detailed project report (dpr) : coconut · 2018. 9. 14. · 1 detailed project report (dpr) :...

1

Detailed Project Report (DPR)

: Coconut

Scheme.1 Development of Commercial cultivation of coconut

1. Open field condition

2. Integrated Post Harvest Management

Crop Tick mark

Scheme

components

1. Open field condition of NHB

specified crops Within overall cost ceiling

+Farm Mechanisation +Good Agri.Practices (GAP) +Plastic Mulching

2. Integrated PHM

3.1.Integrated Pack House

3.2.Pack house

3.3.Pre-cooling unit

3.4. Cold Room (Staging)

3.5. Mobile Pre-cooling unit

3.6.Ripening Chamber

3.7 Primary Processing

3.8.Refer Van

3.9 Retail outlet

Detailed Project Report (DPR) duly to be signed by

the applicant (s) / authorised person ( in case of legal entity) on each page with date

2

Index

Project at a Glance Page

1 About the Applicant / Promoter and his/her entrepreneurship 7-10

2 Details of benefits availedby the Applicant / Promoter 11

3 About Project -Name, Rationale, Management and Description

1. Name of Project, Activity, Objectives and expected Outcomes 12-14

2. Rationale / Justification for the project 15

3. Site/ Land details- RoR/ Ownership / Registration of lease/ Map etc. 16

4. Location of the Project- Identification 17

5. Current usage of land of proposed Project Area 17

6. Current infrastructure and assets possessed by the Applicant: 18

7. Lay out plan of the project 18

8. Conversion of Land Use (CLU) 18

9. Whether project site is part of production belt / cluster / hub 18

10. Rationale for the location of the project 19

11. Compliance of project site for food safety 20

12. Components / Activities of the Project with justification 21-23

13. Operations planning 24

14. Month wise operational chart / Implementation schedule 25

15. Backward and Forward linkages. 26-27

16. Manpower (Skilled & Unskilled labour etc.) availability 28

17. Employment generation 29

18. Infrastructure (Power, Fuel, Water, Plant and Machinery,

connectivity, Effluents treatment etc.)- Required, Already available,

Gaps and the management.

29

19. SWOT Analysis 30

20. Monitoring and evaluation 31

4 NHB Scheme under which the project is proposed with rationale /

justification.

32-33

5 Project details

5.1 Agro-climatic suitability / feasibility

1. Origin, introduction and distribution of crop in the said location,

India and in the world (briefly)

34-36

2. Agro-climatic / Horticultural zones and suitability of the crop (s) 37

3. Soil type and latest health-suitability for the crop 38

4. Water (irrigation) source, availability, Quality and suitability 39

5.2 Market viability

1. Commercial and Nutritive importance / significance, composition and

Uses

40

2. Target Market (s) 41

3. Statistics: India and State: Area, Production and Productivity in the

District, State and India for the last 5 years

41-43

4. Clusters of the project crop in the state. 44

5. Demand and Supply gap 45

6. Global producers- Country, Area, Production, Productivity and global

market share in the last available 5 years.

46

7. International trade and potential (for export oriented projects) 46

8. Seasonality of crop / produce and its comparison with other 47

3

availablecrop/ produce

9. Price variation of commodity in the State and nearby markets 48

10. Balance sheet of commodity in the State 48

11. Transportation 49

12. Value Addition scope 49

13. Central and State Government policy 49

14. Value chain in the commodity 50

15. Proposed Business strategy for Market viability 50

5.3 Financial viability

1. Due diligence status 51

2. Project Cost 51-52

3. Means of Finance 53

4. Investment in Horticulture 54

5. Key financial Indicators 54

6. Project Financing 55

1. Rate of Interest do

2. Percentage of Term loan against total project cost do

3. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) do

4. Cost of Production and Profitability do

5. Yield and Sales Chart do

6. Proposed Balance Sheet do

7. Proposed Cash flow Statement for repayment period. do

8. Proposed Profit & Loss Account do

9. Proposed Repayment of Term loan and Schedule do

10. Break Even Analysis do

11. NPV (Net Present Value) do

12. Economic Rate of Return do

13. Depreciation do

7. Risk Analysis and management 56-57

8. Statement of Assets and liabilities 58

9. Farm record keeping/ Maintenance proposed 59

5.4 Land development and Crop Husbandry

5.4.1.Land development 60

5.4.2.Selection of Quality Planting Material

1. Recommended and popular Cultivars- varieties/hybrids, their specific

characteristics, requirements and yields.

60-63

2. Cultivar/Hybrid/Variety selected and Criterion adopted for selection 63-65

3. Propagation methods. 66-70

4. Accredited / Good Nurseries in the area 70-73

5. Planting material-source, quality and suitability 73

5.4.3.Orchard / Site planning, Lay out and management

1. Coconut establishment and layout systems 74

2. Land preparation 74

3. Planting Season / time and density and transplanting 75-76

4. Water and Nutrient management 77-80

5. Intercultural operations including Weed management 81

6. Plant canopy architecture management/ training and pruning 81

7. Use of Pollinators & pollinisers 81

4

8. Integrated Pest and Disease Management 82

9. Physiological disorders- causes, preventive and management

measures.

82-91

10. Special problems if any -

5.4.5.Farm Structures and Mechanisation 92-93

1. Farm Mechanisation 93

5.4.6.Harvesting and Fruit / flower care management

5.5 Post-Harvest Management

1. Post-Harvest infrastructure scenario in horticulture sector in the State

and specially for the proposed crop / component

94-95

2. Product/ Process Flow chart 96-98

3. Lay out / Floor Plan of post-harvest operations -

4. Post-harvest operations -

1. Pre-cooling -

2. Curing -

3. Cleaning / Washing -

4. Sorting and Grading -

5. Packing and labelling -

6. Ripening -

7. Transport -

8. Storage- Low cost / cold storage/ CA -

5. Post-harvest infrastructure – Integrated Post-harvest Management -

1. Integrated Pack house -

2. Pack House -

3. Pre-cooling unit -

4. Cold Room (Staging) -

5. Mobile Pre-cooling unit -

6. Ripening Chamber -

7. Primary Processing -

8. Refer van -

9. Retail outlet -

10. Labour/ Store room -

5.6 Marketing

1. Connectivity 99

2. Aggregation & Assembling: Marketing infrastructure 99

3. Market Institutions and agents 99

4. Demand and Supply trends and forecast both in local and National

markets.

99

5. Traceability record 99

6. Proposed value chain / method of Marketing by the Applicant 100

5.7 Value addition / Processing 101

6 Technology providers

1. ICAR /CAU/ SAU/SHU / Research Stations and Experts names 102

2. Experts-whose services are availed 103-

104

3. Agri/Horti-Business incubators 104

7 Food Safety -With /Without GAP certification

1. GAP Certification if any 105

5

2. Food safety measures

1. Pre-planting 105-

106

2. Crop husbandry 106

3. Harvestings 107

4. Post-harvest 108-

109

8 Innovation if any 110

9 Profitability of the project (Horti-business): Critical observations of

Applicant

111

10 Checklist 112-

116

11 Declaration from Crop Expert and Project Finance Expert 117-

118

12 Self-declaration by the Applicant 119

Annexure: Proposed stages in NHB Scheme Implementation 120-

122

6

Project at a Glance

1. Applicant (s)/ Legal entityName

2. Constitution / Applicant nature / beneficiary

3. NHB Scheme for which DPR is made Scheme -1

4. Project Activity Coconut

5. Nature of project- Green field/ pre-existing- expansion / component

specific

6. Products, By-products and services

7. Project Area and Survey /khasra/ Gat/Dag No.

8. Project Site Address with Postal Code and Police Station Name

9. Agro-climatic suitability

10. Research institution whose technology and package of practices are

proposed to be followed

11. Existence of similar project activity in the said District

12. Whether the project is located in the crop cluster/ hub/ belt Yes/No

13. Project economic period/ economic life

14. Total Project Cost


Integrated Post Harvest Management

Total

16. Project completion period ( in months)

Expected Implementation

timeline

Commencement

Completion

17. Total Eligible Project cost as assessed by the Applicant as per NHB

guidelines

18. Bank/ Financial Institution identified for Term loan

19. Proposed Means of

Finance

Promoters contribution (in Lakh Rs.)&%

Bank Term loan (in Lakh Rs.) &%

Un secured loan (in Lakh Rs.) &%

Total

20. Likely Employment generation (man days)

21. Security

22. Gestation period

23. Projected

Key

Financial

Parameters

Current Ratio other than export units

24. CR-Export units

IRR /BCR

DSCR*

Average DSCR

Debt to Equity Ratio i.e DER

TOL/TNW

Promoters Contribution

Break Even Point

Security Coverage Ratio

Repayment period

25. Productivity expected (in MT/Qtl/Kg/numbers)

26. Likely Gap in productivity compared to National /Global average

27. Potential Market (s)for the commodity and distance from the project

7

site

1.About the Applicant / Promoter and his/her entrepreneurship

A. About Applicant / Promoter

1.1.In case of Individuals or Group of farmers (if applicable)

Individual

1. Name of Farmer /

Entrepreneur/Individual/ Proprietor

2. Parents or spouse name of Individual

Group of Farmer growers / SHG- Promoters

1. Name of Group

2. Names of all members of group with their

father, mother/husband/ wife name

1.2.In case of Legal entity (if applicable)

Name / Title

1. Incorporation / Registration number & date of registration

2. Act under which Registered

3. Registering authority

4. Name of Promoter / CEO/CMD/MD/

5. If it is FPO/ FPC/ Producers Co-op society / Growers Co-operative

Marketing federation- Please specify

6. If it is Reg. Society/ Company/ Corporation / Partnership firm /

Proprietary firm- Please specify

7. Name of Promoter

8. Status of the promoter / applicant in the legal entity-please specify

9. Whether the promoter / applicant is authorised by the Legal entity-

Yes/No

10. In case of Company/partnership firms / legal person

a. Certified copy of Company/Partnership incorporation/ registration

certificate issued by Competent Authority, as applicable

b. Certified copy of MoA/Bye Laws

c. Certified copy of Board of Directors Resolution duly passed and

authorizing signatory of application to apply for IPA

d. Certified copy of latest Audit Report, if applicable

i. (are to be made available in case the project and the

application is considered for processing.- State Yes/No

11. NGO- Specify

1.3.Government Institutions / Organisations-- Please specify (if applicable)

(i) Marketing Board / Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee APMC

(ii) Municipal Corporation

(iii) PSU/ Agro-Industries Corporation

(iv) ICAR/CAU/SAU/ Government R&D Institution

8

1.4.Statutary registration

a. PAN No

b. Aadhaar No. Yes/No

1.5.Correspondence Address Postal Address with PIN code

Telephone

Mobile

Email id

Fax if any:

1.6.Project / Site Address

1.7.Social Category

( In case of legal entity the

CEO and Board of Directors

social category is to be

mentioned)

General / SC/ST

OBC

Minority

(Muslim/Christians/Sikhs/Buddhists/Parsis/Jains)

In case of SC/ST applicants a Certified copy of

Caste Certificate issued by Competent Authority

is to be enclosed. In case of others a self-

declaration is to be enclosed.

