csci-370/eeng-480 computer networks

New York Institute of Technology

Engineering and Computer Sciences

Kazi Fall 2007 CSCI 370/EENG 480 1

CSCI-370/EENG-480

Computer Networks

Khurram Kazi




Examining the Optical Transport Networks Standards and Their Impact on Next Generation Networks




Vision Of Optical Transport Networking

GOAL: To provide a flexible, scalable, and robust Optical Transport Network, catering to an expanding variety of client signals with equally varied service requirements (flexibility, scalability, and survivability coupled with bit-rate and protocol independence).

Optical Transport Network (OTN)

SONET/SDH

PDHATM

IP, “Next Big Thing”

1/10/100 Gigabit Ethernet




“Idealized” Optical Network

Attributes:• Channels start anywhere, end

anywhere (i.e. no per-wavelength engineering rules due to noise accumulation effects, vendor-specific wavelength plans)

• Channels are format and bit-rate independent

• Wavelength conversion (interchange) to minimize stranded capacity

• Access to optical layer for embedded base

• Support for multi-vendor environment

• Easy upgrade (add bandwidth on demand)

But, How to manage this network ?




There are Issues with idealized vision! Expectation for Transparency of the Optical Layer -

Support for legacy and Emerging Formats in the network - PDH, SONET/SDH, ATM, GbE, IP, GFP ….

To Network Optical Channels requires an ability to Manage Optical Channels

Optical layer OAM&P (Operations, Administration, Maintenance & Provisioning) information will be needed to support Optical Networking applications

OAM is supported in form of Optical Layer “overhead”




How Did We Get to This Point:Some SONET/SDH Basics

In SONET/SDH the networking levels are STS/HOVC and VT/LOVC path layers

The Section+Line/RS+MS levels are neither intended nor designed to support networking Only to support monitoring of, and fault localization within, a repeatered

line. SONET/SDH signals are defined in a period in which most operators were

governmental like organizations One per country

SONET/SDH signals are defined initially under the assumption that the path endpoints are owned by the operator

Services supported by SONET/SDH networks were considered to be PDH services DS1, E1, E3, DS3, E4




Marketplace Evolved

After some years the customers wanted to own the SONET/SDH path endpoints To benefit from the more extensive quality of service (i.e.

monitoring) capabilities As an "afterthought", one level of TCM was added to the

SONET/SDH path signal specifications

Operator organizations got privatised, and many new operator organizations entered the marketplace Bandwidth is leased from each other in an extensive way Two levels of of overhead per path signal is now rather

limited




Technology Evolved

WDM technology became available, and is deployed to get around fiber shortage The initial WDM line systems were offering essentially "virtual fibers" to

the SONET/SDH network Optical fabric technology became available recently, and will be added to the

networks to provide flexible interconnect between WDM line systems, SONET/SDH terminals and Data equipment (IP Routers, Ethernet Switches, ATM Switches). The signals routed around are SONET/SDH and GbE signals, with a strong

claim of being fully transparent transported. These SONET/SDH and GbE section level signals are not designed to

support path layer characteristics, as is now required. They (unsolicited) "upgraded" to path level signals, due to the addition of optical fabric equipment to the network.

From day one, the endpoints of these signals can be owned by the customer, leaving the operator without any overhead to verify the performance of its transport.




Technology Evolved More and more customers own the endpoints of

SONET/SDH signals and require transparent transport of all bits in the signal.

This makes it impossible to "steal" some bits in the frame for the operators business for OAMP.




Do we have all Optical Networks?

