data acq tools - cis.rit.edurlkpci/pdfs/data_acq_tools.pdf– expendable. r.i.t digital imaging and...

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing LaboratoryRR..II..TT

Fire Measurements for Remote SensingFire Measurements for Remote Sensing

Data Acquisition Tools for Environmental Data Acquisition Tools for Environmental ResearchResearch

Bob KremensBob KremensJason Jason FaulringFaulring


We have obtained NASA funding to support research for We have obtained NASA funding to support research for remote sensing of wildland firesremote sensing of wildland fires


Remote sensing of wildland fires requires fundamental Remote sensing of wildland fires requires fundamental physical measurements and wellphysical measurements and well--measured ground measured ground

experimental setexperimental set--upup

•• Fundamental parameters that are unknown or poorly measured:Fundamental parameters that are unknown or poorly measured:–– Burn scar temperature as a function of timeBurn scar temperature as a function of time–– Emissivity of flames s a function of flame depthEmissivity of flames s a function of flame depth–– Emissivity of burn scarEmissivity of burn scar–– Characteristics of narrow line emission from candidate elements Characteristics of narrow line emission from candidate elements

(potassium, sodium phosphorus)(potassium, sodium phosphorus)–– Characteristics of wideCharacteristics of wide--band emission from (hot) molecular species band emission from (hot) molecular species

(CO, CO(CO, CO22,H,H22O, HC)O, HC)–– Effects on vegetation for mortality and BAER teamsEffects on vegetation for mortality and BAER teams

•• ‘‘GroundGround--truthedtruthed’’ aerial data acquisitionaerial data acquisition–– MultiMulti-- and hyperand hyper--spectral images using the MISI and WASP spectral images using the MISI and WASP

instrumentsinstruments–– Well known, accurately measured ground targetsWell known, accurately measured ground targets

»» Charcoal beds, wood fires, reflectance tarps, reflectors Charcoal beds, wood fires, reflectance tarps, reflectors »» DryDry--fuel/known fuel combustion with flamesfuel/known fuel combustion with flames»» ‘‘Beach Burn 2002Beach Burn 2002’’, , ‘‘The DumpThe Dump’’ 20022002


We have developed a versatile electronic acquisition We have developed a versatile electronic acquisition package ideally suited to field data collection package ideally suited to field data collection

•• Major Features:Major Features:

–– Position AwarePosition Aware

–– Versatile Data InputsVersatile Data Inputs

–– Voice or Data Radio telemetryVoice or Data Radio telemetry

–– Must be very inexpensive to obtain Must be very inexpensive to obtain sufficient spatial resolution and sufficient spatial resolution and usabilityusability


We call these positionWe call these position--aware devices aware devices ‘‘Autonomous Autonomous Environmental DetectorsEnvironmental Detectors’’ -- AEDAED

•• AsAs--built Features:built Features:–– 8 channel, 12 bit A/D8 channel, 12 bit A/D–– Precision Thermistor conditioning unitPrecision Thermistor conditioning unit–– Internal nonInternal non--volatile memory (64kBytes)volatile memory (64kBytes)–– Radio voice synthesis Radio voice synthesis –– 1200 bps RTTY or X.25 Packet modem 1200 bps RTTY or X.25 Packet modem

(2(2--way)way)–– GPS position detectionGPS position detection–– Commercial radio Commercial radio xceiverxceiver integratedintegrated

»» 5w 5w commecialcommecial xmitxmit ‘‘decksdecks’’»» HandiHandi--Talkie of any description (ham, Talkie of any description (ham,

FRS/GMRS, business band, etc.FRS/GMRS, business band, etc.

