cultural communication barriers week 3
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CULTURAL COMMUNICATION BARRIERS Week 3. Matakuliah: V0052 Tahun : 2008. Learning Outcomes. On completion of this unit, the students should be able to identify and recognize major barriers to effective cross-cultural communication. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CULTURAL COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
Week 3
Matakuliah : V0052Tahun : 2008
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Learning Outcomes
On completion of this unit, the students should be able to identify and recognize major barriers to effective cross-cultural communication.Mahasiswa dapat mengidentifikasikan dan mengenali jenis-jenis hambatan pada komunikasi antar budaya.
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Subjects
•Language•The influence of culture on
communication•Non-verbal communication
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Week 3
Seven Barriers to Cross Cultural Communication
1. Language2. Influence of culture on
communication3. Non-verbal communication4. Preconceptions and stereotypes5. Tendency to make judgements6. High level of stress7. Workplace issue
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Week 3
LANGUAGE
Skills for language competency
Read Write Listen Speak
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Week 3
LANGUAGE
Reducing the language barrier• Be aware of the difficulties caused by slang,
colloquialisms, idioms• Speak clearly and simply at a normal volume• Be prepared to clarify meanings (both yours and
theirs)• Check to establish that all parties understand• Be aware of your own communication style• Avoid humor and sarcasm
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Australian Use of English• Speak quickly/accents• Use slang/colloquialisms/idioms• May use humor or sarcasm• Assume that you are understood because people smile and
say yes• Use of tag questions• Use of double negatives• Broken English• Raise the voice if not understood the first time• Abbreviations
Week 3
LANGUAGE
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GROUP DISCUSSION• How do Indonesians use English in a way that
causes problems for the overseas customers?• How about: American?• British?• Singaporean?• Japanese?
Week 3LANGUAGE
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Week 3
INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON COMMUNICATION
• Politeness and respect• Expression of emotion, disharmony
and loudness• Apologies• Greetings• Names• Face or self-respect• Social status
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• Politeness and respect– What are the 2 most used words that
show politeness ..
PLEASE THANK YOU
– Are there any rules regarding their use?– Do we expect everyone in our society to
use these terms?
Week 3
INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON COMMUNICATION
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• Expression of emotion, disharmony and loudness– E.g. Australians tend to be direct in their
communication and will display emotions– Some Asian and Pacific peoples may interpret any
open display of emotions as a lack of self-discipline and poor taste
Week 3
INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON COMMUNICATION
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• Apologies– The rules governing politeness
and apologies vary greatly in different cultures
– Australians tend to apologize more frequently than some other cultural groups
Week 3
INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON COMMUNICATION
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• Greeting and Small Talk– Australians tend to ask “How are you?”
and make comments on the weather– Other cultural groups may ask “Have
you eaten already?” or Where have you been?”
– Asians when being friendly will ask “Are you married?” – “How old are you?”
Week 3
INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON COMMUNICATION
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• Names– Naming systems will vary between cultures– Ask the guest how to address them Example:
• Malay– Male = Asmi bin Ahmad (“bin” means “son of”
Ahmad)– Female = Suraya binti Ahmad (“binti” means
“daughter of”)
• Chinese– Leem See Sing
Lim is the family name. Many will add a Western first name (James Lim) or reverse the order of their Chinese name whilst living in Australia.
Week 3
INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON COMMUNICATION
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• Face– Self-respect or face is often very important in
other cultural groups– It is important to avoid public criticism or
disagreement
• Social Status– In some culture, status (related to age,
education, wealth or position) governs relationships and behaviour to a much greater degree than in Australia.
Week 3
INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON COMMUNICATION
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Week 3
Non-Verbal Communication
• Approx. 65% communication is non-verbal communication
• Characteristics of non-verbal communication:– Non verbal communication exists– You can’t not communicate– Non-verbal communication is culture-bound– Transmits feeling and attitudes– Serves many functions– Ambiguous
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• Non-verbal communication transmit feelings and attitudesWithout being able to use words, people’s bodies generally express how they feel – nervous, embarrassed, friendly, angry, happy, etc.
• Non-verbal communication serves many functions– Repeating– Substituting– Complementing– Accenting– Regulating– Contradicting
Week 3
Characteristics of Non-Verbal Communication
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Kinesics and Paralinguistic
• Kinesics = the study of body language – involves analysis of posture, movement, facial expression, eye management gestures, proxemics (use of space – acceptable social distance when talking)
• Paralinguistic = rate of speech, volume, pitch, tone of voice – also effect communication
Week 3
Non-Verbal Communication
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Week 3Non-Verbal Behavior
Clothing
Non Verbal Behavior
Eye Contact
Social Distance
Facial Expression
Hand Gestures
Body Posture
Touching
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• Eye Contact– As an Anglo-Australian, to impress someone with your
honesty, you would probably look directly at the person while speaking
– In many cultures, however, lowered eyes indicate an attitude of respect, rather than admission of guilt
– Eye contact will also be affected by gender difference
Week 3
Non-Verbal Communication
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Week 3
Non-Verbal Behavior
• Facial Expression– Smiling has quite different functions in different
cultural context – Westerners are so used to equating it with friendliness, good humor, amusement.
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Week 3
Non-Verbal Behavior
• Distance– Intimate Distance
Skin contact and ranges out to about 18 inches
– Personal DistanceRanges from 18 inches to 4 feet
– Social DistanceRanges from 4 to 12 feet
– Public Distance Running outward from 12 feet
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• Social Distance– A casual conversation in Australia (polite and customary
distance) = approx. 2-4 feet from the other person – In Middle Eastern or Latin America cultures, in a casual
conversation you should stand very close – within a foot; purposefully breathe in the other person’s face as you talk
Week 3
Non-Verbal Behavior
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• Touching– When, where and how you touch others is
determined by many factors, such as age, sex, social setting, status difference and emotional climate
– Touch can communicate many messages:• Functional/professional (dental exam, haircut)• Social/polite (handshake)• Friendship/warmth (clap on back)• Love/Intimacy (some caresses, hugs)• Sexual arousal (some kisses)
Week 3
Non-Verbal Behavior
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• Hand Gestures– Most basic gestures may be
quite different in another cultural setting
– Pointing, waving goodbye – all can be the subject of misinterpretation
Week 3
Non-Verbal Behavior
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• Dress/ ClothingClothing conveys messages to the others:– Economic level/ background– Educational level/ background– Trustworthiness– Social position/ background– Level of sophistication– Level of success– Moral character
Week 3
Non-Verbal Behavior
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QUESTIONS?
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Review Questions 3
1. List the seven barriers to cross cultural communication
2. Name types of non-verbal behavior and give examples
3. How do you reduce the language barrier?
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Group Assignment for Week 4
Type of assignment : PresentationTopic : How non-verbal communication can be a barrier in intercultural communicationPresentation time : 10 minutes per groupNote : Presentation should be typed on A4 size paper
using times new roman or arial font 12