Network is all not optical Optical implies, analogue impairments are back in town Every X hundred/thousand kilometers signals must be regenerated

The network looks more optical than before, while the regenerator spacing increased significantly Since the mid-80's regenerator spacing has increased from

about 1.5 km (565 Mbit/s coax) via 40/80/120 km (SONET/SDH) to 500/1000/4000 km ((ultra) long haul terrestrial WDM)

Optical amplifiers are deployed at intermediate points in these spans, instead of electrical regenerators

Strong forward error correction codes are added to the original SONET/SDH signal in the regenerators to get the long regenerator spacing




Do we have all Optical Networks? Regenerators in a WDM network will also appear

At the edges of administrative domainsProviding well defined hand-off points to the next operator or

customer Around Optical Fabrics

Compensating for the incurred loss when going through the fabric (connectors, bridge & selector, MEMs)

The SONET/SDH signal is wrapped into this strong FEC signal

Bit rate of the signal is increased




Alternative "OTN"

If one ignores the transparency requirement of some customers for a moment, the minimum processing in a regenerator can be defined to be: termination of FEC frame and error correction termination of SONET/SDH Section/RS overhead termination of SONET/SDH Line/MS overhead forwarding of STS/AUG bitstream insertion of new SONET/SDH Line/MS overhead insertion of new SONET/SDH Section/RS overhead insertion of new FEC frame and FEC code

If needed, also STS/HOVC tandem connection overhead can be processed (either terminated, or terminated and re-inserted, or inserted). If single instance is available and not owned by somebody else




Alternative "OTN"

The regenerator circuits around optical fabric equipment may add to the above set of processes: the TDM muxing process to create higher rate aggregate

SONET/SDH signals or, the inverse process in which a higher rate service signal

is "de-aggregated" to be transported via multiple lower rate SONET/SDH signals

and vice versa in the other direction

If SONET/SDH cross connect equipment is extended with multi wavelength interfaces, it would function as electrical fabric equipment.




Alternative "OTN"

The above processing would result in a SONET/SDH network extended with Additional SONET/SDH "path level repeater" equipment

(two LTEs back to back)" Multi wavelength interfaces (OC-N, STM-N)

Providing virtual fibers An Optical Section Connection (OS_C) function,

Management of the virtual fiber group signal transport can be implemented by means of the addition of a supervisory signal like defined in G.709




"BUT..."

But the transparent transport of SONET/SDH signals is one of the key requirements so far We can not ignore it... So, the SONET/SDH processing described in the above

regenerator circuit is not an acceptable level of processing… Unless the transparent transport requirement is dropped… And thus the new applications behind it are dropped...

Wouldn't this cause a status quo then? I.e. No enhancements in transport networking any longer, Fiber leasing only, instead of virtual fiber leasing

to other operators and customers building their own networks ...




OTN Characteristics:" New transport networking layer (carrier grade solution)

Next step (after SDH/SONET) to support ever growing data driven needs for bandwidth and emergence of new broadband servicesTerrabit/second per fiber via DWDM lines (transport level)Gigabit/second paths at 2.5 Gb/s, 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s (networking

level) Service transparency for SDH/SONET, ETHERNET, ATM, IP,

MPLS No change of SDH/SONET!One exception; interpretation of STM-LOF alarm + STM-AIS

due to OTN fail Enhanced OAM & networking functionality for all services Shortest physical layer stack for data services (IP OTN Fiber)




OTN Characteristics Gigabit level bandwidth granularity required to

scale and manage multi-Terabit networksWavelength level switching maximizes nodal

switching capacity, the gating factor for reconfigurable network capacity

Avoids very large numbers of fine granularity pipes that stress network planning, administration, survivability, and management




OTN Specifications: Where are They Being Developed? ITU Study Groups involved:

SG13 ‘General Network Aspects’: WP3WP4

SG15 ‘Transport networks, systems and equipment’WP3WP4

SG4 “Network Management” Optical Inter-networking Forum; OIF Internet Engineering Task Force; IETF Regional standards - ANSI and ETSI




OTN Architecture

Rec. G.872 “Architecture of optical transport network” (approved in Feb ‘99 and is currently being revised)

It describes the functional architecture of optical transport network using the methodology of ITU-T Rec.G.805.

It also defines : Definition of generic requirements for management of OTN A phased approach for interworking to ensure smooth

transition




OTN Sub-network

Optical Optical ClientClient

NE NE

OChOAM

OChOAM

OTN Sub-network

Optical Optical ClientClient

NENENE

m

n

OChOAM

OChOAM

OTN Client Connections, Wavelengths & Optical Channels

OTN Client Connection:OTN Client Connection: An “end-to-end” Optical Transport Network service between optical clients, which may cross multiple OTN sub-networks, may traverse multiple Optical Channels, and may reside within multiple successive wavelengths

Wavelength:Wavelength: A particular frequency (1..n) within multiplexed optical signal

Optical Channel (OCh):Optical Channel (OCh): A network engineering and administration construct, supplying a portion of an OTN client connection. The OCh creates an “optical path” out of one or more concatenated wavelengths, with associated OAM.




