmanntowumman, and finally, the modern spellingwoman.Awomanis afemale human that is, of the speciesHomosapiens. The termwomanis usually reserved for anadult.

Woman wfmann": Bosworth & Toller,Anglo-Saxon Dictionary(Oxford, 1898-1921) p. 1219. The spelling "wifman" also occurs: C. T. Onions,Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology(Oxford, 1966) p. 1011Webster's New World Dictionary, Second College Edition, entry for "woman"

Sexrefers to biological differences; chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs.Genderdescribes the characteristics that a society or culture delineates as masculine or feminine.

What is empowerment?According to British Dictionary

give (someone) the authority or power to do something.

make (someone) stronger and more confident, especially in controlling their life and claiming their rights.

According to Wikipedia Empowerment refers to increasing the spiritual, political, social, educational, gender, or economic strength of individuals and communities.

What is women empowerment?Women Empowerment refers to strengtheningthe social, economic and educational powersof women.It refers to an environment where there is no gender bias and have equal rights in community, society and workplaces.

Nehruji At Eve of Independence

Women's empowerment has five components

Sense of self-worth.Right to have and to determine choices Right to have access to opportunities and resources.Right to have the power to control their own lives, both within and outside the home.Ability to influence the direction of social change to create a more just social and economic order, nationally and internationally.

According to UN Definition

B.R.Ambedkar once said....

NEED FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMNENT

WOMEN ARE DEPRIVED OF:

Decision Making PowerFreedom of MovementAccess to EducationAccess to EmploymentExposure to MediaDomestic Violence

Current status of women in IndiaPopulation of India in 2011 - 1,313,354,719 (1.31 billion)

Sex Ratio M/F2011 945 females per 1,000 males

Females Populationin India2011 635,138,342 (635 million)

* Current Population of India Based on 17 CENSUS2011The major cause of the decrease of the female birth ratio in India is considered to be the violent treatments meted out to the girl child at the time of the birth. The Sex Ratio in India was almost normal during the phase of the years of independence, but thereafter it started showing gradual signs of decrease.

Lack of education and poverty in rural areas.A common belief in Indian society is dominated by preference for a male child.According to Census of India, the child sex ratio (0-6 years) in India is one of the poorest, last recorded at 918 girls for every 1000 boys in 2011Kerala with 1084 females for every 1000 males has the highest sex ratio according to Census of India.Punjab has witnessed a growth rate of +48 from 798 (2001) to 846 (2011) in its child sex ratio.In Union Territories of India, Daman and Diu has the lowest female sex ratio while Pondicherry has the highest female sex ratio in India. Some interesting facts and figures about Sex Ratio in India.

It appears that Indian woman is still not treated at par with man in social and family life. The educated women even today though earning, are in acquiescence with the doctrine of the male domination.The education may have made them economically independent, but they still lack the needed self-confidence.

However, in our times, her role has changed. Society has started recognizing her contribution. There is need for complete equality among men and women. She has all the rights to command equal status with men.

The women now work in offices both as clerks and as officers. They participate at Assemblies and Parliaments as the peoples representatives

Situation of Women

1 to 3% of executive positions only occupied by women 9 % of women in execute bodies of political parties 3 % of women as Supreme Court Judges 7 % of women in civil services 6 % women in trade unionsIn rural India, agriculture and allied industrial sectors employ as much as 89.5% of the total female labourOnly 22% of women in rural India were recorded as workers Only 32% of the female labour force of the total labour force is accounted.India also had highest rate of violence during pregnancy - 50 percent were kicked, beaten or hit when pregnant74.8 percent of women who reported violence have attempted to commit suicide Highest rate of sexual violence were among highly educated menA rape occurs every 34 minutes Every 42 minutes, an incident of sexual harassment takes place Every 43 minutes, a woman is kidnapped Every 93 minutes, a woman is killed Every 102 minutes, a dowry deathData taken by openspace.org Status of Women

Contribution of Women's in various fields.

