1. TAKORADI POLYTECHNIC(SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING) (HND) MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 1AGROUP B PRESENTATING ON[OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (2]

2. GROUP B -MEMBERSNAME INDEX NUMBERMcCLEMENT INTARMAH 07128315OBRO DAVIS 07128320OPOKU EVANS07128527KUMI DESMOND 07128317KOOMSON SAM BISMARK07128316MINTA BENJAMINMUTIU ISMAELDOGBATSEY MAWULI07128537GYEWU ANDREWS 07128314ESSIEN SAMUELQUARTEY MILT07128370 3. At the end of the presentation, studentsIdentify hazardous and industrial symbols at the work shopCategorize effective and safe methods of how to move equipmentExhibit correct body positions for manual lifting whilst followingappropriate methods for manual or mechanical liftingSpot the potential sources of fire and their corresponding effectiveremediesSelect the effect of fires on employee, employer, economy and societyRecognize fire fighting equipment, their selections and uses based on aparticular class of fire. 4. INTRODUCTIONOccupational health and safety is a cross disciplinaryarea concerned with the ensuring of safety, healthand welfare of the people engaged in the occupation.The main focus of this presentation is to bring to theawareness of the class the hazards they couldencounter at the work place and their respectiveremedies. 5. SOME HAZARDOUS TERMS HAZARD : Hazard is a term associated with things or incidencethat are likely to cause damage and injury in a given environment andto a person respectively. SYMBOLS: A perceptible indication of something notimmediately apparent.(as a visible clue that something could happen)HAZARD SYMBOLS: are recognizable symbols designed towarn about hazardous materials or locations. DANGER: They are anything that posses a threat to the humanand environment. 6. HAZARDOUS SYMBOLS TRIPPING RESTRICTIONToxic :can cause poisoning through ingestion, inhalation, absorption through tissue.Fig. 1.1 A hazardous symbols6 7. Dangerous substances Corrosive: canto environment cause damage to the skin and the eyes. Fig 1.1 B 8. Explosive ;substanceswill explode giving theHarmful irritantright conditions.[petrol substances canand gases(LPG).produce harmful effects Fig 1.1 C 9. RADIATIONS (when electromagnetic waves travel through a medium )Some radiation symbols and their effect at the workplaceNon-ionizing Ionizing Radioactiveradiation: can also radiation: can sign: causes cause damage to the damage to cause damage tobody tissues if body tissue and tissues when exposed to it much blood cells induce to the bodyFig. 1.2 Radiation symbols 10. Magnetic field:Laser beamsHigh voltageworker should becareful withmagnetic objects Fig 1.2 B 11. TYPES OF HAZARDThere are four main types of hazards: Physical hazards: Biological hazards Ergonomic hazards Chemical hazards: 12. Chemical hazards - This means polluting the environment withchemicals e.g. dust, gases, vapor, fume. Biological hazards -This can be transported by the followingfungi, moulds, bacterias, viruses. Physical hazards They are caused by physical means. 13. EFFECTS OF RADIATIONS ON THEBODY1. (Hair) The losing of hair quickly and in clumps occurswith radiation exposure at 200 rems or higher.2. (Brain ) Can cause damage to the brain when exposure is5,000 rems or greater3. (Thyroid) radioactive iodine can destroy all the part ofthe thyroid by taking potassium iodine from the tissues4. (Blood system) when exposed to around 100 rems, theblood lymphocyte cell will be reduced, leaving the personmore susceptible to infectious 14. 5. (Heart) Intense exposure to radioactive material at 1,000 to 5,000 remswould cause immediate damage to small blood vessels and probablycause heart failure and death directly.6. (Gastrointestinal tract) Radiations cause damage to the intestinal tractlining, cause nausea, bloody vomiting and diarrhea. This is occurswhen the victims exposure is 200 rems or more.7. (Reproductive tract) Because reproductive tract cells divide rapidly,these areas of the body can be damaged at rem levels as low as 200rems when exposed for a long period. 15. FIREFire : is a chemical reaction called combustion, usually oxidation resulting in release of heat and light.For fire to occur three element of fire have to come together.1. FUEL2. OXYGEN3. HEAT 16. THE FIRE TRIANGLEFig 1.3shows the fire triangle 17. FIRE SENSORSFire alarmFig.1.4 fire sensors 18. Addressable simplex smokedetectorFlame detectorFig.1.4 b. smoke detectorsSmoke detector 19. FIRE FIGHTERFire fighter: They are experts who has been trained in the methodsof fighting fire.Their goal is to save life, property and the environments.Firefighters duties include public education and conducting fireinspections. 20. FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTThey are the needed equipment that aids in effective quenching offire outbreak. 