–– Battery life management Battery life management


I am very interested in ecology and effects of wildland I am very interested in ecology and effects of wildland fires, land use management through fire and firefighting fires, land use management through fire and firefighting

methodsmethods

•• Experience on 6 prescribed fires in east and westExperience on 6 prescribed fires in east and west

•• Type II Type II ‘‘redred--cardedcarded’’ firefighterfirefighter

•• Need more data so we need partnersNeed more data so we need partners

•• We can supply certain expertise and equipment and funding for We can supply certain expertise and equipment and funding for our travel, lodging and laborour travel, lodging and labor


We have obtained USDA We have obtained USDA Forest Service (FS) funding Forest Service (FS) funding for allfor all--purpose purpose AEDsAEDs

•• USDA FS Joint Fire Sciences call USDA FS Joint Fire Sciences call for proposalfor proposal

•• Team with FS for analysis, need Team with FS for analysis, need determination and deployment on determination and deployment on firesfires

•• Extends initial capability of AED Extends initial capability of AED with additional lowwith additional low--cost hardwarecost hardware

•• Provides unique features and Provides unique features and capabilities of several very capabilities of several very expensive units now used by the expensive units now used by the FS:FS:

–– Remote weather station( RAWS): Remote weather station( RAWS): ~$10,000~$10,000

–– IR radiometers: $1500 eachIR radiometers: $1500 each–– Alarm/sentry Alarm/sentry –– not availablenot available–– Radio reporting of data: not Radio reporting of data: not

availableavailable–– Low cost: ~$300 Low cost: ~$300 vsvs ~ >$10,000 for ~ >$10,000 for

commercial unitscommercial units–– ExpendableExpendable


We have chosen sensors that are both state of the art We have chosen sensors that are both state of the art and easy to use and easy to use –– and and cheap!cheap!

•• Temperature:Temperature:–– Low temperatures: YSI 4900LS Low temperatures: YSI 4900LS thermistorthermistor modulemodule–– High temperatures: Type K thermocouple, AD594 TC conditionerHigh temperatures: Type K thermocouple, AD594 TC conditioner–– Radiometric: Dexter Research ACT01 and 2M broadband Radiometric: Dexter Research ACT01 and 2M broadband

thermopilesthermopiles

•• Time: Dallas DS1302 synched to GPSTime: Dallas DS1302 synched to GPS

•• Humidity and environmental temperature: Humidity and environmental temperature: SensironSensiron SHT75SHT75

•• Wind speed and direction: AEG Wind speed and direction: AEG ElectronicaElectronica

•• Fire alarm: IR smoke sensor (90Fire alarm: IR smoke sensor (90oo scattering) (homemade)scattering) (homemade)


We use cheap transWe use cheap trans--reflective reflective PDAsPDAs to communicate to communicate with the AED with the AED

•• PDA provides easy to read and PDA provides easy to read and use control and setuse control and set--up for devicesup for devices

•• PDA costs $85 and can be PDA costs $85 and can be expendable expendable –– but we havenbut we haven’’t lost t lost any yet!any yet!

•• We can store data from loggers We can store data from loggers and communicate with devices and communicate with devices (radio digital data link) using PDA (radio digital data link) using PDA as computer/storageas computer/storage


The cost of the electronics is under $100The cost of the electronics is under $100

•• If the device is too expensive no If the device is too expensive no one will use itone will use it

•• If the device is too expensive no If the device is too expensive no one will burn itone will burn it

•• These devices must be burned These devices must be burned up on occasion or as a matter of up on occasion or as a matter of operating procedureoperating procedure

•• We need many data locations to We need many data locations to assemble a data assemble a data ‘‘fieldfield’’ for for modelingmodeling


Our current data stream was chosen for simplicityOur current data stream was chosen for simplicity

•• We store data in a nonWe store data in a non--volatile RAM in comma delimited, CR/LF volatile RAM in comma delimited, CR/LF formatformat

–– Inefficient, but universalInefficient, but universal–– Data stream is minimal so overhead no problemData stream is minimal so overhead no problem–– Do error checking by CRC or by repeating dataDo error checking by CRC or by repeating data–– XmissionXmission time (radio on) < 10 secondstime (radio on) < 10 seconds

•• Direct readDirect read--in via RS 232 or by removing memory in via RS 232 or by removing memory ‘‘cardcard’’•• Radio data transmitted plainRadio data transmitted plain--language voice or RTTY using same language voice or RTTY using same

format as stored dataformat as stored data•• Data field:Data field:Unique Instrument ID, Date, Time, GPS Latitude, GPS Longitude, Unique Instrument ID, Date, Time, GPS Latitude, GPS Longitude,