Building a New Transport Networking Tech

What does Optical Networking (really)? Transport Networking at a new level of granularity:

the Optical Channel (OCh) LevelManage frequency-slots (OCh’s, single or multiple

s) instead of time-slots (e.g., VC-3/4’s) Ability to Manage Optical Channels Include Optical layer OAM&P (Operations,

Administration, Maintenance & Provisioning) information needed to support Optical Transport Networking applications

OAM&P is supported in form of Optical Layer overheads




Building OTN Tech with O/E/O Objectives

Minimise O/E/O processing in OTN O/E/O processing at edges of administrative/vendor (sub)domains

Span engineering O/E/O processing at edges of protected or switched domain

Span engineering (short/long route effects)Signal Fail & Signal Degrade condition determination

If more than 1 optical transparent subnetwork is included

O/E/O processing at intermediate pointsSpan engineering (long line sections)Losses in optical fabrics

O/E & E/O processing around electrical fabric




G.709 - Interfaces for the OTN G.709 specifies two sets of OTM-n interfaces:

OTM interfaces to be used when interconnecting equipment of two different operators, of an operator and a user, or of two different vendors

OTM interfaces to be used when interconnecting equipment of the same vendor

These interfaces support the: Performance needs of future optical networks Development of cost effective optical networks Ability to interconnect optical network equipment of different vendors

and/or operators Ability to forward the service signal (i.e. ODUk or client)

Furthermore: G.709 supports fault management and performance monitoring as needed in

the current competitive marketplace with many operators and high quality demanding customers

G.709 is the basis of the new "managed wavelength services"




In Depth Coverage of G.709




OTN Containment Relationships

Optical Transport Module

OPSn

OCh Optical Channel

Optical Channel CarrierOCC OCC OCC

Client

OTUk FECOH OCh Transport Unit

ODUkOH OCh Data Unit

OPUkOH OCh Payload Unit

Wra

pp

er

Ass

ocia

ted

over

hea

d

OPS0

Optical Physical Section

OTM Overhead Signal

Optical Supervisory ChannelOSCOOS

OSC

OH

OH

OH

Non

-ass

ocia

ted

ove

rhea

d

OMSn

OTSn

Optical Multiplex Section

Optical Transmission Section




OTN Layer Network Trails

Example of OTSn, OMSn, OCh, OTUk, ODUk, OPS0 trails Transport of STM-N signal via OTM-0, OTM-n and STM-N lines

DXC 3R3R

3R

OTSn OTSn OTSn OTSn OTSnOMSn OMSn OMSn

STM-NODUk

Client

Client

3R

DXC

OPS0 OSn

OT

M-0

OT

M-n

ST

M-N

OCXC

OCADMLT R R LT

LT Line Terminal w/ optical channel multiplexingOCADM Optical Channel Add/Drop MultiplexerOCXC Optical Channel Cross-Connect3R O/E/O w/ Reamplification, Reshaping & Retiming and monitoringR Repeater

OCh, OTUk OCh, OTUkOCh, OTUk




OTN: Network Management Issues

Carrier CCarrier BCarrier A

OTN ClientConnection

ClientClient

OCh-TC OCh-TC OCh-TC

OCh-P

OCh-S OCh-S

Interface Interface Interface Interface

•Integrity of client signal across interfaces•Autonomous management within a domain (at all layers)•Standardized management structure across interfaces




Client Signal and Wrapper Frame Structure

Client Signal

STM, ATM, IP GbEClient Signal

STM, ATM, IP GbE

OCh Layer

OMS Layer

OTS Layer

OCh Layer

OMS Layer

OTS Layer

OChOAM

OCh Payload(client signal)

FECData




Digitally Wrapped OCh Frame Structure

OChOAM


FECData

4080 columns

4rows

Frame size: 4 rows (bytes) x 4080 columns (bytes)

Frame structure includes OPU, ODU, and OTU. Frame transmission: from left to right Overheads used for path, tandem connection (TC) and section management FEC helps extend the reach length.