1.8.Location: TSP / NE Region

/ Hilly States

In case of TSP a self-attested copy of notification

is to be enclosed.

1.9.Gender Male / Female/Transgender

9

B. Applicant/ Promoters’ Entrepreneurship:

1.10. CV / Biodata of Applicant (s) / Promoter (s) (Authorised by legal entity)in brief: ( If

applicants are more than one, all are to provide their CV / Biodata)

a. Name of Applicant/ Promoter:

b. Fathers’ name:

c. Date of Birth

d. Place of Birth (village/town/city, District and State)

e. Permanent Address:

f. Educational qualification (Higher Secondary, Under graduation Degree and above)

Education

Metric/ U

Name of

education /

specialisation

Board /

College /

University/

Institute

Year of

Pass

Remarks

g. Current profession.

h. Previous profession during the last 5 Years.

i. Experience- General and Horticulture

a. General (Other than Horticulture)

b. Horticulture

1.11.Commitment by the applicant:In case the project is approvedfor pre-IPA, the promoter

/ CEO/CMD should undergo a 2 Weeks (min.10 working days)project specific training

programmein case of Open field condition and protective cover (with or without PHM

component) and a minimum of 1 Week programme in case of standalone PHM component in

one of the ICAR/CAU/SAU/SHU/ Research Station/ Centres of Excellence/ related Central

or State Government institution/ others as found appropriate / approved by NHB.

10

In case of a Partnership firm/ Company / Legal person

a. Objectives as per Memorandum of Association (MoA) / Rules:

b. Professional history of Legal entities Farmers Producer Organisations (FPOs), Self

Help Groups, Partnership/ Proprietary Firms, NGOs, Companies (as a Board of

Director), Corporations, Cooperatives, Co-operative Marketing federations/

Government Institutions.

c. Management structure if it is a company/ firm etc depicting the position of the

applicant.

11

2.Details of benefits availed/ proposed to be availed by the applicant- either individually

or as a member of Association of growers, Group of Farmer Growers/consumers, Farmers

Producer Organisations (FPOs), Self Help Groups, Partnership/ Proprietary Firms, NGOs,

Companies (as a Board of Director), Corporations, Cooperatives, Co-operative Marketing

federations from (i) NHB and (ii) other Ministries/ organisations of Central Government and

(iii) State Governments including NHM for Horticulture related projects.

Note: The beneficiary should be truthful. In case any information is received later on at any

stage about his/her availing of benefit which is not disclosed hereunder will entitle NHB to

reject the current proposal and recover the funds if already released.

2.1. In this / proposed project and location:

1. Whether the proposed project proposal has been submitted for consideration under

any State Government or Central Government Scheme for financial grant? If yes give

details.

2. Whether any subsidy has been availed from the Board, other Central Govt.

organisation or State Government for the same activity on the same piece of land,

khasra/ Gat/Dag/ etceither in his / her own name individually or in the name of his/her

family members or through any legal entity in which he/she is the beneficiary either in

the same location, project.- Yes/ No.If Yes, Please provide details

Constitutio

n –

Individuall

y or in any

form

Ministr

y/

Organi

sation

Schem

e

Name

Project

/

Activit

y

Project

Locatio

n

Land

Surve

y No

Eligibl

e

Project

cost

( Rs.in

lakhs)

Total

subsid

y/

grant

( Rs.in

lakhs)

Current

status of

project-

Operational

/

underutilise

d / closed

12

2.2. In earlier/ any other Project (s)

2.2.1.NHB : either in his / her own name individually or in the name of his / her family

members or through any legal entity in which he / she is the beneficiary either in the current

proposed project location or any other location. Whether any assistance in the form of soft

loan and subsidy has been availed earlier from the National Horticulture Board? If yes, give

details thereof

Year Scheme

Name

Project /

Activity

Project

Location

Land

Survey

No

Eligible

Project

cost

Total

subsidy

/grant

availed

Current status

of project-

Operational /

underutilised /

closed

2.2.2.Central Government- Ministries / Organisations: either in his / her own name

individually or in the name of his / her family members or through any legal entity in which

he / she is the beneficiary either in the current proposed project location or any other location.

Year Scheme

Name

Project /

Activity

Project

Location

Land

Survey

No

Eligible

Project

cost

Total

subsidy /

grant

availed

Current status

of project-

Operational /

underutilised /

closed

2.2.3.State Governments: either in his / her own name individually or in the name of his / her

family members or through any legal entity in which he / she is the beneficiary either in the

current proposed project location or any other location.

Year Scheme

Name

Project /

Activity

Project

Location

Land

Survey

No

Eligible

Project

cost

Total

subsidy

/grant

availed

Current status

of project-

Operational /

underutilised /

closed

13

2.3. Operational status of earlier Scheme under NHB and other Central Ministries and State

Government.

Year Organisation

/ Ministry

Activity Project

Operational

status

(Running or

Closed)

Annual

Turnover

(of

previous

Year)

Exports

if any

Profitable

or loss

making

Remarks

/ Reasons

2.4.Please provide map of earlier / other subjects and this project- Key map of project land

showing project details and land boundary details

2.5. Provide the following details:

a. Have you ever been refused / denied subsidy claim from NHB, NHM, APEDA,

NCDC, MoFPI? If Yes please provide details of (i) Project code, (ii) Name of

Applicant, (iii) Address (iv) Project activity etc. and the reason for such refusal /

denial:

b. If you were a recipient of Government subsidy, have you / your Bank/FI ever been

asked to refund the subsidy / call back ? If Yes please provide details of (i) Project

code, (ii) Name of Applicant, (iii) Address (iv) Project activity etc. and the reason for

such refusal / denial:

Attention:

1. In case the project application is considered for Pre-IPA, the applicant shall have to

enclose No Objection Certificate from State Government that there is no duplication of

funding for the project and the applicant shall also submit self-declaration that he/she is

not availing government subsidy / grant / assistance from any other ministry.

14

4. About the Project, Rationale, Management and Description

2.1.About the Project

1. Name of the Project

2. Correspondence Address:

3. Address of Project Site :

4. Project Activity and Scheme components (Should be as per NHB scheme latest

scheme guidelines- please verify):

No.

Name of the scheme and component Unit Tick mark

relevant

componen

t

5 Development of Commercial Horticulture through

Production and Post-Harvest Management of

Horticulture Crops


2. Integrated PHM

a. 3.1.Pack House

b. 3.2.Integrated Pack house

c. 3.3.Pre-cooling unit

d. 3.4. Cold Room (Staging)

e. 3.5. Mobile Pre-cooling unit

f. 3.6.Ripening Chamber

g. 3.7 Primary Processing

h. 3.8 Refer Van

i. 3.9.Retail outlet (environmentally

controlled)

3. Add on components

6. Details of Crop in case of Open field condition / Protected cover

Name of the

Crops

Variety /

Hybrid/

Cultivar

Area ( acres ) No. of plants Source of

Planting

Material

7. Products, by products and Services of the Project

8. Objectives of the Project

9. Expected Outcomes of the Project including Products / and Services of the Project

10. Socio-economic benefit to the region /District / State

15

3.2.Rationale / Justification for the project

3.2.1. Rationale

3.2.2.Details of similar projects / crop in the neighbourhood and the District -Area,

Production, Productivity briefly. Provide more details in Market viability chapter.

3.2.3.How quality of inputs/ raw materials is assured.

3.2.4.About Bank/ FI: Name of the Bank/FI, branch and its code identified for Term loan

and Rationale

Name of Bank/ FI

Bank/FI Branch Address

Bank/FI Branch contact Number

IFSC code

16

3.3.Project Site/ Land details:

3.3.1.Proposed Project Area:

Activity Area proposed

1 Cultivation –

Open Cultivation (Ha)

Protected Cultivation (Sq.Mt)

2 PHM

3 Plant and Machinery

4 Any other activity

3.3.2.Land details- RoR/ Ownership / Registration of lease/ map etc.

Name of Owner of land proposed for the project

as per Land Revenue Records

Whether title of the land is clear in the name of

applicant and is free from any litigation

How Title is derived Ancestral

Purchased (with details

of date)

Encumbrances if any

Name of the Owner in case of joint ownership Survey/

Gat

/khasraNo

etc.

Area in

Sq.mt / Ha

Share

Whether land boundaries are demarcated for the

applicant clearly.

Yes/No

In case of Partnership

1. Whether land is owned by Partnership

firm or jointly by its partners

Yes/No

2. NOC:If land is owned by one of the

partner, an undertaking by land owner is

required stating that he/she will not

withdraw, sale or transfer his/her land

during currency period of the project

In case of Lease

1. In case the land is that of leased,

Registration details of the said leased

land in the office of Sub-Registrar

2. No.of Years of lease

3. Whether lease is entered in RoR Yes/No

Whether land is mortgaged? If yes provide

details of mortgagor and mortgagee

17

3.4. Location of the Project- Identification (Longitude, Latitude, Altitude, Village, GP,

Block, District, State), Area, Number of growers.

1. Location Address

2. a. Survey/Khasra/ Dag/ Other No

3. b. Habitation/ Village

4. c. Gram Panchayat / Urban body

5. d. Block / Urban body

6. e. Sub-Division

7. f. District

8. g. State /UT

9. Location Longitude, Latitude& Altitude

10. Total Area of land owned (ha)

11. Total Area proposed for project (ha)

3.5. Current usage of land of proposed Project Area

Proposed Project Current usage

Survey / Dag

etc.No

Nature of

land

Dry/

Irrigated/

Waste land

Area (ha) Activity /

Crop

Area (ha) Mortgage

Yes/No

If Yes with

whom

18

3.6. Current infrastructure and assets possessed by the Applicant:

Category Asset Name Year of

Purchase

Make Capacity Cost

Fixed

Assets

Tube well

Dug Well

Drip irrigation

Electric Motors

Tractor

Tiller

Transport vans

Vermi compost shed

Stores

Pack house

Labour room

Water harvesting pond

Installation/digging

Pipeline

Others

Operating

Assets

Planting Material

Support system

Tools and implements

3.7. Lay out plan of the project/ Map of Farm / production/ Operations unit / project land

showing project details and land boundary details

3.8. Conversion of Land Use (CLU) if applicable

3.9. Whether project site is part of production belt / cluster / hub ? If yes, provide

details of working relations with other farmers

19

3.10. Rationale for the choosing the said Location for implementation of the project/ Location

advantages and disadvantages

20

3.11. Compliance of project site for food safety

The information on soil condition and site on water logging, industrial waste and effluents.

