day 7 september 14 chapter 5 scribd

8/4/2019 Day 7 September 14 Chapter 5 Scribd

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Click to edit Master subtitle style

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September 14th

Skipping Chapter 4 (were a bit behind) and movingto Chapter 5(There will be NO Chapter 4 on the test)


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End of Chapter 3

A bit more about cancer and celldivision


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How can a lack of communicationbetween cells lead to cancer?

q Contact inhibition normal cells stopdividing when they bump up against each

other.

q

Tumors a mass of cells that suck up thebodys energy.


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arge cancer ceremoved from a persons

chest


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3.19 The cell wallprovides additionalprotection andsupport for plantcells


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3.20 Vacuoles:multipurposestorage sacsfor cells


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3.21Chloroplasts:the plantcells powerplant


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Chapter 5: DNA, GeneExpression, and Biotechnology

W ha t is th e c ode a nd how is i t h a rne s s ed?Lectures by Mark Manteuffel, St. Louis Community College; Clicker Questions by Kristen Curran, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater


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5.1 The DNA 200

Knowledge about DNA isincreasing justice in the world.


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What is the most common reason whyDNA analyses overturn incorrectcriminal convictions?


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The Age of the Gene


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The DNA molecule containsinstructions for the developmentand functioning of all livingorganisms.


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(1900s 1950s) Two ImportantFeatures of DNA

(1) DNA contains the instructions on howto create a body and control its growthand development.

(2) The instructions encoded in the DNA

molecule are passed down from parentto offspring.


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DNA Double Helix

Nucleic acids and nucleotides


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Genes are sections of DNA thatcontain instructions for makingproteins.Wh y i s DNA cons i de red t he un i ve r sa l code fo r a l ll i f e on ea r th?


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The number of chromosomes variesfrom species to species.

q Corn has 10 unique chromosomes.

q Fruit flies have only four.

q Dogs and chickens have 39 different chromosomes.

q Goldfish have 47 chromosomes.

q I nd i v idua l s i n ea ch o f t he se sp ec i e s i nhe r it onecopy o f e a ch ch r omosome f r om ea ch pa r en t .


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Not al l DNA contains instructions formaking proteins.


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An onion has five times asmuch DNA as a human.

Why d oesn t tha t make t hem m o re c omp l ex t han u s ?


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The Proportionof the DNA

That Codes forGenes


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How do genes work?An ove rv i ew

Just as having a recipe for chocolate chip cookies is not the same

thing as having the actual cookies

Think about it: every cell contains all of the informationneeded to manufacture every protein in the body.

This means that the skin cells on your arm contain thegenes for producing liver cells and red blood cells andmuscle tissuebut they dont.


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q Genotype all of the genes contained in an

organism

q Phenotype the physical manifestations of the

instructions


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5.6 Transcription: readingthe information coded in DNA


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5.7 Translation: using informat ionfrom DNA to build usable molecules


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Several ingredients must be present inthe cytoplasm for translation to occur.

q Free amino acids

q Ribosomal units

q Transfer RNA


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Causes and effects ofmutationqAlteration of the sequence of bases in

DNA

can lead to changes in the structure andfunction of the proteins produced

can have a range of effects


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Mutations

q Bad reputation

q Tend to be disruptive

qVery, very rare


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day 7 september 14 chapter 5 scribd

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