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Design ProjectMscAE 14/01/05

DESIGN PROJECTRECOVERY OF ENERGY LOSSES DURING BRAKING

Team members: S. Chapuis, M. Durouchoux, J.C. Pacio, Y. Lee,S. Zhang.

Organisation: MscAE 2004/2005 – FHT Esslingen


• The current situation

• Choice of a new technology

• System philosophy, requirements

• Principe of functionning

• Theoritical study & 3-D model

• Integration into a nitrogen car

• Integration into an electric car

• Conclusion

A NEW BRAKE SYSTEMPLAN


BRAKE SYSTEMSCURRENT SITUATION – AVAILABLE SYSTEMS• Friction systems: automotive domain

• Frictionless systems: trucks domain

BRAKESDISC

DRUM

ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKE

(Current of Foucault)

Source: Magtrol


A NEW BRAKE SYSTEMENROLLED ENERGIES

Two kind of energy have to be take in account before looking for a new brake system:

• The energy that will be recovered by our system

Ec= ½ (m V²)

• The « fuel » used by the car to move

GASOLINE, DIESEL, NATURAL GAS

ELECTRICITY

HYDROGEN

NITROGEN

Already selected

Not yet selected


A NEW BRAKE SYSTEMHOLDED POSSIBILITIES

Hydraulic or gas brake:energy storage in a fluid or

a gaz

Elastic brake:energy storage in a spring

Electromagnetic brake:(combined to an

electrodynamic brake)frictionless brake

Flywheel:energy storage in a rotating mass

Electrodynamic brake:energy storage in a battery


A NEW BRAKE SYSTEMCHOICE OF A NEW TECHNOLOGY

Coefficiant 1 Has an impact Point 1 Least favorable

scale 2 Has a considerable impact scale 2 Minimum influence

3 Has a very high impact 3 Medium influence

4 Very favorable

BASIS OF SELECTION COEFFICIANT HYDRAULIC or GASBRAKE

ELECTROMAGNETICBRAKE

ELECTRODYNAMICBRAKE

ELASTIC BRAKE FLY WHEEL

Points Points Points Points Points

INTEGRABILITY 1 2 4 3 1 2

EFFICIENCY 3 4 1 3 1 2

SERVICE AND BRAKE SAFETY

3 3 4 4 1 2

DURABILITY 2 3 4 4 1 3

ECONOMIC 1 4 2 2 4 3

ENERGY CONSUMPTION 1 4 3 3 4 2

NOISE 3 3 4 4 2 2

MAINTENANCE 2 3 2 4 1 1

INNOVATION 3 4 1 3 4 1

MANUFACTURABILITY 2 4 3 3 4 4

RESULTS (PxC) 72 57 72 45 44


THE SELECTED BRAKE SYSTEMREQUIREMENTS & SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY• Requirements:

Confortable deceleration (under 0.5g)

No delay between the pedal push and the brake start

Preventing from wheels locking up

No unexpectable behaviour.

• System philosophy:

Has to fullfill the previous requirements

Has to recover the greatest amount of energy

• FINAL SELECTED SYSTEM: « NITROGEN BRAKE AND GO »

Use gas pressure to brake but also accelerate the car


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOFIRST LAYOUT

The tank isfilled withnitrogen

because of itscompressibility

properties

We have a closed loopsystem


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOFIRST LAYOUT

Our system isintergrated on thefront axle due to the load transferduring braking


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOPRINCIPE OF FUNCTIONNING

We have to consider the 3 different driving situations:

• Driving condition

• Braking situation

•Accelerating situation


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOSTATE IN DRIVING CONDITION

•The camshaft of the pump isdeclutch from the transmission axle.The system is IDLE.

• Part 1 has to contain enoughnitrogen to increase the pressure in part 2 until a desired maximal value during the braking situation.

• Part 2 has to be under a givenpressure:

- not too high to allow the compression of the nitrogen gas in order to perform a smooth braking

- not too low to avoid a delayed braking


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOSTATE IN BRAKING SITUATION

•The camshaft of the pump is nowclutched to the transmission axle.

• Part 2 is filled with nitrogen.

• The high pressure in part 2 willprovide a resistant force to therotation of the pump’s rotor.=> BRAKING of the car

• If the pressure in part 2 in too highor the pressure in part 1 too low: opening of the safety valve or declutching of the pump from thetransmission axis.

Nitrogencirculation


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOSTATE IN ACCELERATING SITUATION

Nitrogencirculation

• The system will temporarily replace theengine.

• The pressured nitrogen in part 2 isreleased through the pump in part 1

⇒ACCELERATION of the car

• After reaching of initial pressures (same as in driving situation) in bothparts, the camshaft of the pump isdeclutch.

•The system come back to an idle state


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOTHEORITICAL STUDY


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GO3-D MODEL


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOSHORT INTRODUCTION TO NITROGEN CAR• Way of functionning:

-196°C

It works like an old steam train. However a pollution emitting combustion is not required for the heating process.

LN2 is heated by the surrounding air.


OUR SYSTEM

Our system will work similarly to a turbocharger…

NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOINTEGRATION TO A NITROGEN CAR


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOINTEGRATION TO A NITROGEN CAR

• Possible way of integration


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOPRINCIPE OF FUNCTIONNING IN A CRYOCAR

• Driving condition

• Braking situation

• Accelerating situation

We have now an open loop system

Idle state

Energy storage

Energy release


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOSHORT INTRODUCTION TO THE ELECTRIC CAR• Energy storage

- Depend on the type, the size and the number of cells from batteries

-The battery has to receive more energy than it can deliver

-Chemically storage

• Energy consumption

We are faced to a consumption peak atlow rpm or in other words when then car

start to move


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOINTEGRATION TO AN ELECTRIC CAR

The wholesystem


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOPRINCIPE OF FUNCTIONNING

Without the nitrogenbrake &go system

With the nitrogenbrake &go system

Our system prevent from having the consumption peakof energy at low rpm


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOCONCLUSION• ADVANTAGES:

- Minimisation of energy losses

- Achievement of a smooth braking

- Reacceleration of the car without energy consumption peak

- No system degradation during service

• LIMITATIONS:

- Size of the nitrogen tank

- Possible loss per heat

• EXPECTATIONS FOR THE FUTURE:

Devellopment of car using a new type of fuel.

Minimize the amount of enrolled energies in a car.

Increase the the function « by wire »


NITROGEN BRAKE AND GOTHE END

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR TIME

ANY QUESTIONS?

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