delta energy & environment ltd registered in scotland: no sc259964 registered office: 15 great...
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Delta Energy & Environment Ltd Registered in Scotland: No SC259964Registered Office: 15 Great Stuart Street, Edinburgh, EH3 7TS
Micro-CHP in the Hydrogen Economy
European Commission Summit: H2 in the Economy
Michael BrownDirector, Delta Energy and EnvironmentE: [email protected]
T: +44 131 466 5544
www.delta-ee.com
Expertise in Decentralised Energy
Delta Energy & Environment
A consultancy in global markets for distributed energy
Generation
Demand
Electric Vehicles
Electricity Storage
HEM
CHP
PV
Energy Efficiency
Smart Demand
Heat Pumps
Networks
Micro-CHP
Energy Services
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Deep research into mCHP markets
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Agenda
4
Micro-CHP product development
Market outlook to 2020
Opportunities for mCHP in the hydrogen economy
Challenges
Research priorities
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mCHP - a likely role in a diverse home energy market
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mCHP products on sale in Europe today
ICE
Remeha eVita 1kW
EHE WhisperGen 1kW
Stirling Engine
Baxi Ecogen 1kW
Vaillant ecoPOWER 3kW
& 4.7kW
Brötje Ecogen 1kW
SenerTec Dachs5.5kW
Vaillant / Honda ecoPOWER
1kW
Kirsch L4.12 4 kW Viessmann
Vitotwin 1 kW
Proenvis Primus 1.4 4kW
RMB Neotower
5kW
Baxi SenerTec Stirling SE 1 kW
Viessmann / ESS EM5, 5kW
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Fuel Cell mCHP is arriving
1
2
4Source: Delta-ee, 2012
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
launched in Japan
4 ICE
dominates
1 PEM Fuel
Cell launched in Japan
2 Stirling engine
launched in Europe
3
Global annual sales of micro-CHP (<6kW)
Solid Oxide FC
Stirling Engine
PEM FC
Internal Combustion Engine
Source: Delta Energy & Environment, 2012
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Best case commercialisation time-frames
2013 2014 2015 2016/17+
2013 2014 2015 2016/17+
PEMFC
SOFC
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Market outlook to 2020
9
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
High Growth scenario Medium Growth scenario
Low Growth scenaro
High growth scenario
Policy improves
Prices fall quicker than expected
Strong customer demand
Number of mCHP Annual Sales per Year (≤5kW)*
Potential wildcards
1. Low cost fuel cell or low cost engine – ICE or ORC?
2. Surge in customer interest
3. Shale gas revolution & rapidly rising electricity prices
4. Innovative ‘micro-CHP for free’ contracting model
~201,000 (~30% fuel cell) [€5-8k)
~98,000(~30% FC) [~€12k]
~30,000 (~50% FC) [€15-18k]
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Main European markets for mCHP
≤2 kWe CHP
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3 opportunities for mCHP in a hydrogen economy
H fed into a gas grid
Local H networks
House by house
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3 opportunities for mCHP in a hydrogen economy
H fed into a gas grid
• Reduces emissions
• Makes mCHP look even better
• No major technical issues
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3 opportunities for mCHP in a hydrogen economy
Local H networks
• New build focus
• Low volumes
• PEM FC without reformer – cheaper & simpler
• Denmark is pioneering
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3 opportunities for mCHP in a hydrogen economy
House-by-house
• Electrolyse when prices are low
• Store the H locally, eg oil tanks
• Generate electricity when prices are high
• IRD approach
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House-by-house
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Improved performance and reduced CAPEX & OPEX of Fuel Cell-based systems
Reduced CO2 emissions for electricity and heat generation
Avoid technical barriers of hydrogen distribution (and associated investment)
ηPACH2: 75%
ηPACPTH: 15%
η: 99%
ηH2PTH: 44%
ηH2PAC: 50%
η: 99%
Overall EfficiencyPAC H2 PAC : = 37%PAC H2 + PTH PAC + PTH = 85%
Source: IRD Fuel Cells A/S
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Challenges for mCHP in a hydrogen economy
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Challenges
Potential for reduced spark spread
Minor modifications for any technology with H2 >1% energy content
Further modifications required when H2 > 5%
Variation in H2 blends presents a major technical issue
Gas +43% Elec -16% Base Scenario Elec +16% Gas -43%-£100
-£50
£0
£50
£100
£150
£200
£250
£300
£350
SOFC ICE SE
Energy Price Scenarios
Non
-ince
ntiv
ised
Ann
ual S
avin
gs
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Conclusions & Research Priorities
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Research Priorities
How will spark-spread evolve with widespread H2 introduction?
• Spark-spread dictates financial savings from micro-CHP
Technology innovation to cope with H2–NG blend variations
• variations driven by renewable intermittency
System integration of micro-CHP, electrolysers & storage
• historically, R&D funding has not focussed on integrated systems
ConclusionsMicro-CHP is well placed to deliver benefits in a future hydrogen economy:
• additional CO2 emission savings
• lower energy bills
Integrating micro-CHP with on-site hydrogen production can:
• decrease losses, increasing round trip efficiency (for electricity & heat)
• distributed storage solution avoids investment in NG network upgrades
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Contact
Michael BrownDirectorDelta Energy & EnvironmentEdinburghUK
[email protected]+44 131 466 5544www.delta-ee.com