Data Field 1, , , , , ,Data Field 1, , , , , ,……Data field N, CR LF Data field N, CR LF Typical data field is 80Typical data field is 80-- bytes long (per time point)bytes long (per time point)


Example: 4Example: 4--channel channel thermocouple temperature thermocouple temperature loggerlogger

•• Uses 4 ADC channels for Uses 4 ADC channels for thermocouple datathermocouple data

•• RTC and Position via GPSRTC and Position via GPS•• Field controllable using a Field controllable using a

Palm PilotPalm Pilot•• Rugged NEMA enclosure Rugged NEMA enclosure

suitable for hostile suitable for hostile environmentsenvironments

•• VB download applicationVB download application


Example: Cheap fire weather stationExample: Cheap fire weather station

•• Under $250 so burnUnder $250 so burn--over is OKover is OK•• Measures:Measures:

–– Wind SpeedWind Speed–– Wind directionWind direction–– Relative humidityRelative humidity–– Air temperatureAir temperature–– Ground/fuel temperatureGround/fuel temperature

•• Can record, transmit data via voice Can record, transmit data via voice or data link, or transmit alarms on or data link, or transmit alarms on ‘‘lookoutlookout’’ conditionsconditions

•• AA-- $70 (unit qty.) wind $70 (unit qty.) wind speed/direction sending headspeed/direction sending headB B –– Data Data acuistionacuistion box (RH, 4 ground box (RH, 4 ground temperatures)temperatures)Transmitter unit mounts on weather Transmitter unit mounts on weather ‘‘polepole’’


Example: Handheld environmental loggerExample: Handheld environmental logger

• Acquires precision temperature and location data (+/- 0.2C absolute, 0.05 resolution)

• 64 K memory = 1771 sample storage space

• Uses standard GPS unit

• PC application places data directly into Excel or ARCVIEW


Fun on firesFun on fires


RIT remote sensing capabilities RIT remote sensing capabilities –– MISI MISI hyperspectralhyperspectralcameracamera

•• The MISI detector The MISI detector (Modular Imaging (Modular Imaging Spectrometer Spectrometer Instrument)Instrument)

•• 70 channels 0.35 70 channels 0.35 –– 0.9 0.9 mmmm

•• 10 channels 1.1 10 channels 1.1 –– 14 14 mmmm

•• 5 channels 5 channels ‘‘fire fire detectiondetection’’ 12 bit X dual 12 bit X dual gaingain

–– 1.2 1.2 –– 1.31.3–– 1.5 1.5 –– 1.81.8–– 1.9 1.9 -- 2.32.3–– 3.2 3.2 –– 4.14.1–– 8.3 8.3 –– 9.99.9


RIT Remote Sensing Capabilities RIT Remote Sensing Capabilities –– WASP CameraWASP Camera

•• NASA funded COTS system integration projectNASA funded COTS system integration project•• 9 month delivery time on time under budget9 month delivery time on time under budget•• 4 camera slewing framing camera system4 camera slewing framing camera system•• SWIR, MWIR, LWIRSWIR, MWIR, LWIR

–– 14 bits, 640 X 480 x 4 fields per mosaic 14 bits, 640 X 480 x 4 fields per mosaic (~2000(~2000 pixels across pixels across track)track)–– Indigo Phoenix camera systemsIndigo Phoenix camera systems

•• Visible RGB (Visible RGB (radiometricallyradiometrically caliabratedcaliabrated))–– 16 16 MpixelMpixel single shot at vertical (Nadir)single shot at vertical (Nadir)

•• ApplanixApplanix IMUIMU


MWIR3m Resolution10,000 ft alt

Visible0.5m Resolution10,000 ft alt

Tarps

12” fires(outdoor grill)

Vehicles

Thermal “shadow”

MWIR1.1m Resolution3,500 ft alt

Visible0.18m Resolution3500 ft alt

Running engine

Imagery from RIT Wildfire Airborne Sensor Program (WASP) First Flight 14 July 2003

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