Run off and contaminated water is not allowed to enter fields.

21

3.12. Components / Activities of the Project with justification (Please refer NHB scheme

guidelines)

No.

Name of the scheme and component Justification

1 Development of Commercial Horticulture

through Production and Post-Harvest

Management of Horticulture Crops

1. Open field for specified crops

2. Protected cultivation for specified crops ---

3. Integrated PHM

3.1.Integrated Pack house

3.2.Pack House

3.3.Pre-cooling unit ---

3.4. Cold Room (Staging) ---

3.5. Mobile Pre-cooling unit ---

3.6.Ripening Chamber ---

3.7 Primary Processing

3.8. Refer Van

3.8.Retail outlet (environmentally

controlled)

22

Component wise cost of the Project and NHB Norms

Scheme

Component

Items Sub- items Capacity/

Area/

spacing/

size

Etc.

Units/

Numbers

Likely

/ unit

cost

NHB

Norm

(Rs/

Acre)

Open field

Cultivation

Cultivation

Expenses

Planting material 6650

Input cost

(Labour, Manure

& Fertilisers,

pesticides etc.)

MID

H

Norm

s

Others

Irrigation

Tube well/ bore

well/ Open well

(Nos.)

2.5La

khs/

Cost of Pipeline

from source of

irrigation to

production

unit(Length, Size

& Material)

150/-

per

runni

ng

metre

(4”

dia)

Water harvesting

structure / Water

tank min. 300

microns

Rs

100/-

Cum

(300

micro

ms/R

CC)

Non lined

ponds/tanks

30%

less

of

abov

e

Others

Drip / Sprinkler 20,00

0/ per

Acre

Civil

Infrastructure

Functional pack

house

Rs

4Lak

hs

per

unit

Store & Pump

house (Area in

sq.ft with size)

Rs

2000

0/-

per

Acre

Labour room & go Rs

23

down (Area in

Sq.ft with size)

2000

0/-

per

Acre

Others

Farm

Mechanisation

(AC)

Tractor upto 20

BHP

Rs.3

Lakh

s

Power Tiller HP Rs.10

5

Lakh

s

Equipment’s-

driven by Tractor/

Power Tiller

3000

0/ per

unit

Mulch laying

machine

Self-propelled

hort. Machinery

Others

Land

Development

Soil levelling /

Digging/Fencing

etc.

15 %

Others if any

Land if newly purchased but not

before one year from date of

sanction of Term loan (indicate

year)

10%

Vermi Compost Unit Rs.60

000/

unit

1. Permanent Structure Rs.60

000/

unit

2, HDPE Vermibed(12ft X 4ft X2 ft) Rs.10

000/

unit

Certification of Good Agricultural

Practices (GAP) including

infrastructure (AC)

Rs.40

00/

Acre

Plastic Mulching Rs.12

800

/Acre

Others

Grand Total Note: NHB Norm: means Over all ceiling in project mode with add on component as per NHB Scheme guidelines.

(Appendix 1-A)

AC: Add on component: Over and above the cost ceiling.

24

3.13.Operations Planning

1. Name of Farm / Project Manager (working directly

under the applicant / CEO) if any.-optional

2. Name of agency executing erection of Protected

structure -and contact person Name and contact

numbers

3. Name of agency providing technical know-how

and turn key for cultivation- and contact person

Name and contact numbers

ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod

04994-232894

4. Operations:

1. Land preparation Own / custom hiring

2. Procuring planting material/ seeds Own / outsourcing

3. Orchard planning, layout Own / outsourcing

4. Water and nutrient management Own / outsourcing

5. Integrated Pest & Disease management Own / outsourcing

6. Physiological disorders Own / outsourcing

7. Farm Mechanisation Own / outsourcing

8. Harvesting/ Fruit care management Own / outsourcing

9. Post-Harvest Management Own / outsourcing

a. Pre-cooling Own / outsourcing

b. Curing Own / outsourcing

c. Cleaning / Washing Own / outsourcing

d. Sorting and Grading Own / outsourcing

e. Packing and labelling Own / outsourcing

f. Ripening Own / outsourcing

g. Transport Own / outsourcing

h. Storage- Low cost / Cold Room/

CA

Own / outsourcing

i. Refer van Own / outsourcing

j. Retail outlet Own / outsourcing

k. Cold chain Own / outsourcing

10. Marketing Own / outsourcing

11. Processing Own / outsourcing

25

3.14. Month wise operational chart / Implementation schedule: Commencement to

completion:

Project Implementation period in case of approval: Months.

Proposed/ Tentative dates of Bench mark / Activity Approximate date

Project Commencement

First Commercial Crop /

plantation / operations if any

Project Completion

Activity Uni

ts

Months

JF MA MJ JA SO ND

1. Land

development

Year 1

2. Land

preparation

Year 1

3. Procuring

planting

material/

seeds

Year 1

4. Orchard

planning and

layout

Year 1 Year 1

5. Water and

nutrient

management

Through

out the

economi

c life

Through

out the

economi

c life

Through

out the

economi

c life

Through

out the

economi

c life

Through

out the

economi

c life

Through

out the

economi

c life

6. Integrated

Pest &

Disease

management

Through

out the

economi

c life

Through

out the

economi

c life

Through

out the

economi

c life

Through

out the

economi

c life

Through

out the

economi

c life

Through

out the

economi

c life

7. Physiological

disorders

As and

when

occurred

As and

when

occurred

As and

when

occurred

As and

when

occurred

As and

when

occurred

As and

when

occurred

8. Farm

Mechanisatio

n-

procurement

9. Farm

Mechanisatio

n operations

10. Harvesting/

Fruit care

management

Peak

season

(from 8th

year

onwards)

Peak

season

(from 8th

year

onwards)

Peak

season

(from 8th

year

onwards)

11. Post-Harvest

26

Management

a) Dehuskin

g

Accordin

g to the

harvest

Accordin

g to the

harvest

Accordin

g to the

harvest

Accordin

g to the

harvest

Accordin

g to the

harvest

Accordin

g to the

harvest

b) Sorting

and

Grading

Large

and

small

nuts

Large

and

small

nuts

Large

and

small

nuts

Large

and

small

nuts

Large

and

small

nuts

Large

and

small

nuts

c) Transport

d) Storage

e) Cold

chain

12. Marketing

13. Value/

addition

Processing

Accordin

g to the

product

line

Accordin

g to the

product

line

Accordin

g to the

product

line

Accordin

g to the

product

line

Accordin

g to the

product

line

Accordin

g to the

product

line Note: The table can be extended as per need.JF: January/ February; MA: March/April and similarly other abbreviations.

3.15. Backward and Forward linkages

1. Backward linkages -with growers, input suppliers etc.

Operations Agency / Agents / providers Remarks

Seed/ Planting Material ICAR-CPCRI, Kerala

Agricultural University

Manure Co-Op Societies

Fertilizers Co-Op Societies

Bio fertilizers State Department of

Agriculture

Bio pesticides State Department of

Agriculture

Pesticides / Insecticide Co-Op Societies

others

27

2. Forward linkages- for Domestic and Export Market

Operations Agency / Agents / Service

providers

Remarks

Storage Unit

Processing Unit

Local Market NAFED

Terminal market NAFED

Farm Market

3. Briefly explain as to how the produce will be consolidated (backward linkages) and

marketed/exported (forward linkages)

It is always better to go for at least minimum processing in the case of coconuts. Once we

follow the standard practices/ community based copra drying, the copra will fetch excellent

market price, if followed the market outlet through coconut producer’s society. In the case of

price crash, minimal processed better copra will fetch assured prices from the NAFED or

other authorised state level procuring agencies.

28

3.16. Manpower (Skilled Labour, Expertise etc.), Required, Already available, Gaps and the

management in an Year.

3.16.1.Managerial and Technical

Managerial Technical Gap

Requirement Availability Requirement Availability S US Number No.of

Days

Number No.of

Days

N D N D

a)

b)

c)

3.16.2. Skilled and Unskilled Labour

Skilled Labour Unskilled labour Gap

Requirement Availability Requirement Availability S US Number No.of

Days

Number No.of

Days

N D N D

Operations/

activity

d) Administration

e) Manager

f) Finance &

Accounts

g) Typing / IT

operations

h) Watch man

Crop husbandry

*

a) Digging pits 6 10

b) Planting 4 1

c) Base opening

and

application of

manures and

fertilizers

10 3

d) Irrigation

(Drip)

0.5 220

e) Weeding

(Machine)

2 2 2 2

f) Plant

protection

measures

12 3 1 3

g) Harvesting 5 6 1 6

* For 175 plams/ha

29

3.17. Employment Generation per annum

No.of man days / Annum

Permanent man power -Permanent (on rolls)

Casual / Temporary

3.18. Infrastructure (Power, Fuel, Water, Plant and Machinery, Effluents treatment etc.)-

Required, Already available, Gaps and the management.

Utility Requirement Remarks

Power Likely requirement per month for the

purposes of …………………………

Source of Power

Access to Power is assured or not

Alternative Source of Power in case of

breakdowns

Water Source – Ground Water /Surface Water

Existing or New source

Plant &

Machinery

Fuel Access to fuel to power- Generators-

Yes/No

Nearest fuel depot

Effluent

treatment

Facility and method adopted for effluent

treatment.

Road

connectivity

Distance from the State Highway and

National Highway.

Rail

connectivity

Air connectivity

Market

connectivity

Vermi compost If available Numbers and Capacity.

