cstm 301 - management & organization management learning past to present
TRANSCRIPT
CstM 301 - Management & Organizationmanagement learning past to
present
classical management…
classical approaches
assumption: people are rational
scientific management
Frederick Taylor
administrative principle
Henri Fayol
bureaucratic organization
Max Weber
scientific management…four guiding action principles…
•develop for every job a “science”
•carefully select workers
•carefully train workers & provide incentives
•support workers through planning
motion studiesFrederick Taylor
administrative principles…
rules or duties of management
•foresight•organization•command•coordination•control
Henri Fayol
bureaucratic organization…
Max Weber
defining characteristics•clear division of labor•clear hierarchy of authority•formal rules and procedures•impersonality•careers based on merit
behavioral management…
human resource approaches
assumption: people are social & self-actualizing
hawthorne studies
Elton Mayo
theory of human needs
Abraham Maslov
personality and organization
Chris Argyris
organizations as communities
Mary Parker Follett
theory x and theory y
Douglas McGregor
organizations as communities…
managers & workers labor in harmony• no domination• freedom to talk• reconcile conflicts
combine talents for the greater good
managers job…• help people cooperate• achieve integration of efforts
Mary Parker Follett
the hawthorne studies…
original purpose of studysocial setting & human relations• group atmosphere• participative supervision
employee attitudes & group processes• negative & positive impact
lessons learned• the hawthorne effect• human relations movement
Elton Mayo
theory of human needs…self-actualizing needs
highest level: need for self-fulfillment; to grow & use abilities to fullest & most creative extent
esteem needsneed for esteem in the eyes of others; need for respect, prestige, recognition; need for self-esteem, personal sense of competence, mastery
social needsneed for love, affection, sense of belongingness in one’s relationships with other people
safety needsneed for security, protection and stability in the events of day-to-day life
physiological needsmost basic need of all human needs; need for biological maintenance; food, water & physical well-being
theory x & theory y…
theory x assumes people…•dislike work•lack ambition•act irresponsibly•prefer to be led
theory y assumes people…•are willing to work•like responsibility•are self-directed & creative
self-fulfilling prophecy…Douglas McGregor
theory of adult personality…
highest productivity is a result of…• treating people positively• as responsible adults
mismatch between managementpractice & mature adult personalities…• absenteeism• turnover• apathy alienation• low morale
Chris Argyris
modern management…
modern approaches
assumption: maybe there’s another way…
quantitative analysis &
tools
organizations as systems
contingency thinking
quality management
knowledge management
evidence-based
management
quantitative analysis & tools…
organizations as systems…
contingency thinking…
changing & complex
stable & uncomplicated
environment
flexible structures work well
bureaucratic structures work well
quality management…
w. edwards demming• total quality management
joseph juran• continuous improvement• iso certification
knowledge management & organizational learning…
intellectual capital
change and improve
evidence-based management…
four sources of information:
practitioner expertise & judgment
evidence from the local context
critical evaluation of best available research data
perspective of those impacted by decision