Among the women who braved the odds and came in the limelight were professionals in different fields. Kiran Bedi had become the countrys first IPS officer. She stayed in the limelight by taking up reforms wherever she worked The first woman President of the UN General AssemblyIn literature, Mahasweta Devi and Arundhati Roy touched new heights. As whole tribe of women writers became famous for their works in the 1990s.

Kalpana Chawla became the first Indian-born woman to go in space

Gunjan Saxena became the first women pilot to fly sorties during the Cargill war. Amrita Patel became the chairperson of the National Dairy Development board.

first woman police officer to lead a central paramilitary force that guards the country's borders. Prior to her appointment.Archana Ramasundram

Contribution of Women's in Veterinary Science.Agnes Sjoberg was the worlds first women veterinarian.Dr. Sakkubhai Ramachandran the first woman Vet of India.Dr. Sulochana eminent virologist, was the first women veterinarian in India to hold the position of dean in veterinary college.Dr. Annamma Kurian was the first women Director of Animal Husbandry Department.

Agnes Sjoberg

S.No.CharacteristicsPercentage1Feeding & WateringTaking animals for grazing82.5Fodder collection80.83Chaffing the fodder75Mixing green fodder with roughage67.5Feeding the animals86.66Storage of feed & fodder77.5Watering the animals852ManagementConstruction of animal sheds75.83Cleaning of animal sheds89.16Washing & grooming of animals70.83Milking90Disposal of cow dung86.66Maintaining farm & dairy records52.53BreedingTaking animals for Artificial Insemination 78.33Taking animals for natural service69.13Taking animals for pregnancy diagnosis 90.83Arranging materials during parturition67.5Calling veterinarian during dystocia 73.33

Contribution of women on the basis of their Participation in Animal Husbandry PracticesThis data is based on study of ROLE OF RURAL WOMEN IN DAIRY FARMING OF RAJKOT DISTRICTBy:J. B. Kathiriya1, D. M. Damasia, B. B. Kabaria

S.No.CharacteristicsPercentage4Health CareCare of sick animals 86.66Care of pregnant animals 91.66Taking animals for treatment 82.5Vaccination/Medication 79.165Processing & MarketingProcessing of livestock products 68.33Sale of milk and milk products 76.66Sale & purchase of animals 59.16Purchase of feeds and fodder 63.336MiscellaneousGetting loans/credit from banks/cooperatives 49.16Record maintenance 52.5

India is one of the few countries where the rate of participation of women in the workforce has drastically declined in the last decade.

It fell from 33.7% in 1991 to 27% in 2012, according to UN gender statistics.

Advantages of women EmpowermentNext generation will be empowered because of her.If women will be empowered she will not be a burden on anyoneFinancial burden of man can be shared with her supportFamily can be more strong because of both working handsWhen financial problems will be shared than result of conflict.

Changes in women's mobility and social interaction.Changes in women's labour patterns.Changes in women's access to and control over resources.Changes in women's control over decision-making.

HOW TO EMPOWER WOMEN

Political EmpowermentBy 1930, women had gained the right to vote. Womens participation in the national movement for the freedom of the country benefited them to gain some political and civil rights.Govt. also encouraging the women to vote in the various elections.In spite of all these steps taken by govt. Still there are very few women in national level politics.

TheWomen's ReservationBill in the Constitution of India to reserve 33% of all seats in the Lower house ofParliamentof India, the Lok Sabha, and in all state legislative assemblies forwomen. TheWomen's ReservationBill(108th Amendment)Bill, 2008

Women representation in the present 16th Lok Sabha has 61 women members, the highest in history.

Speaker of present Lok Sabha is again a woman, Sumitra Mahajan. Present Rajya Sabha has 29 women members. The seven women ministers in the 46-member Council of Ministers have reinforced the new governments agenda of women empowerment.