1 16 17 3824 3825 4080

SONET/SDHSONET/SDH ATMATM PDHPDH IPIP GbEGbE GFPGFP




Features of Digitally Encapsulated OCh Frames Digital encapsulation of frames enable “virtual

transparency” (service transparency) Releases the Optical Network from SONET/SDH

dependency Allows for end-to-end Optical Transport Networking

solutions

Forward Error Correction for increased distance Performance Monitoring: ideal for native data services and

lease of wavelengths applications Signaling for optical channel routing and optical layer

protection and restoration




Building Blocks of Wrapped Frame:OPU, ODU and OTU Information Structures

ODU: OCh Data Unit OCC: Optical Channel Carrier (a tributary slot in OTM-n)

OPU: Optical channel Payload Unit OMS: Optical Multiplex Section

OTM: Optical Transport Module OTS: Optical TransmissionOTU: OCh Transport Unit OCG: Optical Carrier Group n: represents number of wavelengths, m : represents bit rate

OTM-n.m

OPUOPU ODUODU OTUOTU

Wrapper

ADAPTER MUX

n

OMU-n.mOTSOH

OTSOH

ClientClient1

.

.

....SONET/SDH, IP

ATM, GbE, . . .

Client

OChOCh OCCOCC

OCC

.

.

.OCG-n.m

+OMSOH

OCG-n.m

+OMSOH




Optical Channel Payload Unit:OPU Frame Structure

Client signal is mapped into OPU payload area at fixed rate * in floating mode (no pointer)

OPU overheads: payload and mapping specific* recommended rate: 2.48832 Gb/s (OPU1), 9.95328 Gb/s (OPU2), 39.81312 Gb/s (OPU3)

1

2

3

4

2 3Row

Column

OPU Payload Area(4 x 3808 bytes)

1

Client SignalSTM, IP, ATM, GbE, . . .

OPUOH

3810

Client SignalSTM, IP, ATM, GbE





Optical Channel Data Unit:ODU Frame Structure

ODU Frame size: 4 rows x 3824 columns (bytes) ODU overhead are used for path and TC OAM&P OPU is mapped within ODU payload in a locked mode 1st Row of ODU overhead is for Frame alignment & OTU Overhead

1

2

3

4

2 14Row

Column

ODU Payload Area(4 x 3824 bytes)

1


ODU Overhead Area

3824

OPU (4 x 3810)

15…..

ODU Payload




Optical Channel Transport Unit:OTU Frame Structure

OTU Frame size: 4 rows x 4080 columns (bytes) Forward Error Correction (FEC): RS(255, 239) code and 14 bytes of overhead (bytes 1 - 7 are for frame alignment)

ODU is mapped within OTU payload in a locked mode OTU overheads are used for OCh section management

1

2

3

4

14Row

Column

ODU Payload Area(4 x 3824 bytes)

1 3824

ODU (4 x 3824)

15

Optical Transport Unit Payload

Mode Locked

OUT FECRS(255,239)4 x 256 bytes

3825 4080

FA OH OTUk OH




OPU/ODU/OTU Bit Rates:

Signal Type Nominal Bit Rate (Kb/s)

