demonstration: fvs-fee with svs1 forest change and fire in colorado’s front range a presentation...
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Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 1
Forest Change and Fire
in Colorado’s Front Range
A presentation that uses computer-generated drawings and animations to describe the results of forest succession and fire behavior modeling.
Jane Kapler SmithUSDA Forest Service
Rocky Mountain Research StationFire Modeling Institute
20 May 2002
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 2
Forests change.Forests change.
More time… more (& bigger) More time… more (& bigger) trees.trees.
c. 1903c. 1903
19919999
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Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 4
18961896
nownow
????????futurefuture
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Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 6
To understand Forest Change:To understand Forest Change:A Mathematical ModelA Mathematical Model
““Forest Vegetation Forest Vegetation Simulator” Forest Simulator” Forest
succession, fuels, & firesuccession, fuels, & fire
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 7
19991999
futurefuture??
c. 1903c. 1903
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““Model”?Model”?
Models help us Models help us understand… and understand… and predictpredict
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Mathematical model:Mathematical model:
•Use data to find patterns Use data to find patterns from the pastfrom the past
•Understand the presentUnderstand the present•Predict the futurePredict the future
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““Mathematical Mathematical model”?model”?
Model ofFront Range Precipitation Patterns
0
1
2
3
4
5
Jan-Feb Mar-Apr May-Jun Jul-Aug Sep-Oct Nov-Dec
Time of Year
To
tal
Pre
cip
itat
ion
, in
May 1979May 1979
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1.1. How do forests change How do forests change over time?over time?
2.2. How do fires influence How do fires influence forests, and forests forests, and forests influence fires?influence fires?
3.3. How do our choices How do our choices influence forests… and influence forests… and fires?fires?
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 12
PonderosPonderosa pine in a pine in ColoradoColorado
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Cheesman Reservoir: Cheesman Reservoir: Historic data on Ponderosa Pine ForestsHistoric data on Ponderosa Pine Forests
Thanks to: Merrill Kaufmann, Thanks to: Merrill Kaufmann, Paula Fornwalt, Laurie Huckaby, Paula Fornwalt, Laurie Huckaby, and Jason Stoker, Rocky Mtn. and Jason Stoker, Rocky Mtn. Research StationResearch Station
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 14
1.1. How do forests change over How do forests change over time?time?
2.2. How do fires influence How do fires influence forests, and forests forests, and forests influence fires?influence fires?
3.3. How can our choices How can our choices influence forests… and influence forests… and fires?fires?
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 15
The players:The players: ponderosa ponderosa pine…pine…
0.5 0.5 inchinch
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3+ inches3+ inches
Fire resistant buds & bark at 7 years oldFire resistant buds & bark at 7 years old
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… … and Douglas-and Douglas-firfir
0.1 to 0.2 0.1 to 0.2 inchinch
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Reproduces well even in shadeReproduces well even in shade
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18991899
20002000
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18961896
18991899
c. c. 19031903
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Data DescribingPatches on the Landscape, 1900 and 2000
0
20
40
60
80
100
1900 2000
% o
f la
nd
scap
e
open
medium
dense
Medium-Medium-46%46%
Dense-Dense-70%70%
Open-Open-18%18%
Modeled Modeled examplesexamples
::
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20002000M
odele
d
Modele
d
20002000
Dat
Dat
aa
~1896~1896
Dat
Dat
aa
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Modeled Modeled Patches on Patches on
the the LandscapeLandscape
19001900
20002000
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19001910192019301940195019601970198019902000
Modeled Modeled Succession:Succession:
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19001910192019301940195019601970198019902000
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19001900 1900190019101910192019201930193019401940195019501960196019701970198019801990199020002000
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Data Describing Number of Trees by Size
0
100
200
300
400
1900 2000
tree
s/ac
re
< 6"
> 6"
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1900
1900
1910192019301940195019601970198019902000
Modeled Modeled SuccessioSuccessio
nn
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1900
19001910192019301940195019601970198019902000
““ladder fuels”ladder fuels”
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Data Showing Number of Small Trees by Species
0
50
100
150
200
1900 2000
tree
s/ac
re <
6"
dia
met
er
Ponderosa
Doug-fir
Spruce
Aspen
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Data Showing Number of Small Trees by Species
0
50
100
150
200
1900 2000
tree
s/ac
re <
6"
dia
met
er
Ponderosa
Doug-fir
Spruce
Aspen1900190019101910192019201930193019401940195019501960196019701970198019801990199020002000
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 33
1900190019101910192019201930193019401940195019501960196019701970198019801990199020002000
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How do Front Range forests change over time?