Socio - economic Empowerment Govt. provide money to girl at the time of their marriage.Govt. give loan to women to start their own business at very low interest.There is a scheme known as Indira Awas Yojna through which govt. gives money to women to make their home.In spite of all these schemes the social & economic status of women is not improved at desired extent.

Judicial EmpowermentIndian government has made many laws and act to protect women.The payment of a dowry has been prohibited under the 1961 dowry prohibition act in Indian civil law.Women are protected from domestic violence under the law protection of women from domestic violence act 2005.For protecting women from sexual violence govt. Passed criminal law act 2013.

Lack of EducationFinancial constraintFamily ResponsibilityLow MobilityLow ability to bear riskLow need for achievementAbsence of ambition for the achievementSocial statusWorkforce participation: Even though a lot of women are working in India they are not paid properly. Their salaries cannot be compared with that of men.

Barriers of Women Empowerment

Land and property rights: Mostly in India women do not own land and do not get the opportunity to buy it. The laws supporting women are few and not even these laws are well implemented. Women are not even given proper share in parents property. Some laws speak against women so they cannot even fight back properly.

Crimes against women: In India there a lot ofcasesof crimes in which women are the victims. The National Crime Records Bureau made a report in 1998 that by the year 2010 the rate of crimes in India against women was more than the rate at which population is growing. Usually thecasesof rape are not reported because it would result in the woman not having any respect in society. Nowadays the reporting of suchcaseshas increased in number.

One of the major aspects of women empowerment in India is to change the attitude of society towards women. The problem in India is that the society never worked on the premise of gender equality from a long-long time.

Dowry and Bride burning: It is another problem generally faced by women of low or middle class family during or after the marriage. Parents of boys demands a lot of money from the brides family to be rich in one time. Grooms family perform bride burning in case of lack of fulfilled dowry demand.

Initiatives by Govt. for Women Empowerment

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao SchemeOne Stop Centre SchemeWomen Helpline SchemeUJJAWALA: A Comprehensive Scheme for Prevention of trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation and Re-integration of Victims of Trafficking and Commercial Sexual ExploitationSWADHAR GREH: (A Scheme for Women in Difficult Circumstances)

6.Support to Training and Employment Program for Women (STEP)7.NARI SHAKTI PURASKAR8.Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) - A Conditional Maternity Benefit Scheme9.Mahila E-Haat10.Mahila police Volunteers

Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) was established by the Government of India in March, 1993 as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Women & Child Development. It was registered under the Societies Registration Act 1860.

To provide Micro Finance to women Self Help Groups (SHGs) belonging to the target group & it was launched on 2nd October, 1993 with the objective of empowering the rural women through building thrift habit, self-reliance and confidence.MAHILA SAMRIDDHI YOJANA(Micro Finance Scheme for women)Rashtriya Mahila Kosh

New Scheme for a Girl Child in India Reinforcing this idea, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched 'Sukanya SamriddhiAccount Scheme', a small savings scheme as a part of the 'Beti Bachao Beti Padhao' campaign.Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana

This (BBBP) Scheme was introduced in October, 2014 to address the issue of declining child sex ratio (CSR).

The Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao

In a path-breaking initiative, theMinister of Women and Child Development, Smt Maneka Sanjay Gandhi launched Mahila e-Haat, an online marketing platform for women in New Delhi today.Mahila e-Haatis a unique online platform where participants can display their products.

TheNational Commission for Women(NCW) is a statutory body of the Government of India, generally concerned with advising the government on all policy matters affectingwomen. It was established in January 1992 under the provisions of the Indian Constitution, as defined in the 1990National Commission for Women Act.

ROLE OF NGOsJust a few years after Independence, the Govt. set up the Central Social Welfare Board, an apex body of the voluntary sector that aids more than 10,000 NGOs across the country, helping women stand on their own through socio-economic programmes, vocational trainings and other similar programmes.