Bit Rate Tolerance Approx. Period

OPU1 2 488 320 +/- 20 ppm 48.971 s

OPU2 238/237 * 9 953 280 +/- 20 ppm 12.191 s

OPU3 238/236 * 39 813 120 +/- 20 ppm s

ODU1 239/238 * 2 488 320 +/- 20 ppm 48.971 s

ODU2 239/237 * 9 953 280 +/- 20 ppm 12.191 s

ODU3 239/236 * 39 813 120 +/- 20 ppm s

OTU1 255/238 * 2 488 320 +/- 20 ppm 48.971 s

OTU2 255/237 * 9 953 280 +/- 20 ppm 12.191 s

OTU2 255/236 * 39 813 120 +/- 20 ppm s




ODU/OTU Frame Alignment

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

FAS OH Byte 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

FAS OH Byte 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

FAS OH Byte 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

FAS OH Byte 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

FAS OH Byte 5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

FAS OH Byte 6

OA1 OA1 OA1 OA2 OA2 OA2

OA1: 11110110 OA2: 00101000 => 0xF6F6F6 282828

MultiFrame Alignment Signal (MFAS) may be used for 2-frame, 4-frame, …. 256-

frame MultiFrame structures

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

MFAS OH Byte

:0000 00000000 00010000 00100000 00110000 0100

::

1111 11101111 11110000 00000000 0001

:

MF

AS

sequence

76

ODUk OH

1

4080

FA MFAS OTUk OH

OPUkOH

Payload (client Signal) FEC

15 16 3824

4




OPUk Overheads Used for Client Mapping1

4080

15 16 3824

4

PSI: payload Structure Identifier JC (bits 7 & 8): Justification Control, 2/3

majority vote in justification decision in demapping

NJO: Negative justification Opportunity PJO: Positive Justification Opportunity

Hex Code Payload Type 01 Exp. Mapping 02 Async. STM-N mapping 03 Bit Sync STM-n mapping 04 ATM mapping 05 GFP mapping 10 Bit stream with octet timing mapping 11 Bit stream w/o octet timing mapping ….. FD NULL test signal mapping FE PRBS test signal mapping

ODUk OH

FA MFAS OTUk OH RES

RES

RES

PSI

JC

JC

JC

NJO PJO

Payload (client Signal)FEC




Asynchronous and Bit Synchronous Mapping

Using additional byte for payload

ODUk OH

FA MFAS

OTUk OH RES

RESRES

PSI

JC

JCJC

NJO PJO

Payload (client Signal)slightly slow! FEC

PJO;Byte Stuffing

ODUk OH

FA MFAS

OTUk OH RES

RESRES

PSI

JC

JCJC

NJO

Payload (client Signal)exact match! FEC

Exact rate

ODUk OH

FA MFAS

OTUk OH RES

RESRES

PSI

JCJC

Payload (client Signal)slightly faster! FECJC

JC

Once per frame, it is possible to perform +ve or -ve justification




Mapping of CBR 2.5 Gb/s Signal Into OPU1

ODUk OH

FA MFAS OTUk OH RES

RES

RES

PSI

JC

JC

JC

NJO PJO

Payload (client Signal)FEC

15 16


3824

Client Signal

17

OPU1

2.48832 Gb/s 20 ppm

Groups of 8 successive bits (not necessarily being a byte) of CBR2G5 signal are mapped into Payload of the OPU1

Once per OPU1 frame, it is possible to perform either a positive or a negative justification action




Mapping of CBR 10 Gb/s Signal into OPU2

ODUk OH

FA MFAS OTUk OH RES

RES

RES

PSI

JC

JC

JC

NJO PJO

15 16


3824

Client Signal

17

OPU2

9.95328 Gb/s 20 ppm

Groups of 8 successive bits (not necessarily being a byte) of the 10 Gb/s signal are mapped into Payload of the OPU2

64 Fixed Stuff (FS) bytes are added in columns 1905 to 1920


16FS FEC

1905

1920

Payload Payload




Mapping of CBR40 Gb/s Signal into OPU3

ODUk OH

FA MFAS OTUk OH RES

RES

RES

PSI

JC

JC

JC

NJO PJO

15 16


3824

Client Signal

17

OPU3

39.81312 Gb/s 20 ppm

Groups of 8 successive bits (not necessarily being a byte) of the 40 Gb/s signal are mapped into Payload of the OPU3

128 Fixed Stuff (FS) bytes are added in columns 1265 to 1280 & 2545 to 2560


16FS

1265

1280

Payload Payload 16FS FECPayload

2544

2560




Mapping of ATM Cells into OPUk

ODUk OH

FA MFAS OTUk OH

15 16 3824 17

OPUk…..

FEC

… ……………………………...