Types:1. Permanent Structure and 2,

HDPE Vermibed (12ft X 4ft X2 ft)

Animal

Husbandry

Details of Animals

Capacity / Income

Environmental

issues of the

project if any

Fencing

Any other

30

3.19. SWOT Analysis

1 Strengths

Domestic market

Excellent R & D

Empowerment-Decentralised

Coconut Producer Societies

2 Weaknesses Global competitiveness-Weak

Diseconomies of scale

Senile palms

Long gestation period

Price fluctuation

3 Opportunities Growth rate in coconut consumption (confectionery use)

Unexplored domestic market

4 Threats Evolving Free Trade Agreements

Stringent food safety norms

Possible short term price crash

Substitutes such as palm oil

31

3.20. Monitoring and evaluation of Project:

ICAR Institute or CAU/SAU / SHU or Consultant or any other organisation

ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod

Attention of the applicant:

1. Applicant has to intimate the Board before effecting change of project land, crop, area,

bank etc in the proposal before claim of subsidy. (page 121 of guidelines point 10(vi).

Thus Any change in crop or project site without prior approval of NHB shall make the

component or project, as the case may be, ineligible for getting subsidy.

2. Even the change in FI / Banker should be done with prior approval of NHB.

(Signature of the Applicant)

with date and time.

32

4 NHB Scheme under which the project is proposed with rationale /

justification.

1. Scheme.1: “Development of Commercial Horticulture through Production and Post

Harvest Management of Horticulture Crops”.

1.1 Commercial Horticulture Development in Open Field Conditions on Project

Mode

National Horticulture Board will take up integrated commercial horticulture

development projects in the open field condition on project mode, including

components viz planting material, plantation, irrigation, fertigation, mechanisation,

precision farming, GAP etc. for projects covering area over 2.00 ha. (5 Acres).

Integration of production unit with on farm PHM components and primary processing

unit shall also be allowed in project mode. Cost of raising new plantation will vary

from crop to crop, which will be taken into consideration while providing assistance

to the beneficiary. PHM infrastructures, irrigation and micro irrigation etc shall be

eligible under the scheme for assistance in existing/new orchards/ projects to increase

productivity.

1.2. Integrated Post Harvest Management projects

The Board will take up Integrated Post Harvest Management projects relating to Pack

House, Ripening Chamber, Refer Van , Retail Outlets, Pre-cooling unit, Primary

processing etc. NHB will also take up projects in component mode and for standalone

projects of PHM components.

2. Cost Norms and pattern of assistance:

2.1 Cost Norms: Coconut

No. of plants /Acre:95 Nos

Planting Material/Acre Rs.6650/-

Overall ceiling In Project mode with add on component: Rs.1, 50,000/-

2.2 Pattern of assistance

Credit linked back ended subsidy @ 40% of project cost limited to Rs.30.00 lakh per project in general areas and @ 50% of project cost limited to Rs. 37.50 lakh for NE and Hilly States for subsidy on the

pattern of HMNEH States and scheduled areas. 2.3. Cost Norms & Pattern of Assistance The Maximum cost ceiling of Rs. 145.00 lakhs for the component of PHM project. NHB cost norms for Primary processing at the rate of Rs.25lakhs / unit.

33

3. Rationale for justification for taking up the proposed project under the scheme No.1

and its components.

34

5. Project details

35

5.1 Agro-climatic suitability

5.1.1.Origin, History, and Distribution

1. Origin of the crop and its introduction into India:

The Imperial Government of India sets up a Central Department of Agriculture

controlled by the Imperial Secretariat and agriculture departments were set up in the

provinces to primarily look after agricultural enquiry, agricultural development and

famine relief in the country. In line with this development, three separate blocks of

vacant land in and around the village of Nileshwar (Nileshwar I (Pilicode), 15 acres),

Nileshwar II (20 acres), Nileshwar III (20 acres) and an existing coconut garden in

Kudlu Village (26 acres) (all in the present day Kasaragod district of Kerala state,

India) were acquired in order to obtain representative soils, on which coconuts were

generally cultivated on the West Coast and thus four sub-stations have now been

started in the South Kanara district of erstwhile Madras Presidency. the standing

coconut crop (though not scientifically planted) in the newly acquired Kudlu block

(where the present CPCRI is located now) was used for initiating preliminary

experiments as a trial-run for collecting valuable data for proper planning of future

experiments. By all records, probably, this must be the earliest case of organized

systematic research on coconut the world over. The development of hybrid varieties

involving tall and dwarf types is a major landmark in the annals of coconut

improvement. It was the pioneering work of Dr. J.S. Patel and his team that paved

the way for the exploitation of heterosis in coconut. The first hybrid was produced by

crossing local West Coast Tall with the Chowghat Dwarf Green and the hybrids were

planted at Nileshwar in 1934 for evaluation. Since then, six coconut hybrids have

been developed/released from CPCRI, a mammoth achievement in itself, considering

that developing and evaluating a new hybrid in a perennial crop like coconut takes

about two decades.

36

2. Distribution of crop across the country

Table. Distribution of coconuts across the country-2016-17

Sl

No

States /Union

Territories

Area ('000

Hectares)

Production (Million

nuts)

Productivity

(Nuts/ha)

1 Kerala 770.79 7448.65 9664

2 Karnataka 513.85 6773.05 13181

3 Tamil Nadu 461.06 6570.63 14251

4 Andhra Pradesh 115.21 1377.53 11957

5 Odisha 50.91 341.68 6711

6 West Bengal 29.63 374.56 12641

7 Gujarat 24.44 336.65 13775

8 Maharashtra 20.90 198.85 9514

9 Assam 20.60 153.27 7440

10 Bihar 14.90 141.09 9469

11 Tripura 4.61 32.23 6991

12 Chhattisgarh 1.48 8.77 5926

13 Telengana 0.50 2.09 4180

14 Nagaland 0.47 2.67 5681

15 Others 52.76 142.38 2699

All India 2082.11 23904.10 11481

Source: Horticulture Division, Dept. of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare,

Government of India.

37

5.1.2.Agro-climatic / Horticultural zones including Rainfall, temperatures at critical

stages and suitability of the project (Not applicable to standalone PHM projects)

Parameter Recommended@ Project location

parameters#

Remarks /

deviations

Climate Tropical Tropical

Altitude Between 20° N and 20° S latitudes

Climatric / Non Climatric Non Climatric

Thermosensitive ness of crop Not

thermosensitive

Photosensitive Photoinsensitive

Temperature range

1. Mean monthly /

Average temperature

27-32° C

2. Av.Max.temperature 32-34 ° C

3. Av.night temperature 18-25° C

4. During Crop duration 21-32° C

5. Flowering

6. Fruiting

7. Maturity

8. Fruit quality

9. Season Tropical

monsoon

Rainfall / Water

1. Land preparation 1000 mm

2. Flowering 1300 -2300 mm

3. Fruiting 1300 -1500 mm

4. Maturity <1000 mm

5. Season

Humidity 80-85%

1. Flowering >60 %

2. Fruiting >60 %

3. Maturity >60 %

4. Season

Winds during crop season

1. Wind velocity

Shade loving?

@ Note: Organisation / Institution (ICAR/CAU/SAU/SHU/ other) making recommendation

and its source should be specified.

#: Provide source (could be IMD/Agric.Univ/State Govt.) and weblink if possible.

Risk management/ Deviation Management if any:

Conclusion: Whether project crop is recommended for the project location Yes/No

38

5.1.3.Soil Type and health -requirements and that of project suitability

(Not applicable to standalone PHM projects)

As recommended

by ICAR

/CAU/SAU/SHU

Project location

data as per latest

Soil health test

Deviation if

any and

Management

Date on which

soil health is

tested and the

name of the

Institute

Soil type Laterite, coastal sandy, alluvial, and also in reclaimed soils of the marshy lowlands

Texture Sandy loam

pH 5-8

Organic carbon 0.5-1.0

Electrical

conductivity

<4 dS/m

Potassium 108-280 kg/ha

Nitrogen 280-56 kg/ha

Phosphorus 10-25 kg/ha



#: Provide details of Soil Test Laboratory (should be that of Agriculture Dept/ Agric.Univ/

Central or State Government) where Soil is tested with contact details of Head of Laboratory/

Analyst with telephone and mobile details and weblink if possible. A self-attested copy of the

laboratory results should be submitted in case project is qualified for processing for subsidy

claim.

Whether project location is a problematic soil- Alkalinity/Salinity/Others: if Yes.

1. Causes

2. Reclamation / Management/ Amendments proposed:

Conclusion:

Whether project location soil is suitable for the crop / activity.

39

5.1.4.Water/ Irrigation water Quality -requirements and that of project suitability

(Not applicable to standalone PHM projects)

As recommended by

ICAR /CAU/SAU/SHU

Project location data as per

latest Water Analysis test#

pH 5-8

EC <4 ds/m

Total salt concentration / TDS < 500 mg/L

Sodium Absorption Ratio (

SAR)

<18 millimol/L

Bi-Carbonate <1.5 me/L

Boron concentration <1 ppm

Heavy metals Traces

Pesticide residue Nil



#: Provide details of Laboratory (should be that of Agriculture Dept/ Agric.Univ/ Central or

State Government) where water is tested with contact details of Head of Laboratory/ Analyst

with telephone and mobile details. A self-attested copy of the laboratory results should be

submitted in case project is qualified for processing for subsidy claim.

Conclusion: Whether project location water source is

suitable for the crop / activity.

Yes / No

40

5.2.Project- Market viability of the Project

5.2.1. Commercial(and nutritive -where ever applicable) importance / significance,

composition and uses.

Coconut plays a very significant role in the economy of India. India is the leading coconut

producer in the world (31%) with a production of 20440 million nuts from an area of 1975

thousand hectares. The productivity of India is the highest (10614 nuts/ha) among major

coconut producing countries in the world. The present production of arecanut in the world is

about 1.13 million tonnes from an area of 0.91 million ha. India ranks first in both area and

production of the crop. The overall average yield per hectare has improved from 843 kg/ha

during 1971 to 1558 kg/ha by the year 2016. Average yield of newly released coconut

varieties is around 120 nuts/ palm/ year which is double the national average of 60 nuts/

palm/ year. By adopting the new varieties, the existing crop productivity levels can be

enhanced to the tune of 100% in terms of nut/copra yield. In terms of Gross Value Output,

coconut contributes Rs. 95000 million to the national income. Coconut industry provides

livelihood to about twelve million people in India. Coconut tree is called as "Kalpa Vriksha"

which essentially means that all parts of a coconut tree is useful in one way or the

other. Coconut palms have many uses; their leaves are used for thatching traditional houses,

making sheds, baskets, and the husk for making coir and other coir products. The shell is

used for making charcoal and activated carbon, ladles and spoons, and fruits for making

copra and coconut oil and other value added products. Coconut is a staple ingredient in

traditional cuisines of many states. Technology for collection of fresh, hygienic and

unfermented coconut inflorescence sap (Kalparasa) has been developed. Other value added

products like coconut sugar, virgin coconut oil, coconut chips, dark chocolate, drinking

chocolate, frozen delicacy etc. and their adoption has improved the income of farmers and

also generated employment in coconut sector.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala

41

5.2.2.Targetted market (s) : Domestic or International. In case of International market, the

applicant have to refer APEDA export requirements and should specify compliance

appropriately with in the document. In case of domestic market specify the intended market

briefly while more details be provided in Marketing chapter.