Initiatives by NGOs Mahila Seva SamitiNari Seva SanghaWomen Coordinating CouncilSatya Bharati Shakti-ShaliniNari Raksha SamitiMaitriShakti-Vahini Navjyoti These bodies are working to help women for different problems and also protest for womens right.

Beautiful Lines...

Specific Laws for Women Empowerment in India

The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976.The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961.The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956.The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961.The Medical termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971.The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987.The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006.The Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994.The Sexual Harassment of Women at Work Place (Prevention, Protection and) Act, 2013.

Fundamental Rights

Article 14 ensures to women the right to equality.Article 15(1) specifically prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex.Article 15(3) empowers the State to take affirmative actions in favour of women.Article 16 provides for equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office.

In 2007, women made up about 41 percent of total employment in agriculture globally.FAOs projections through 2010 indicate that of the percentage of economically active women in least developed countries, more than 70 percent work in agriculture.In developing countries, most womens work is devoted to agriculture. Women are involved in every stage of food production.A recent FAO survey found that female farmers receive only5 percent of all agricultural extension services worldwide.

FAO fact snapshots

Pioneers/success stories in field of Women Empowerment

The Lijjat Papad storyLijjat is a highly popular pappad brand in India. While many may remember the buck toothed bunny that appeared in their TV commercials, many may not be aware of the fact that its the power of rural women and their self-employment initiative, Shri Mahila Griha UdyogIts turnover from Rs 6,196 in the first year went upto Rs 300 crore in the next four decades 40,000 women on its revolutionary march. The story which reads almost like a fairy-tale chronicles the growth of an exclusive women's organizationJaywanti ben Popat, one of the women involved with this phenomenal spirit, was honored last year at the ET Awards for her outstanding achievementsThe Lijjat Papad story is an inspirational one

The Women VeterinariansIn India, it was in 1948, Madras Veterinary Collegeat Vepery, Chennai , opened its portal for admission togirls for the Bachelor of Veterinary Science course. Dr.Sakkubhai Ramachandran the first woman Vet of Indiagraduated in 1952 and later assumed many prestigiousposts and retired as Scientist from IVRI, Bangalore in1971. Following her foot steps, Dr. Pushpa Ranaparkhe,Dr. Amritha Patel and many stalwart lady vets haveshown the way to the youngsters and at present therehas been an increase in the number of girls preferringthis profession and it is estimated that there are morethan 3000 lady vets in the country registered withdifferent State Veterinary councils of India.

A village that plants 111 trees for every girl born in Rajasthan

One such village in southern Rajasthan's Rajsamand district is quietly practicing its own, homegrown brand of Ecofeminism and achieving spectacular results. For the last several years, Piplantri village panchayat has been saving girl children and increasing the green cover in and around it at the same time. Here, villagers plant 111 trees every time a girl is born and the community ensures these trees survive, attaining fruition as the girls grow up.

For her, toilets signify dignityImagine a village, an entire village that did not have a single toilet that even its women could hide behind. Not a make-shift toilet, not even a curtained area with a hole in the ground that could be disguised and used as a private area Nayak was appalled when she reached her husbands home - neither her in-laws house nor the entire village had a single toilet

Nayak tried hard, even knocking on the doors of government departments but in vain.Finally in 2011, Nayak who had lost neither the strength nor her grit came in contact with United Artists Association (UAA), a voluntary organisation that had partnered with non-governmental organisation Water Aid India for a project to curb open defecation in Puri district

Kabita NayakNow there are 116 toilets in the village. Every single house now boasts of its own toilet. It is a remarkable achievement with 98% of toilet coverage

Today, she is theSarpanch(elected head of the Village Council) in Soda village, Tonk district, Rajasthan and, is thefirst woman SarpanchinIndiawith anMBA degree.