21. SOME FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTFire gunProtective clothingFig 1.5 A shows fire fighting equipment 22. ExtinguisherHood Fig 1.5 b 23. CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE CLASS A:This involves combustible materials. Examples; wood, paper etc CLASS B:This involves flammable liquids. Examples; gasoline, solvent. 24. CLASS C:This involves electricity in object. Example; electric motor, generators CLASS D:This involves certain combustible metals and chemicals. Examples;sodium , magnesium CLASS F: fires which involves high temperature cooking oils or largecatering establishment or restaurants. 25. TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERSThe various fire extinguishers are;1. Water or foam fire extinguisher2. Carbon dioxide extinguisher3. Dry powder extinguisher4. Special fire extinguisher 26. HOW TO USE A FIREEXTINGUISHERThe acronym PASS helps a fire fighter touse the fire extinguisher effectively Pull Aim Squeeze SweepFig 1.6 .shows how to a fire extinguisher 27. CLASS A: This can bequenched by using water orfoam that will remove theheat from the source . Fig. 1.7 Shows the classes of fire with respect to their extinguisherFoam Fire Extinguisher 28. CLASS B: This can be quenched by using dry chemical or carbon dioxideCarbon Dioxide Fire ExtinguisherFig. 1.7 a 29. CLASS C: This can be quenched by using a dry powder extinguisher such as ammonium phosphateDry powder extinguisherFig.1.7 b 30. CLASS D: This can bequenched by usingspecial extinguisherpowderSpecial fire extinguisherFig.1.7 c 31. POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FIRE NATURAL SOURCE ARTIFICIAL SOURCE NATURAL SOURCEThey are the source of fire caused by nature.Example: volcano and sun. 32. ARTIFICIAL SOURCEThese are source of fire cause by artificial means.They include: Naked flames: From smoking materials, cooking appliances, spaceheating / drying appliances. External sparks: from grinding metals, welding, impact tools,electrical switch gear 33. Internal Sparks: from electrical equipment (faulty and normal),machinery, lighting. Hot surfaces: From lighting, cooking, heating appliances, brazier, tarboilers, plant and machinery, poorly ventilated equipment, faulty and/or badly lubricated equipment, hot bearing and dry belt Static electricity: causing significant high voltage sparks from theseparation of materials such as unwinding plastic, pouring highlyflammable liquids, walking across insulated floors, or removingsynthetic overalls 34. CAUSES FIRE OUTBREAK SmokingKitchen fire Candle Fig.1.8 causes of fire outbreak 35. SOME REMEDIES OF POTENTIAL SOURCE OF HEAT AND FIRE One should exhibit the habit of avoiding smoking whiles at thework place All naked flames must be placed at positions that will not catch fireeasily All combustible liquids must be kept in a metal containers Making sure that containers with flammable liquids are tightlyclosed. Example gasoline. 36. EFFECTS OF FIRE1. EMPLOYEE1. The employee losses his/her job incase the company is closed down 2.Loss of life if he is highly involved incase of fire outbreak2. EMPLOYER1.The employer losses his/her capital invested in the business 2.Loss of personnel at the workplace 37. 3. ECONOMY 1. The economy losses financialassistance from the company 2. Low productivity4. SOCIETY 1. Cause depletion the ozonelayer 2.Cause pollution to the environment 38. METHOD OF MOVING EQUIPMENTSCome close tothe equipmentFig.1.9 A method of moving equipmentand stand firmly 39. WRONG WAYS OF MOVING EQUIPMENT Pushing with one hand isThere will be more not effective and there willstress at the knee be more pain at the wristand waistand the arm Fig.1.9 B wrong ways of moving equipment 40. Fig 1.9 cWrong position of the hand 41. BODY POSITION IN MANUALLIFTING Bring your handStand close Relax the body closer to the objectto the object and bend yourand bend your waistknees a bitFig. 2.0 A 42. Try to lift the load bySquat and place yourstretching your legshand beneath the object Fig 2.0 b 43. MECHANICAL LIFTINGCRANEThis is a large machine thatmoves heavy things bylifting them in the air.OR Fig. 2.1 mechanical liftingA kind of large bird with a longneck and long legs. 44. FACTORS TO BE CONSIDEREDWHEN LIFTING A LOAD WITH ACRANE Competent and certified operator Trained and certified rigger Inspected and certified lifting equipment Must not be over loaded Isolate the area to avoid an unauthorized entry 45. PROCEDURE IN LIFTING A LOAD WITH A CRANE Place a short bar under the load Tie the load with a crane belt Hang the belt on the hook securely 46. VIDEO SHOWING THE OPERATION OF A CRANE 47. CRANE SIGNAL CHART StopEmergency stopThe rigger is indicating that the operatorshould stop the crane.Fig.2.2 A. crane signal chart 48. Up Lower 49. Move slowly Move left49 50. hoist Whip line50 51. CONCLUSION 52. QUESTIONS1. Define fire and give some examples of fire fighting equipment.2. State and explain the classifications of fire and give two examples each.3. Define hazard and sketch some hazardous symbols. 53. REFRENCE http//:wikipedia.com http//:goggle.com http//:e-how.com Williams A. Schuster (small engine technology) Edition 2