Paddy Straw – burnt on fields

Satellite picture of Punjab (Oct)

CVC - 2nd GENERATION BIO-Ethanol plants in india WITH Feedstock of paddY Straw & cotton stalks

Cotton Stalks – burnt on fields

IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT

Why CELLULOSIC Ethanol in India

Bio- Ethanol blending in Petrol : to achieve E10, by 2017, would require 3,000 million liters/year of Bio Ethanol, which cannot be met from molasses (after providing for demand from potable alcohol & chemical industrty). Furthermore upto 7.7% Bio- Ethanol blending in Diesel has been succesfully showcased by KSBDB , covering more than 1000 buses in 22 depots of KSRTC (Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation)

Increased incomes of Farmers (Paddy/ Cotton) + Sugar Mills will benefit from increased revenues (through sale of agriculture residues & compost reducing chemical fertiliser consumption)

GHG mitigation of 195,000 tons CO2/ year from each 2° Gen Bio-Refinery, annually producing 60,000 tons Cellulosic Ethanol + 60,000 tons Pellets (with entire captive energy being met by Bio-Refinery residues, viz lignin & stillage processed to biogas)

Reduction in oil import dependence, through replacement of 40,000 tons Petrol + 24,000 tons LPG/ Furnace Oil

Currently, amongst various Biofuels options, Cellulosic Ethanol show the best promise for cost effective & sustainable replacement of fossil fuels.

CELLULOSIC ETHANOL – COST EFFCTIVE REPLACEMENT TO PETROL (blending up to 85%)

ALSO CAN BE BLENDED (up to 7.7%) WITH DIESEL

Petrol is transport fuel of the middle class (owning mopeds/ scooters/

motor cycles/small cars) & using auto-rickshaws/ LCV’s as Public transport.

Petrol is once again having higher % among passenger vehicle sales in India

MT45 Class 5 step-van vehicle, with new Cummins E85 2.8L engine

The Cummins ETHOS 2.8L is designed specifically to use E85. To take full advantage of the favourable

combustion attributes and potential of E85, the engine operates at diesel-like cylinder pressures and

incorporates advanced spark-ignition technology. It delivers the power (up to 250 horsepower) and

peak torque (up to 450 lb-ft) of gasoline and diesel engines nearly twice its 2.8-liter displacement.

More than 1,000 miles and 1,500 hours have been accumulated on the Cummins ETHOS 2.8L engine

over the past 2 1/2 years, demonstrating the technology capability. A final on-road validation testing

phase has been underway , since June 2014 and anticipated to completed soon.

Cummins announced the development of an E85

optimized engine and powertrain that reduces

greenhouse gas emissions, by as much as 75 to 80

percent (using cellulosic ethanol) when compared

with gasoline-powered medium-duty truck,

with high thermal efficiency & power-to-weight ratio.

12/12/2014

1/2

Government fixes Rs 48.5-49.5 price for ethanol procurement by OMC’s

PTI Dec 10, 2014, 10.37PM IST

The Govt of India has fixed price of Rs 48.50-49.50 per litre procurement price of ethanol for blending with Petrol. was earlier decided by oil companies and the suppliers of ethanol.

The Cabinet Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) today fixed the delivered price of Ethanol in the range of Rs 48.50 per

litre to Rs 49.50 per litre, depending upon the distance of sugar mill from the depot/installation of the public sector oil marketing

companies (OMCs), an official statement said today. For the distance ranging from 0-100 kms price is fixed at Rs 48.50 per litre, for 101-300 kms price will be around Rs 49.00 per litre and for the distance more than 300 kms price will be around Rs 49.50 per litre, the statement added. "The rates proposed would be delivered price at depot location and inclusive of all Central and State taxes, transportation costs, etc which would be borne by the Ethanol suppliers," it added.

OMCs will incorporate the "Supply or Pay" clause duly backed up with bank guarantee in their supply agreement with ethanol

suppliers. Besides that, OMCs will also sign memorandum with the State Governments for a comprehensive system for

uninterrupted inter-depot transfer of Ethanol within a State.

The Food Ministry had said that ex-sugar mill price of ethanol is around Rs 42.02 per litre. For ethanol suppliers, the landed cost of

ethanol at the OMCs depots would be around Rs 49 per litre.

Why CELLULOSIC Ethanol in GUJARAT

9 million MT cotton stalks is annually generated in Gujarat and bulk of it is inefficiently burnt,

causing significant environmental pollution. Cotton stalks poses techno-economic challenges for

use as Boiler fuel and more optimal use would be as feedstock for Cellulosic Ethanol Plant.

Gujarat needs effective Cotton stalks utilisation plan.

PUNJAB NEEDS EFFECTIVE PADDY STARW UTILISATION PLAN

Satellite picture of Punjab

(end Sept – early Nov))

15 million MT rice straw is annually generated in Punjab and > 90% is burnt in fields,

causing significant environmental pollution. Rice straw poses techno-economic challenges for

use as Boiler fuel and more optimal use would be as feedstock for Cellulosic Ethanol Plant.

