DESIGN PROCESSUnit 1

History, Design & Sketching

Design Process Big Bang Theory uses it

“Ideas are born in the mind and brought into being at

the point of a pencil.”

Design Process Ideas can be communicated graphically

through sketching and computer. Use of graphic software allows you to

transform ideas into graphic representations.

When words along cannot describe a new or futuristic forms, sketches are needed to show what can not be said.

Aspects of Design Since the beginning of civilization, men

and women have used their imagination, knowledge and curiosity to design and build tools and machines to make their work easier. (1)

As time went on, refinement made these tools and machines more efficient and the lives of those using them easier.

Aspects of Design Design does not need to be entirely

original – improvements build on to one another and the design evolves. (2)

Each step of the process build one the previous steps

Designers do not find it necessary to “reinvent the wheel”

Aspects of Design

Creativity and Design do not mean the same thing!

Creativity is the combination of imagination, knowledge and curiosity (16)

Design is the conception of an idea and its development into a practical, producible and usable process or product. (17)

Aspects of Design Designers are concerned with three basic issues (3)

The look and feel of the final product (aesthetic design)

The successful operation of the final product (functional design)

The manufacturing process and the choice of materials (feasibility of manufacturing & marketing)

Functional design The functional aspect of design implies that the

product will perform in the manner for which it was intended. “Does the product meet the functional design objective?” Example??

“Form follows function.” Louis Sullivan

Function is the primary importance, the overall form (aesthetics) is part of the overall design and is not separate

Aesthetic Design Deals with form, or overall physical appearance. Involves:

Color Line Style Space Contrast Proportion Balance

Examples? The look of a product is often designed to send a

message or feeling about a product (6) ◦Example: shiny, red sports car = fast car

Engineering Design Engineering design is a creative problem-

solving process

Designers use knowledge, creativity, experience, and resources to create a new or improved product

Design must be functionally efficient, meet the design objective , be aesthetically pleasing and meet the financial objective

Engineering Design Designers and engineers are involved in

aspects of design process – Drafter needs to be familiar with each step

Drafters are called upon in all parts of the graphics communication process – works on everything from initial sketches to final presentation (7)

Design Process Two basic models for the design process:

Traditional Engineering Design Concurrent Engineering Design

Designers and Engineers will often “customize” a process to fit their

needs

Traditional Engineering Design T.E.D uses a linear approach (8)

A design engineer will take the design of a product from initial stages and carry it, step-by-step until it is turned over to production

In simple terms: each person does their part and passes the product on to the next.(9) Once they are done, they don’t see the product again unless there is a problem. Manufacturing and marketing get little thought until design process is done

Traditional Engineering Design Process

State the

Problem

Analyze the need

Set Objective

Create Alternati

ves

Check feasibilit

y

Select solution

– develop prototyp

e

Feedback – Market response

Draw the final desig

n

TED Process

1. Basic idea is created or problem is assigned to design engineer

2. Design engineer analyzes need for product – is it needed? 3. Objectives are set 4. Ideas are created 5. Ideas checked for feasibility – cycles thru step 4 as needed 6. Best solution is picked – may be prototyped for further

review 7. Prototype goes out to be evaluated – if it tanks or problems

found goes back to Step 4 8. Final drawing and product created

Concurrent Engineering Design Done as a comprehensive team – everyone

works together (11) Team consists of all aspects of the design,

manufacturing, marketing and servicing of the product (10)

Considers the manufacturability, quality, life cycle, cost and whether the final product will meet the design objectives

Because everyone works together, there are fewer delays and seldom a need to redesign an item

Concurrent Engineering Design Also known as concurrent engineering,

concurrent product design and simultaneous engineering

Process came about quickly with computer –based design and manufacturing tools

TED vs CED

Linear Process Chief engineer responsible

for most of design process Chief engineer would use

many drafters and technicians busy with drawing and documentation

Can not start on next phase until last one done

A comprehensive CAD and computerized engineering database serves as basis for all aspects of project

Team members do not need to be in one place – can be anyplace in world that can access the database

Can work on multiple areas at same time

Traditional Concurrent

CED Concerned with making a better product

in less time – continuous quality improvements used through out process (12)

Product’s life cycle is considered early Life cycle: Total life of a product from

conception of an idea to the recycling of the materials it is made from

Concurrent Engineering Design Process is broken down into three main

areas that overlap throughout process to guarantee total integration

Three areas: Ideation Refinement Implementation

Concurrent Engineering Design

Concurrent Engineering Design Ideation

Design problem is identified Preliminary ideas developed Preliminary design agreed upon

Concurrent Engineering Design Refinement

Preparation of models and prototypes (Modeling)

Through physical, production and legal analysis of the design (Design Analysis)

Design visualization or analysis of the aesthetics

Concurrent Engineering Design Implementation

Analysis of production, financing, servicing, documentation, final planning, life cycles

Concurrent engineering design is now the most common method for design in most industrial applications (13) Significant quality improvement Up to 40% reduction in project time and cost As much as 80% reduction in design changes

Concurrent Engineering Design Model

Computer Database

Design Engineering

Consumers

Material Suppliers

Support Personnel

Marketing

Manufacturing Engineering

Resources http://www.teachersdomain.org/

resource/phy3.sci.engin.design.desprocess/

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