5.2.3.Statistics: India and State.

1. India: Area, Production and Productivity in the area, State and India for the last 5-10

years

National picture

Year Area (thousand

ha)

Production

(million nuts)

Productivity

nuts/ha

Global Productivity

nuts/Ha

Highest* Average

2012-

2013

2136.67 22680.03 10615 10615 5433

2013-

2014

2140.50 21665.19 10122 10122 5870

2014-

2015

1975.81 20439.60 10345 10345 5707

2015-

2016

2088.47 22167.45 10614 10614 5618

2016-

2017

2082.11 23904.10 11481 11481 5592

Source: Coconut Development Board, Kochi

: APCC Statistical yearbooks (various issues)

*Among major producing countries

2. State wise picture- Top 10 producing states

States /Union

Territories

Area (thousand

ha)

Production

(million nuts)

Productivity

nuts/ha

Kerala 770.79 7448.65 9664

Karnataka 513.85 6773.05 13181

Tamil Nadu 461.06 6570.63 14251

Andhra Pradesh 115.21 1377.53 11957

Odisha 50.91 341.68 6711

42

West Bengal 29.63 374.56 12641

Gujarat 24.44 336.65 13775

Maharashtra 20.90 198.85 9514

Assam 20.60 153.27 7440

Bihar 14.90 141.09 9469


3. Project State Picture (Mandatory)

State Area

(thousan

d ha)

Productio

n

States’

contributio

n to Nation

(%)

Productivit

y

nuts/ha

Gap in Productivity

(nuts/ha)

State

Av.

Nationa

l Av

Global

Highest

*

Kerala 770.79 7448.65 37.02

9664 9664 11481 11481

Karnatak

a

513.85 6773.05

24.68

13181 1318

1

11481 11481

Tamil

Nadu

461.06 6570.63

22.14

14251 1425

1

11481 11481

Andhra

Pradesh

115.21 1377.53

5.53

11957 1195

7

11481 11481

Odisha 50.91 341.68 2.44

6711 6711 11481 11481


: APCC Statistical yearbooks (various issues)

*Among major producing countries

4. Project State- district wise performance in the said crop producing districts in Last

Year (Mandatory)

Area Production Productivity District Area

(ha)

% of

State

Area

District Production

(MT)

% of State

Production

District Productivity

(T/ha)

Ranking

43

Source:

5.Project crop in the state: Time trend of Area, Production and Productivity (Mandatory)

District Item Current Year CY-2 CY-3 CY-4

District.1 Area

Production

Productivity

District.2

Source:

6.Share of project Crop- in terms of Area and Production in overall fruits/vegetables.

Crop Area Production

Ha % MT %

Total 100 100

Source:

7.Availability of Storage facilities in the project area / District / StateSource: (Desirable Data)

Year Commodity Low cost storage structures Cold storage CA Storage No. Capacity Capacity

utilisation

No. Capacity Capacity

utilisation

No. Capacity Capacity

utilisation

Commodity / produce Storage

required in the

area

Storage

available in the

area

Gap Remarks

44

6.2.4. Clusters/ Zones

5.2.4.1.Crop clusters in the State (Mandatory)

Cluster District No.of villages No.of farmers Total Area

1

2

3

4

5.2.4.2.Crop Agricultural Economic Zones in the State / UT, if any (Desirable)

Cluster District No.of villages No.of farmers Total Area

1

2

3

4

45

5.2.5. Demand for the commodity :( based on the available data- minimum for the project

area, district and the state)

Demand -Supply gap for the commodity

Unit Demand No.of growers Supply /

production

Gap Remarks

Nos. Area

Project area

District

where

project is

located

State

Country

Globally

Note: Applicant may take the help of District Horticulture Officer.

5.2.5. A.Projections of production, productivity, targets for domestic and export market (Desirable)

Year Production Productivity Local

Market

Value

in Rs.

Terminal

market

Value

in Rs.

Export

Market

Value

in Rs.

46

5.2.6. Global producers- Country, Area, Production, Productivity and global market share

Country Area

(‘000ha)

% share Production

(million nuts)

% share Productivity

( nuts/ha)

Indonesia 3571 29.8 14804 20.5 4530

Philippines 3517 29.3 14735 20.4 4196

India 1975 16.5 20440 28.4 10119

Sri Lanka 440 3.7 3056 4.2 6623

Tanzania 128 1.1 554 0.8 1379

Brazil 250 2.1 2893 4.0 11923

Papua New Guinea 221 1.8 1483 2.1 6709

Thailand 202 1.7 809 1.1 4859

Others 1684 14.0 13321 18.5 5662

Total 11988 100.0 72095 100.0 5777

5.2.7. International trade market and potential:

(collect from APEDA Agri-exchange website at http://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/; including

product profile, statistics and market intelligence sites esp. International trade and Global

Analytical report in brief to the extent of relevance; may also refer DGCIS

sitehttp://www.dgciskol.gov.in/for more information)

http://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/

http://www.dgciskol.gov.in/

47

5.2.8. Seasonality matrix of the fruit (Desirable Data):

Seasonality matrix of the crop with reference to other fruits / vegetables

Fruits Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Lean Season

Peak Season

Demand and Supply issues specific to project area:

48

5.2.9 Price variation of Commodities at State / UT Capital or at a Major Fruit &

Vegetables Market

Local Market: 1 Unit=Rs. Per Qtl/MT/Kg

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

5.2.10.Balance sheet of commodity in the State (Desirable Data/ Voluntary)

Year: Qty: 000Tons

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Stored/

Carry in

Fresh

Production/

Arrivals

Imports

Availability

In LT

Storage

Consumption

Exports

Post

Production

losses

Total Usage

Carry out

Source:

Note:

49

5.2.11.Whether transportation infrastructure is available.

1. Mode of transportation / arrangement:

2. Whether cold chain facility available locally if so details of service providers and

contact person name.

5.2.12.Value Addition scope/ potential

There exists a huge scope for coconut based agri-business in India in order to increase the

present 8% level of value addition to 25%, thereby value added products becoming a

deciding factor in the price movement of coconut to ensure fair, reasonable and steady price

to coconut farmers. Foreseeing the imperativeness of high value coconut sector, ICAR-

CPCRI has developed complete package of practices for the production of virgin coconut oil

(hot and fermentation process), coconut chips, coconut honey, jaggery and sugar. The

Institute has also developed a technology for collecting coconut inflorescence sap by using a

device. The sap thus collected is called Kalparasa. Kalparasa can be preserved up to 45 days

under cold condition (in refrigerator) without adding any preservatives and additives with the

bottling technology. It has been demonstrated that a farmer tapping 15 coconut palms for

Kalparasa could earn on an average Rs. 45,000 a month, while a tapper can earn about Rs.

20,000 per month. For sustaining the value added coconut sector, Women Self Help Groups

were formed and equipped with technical know-how and smooth functioning of the coconut

value chain was ensured through continuous supply of value added products to the

downstream part of the chain. An activated carbon plant was designed for the production of

pollution free coconut shell charcoal for community level processing at small scale level.

With regard to the commercialization of technologies Institute had successfully developed

market for the value added products through well established link with the retail distributor.

Moreover, the marketing functionary was made a part of the value chain through appropriate

integration techniques adopted and there by ensured the efficient functioning of the chain.

5.2.13.Central and State Government policies to promote the commodity:

(towards its promotion, area expansion and organised marketing, processing and export).

Coconut Development Board, Kochi- The Export Promotion Council

Government of Kerala: Coconut Technology Mission

50

5.2.14.Value chain in the commodity

Figure. Depiction of comprehensive value chain of coconut

5.2.15.Proposed Business Strategy by the Applicant for Marketing and Market viability

51

5.3.Financial Viability of the Project:

5.3.1: Due Deligence Status

Date of Pre-Sanction / Due Deligience Remarks

1 Examination of CIBIL report Yes/No

2 Credit rating / scoring is done Yes/No

3 Whether name of promoters/company

appearing in the list of-

a) RBI defaulter list

b) RBI willfull defaulter list

c) ECGC SA list

Yes/No

Yes/No

Yes/No

4 a)Verfication of CERSAI (Central

Registry of Securitisation Asset

Reconstruction and Security Interest) b) In case of company whether

financial data verfied with ROC .

Yes/No

Yes/No

5.3.2.Project Cost (Rs in Lakhs) – (subitems are to be decided based on need)

Scheme

Component

Items Sub- items Capacity/

Area/

spacing

Etc.

Units/

Numbers

unit

cost

Cost

Open field

Cultivation

Cultivation

Expenses

Planting material

Input cost

(Labour, Manure

& Fertilisers,

pesticides etc.)

Others

Irrigation

Tube well/ bore

well/ Open well

(Nos.)

Cost of Pipeline

(Length, Size &

Material)

Water harvesting

structure / Water

tank min. 300

microns

Non lined

ponds/tanks

Others

Drip / Sprinkler

Civil

Infrastructure

Functional pack

house

Store & Pump

house (Area in

sq.ft with size)

Labour room & go

52

down (Area in

Sq.ft with size)

Others

Farm

Mechanisation

(AC)

Tractor upto 20

BHP

Power Tiller HP

Equipments-

driven by Tractor/

Power Tiller

Mulch laying

machine

Self-propelled

hort. Machinery

Other tools and

equipment’s as per

Sub Mission on

Agriculture

Mechanisation

(SMAM)

Others

Land

Development

Soil levelling /

Digging/Fencing

etc.

Others if any

Land if newly purchased but not

before one year from date of

sanction of loan (indicate year)

Support system for Grapes

Vermi Compost Unit

Certification of Good Agri Practices

Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)

including infrastructure (AC)

Plastic Mulching

Others

Grand Total

Scheme Capacity/

Area/

Spacing

etc.