Chhavi RajawatLady Sarpanch

She has to her credit improving the dwindling education and sex ratio levels of her villages.But she is more popular for the "unveiling" of her 'ghunghat'."With the backing of her mother-in-law and husband, she went against the grain and lifted her ghunghat amid 2,000 people from 25 neighbouring villagesSushma Bhadu

Reita Faria - Indias First BeautyQueenReita was the first Indian beauty to win the coveted Miss World title in 1966. She is a true epitome of beauty with brains who bought many laurels for our country. On winning the title, she was flooded with many Bollywood and modelling offers, but she decided to do what she had set her eyes on. She successfully completed her MBBS and eventually became a doctor. It was her childhood dream to help people and a career in medicine helped her fulfil this dream.

Savitribai Phule started Indias first school for girls.Savitribai Phule was married at the age of nine, and when she moved to Pune, she took with her a book that was given to her by a Christian missionary. After learning to read and write from her new husband Jotirao Phule, she changed the face of education in India forever. Aftertaking up training at Ms. Farars Institution at Ahmednagar and in Ms. Mitchells school in Pune, she became the first Indian woman to become a teacher, and opened up the first school for girls in India in 1848.

Sarojini Naidu the Nightingale of India.

Naidu, who was an activist and a poet, was the first governor of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh for two years, and was also the first woman governor of an Indian state. Adding to that, she was the first Indian woman to become the president of the Indian National Congress, a major political party in India. She was also one of the only women to take part in theSatyagrahamovement, and participated in the Round table conference with Mahatma Gandhi and Madan Mohan Malaviya.

Ekta KapoorFounder, Joint Managing Director & Creative Director Balaji Telefilms

Since then she has set a strong example by completing 15,000 hours of television content. Followed by the success of many serials & hit movies, this power woman ranks among the top business tycoons of India. After the immediate success of a show in 2000, Ekta expanded wings and Balaji became public limited company and merged with Nine Network Entertainment India Pvt. Ltd. Today Balaji owns three more subsidiaries- Motion Pictures, ALT Entertainment & BOLT Media Limited and has net income of US$1.6 million.

The queen of Indian television industry, this woman specializes in wearing many hats in one life, director, producer & capitalist. She is a businesswoman who added new heights to Indian television, that too at a very young age. Ekta started her entrepreneurial journey with Balaji in November 1994 when she was just 19.

She became thefirst woman Prime Minister of Indiaand served from 1966 to 1977. Indira Gandhi was named as the "Woman of the Millennium" in a poll which was organised by BBC in 1999. In 1971, she became thefirst woman to receive the Bharat Ratna award.

Indira Gandhi

Not to Forget...... Every Indian mother

While there are several women who go on to perform wellin their chosen fields outside their homes, there are manywho sit at home and still ownthe world. The last, but definitely not the least, every Indian mother is anachiever we just cannot leaveout.

International Women's Day- 8 March.Women In Agriculture Day- 4 December.International Day of Women and Girls in Science 11 February.International Widows Day- 23 June.Women Equality day-26 August International day of Girl Child- 11 October.International day of Rural Women- 15 OctoberInternational day for the elimination of Violence against women- 25 November

The Government of India declared 2001 as the Year of Womens Empowerment (Swashakti) *Data collected by observant from US Nations

Days For Women

ConclusionThe role of women outside the home has become an important feature of the social and economic life of the country and in the years to come this will become still more significant. From this point of view, greater attention will have to be paid to the problems of training and development of women. The education of girls, therefore, should be emphasized not only on grounds of social justice but also because it accelerates social transformation. Promotingwomen education is a challenging task and it required multipronged efforts for a solution.This burning issue is being aggravated by socio-economic, psychological and other factors most of which are age-old and deep-rooted in our society. Since the practice dies hard, social ethos and superstitions are emotionally surcharged, it is very difficult to tackle these problems easily. But with a strong determination, commitment, and involvement of people and organizations with philanthropic motive and a rational outlook, this problem can be solved and hurdled be overcome for promoting national rejuvenation and development.