ATM Cells

OP

Uk

OH

A constant bit rate ATM cell stream with a capacity that is identical to OPUk payload area is created by multiplexing ATM cells from a set of ATM VP signals

Rate adaptation is performed as a part of this cell stream creation process by either idle cells or by discarding cells

ATM Cell boundaries are aligned with OPUk payload byte boundaries

HEC framing is used on the recovering of the ATM cells




Mapping of IP or Ethernet Into OPUk using GFP

ODUk OH

FA MFAS OTUk OH

15 16 3824 17

OPUk…..

Variable Length GFP Frames

OP

Uk

OH

…...………………………

… .…...

FEC

GFP Idle

A new protocol is being defined: Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)

Encapsulation for packet based client signals (e.g, IP or Ethernet)

no need for SDH or 10 G Ethernet to encapsulate IP

Mapping of GFP frames is performed by aligning the byte structure of every GFP frame with the byte structure of the OPUk payload.

A GFP frame consists of a GFP header and a GFP payload area; frame size varies from 4 to 65535 bytes




Generic Framing Procedure

Frame Multiplexing:On a frame-by-frame basis. When no frames are waiting, idle frames are inserted.

Frame Delineation Algorithm:Based on detection of correct cHEC. PLI is used to find the start of the next frame

Frame Multiplexing:On a frame-by-frame basis. When no frames are waiting, idle frames are inserted.

Frame Delineation Algorithm:Based on detection of correct cHEC. PLI is used to find the start of the next frame

PLIPLI

cHECcHEC

Payload Area

FCS(optional)

0000

cHECcHEC

GFP Frame

Idle Frame

Up to 65535bytes

PLI: PDU Length Indicator

cHEC: Core - Header Error Control

FSC: Frame Check Sequence




ASTN/ASON ArchitectureASTN/ASON Architecture

Key concepts: Logical separation of transport and control, 3 types of logical interfaces

RA

RARA

View in slide show modeMANAGEMENT PLANE

TRANSPORT PLANE

CONTROL PLANEUNI

MS MS

OXC

OXC

OXC

OXC

OXC

OXC

OXC

OXC

CCCC

CC

CC

CC

CC

CC

I-NNI E-NNI

RequestAgent

ConnectionController




Distributed Control Plane Protocols Key Elements

MPLS-based signaling protocols for distributed connection management RSVP-TE based for UNI, CR-LDP based for I/E-NNI

Routing protocols for topology and resource update OSPF-TE for intra-domain, O-BGP for inter-domain

Protocol Interaction Examples Switched Connections

Request Agent (RA) initiates connection setup via UNI (RSVP-TE based) signaling

Routing takes place via OSPF-TE and O-BGP Connection Controllers (CC) communicate via NNI (CR-LDP based) signaling

Soft Permanent Connections Management Plane initiates connection setup Routing takes place via OSPF and BGP CC communicate via NNI (CR-LDP based) signaling




An Animation is worth a million words...An Animation is worth a million words...

UNI

RA

RARA

OXC

OXC

OXC

OXC

OXC

OXC

OXC

OXC

CCCC

CC

CC

CC

CC

CC

I-NNI E-NNI

Switched Connections

Soft Permanent Connections

RSVP-TE

User Initiates Connection Setup

OSPF-TE O-BGP OSPF-TERouting functions (OSPF-TE + O-BGP) find path

CR-LDP

NNI Signaling for cross-connect setup

RSVP-TE

End-user notified

Connection Controllers signal to complete cross connects

End-to-end Connection Established

MS MS

Management System Initiates Connection SetupOSPF-TE O-BGP OSPF-TE

Routing functions (OSPF-TE + O-BGP) find path

CR-LDP

NNI Signaling for cross-connect setupConnection Controllers signal to complete cross connects

End-to-end Connection Established

View in slide show mode




End-End Intelligent Transport Networking Solution

•Multi-operator interoperability provided via open UNI and E-NNI interfaces. •Will enable the service provider to accept requests for bandwidth on demand from its customers connected to the metro access and/or metro core, connecting with transport backbone network providers to make true end-to-end bandwidth on demand a reality all the way to the access node.