Units/

Number

Likely

/Unit

cost

NHB

Norm

Integrated

PHM

1. Integrated PHM 3.1.Pack House 3.2.Integrated Pack house 3.3.Pre-cooling unit 3.4.Cold Room (Staging) 3.5.Mobile Pre-cooling unit 3.6.Ripening Chamber 3.7 Primary Processing 3.8.Retail outlet

Others

53

Summary of Project Cost

Project

Cost

Max.possible

NHB support

(self-

appraisal) 3. Open field condition With add on components

Without add on

components

4. Integrated PHM 3.1.Integrated Pack House 3.2.Pack house 3.3.Pre-cooling unit 3.4. Cold Room (Staging) 3.5. Mobile Pre-cooling unit 3.6.Ripening Chamber 3.7 Primary Processing 3.8.Refer Van 3.9 Retail outlet

Grand Total

5.3.3 Means of Finance (Rs.in Lakhs)

S.No Item Components

1 Promoters share

2 Bank/FI Term loan

3 Un secured

loan/VCA

Total

5.3.3. A Information on subsidy available under different schemes:- (For information)

1. Subsidy from NHB

2. Subsidy from State *

3. Subsidy from Centre *

4. Subsidy from other

sources

*

Total

54

5.3.4.Investiment in Horticulture Sector

5.3.5Key financials of the proposed / existing Project : (Rs. In Lakhs)

FINANCIAL

INDICATORS

Estimated projections

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8

Capital

Reserves

Intangibles

Tangible Net

Worth

Net Working

Capital

Current Ratio

Net Sales

Op. Profit

Net Profit Before

Tax

Net Profit After

Tax

TOL/ TNW

Debt-equity ratio

Depreciation

Dividend

Retained Profit

Justification for the above (wherever figures are on higher side)

NOTE:- In case of existing business / project, the promoter has to provide the audited data

for the last three years apart from estimated and projected data for covering the entire

repayment period.

55

5.3.6 Project Financing:

1) Rate of Interest :

2) Percentage of Term loan against total project cost

3) Internal Rate of Return (IRR):

4) Cost of Production and Profitability (Annexure)

5) Yield and Sales Chart (Annexure)

6) Proposed Balance Sheet: (Annexure)

7) Proposed Cash flow Statement for repayment period (Annexure)

8) Proposed Profit & Loss Account: (Annexure)

9) Proposed Repayment of Term loan and Schedule (Annexure)

10) Break even Analysis (Annexure)

11) NPV (Net Present Value)

12) Economic Rate of Return

13) Depreciation

56

5.3.13 Sensitivity analysis of the project.

Base Case 2018-19

(First Full

Year of

Operation)

Case I Decrease in capacity utilization by 10%.

Case II Decrease in Sales by 10%.

Case III Increase in Raw Material Cost by 10%

Base Case Case I Case II Case III

PBIDT

PBT

PAT

Min DSCR

Max DSCR

Overall

DSCR

57

5.3.14 Key Financial Parameters for the proposal:

Sl.

No.

Ratio Benchmark As calculated by Project Finance Expert

1styr 2

ndyr 3

rdyr 4

thyr 5

thYr

1. Current Ratio

other than export

units

1.25:1

2. CR-Export units 1.10:1

3 IRR /BCR

4 DSCR* 1.50:1

5 Average DSCR

6 Debt to Equity

Ratio i.e DER

3:1

7 TOL/TNW 4:1

8 Promoters

Contribution

25%

minimum

9 Break Even Point Lower the

% is better

10 Security

Coverage Ratio

More than

100% of

Loan

Amount

11 Repayment

period

Up to 7

Years

excluding

moratorium,

but not to

exceed an

overall

tenor of 10

years

58

5.3.15 Statement of Assets & liability as on……...

1. Immovable Assets

(Rs. In lakh)

Sl.No Description Extent Location Face value Market value

1 Land

2 Building

3 Plant & machinery

4 Commercial plots

2. Movable Assets

Sl.No Description Modle Face value Market value

1 Car/Scooter/Truck/Bus/Mobile

phone

3. Bank/FI balances and cash

Sl.No. Name of the institutions Date of

opening

Face value Market

value/Present

value

4. Shares & debentures

Sl No Name of the

Company/Institutions

Date of

purchase

Face value Market value

5. Investment in business & other associates concern

Sl No Name of the

Company/Institutions

Date of

Investment

Face value Market value

Total assets……............

1. Liabilities

Sl.No. Nature of the loan Name of the

institution

Date of loan Face

value

Market value/

Present value

Total liabilities…….....................

Net of assets & liabilities…….....

Date: Signature of the Promoter/Guarantors/Directors /partner

59

Risk Analysis& Management

A. Promoters & Management Risks:

B. Project Completion and Operational Risk:

C. Other Risks:

Risk Management

Excess production / Glut situation in

Market

Crop failure Crop insurance

Price volatility-low prices

Pests and Diseases

Natural calamities- fire, cyclone, Floods

etc.

Farm record keeping/ Maintenance proposed

60

5.4: Land development and Crop husbandry

5.4.1.Land development: ( in case of waste/ barren land)

If the land is uneven and full of shrubs, the shrubs have to be cleared and land to be levelled

before digging of pits including fencing and gate.

5.4.2. Selection of Quality Planting Material

Recommended and popular Cultivars- varieties/hybrids, their specific characteristics,

requirements and yields and list of reputed / accredited Nurseries

1. Recommended and popular cultivars/

varieties/ Hybrids State wise

Name of variety / Hybrids/ cultivar

a. Kerala Varieties

Kalpa Pratibha

Kalpa Dhenu

Kalpa Mitra

Chandra Kalpa

Kalpatharu

Kera Chandra

Kera Keralam

Kalpa Haritha

Kera Madhura

Chowghat Orange Dwarf

Kalpa Jyothi

Kalpa Surya

Kalparaksha

Kalpasree

WCT

LCT

Hybrids

Chandra Sankara

Kera Sankara

Chandra Laksha

Kalpa Samrudhi

Kalpa Sankara

Kalpa Sreshta

Laksha Ganga

Ananda Ganga

Kera Ganga

Kera Sree

Kera Sowbhagya

b. Karnataka Chandra Kalpa

Kalpatharu

Kera Chandra

Kalpa Haritha

61


Kalpa Jyothi

Kalpa Surya

WCT

TPT

LCT

Andaman Ordinary Tall

Hybrids

Chandra Sankara

Kera Sankara

Chandra Laksha

Kalpa Sreshta

Kalpa Ganga

Vasista Ganga

c. Tamil Nadu Kalpa Pratibha

Kalpa Dhenu

Chandra Kalpa

Kalpatharu

ALR (CN) 1

Kera Bastar

ALR (CN) 2

VPM-3

Kera Keralam


Kalpa Surya

WCT

ECT

LCT


Hybrids

Chandra Sankara

VHC-1

VHC-2

VHC-3

VHC-4

d. Andhra Pradesh Kalpa Pratibha

Chandra Kalpa

Kera Bastar

Kera Chandra

Gautami Ganga


WCT

ECT

Hybrids

Kera Sankara

Godavari Ganga

Vasista Ganga

e. Maharashtra Kalpa Pratibha

Chandra Kalpa

Pratap

62

Kera Bastar

Kera Chandra


WCT

Banwalli

Hybrids

Kera Sankara

Chandra Sankara

Konkan Bhatye coconut hybrid 1 (Konkan Avishakar)

f. West Bengal Kalpa Mitra

Kera Chandra

Kera Keralam

Kalyani Coconut 1


ECT

Sakhigopal Tall

g. Andaman and Nicobar Islands Kalpa Dhenu

CARI-C1 (Annapurna)

CARI-C2 (Surya)

CARI-C3 (Omkar)

CARI-C4 (Chandan)



h. Bihar Chowghat Orange Dwarf

Kera Keralam

ECT

Sakhigopal Tall

i. Assam Kamrupa

Kalpa Jyothi


Assam Green Tall

Hybrids

Kalpa Samrudhi

j. Chhattisgarh Kera Bastar


ECT

k. Goa Kera Keralam

Kera Chandra


Benaulim

WCT

Hybrids

Kera Sankara

Chandra Sankara

l. Gujarat Chowghat Orange Dwarf

Gudanjali Dwarf

WCT

Hybrids

Kera Sankara

Chandra Sankara

63

m. Lakshadweep Varieties

Kalpa Pratibha

Chandra Kalpa

Kera Chandra

Kera Keralam


Kalpa Jyothi

Kalpa Surya

Kalparaksha

WCT

LCT

LMT

Hybrids

Chandra Sankara

Kera Sankara

2. Classification of cultivars based on

crop maturity

a. Early Kalpasree, CARI C-2 Surya, Gudanjali

b. Mid Kalpa Haritha, Kalpa Jyothi, CARI C-3 Omkar, CARI

C-4 Chandan, Chowghat Orange Dwarf, Kalpa Surya,

Kalparaksha,Kera Chandra, Chandra Sankara, Kera

Sankara, Chandra Laksha, Kalpa Samrudhi, Kalpa

Sankara, Kalpa Sreshta

c. Late Kera Keralam, Chandra Kalpa, Kalpa Shatabdi, Kera

Bastar, Kalpa Dhenu, Kalpa Mitra, CARI C-1

Annapurna, Kalyani Coconut 1, Kalpatharu, WCT,

LCT, ECT, Sakhigopal Tall, Benaulim, LMT, TPT,

ADOT, Banawalli, Assam Green Tall, ALR (CN) 1,

ALR (CN) 2, VPM 3

3. Classification of cultivars / Varieties/

Hybrids based on purpose

a. Tender Nut COD, Kalpa Jyothi, Kalpa Surya

b. Copra All varieties (excluding tender nut & ornamental

varieties)

c. Dual purpose – copra & tender

nut

Kalpa Pratibha, Kalpa Haritha, Kalyani Coconut 1,

Kalparaksha, Kera Madhura, Gouthami Ganga,

Kalpasree, CARI-C1 (Annapurna), Kera Chandra,

Kalpa Shatabdi, Chandra Sankar, Chandra Laksha,

Kalpa Samrudhi, Kalpa Sreshta

d. Ball copra Kalpatharu, Kera Keralam, Kalpa Mitra, LMT

e. Ornamental COD, Kalpa Jyothi, Kalpa Surya, CARI-C2 (Surya),

CARI-C3 (Omkar), CARI-C4 (Chandan),

f. Root (wilt) disease tolerance Kalparaksha, Kalpasree, Kalpa Sankara

64

Yield and characteristic features of coconut varieties

Variety Important traits Average

yield (nuts

ha-1

year-1)#

Average

copra yield

(t ha-1

year-

1)#

Potential

yield (nuts

ha-1

year-1)#

Potential

copra

yield (t ha-

1 year-

1)#

Aliyarnagar Tall 1

- ALR (CN) 1

High yield 22302 3.50

Aliyarnagar Tall 2

- ALR (CN) 2


CARI-C1

(Annapurna)