• Increased crown cover
• Increased number of small trees
• Small Douglas-firs outnumber all other species and all other sizes.
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 35
1.1. How do forests change over How do forests change over time?time?
2.2. How do fires influence forests, How do fires influence forests, and forests influence fires?and forests influence fires?
3.3. How can our choices influence How can our choices influence forests… and fires?forests… and fires?
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 36
All fires All fires are not are not equalequal
Surface Surface firefire
Passive Passive crown firecrown fire
Active crown Active crown firefire
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 37
20002000M
odele
d
Modele
d
20002000
Dat
Dat
aa
~1896~1896
Dat
Dat
aa
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Modeling Cheesman Historic Modeling Cheesman Historic Fires:Fires:
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Cheesman Historic Fires AgainCheesman Historic Fires Again
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18991899
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1900
2000
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Model fire behavior:Model fire behavior:
• One patch of forestOne patch of forest
• 1900 (open crown cover)1900 (open crown cover)
• vs. 2000 (medium to dense vs. 2000 (medium to dense crown cover)crown cover)
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 43
Modeled fire spread: 5 mph Modeled fire spread: 5 mph windswinds
19001900
20002000
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5 mph winds again5 mph winds again
19001900
20002000
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 45
Active Active crown crown firefire
Passive Passive crown crown firefire
Surface Surface firefire
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 46
Surface & Passive Surface & Passive CrowningCrowning
Active Active CrowningCrowning
Open
Open
(1900
(1900
))
Dens
Dens
e e
(2000
(2000
))
Modeled Potential for Active Modeled Potential for Active Crown FireCrown Fire
0 10
20
30
40
50
Win
d,
Win
d,
mp
hm
ph
60
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19001900 20002000
5 mph wind5 mph wind
40 mph 40 mph windwind
After After fire– fire– modeled modeled view view from from aboveabove
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Model Predictions of Fuel Consumed
0
10
20
30
1900 2000
T/a
c 5 mph wind
40 mph wind
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 49
Model Predictions of Smoke Production
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
1900 2000
T/a
c p
arti
cula
te m
atte
r <
2.5
5 mph wind
40 mph wind
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 50
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 51
How has succession in Front How has succession in Front Range Range forests influenced fire?forests influenced fire?
• Greater risk of active crown fireGreater risk of active crown fire
• More smokeMore smoke
• Greater likelihood of erosionGreater likelihood of erosion
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 52
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 53
18991899
20002000
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1.1. How do forests change over How do forests change over time?time?
2.2. How do fires influence forests, How do fires influence forests, and forests influence fires?and forests influence fires?
3.3. How can our choices influence How can our choices influence forests… and fires?forests… and fires?
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 55
Modele
d
Modele
d
20502050
No
dat
a
No
dat
a
20502050
20002000
Modele
d
Modele
d
20002000
Dat
Dat
aa~1896~1896
Dat
Dat
aa
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Modele
d
Modele
d
20502050
Modele
d
Modele
d
205020501900-1900-20002000
Data
Data
?? ??
Modele
d
Modele
d
20502050
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 57
20002000
????
??
????
????
20502050
Choice 1: Choice 1:
““Hands off”Hands off”
20502050
Choice 2: Choice 2:
Thin from below, Thin from below, prescribed burnprescribed burn
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 58
2050 2050 - - 1: “hands off”1: “hands off” 2050 2050 - - 2: Treat 25%2: Treat 25%
2000200019001900
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20002000
20502050
Choice 1: Choice 1:
““Hands off”Hands off”
20502050
Choice 2: Choice 2:
Thin from below, Thin from below, prescribed burnprescribed burn
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 60
1900
170 trees/ac
2000
409 trees
200020102020203020402050
547 trees
Modeled Modeled SuccessiSuccessi
onon
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200020102020203020402050
547 trees
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19001900
20002000
Modeled Modeled SuccessionSuccession
200020002010201020202020203020302040204020502050
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Den
seD
en
ser r (2
05
0(2
05
0))
Surface & Passive CrowningSurface & Passive Crowning Active Active CrowningCrowning
Op
en
O
pen
(1
90
0(1
90
0))
Den
se
Den
se
(20
00
(20
00
))
Modeled Potential for Active Modeled Potential for Active Crown FireCrown Fire0 1
020
30
40
50
Win
d,
Win
d,
mp
hm
ph
60
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20002000
20502050
Choice 1: Choice 1:
““Hands off”Hands off”
20502050
Choice 2: Choice 2:
Thin from below, Thin from below, prescribed burnprescribed burn
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 66
Modeled Treatment and Modeled Treatment and SuccessionSuccession20012007– after thinning &
fire20102020203020402050
Ponderosa Ponderosa pinepine
Douglas-Douglas-firfir
AspeAspenn
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 67
20012007– after thinning & fire20102020203020402050
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 68
tr
eate
treate
d
d
(2010)
(2010)
tr
eate
treate
d
d
(2050)
(2050)
Surface & Passive CrowningSurface & Passive Crowning Active Active CrowningCrowning
Dense
D
ense
(2
000)
(2000)
Modeled Potential for Active Modeled Potential for Active Crown FireCrown Fire0 1
020
30
40
50
Win
d,
Win
d,
mp
hm
ph
60
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 69
20002000
???? ?? ???? ????20502050
Choice 1: Choice 1:
““Hands off”Hands off”
20502050
Choice 2: Choice 2:
Thin from below, Thin from below, prescribed burnprescribed burn
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 70
PonderosPonderosa pine in a pine in ColoradoColorado
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 71
1.1. How do forests change How do forests change over time?over time?
2.2. How do fires influence How do fires influence forests, and forests forests, and forests influence fires?influence fires?
3.3. How do our choices How do our choices influence forests… and influence forests… and fires?fires?
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 72
1.1. How do forests change over How do forests change over time?time?
2.2. How do fires influence How do fires influence forests, and forests influence forests, and forests influence fires?fires?
3.3. How can our choices How can our choices influence forests… and fires?influence forests… and fires?
1896 2000
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 73
1.1. How do forests change over How do forests change over time?time?
2.2. How do fires influence How do fires influence forests, and forests influence forests, and forests influence fires?fires?
3.3. How can our choices How can our choices influence forests… and fires?influence forests… and fires?
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 74
1.1. How do forests change over How do forests change over time?time?
2.2. How do fires influence How do fires influence forests, and forests influence forests, and forests influence fires?fires?
3.3. How can our choices How can our choices influence forests… and fires?influence forests… and fires?
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 75
““Models”Models”
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Thank you!Thank you!Thanks for help:Thanks for help:
Arapaho-Roosevelt N.F., Bitterroot N.F., Amy Arapaho-Roosevelt N.F., Bitterroot N.F., Amy Smith, Carol Akerelrea, Cass Cairns, Dennis Smith, Carol Akerelrea, Cass Cairns, Dennis Simmerman, Denver Water (photo archives), Simmerman, Denver Water (photo archives), Don Zimmerman, Duncan Lutes, Dwain Smith, Don Zimmerman, Duncan Lutes, Dwain Smith, Fire Use Management Team, Jason Stoker, Jim Fire Use Management Team, Jason Stoker, Jim Menakis, Joe Scott, John Hutmacher, Joint Fire Menakis, Joe Scott, John Hutmacher, Joint Fire Sciences Project, Larry Bradshaw, Laurie Sciences Project, Larry Bradshaw, Laurie Huckaby, Merrill Kaufmann, Mick Harrington, Huckaby, Merrill Kaufmann, Mick Harrington, Nick Crookston, Paul Moore, Nick Crookston, Paul Moore, Paula Fornwalt,Paula Fornwalt, Rick Fletcher, Sherry Ritter, Rick Fletcher, Sherry Ritter, Staff at Forest Staff at Forest Management Service CenterManagement Service Center, Steve Arno, , Steve Arno, Wayne CookWayne Cook
Demonstration: FVS-FEE with SVS 78
Publications documenting some of the information in this presentation:
Kaufmann, Merrill R.; Fornwalt, Paula J.; Huckaby, Laurie S.; Stoker, Jason M. 2001. Cheesman Lake– a historical ponderosa pine landscape guiding restoration in the South Platte watershed of the Colorado Front Range. In: Vance, Regina K.; Covington, W. Wallace; Edminster, Carleton B., tech. coords. Ponderosa pine ecosystems restoration and conservation: steps toward stewardship; 2000 April 25-27; Flagstaff, AZ. Proceedings RMRS-P-00. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
Kaufmann, Merrill R.; Huckaby, Laurie; Gleason, Paul. 2000. Ponderosa pine in the Colorado Front Range: long historical fire and tree recruitment intervals and a case for landscape heterogeneity. In: Neuenschwander, L. R.; Ryan, K. C.; Gollberg, G. E.; Greer, J. D., eds. Crossing the millennium: integrating spatial technologies and ecological principles for a new age in fire management, Vol. 1. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho and International Association of Wildland Fire: 153-160.
Kaufmann, Merrill R.; Regan, Claudia M.; Brown, Peter M. 2000. Heterogeneity in ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests: age and size structure in unlogged and logged landscapes of central Colorado. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research. 30:698-711.