NN Distributed Routing Control Nodes

Keep Local Routing Tables Exchange Routing

Information Via Routing Protocols

Keep Network Capacity Inventory

Perform Topology Discovery Perform Routing Algorithms

Restoration Schemes Use Embedded Network

Intelligence to Offer Mesh Based Restoration

LocalRoutingTable

LocalRoutingTable

LocalRoutingTable

LocalRoutingTable

LocalRoutingTable

NN: Network Navigator




OSM requests Optical Channel from ONN

ONN establishes end-to-end Och Connection

OSM configures client devices

True End-to-End Service is Established

WavelengthServiceProvisioning

Optical NetworkNavigator

Operator Selects:•End Points for Optical Channel•Service Level Agreement (SLA) Parameters•Optical Path Characteristics•Restoration Type•Billing Options– etc.

Optical Network Topology View

Optical Services Manager

(OSM)




NN Real-Time Provisioning

Fast Provisioning of High Capacity Services

Eliminates Order Backlog

Automatic Resource Management Optimal Topology Transport Traffic

Engineering

ProvisioningSystem

Router

Router

CompanyLocation B

CompanyLocation A




Dynamic Trunking

When utilization threshold is reached, or traffic patterns change client devices request a new trunk

In response to request OSM provisions a new Optical Path

AA

BB

CC

Router B is bogged down with

A C traffic!

All trunks are OK.


Optical Services Manager

(OSM)

Provision new, direct trunk between Routers A

& C




Router

Router

Router

CompanyLocation A

CompanyLocation B

CompanyLocation C

MeshProtection

1+1 NetworkProtection

Un-ProtectedTraffic

Survivability tailored for each application 0x1 (for traffic protected at the

service layer) 1+1 Mesh

QoS as a Protection Option Choose your option; e.g., unprotected,

1+1, mesh, etc. Mesh Restoration - “The New Trend in Optical

Network Restoration” Effective use of network resources Minimizes wasted capacity needed for

protection Flexible Versatile

Network Survivability




Optical VPNEach customer gets their own Optical “Virtual Private Network” through a web GUI

Customer can: • View own network • Create connections• Monitor their status• Request new end-points• Request more capacity

Network provider can: • Create VPN• Add/delete end-points• Modify allocated connections• Monitor VPN status• Bill


Optical Services Manager (OSM)


Customer WS




External Fora - Control Plane Specifications

ITU-T

ITU-T SG 13 & 15

Q10/13, Q12/15,Q14/15

ASTN/ASON requirements,architecture, and control planespecifications (discovery, signaling,data comm network)

ANSIT1X1 Establishment of recommendations

and positions into internationalstandards

IETF MPLS,CCAMP, IPOWGs

Extensions to IP-based routing andsignaling protocol specifications forASTN, including architecture andrequirementsIETF

IETF TE WG Traffic engineering approaches for IPlayer networks, includingsurvivability

OIFOIF Architecture,Signaling, OAMWGs

Control plane architecture andsignaling specifications for signalingUNI




Automatically Switched Transport Network (ASTN)

Refers to set of draft Recs. related to distributed control of transport networks G.807, Architecture of the Automatically Switched Transport

Network G.ason, Architecture of the Automatically Switched Optical

Network G.dcm, Distributed Connection Management G.disc, Automatic Neighbor and Service Discovery

Targeted at any type of circuit-switched network; initial focus: SDH/SONET OTN

Addresses single-provider, multi-provider, and user-provider application domains




Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Refers to set of drafts related to “IP-based Optical Control”

GMPLS (extension of MPLS-TE) Signaling Functional Spec. for CR-LDP and RSVP-TE

G-MPLS Architecture Link Management Protocol (LMP) Link Bundling in MPLS Traffic Engineering OSPF/ISIS Extensions to GMPLS Extension of MPLS-TE model

Targeted at different types of “Label Switch Routers” PSC (Packet Switch Capable) interface SONET/SDH-based (w/wo DWDM) LSC (Lambda Switch Capable) interface FSC (Fiber/Lambda Group Switch Capable) interface

Currently focused upon single provider application domain

csci-370/eeng-480 computer networks

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