High copra content,

tender nut purpose,

green colour fruit

9100 2.23 19250 4.72

CARI-C2 (Surya) Ornamental purpose,

orange colour fruit

18725 1.31 28175 1.97

CARI-C3

(Omkar)

Ornamental purpose,

yellow colour fruit

19775 1.45 29750 2.18

CARI-C4

(Chandan)

Ornamental purpose,

orange colour fruit

17150 1.74 27300 2.77

Chandra Kalpa Drought tolerant, high

oil - 72%

17700 3.12 23800 4.19

Chowghat Orange

Dwarf (COD)

Dwarf, orange colour

fruit; tender nut

purpose

19824 2.78 33984 4.30

Double century High yield 23140 4.60

Gautami Ganga Dwarf, green fruits 13260 3.60

Kalpa Dhenu High nut, oil yield,

Drought tolerant

15012 3.66 22794 5.56

Kalpa Haritha Dual purpose for copra

and tender nut

20886 3.72 36350 6.56

Kalpa Jyothi Dwarf, yellow colour

fruit; tender nut

purpose

20178 2.83 29947 4.25

Kalpa Mitra High nut, oil yield,

Drought tolerant

13973 3.37 22429 5.41

Kalpa Pratibha High yield; dual

purpose - copra and

tender nut, Drought

tolerant

16107 4.12 23275 5.97

Kalpa Surya Dwarf, orange colour

fruit; tender nut

purpose

21771 4.00 32083 5.97

Kalparaksha Semi-tall, green fruits

High nut, oil yield in

RWD prevalent areas;

suited for tender nut

purpose

11375 2.11 13475 2.5

Kalparaksha Semi-tall, green fruits

High nut, oil yield in

15225 17675

65

RWD prevalent areas;

suited for tender nut

purpose

Kalpasree Dwarf, superior oil rich

in linoleic acid, high

yield in RWD tracts

15930 1.80 18725 1.8

Kalpatharu Drought tolerant, ball

copra, high yield

20709 3.59 26075 4.56

Kalyani Coconut High yield, West

Bengal

14240 3.90

Kamarupa High yield 17877 2.90

Kera Bastar High yield 19400 3.10 23625 6.69

Kera Chandra High yield 19470 3.68 24500 4.63

Kera Keralam High yield 26019 4.53 37275 6.56

Kera Madhura Semi-tall, Dual

purpose for copra and

tender nut

24480 4.80

Kera Sagara High yield 17523 3.64

Pratap High yield 20826 3.60

VPM-3 High yield, drought

tolerant

14868 3.41

Kalpa Shatabdi Large fruits with high

copra content; dual-

purpose variety for

copra and tender nut

18375 5.01

25900 7.07

Chandra Sankara

(COD x WCT)

High yield 20532 4.27 37300 7.74

Kera Sankara

(WCT x COD)

High yield, drought

tolerant

19116 3.78 37824 7.80

Chandra Laksha

(LCT x COD)

High yield, drought

tolerant

19293 3.76 30625 5.27

Kalpa Samrudhi

(MYD x WCT)

Dual purpose variety,

Drought tolerant,

higher nutrient use

efficiency

20744 4.35

24675 5.42

Kalpa Sankara

(CGD x WCT)

Tolerant to root (wilt)

disease, high yield

14868 2.5 19600 3.45

Kalpa Sreshta

(MYD x TPT)

Dual purpose variety,

High yield

29227 6.28 32550 7.03

Laksha Ganga

(LCT x GBGD


Ananda Ganga

(ADOT x GBGD)


Kera Ganga

(WCT x GBGD)


Kera Sree (WCT High yield 23364 5.05

66

x MYD)

Kera Sowbhagya

(WCT x SSAT)


VHC-1 (ECT x

MGD)


VHC-2 (ECT x

MYD)


VHC-3 (ECT x

MOD)


Godavari Ganga

(ECT x GBGD)


Konkan Bhatye

coconut hybrid 1

(GBGD x ECT)


Kalpa Ganga

(GBGD x FJT)

High yield, suitable for

ball copra production

21417 3.38

Vasista Ganga

(GBGD x PHOT)


VHC-4 (LCT x

CCNT)


# @7.5 x 7.5 m spacing

Method of Propagation / technology

Method recommended by ICAR /

CAU/SAU/SHU

Seed propagation

Proposed method under the project

Do’s and Don’t’s proposed / taken in

propagation

Expert guiding the project

REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTHY PRODUCTION OF SEED AND PLANTING

MATERIAL

Soil: Coconut is adapted to a wide range of soil types from coarse sand to deep soils.

However, well-drained friable sandy, sandy loam/loam soils are best suited for coconut

nursery due to the relative ease in removing the seedlings from the nursery. In laterite soils,

sand has to be applied to the nursery beds. Heavy/clayey soils and waterlogged soils are to be

avoided. The ideal soil pH ranges from 5.5 to 7.0 and the seedlings are tolerant to a pH range

from 4.5 to 8.5. Under irrigation, coconut seedlings tolerate saline and alkaline soils.

Climate: Coconut palms are cultivated in humid regions lying between latitude 27oN and

27oS. They are well adapted to full sunlight. However, the nursery area is to be preferably

shaded to get good quality seedlings without sun scorch. The optimum temperature range for

better growth of seedlings is from 21oC to 35

oC. Though coconut can withstand temperatures

beyond this range, the growth, development and yield will be affected. Coconut palms are

adapted to areas receiving an annual rainfall ranging from 600mm to 4000mm and above.

67

Seedlings can be produced at an altitude ranging from sea level to an elevation 800m above

mean sea level.

Water Source: A perennial source of water is required for maintenance of coconut palms

and irrigation is essential for obtaining good coconut yield. Further, the nursery has to be

irrigated regularly for production of planting material. Sprinkler/micro jet sprinkler/hose

irrigation systems are well suited to coconut nursery beds.

Nursery Structures: Nursery can be raised in the interspaces of the coconut plantation. The

nursery area is to be provided with shade using 50-75% shade net if the nursery area is an

open space. About 120m2 area would be required to sow 1000 nuts in flat or raised beds

whereas larger area of 200m2

would be required to maintain 1000 poly bag coconut seedlings.

Skilled manpower: Skilled climbers and pollinators are required for harvesting the palms

and undertaking controlled pollination, respectively. In addition, skilled manpower is

required for pollen processing. A pollination supervisor would be required to monitor the

crossing programme. Further, a trained nursery assistant is required for maintenance of the

nursery and for identifying and lifting good quality seedlings from the nursery.

Mother palms: For production of quality planting material it is essential to have good quality

mother palms of the desired varieties. In the absence of commercially viable vegetative

propagation techniques, only seed propagation is possible. Therefore, mother palm selection

is a key factor in planting material production of coconut.

The important features of superior mother palms are: a) straight stout trunk with even

growth and closely spaced leaf scars, b) spherical or semi-spherical crown with short fronds,

c) short and stout bunch stalks without the tendency to drooping, d) more than 30 leaves and

12 inflorescences carried evenly on the crown, e) inflorescence with 25 or more female

flowers, f) consistent high nut yield (about 80 nuts/annum under rain fed conditions or 120

nuts under irrigated conditions), g) 150g copra per nut and h) absence of disease and pest

incidence. Among all these characters, maximum attention is to be paid to the yield of nuts,

as regular and heavy bearers are less affected by adverse weather conditions.

Seed Garden: It is necessary to establish a seed garden in order to supply seeds of high

yielding hybrids/varieties on a large scale. For hybrid seed production, at least two parental

lines should be available within the same seed garden, with one parent being used as the male

and the other as the female parent. Planting the seed gardens with one pollinator (male

parent) for nine mother trees will be more economical as seed recovery will be higher owing

to the presence of higher proportion of mother trees in these gardens.

Alternatively, a modified method is suggested for the layout of seed garden where,

different types of hybrids can be produced. In this layout, compact blocks of different

cultivars can be planted with few rows of border plants. In this method by adopting the

emasculation, bagging and assisted pollination technique one can produce the desired TxD,

DxT or TxT combinations.

Other requirements for the hybrid seed production: Secatures, pollination bags, knives,

incubators, squeeze bottles, talc powder, desiccators, microscope and butter paper covers.

METHODOLOGY FOR PRODUCTION OF SEED AND PLANTING MATERIAL:

68

Method of Seed/Seedling Production: Open Pollinated / Inter se/ Hybrid

Open Pollinated: Seed nuts are harvested from selected mother palms of the desired

cultivar/variety without emasculation and controlled pollination.

Inter se: Seed nuts are produced by emasculation and pollination between selected palms

of the same variety.

Hybrid: Seed nuts are produced by emasculation and pollination using pollen of a

different variety (desired male parent).

Commercial Production of Hybrids:

Emasculation: This is the first step in hybridization and refers to the removal of male

flowers from the inflorescence of the female parent to avoid self-pollination. This is done,

preferably immediately after the opening of the inflorescence, either by removing individual

male flowers by hand or by cutting the spikelets (with knife or secateur) about 4 to 5 cm

away from the upper-most female flowers and removing the remaining male flowers by hand.

Pollen collection and processing: The method of pollen collection is as follows:

a) Cut the portion of the spikelets containing mature male flowers.

b) Separate the male flowers from the spikelets.

c) Place the male flowers between folds of thick paper and gently crush them with the help

of a rolling pin.

d) Keep the crushed male flowers in an incubator at 390C (+/- 1

0C) for 24hrs.

e) Sieve to separate the pollen from the debris (use 0.2 mm mesh sieve).

f) Collect pollen in butter paper bags and store in desiccator over fused calcium chloride.

Pollen so stored can be used for 10-15 days.

g) Dilute pollen with neutral talc powder in 1:9 proportions before use. If pollen is available

in large quantity, the ratio can be 1:2 or 1:8.

Germination test for pollen grains

The germination test of the pollen is a pre-requisite before using the same in

pollination. The test is usually done in a solution containing 8% of Sucrose. Pollen with at

least 50% germination alone should be selected for pollination.

Pollination: The pollination technique to be used in a garden depends on the type of

plantation. When the female parents are scattered in a garden and/or inter-planted with

different types of tall cultivars ‘controlled hand pollination’ technique is to be used for hybrid

seed production or for production of inter se seed nuts. This method involves bagging of

emasculated bunches for the entire period of female phase and pollinating with desired

pollen.