Why CELLULOSIC Ethanol in PUNJAB

Brown Carbon (from biomass burning) has 10 times the impact as

Black Carbon (from fossil fuel burning) in pollution effecting Taj Mahal

Source : Mint, 5th November, 2014

Brown Carbon – from burning of Paddy straw – reduces wheat output

Comparison of Paddy Straw use for

Bio-Ethanol vs. Power generation

Maximum power exported : 1 KWH/kg paddy straw (dry matter)

Bio-Ethanol generation

: > 0.3 liter/kg paddy straw (dry matter)

Return as biofuel from 1 kg paddy straw

Return as power from 1 kg paddy straw

= Rs 13

= Rs 6.5

Note (1) : Even at high biomass tariff paid in Punjab, developers are finding it difficult to fire large amounts of

paddy straw. Either biomass power plants operate at low PLF or Plants with high PLF, fire only 25% paddy

straw. Paddy straw burning in Boilers causes slagging & corrosion

Note (2) : Paddy straw use in 2nd Generation Bio-Refineries, produces Cellulosic Ethanol, Bio CNG & Pellets +

Compost (thus productively using all dry matter in biomass). Compost + treated effluent (liquid fertiliser)

increases farm yields & reduces chemical fertiliser use, hence makes farmers stake holders to the project.

DIRECT & COLLATERAL BENEFITS

environment & ECOLOGY Avoid high particulate emissions (& collateral damage of ground water contamination)

related to burning of paddy straw on fields/ uncontrolled burning of cotton stalks.

Reduce GHG mitigation of 190,000 tCO2/ year, from each 2nd Generation Bio-Refinery

# 60,000 MT Bio Ethanol = 40,000 MT Gasoline, GHG factor of 2.96 tCO2/MT (118,400 tCO2)

# 60,000 MT Pellets = 24,000 MT LPG, GHG factor of 3.235 tCO2/MT. (77,640 tCO2)

# 190,000 tCO2/ year , total GHG mitigation (with 5% leakage)

farmers Removal of paddy straw/ cotton stalks from their fields with monetary compensation

Availability, at reasonable price, of Compost, which would reduce chemical fertilizer cost.

High level of direct & indirect investments.

High jobs creation, 1,500 per 60,000 tons/annum Cellulosic Ethanol Plant during operational phase. … Also, a large number of jobs during construction phase …. plus jobs creation in local manufacturing units … over 70% value addition in India.

Energy security replacement of Petrol/ Diesel (by Cellulosic Ethanol) LPG/Furnace Oil (by Pellets).

Catalyse growth in Automobile sector “flexi-fuel” vehicles (10, 20 & 85% blending, similar to Thailand).

Catalyse growth in Bio-technology & Bio-energy sectors.

socio- economic development

AGRICULTURE FIELDS

DAIRY

ACTIVITY

COMPOST

YARD

BIOMASS DEPOT

DIGESTATE

TREATMENT

PLANT

CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PLANT

Lignin fired captive CONERATION PLANT

Paddy Straw

Compost (>75% dry solids)

Separated Solids

Liquid fertilizer (integrated with micro irrigation systems)

2nd GEN BIO-REFINERY – OPTIMAL UTILISATION OF BIOMASS DRY MATTER Bio Ethanol & Pellets + (fuel for Captive Cogeneration Plant & Compost )

Manure

BIOGAS Fired Captive Chp plant

Solid Fraction of Stillage

Feedstock for Bio-Refinery PELLETS

Liquid Fraction of Stillage

Feedstock for Biogas Plant

Paddy Straw – burnt on fields

Satellite picture of Punjab (Oct)

INDIAN CELLULOSIC ETHANOL Plants --- Technology providers & PROCESS OVERVIEW

• Beta Renewable is Joint Venture Company between Biochemtex (Mossi & Ghisolfi) and

Texas Pacific Group, with a capital of 250 million dollars to develop PROESA technology &

build the world’s 1° Commercial Scale Cellulosic Ethanol plant (commissioned in 2013).

• Chemtex is a global technology and engineering solution provider, acquired in 2004 by

the Mossi Ghisolfi Group. Chemtex has had long presence in India & well conversant with

local vendors & standards

• Novozymes, global leader in enzymes technology & production, bought 10% of Beta

Renewables.

• The PROESA technology is adapted for production of cellulosic ethanol from feedstock of

ligno cellulosic matter, viz.agirculture residues (paddy straw, bagasse/ cane trash, corn

stovers/ corn cobs, cotton stalks, wheat straw, etc) & energy crops (grasses, tree

plantations, etc).

• Beta Renewables is ,by far, the most experienced Plant Builder for Cellulosic Ethanol

Plants in the world, providing cost linked performance guarantees.

Novozymes -WORLD LEADER IN BIO-INNOVATION

WE GREEN THE WORLD:

• Enzymes save energy, chemicals, raw-materials and

water

• In 2012, Novozymes helped customers save 48 million

tons of CO2

BASED ON INNOVATION:

• 14% of sales re-invested in R&D

• 7000 patents granted or pending

Crescentino and Other Bioethanol Projects

CAPACITY OPERATIVE SINCE

Crescentino (Italy) 40.000 MT/year October 2013

Alagos (Brasil) 65.000 MT/year July 2014

Fuyang (China) 200.000 MT/year End of 2015

North Carolina (USA) 60.000 MT/year Beginning of 2016

California (USA) 75.000 MT/year 2016

Slovakia 55.000 MT/year 2017 NOVEMBER

2014

Additional 3 Nos 80,000 MT/yr

being constructed in Italy

Lignocellulosic Biomass

Pre-Treatment Step

Saccharification

Bio or Chemical Conversions

Separation/Purification CELLULOSIC

ETHANOL

TH

E P

RO

CE

SS

OU

TL

INE

STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 3

STEP 4

Most Complex Step

High in CAPEX

Requires complex enzymes

High in OPEX

Established for glucose

New technology for pentose

Some feed stocks tested by proesa technology

sugar cane trash & bagasse

corn stover & corn cobs

napier grass

cotton stalks

rice straw

wheat straw

castor stalks

poplar

eucalyptus

palm date

arundo donax