In coconut plantations of dwarfs inter-planted with single tall cultivar only single

hybrid combination can be produced without bagging. All inflorescences in mother palms

(female parent) are to be emasculated so that only pollen from pollinator palms (male parent)

is available in the garden. All the nuts collected form the mother palms (female parent) after

emasculation will be hybrid nuts. However, to increase the setting percentage, assisted

pollination with the pollen of male parent is advisable.

In plantations having compact blocks of different cultivars more flexibility is possible.

Depending on the need, by changing the pollen in the assisted pollination technique, different

69

combinations of hybrids can be produced. However, assisted pollination is mandatory in the

pure blocks of different cultivars, while it is optional in dwarfs inter-planted with talls.

Assisted pollination using the pollen-talc mixture is to be undertaken when the female

flowers become receptive. When the female flowers become receptive, the three stigmas

protrude from it like a three-pointed star and nectar is secreted at the base of the stigmas.

Pollen-talc mixture is to be dusted on the inflorescences of the mother palms on the 1st, 3

rd

and 5th

day starting from the day when the first female flower comes to receptivity. When the

stigmas turn brown and black the female flower is no longer receptive.

Seed setting: After fertilization, it takes about 11 to 12 months for the fruit to develop to

maturity. Generally, not more than 25 to 40 percentage of female flowers reach maturity.

Seed Nut Selection And Storage:

Maturity of seed nut: The mature nuts should be harvested when at least one nut in the

oldest bunch starts to dry. In Talls, it takes 11-12 months to become a mature seed nut

whereas in dwarfs, nuts will mature in 10-11 months after pollination.

Method of harvest: Rope harvest of seed nuts is recommended from the trees that are very

tall and in places where the ground is hard.

Selection of seed nuts: Seed nuts are preferably selected from the center of the bunch, as

development of nuts at top and bottom extremities may not be uniform leading to poor

germination/poor quality of seedlings.

Preservation of seed nut: Harvested seed nuts are stored in shade, to prevent drying of nut

water, till their husks become completely dry. Seed nuts of the tall variety can be stored for

two months after harvest whereas the seed nuts of dwarfs should be sown within 15 days of

harvest.

Germination: The seed nuts can be sown in sand/potting mixture. Seed nuts of tall varieties

begin germination within 60-130 days after sowing and seed nuts of dwarf varieties

germinate 30-95 days after sowing. Generally, germination is recorded till the fifth month of

sowing and a good seed lot will give more than 70% germination. Seed nuts that do not

germinate within 5 months after sowing as well as those with dead sprouts are removed from

the nursery.

Seedling Production:

Nursery bed preparation

Seedbeds should be prepared in an area having loose and well-drained soil. Raised beds of 10-20 cm height are made to provide good drainage. Seedbeds are generally of 1m width and convenient length with 75cm space between beds. The seedbeds should be drenched with Chlorpyriphos @ 0.05% before sowing of seed nuts, in areas having termite problem. To prevent bud rot in seedlings, the nursery can be drenched with Mancozeb @ 0. 3%, in bud rot endemic areas.

Sowing of nuts

The seed nuts are sown in rows with spacing of 30 cm between rows and 30 cm

between nuts with four or five rows per bed. The nuts may be planted either horizontally with

the widest of the segments at the top or vertically with stalk-end up. The nuts are covered

70

with soil, such that the top portion of husk alone is visible. Only seed nuts with nut water

should be selected for sowing.

A record should be maintained indicating the name of variety sown, date of sowing,

number of nuts sown, seedbed number and date of seed nut harvest. A signboard should be

placed in front of each bed indicating the name of variety sown along with the date of sowing

MODERN NURSERY PRACTICES

Poly bag seedling production: Poly bag nursery can be adopted for producing more

vigorous seedlings with better root system. Compared to the nursery in the field, watering,

weeding and roguing operations for the elimination of unwanted seedlings are easier in poly

bag nursery. The seedlings can be raised in black polythene bags of 500-gauge thickness of

60 cm x 45 cm size for bigger nuts and 45 cm x 45 cm for smaller nuts. The bottom of the

bags is to be provided with 8-10 holes for draining the excess water. To fill 100 bags, around

2-2.5m3 of potting mixture will be required. The commonly recommended potting media are

top soil mixed with sand in 3:1 ratio or fertile top soil, sand and well rotten and powdered

cattle manure/vermicompost in the ratio of 3:1:1. Red earth, well rotten and powdered cattle

manure/vermicompost and sand in 1:1:1 ratio can also be used.

In order to produce poly bag seedlings, the seed nuts are initially sown very closely

and allowed to germinate in a pre nursery bed. The germinated nuts are picked out from

nursery once a week until 80% of nuts have germinated or up to 5 months from sowing,

whichever is earlier. The germinated nuts are placed in half filled poly bags with the sprout

positioned upwards in the centre of the bag and sufficient potting mixture is added to fill the

bags up to two-third portion and the sides slightly pressed to keep the nut firm. Usually the

poly bag seedlings are maintained for about 8 to 10 months.

List of NHB accredited Nurseries: availability of quality seeds / planting material.

COCONUT

S No. Nursery Name Nursery Address Star

Rating

No.of

Mother

Plants

Production

Capacity

1 A.K.G. Nursery Garden

A.K.G. Nursery Garden (Prop.-

Murali K.), Vill. & Post-

Arasampatti, Tq.-

Pochampalli,Krishnagiri ( T.N.)

2 1000 67000

2 Agri Polyclinic Nursery

Vill- Nive Bk., Tq-

Sangameshwar, Distt- Ratnagiri

(Maharashtra-Pune)

1 200 7000

3 Agri. Policlinic Nursery,

Pamendi

Vill.- Pamendi, Taluk+Distt.-

Ratnagiri (Maharashtra-Pune) 1 300 15000

71

4 Agro Policliic Fruit

Nursery

Vill.-Veshvi, Taluk-Alibag,

Distt.-Raigarh (Maharashtra-

Pune)

1 120 15000

5 Annapoorna Nursery Village- Pethri, Post- Cherkady,

Distt.- Udupi ( karnataka) 2 250 18000

6 Athma Nilayam Nursery

Gardens

Village - Parassala,

Cheruvarakonam, District-

Trivandrum (Kerala)

2 300 12000

7 Bagadehalli

Horticulture Farm

Bagadehalli Horticulture Farm,

Kadur Birur Distt.- Chikmaglure. 1 200 10000

8 Balenhally Horticulture

Farm

Balenhally Horticulture

Farm,Tarikere Distt.-

Chikamagalur.

1 100 6000

9 Barmare Nursery

Village/Post.- Chikhali, Tq.-

Guhagar, Distt.- Ratnagiri

(Mahatashtra- Pune)

1 60 2000

10 Coconut Development

Board, Singheswar

Village - Singheswar,District -

Madhepura (Bihar) 2 100 200000

11 Coconut Nursery Village - Mahuva, district -

Bhavnagar, (Gujarat) 2 700 21000

12

Coconut Research

Station, Balaramapuram

Kottukal

Vill.+P.O.-Balaramapuram

Kottukal, Distt.-Kottayam

(Kerala)

3 600 15000

13 CPCRI Regional

Station, Kayangulam

Village - Krishnapuram, District -

Alappuzha, Kerala 3 300 24500

14 CPCRI, Kasaragod

Director, Central Plantation Crops

Research Institute, Kasaragod,

Post - Kudlu,District - Kasargod,

Pin Code - 671 124 (Kerala)

4 802 43692

15 CPRI, Research Centre

Kidu

Director, Central Plantation Crops

Research Institute, Kasargod,

Post- Kudlu-671124 (Kerala)

4 1271 103844

16 Dantaramakki

Horticulture Farm

Dantaramakki Horticulture Farm,

Dantaramakki, District ?

Chikkamaglur

1 300 15000

17 Fruit Nursery, Kodinar Village - Kodinar, Distt.-

Junagadh ( Gujarat) 1 314 7600

18 Goragondanahalli

Horticulture Farm,

At - Goragondanahalli,Tq. –

Tiptur, Distt.- Tumkur

(Karnataka)

1 200 10000

19 Govt. Nursery,

Mangroal

Vill.- Mangrol, Distt.- Junagadh (

Gujarat) 1 452 5700

20 Hariharapura

Horticulture Farm

Hariharapura Horticulture Farm,

Koppa Distt.- Chikamagalur. 1 49 5000

21 Hattikuni Horticulture

Farm,

At- Hattikuni, Distt – Yadagiri

(Karnataka) 1 200 8000

22 HOPCOMS Nursery, Village- Bijapur, District - 2 105 6000

72

Bijapur Bijapur, Karnataka

23 Horticulture

Farm,Kanavihonnapur

Horticulture Farm,Vill.-

Kanavihonnapur, Distt.- Dharwad

(Karnataka)

1 25 3000

24 HRS, Coconut Nursery,

Ambajipeta

Village - Ambajipeta, District -

East Godawari. 4 710 140000

25

Indira Horticulture

Farm, At –

Badavanahalli,

Indira Horticulture Farm, At –

Badavanahalli, Tq. – Madugiri,

District – Tumkuru (Karnataka)

1 400 10000

26 Instructional Farm Village - Kalliyoor, District -

Thiruvanathapuram ( Kerala ) 1 882 30000

27 Ishaneswar Coconut

Farm, Konark

Village - Kurujanga, Distt.- Puri,

Odisha 1 679 65863

28 J. C. Pura Horticulture

Farm

At- J.C.Pura , Tq.–

Chikkanayakanhalli,Distt.-

Tumkuru (Karnataka)

1 100 10000

29 Jigalur Horticulture

Farm

Jigalur Horticulture Farm, Vill.-

Kundagol Jigalur, Distt.-

Dharwad (Karnataka)

1 60 10000

30 Kalasa Horticulture

Farm, Mudigere

Kalasa Horticulture Farm,

Mudigere Distt.-Chikmagalur. 1 280 9500

31 Kalpatharu Farm &

Nursery

Village - Thavare Koppa,Distt.-

Shimoga (Karnataka) 1 300 25000

32 Kerandia Coconut

Orchard, Puri

Vill.+ P.O.- Puri, Distt.- Puri

(Orrisa) 1 900 6500

33 Kittur Horticulture Farm

(S.S.), Kittur

At-Kittur Distt.- Begalvai

(Karnataka) 1 110 2500

34 Kongalabeedu

Horticulture Farm

Vill.- Konqalabeedu, Taluk-

Hassan, Distt.-Hassan (Karnataka) 1 230 15000

35 Konneralu Horticulture

Farm

Vill.-Konneralu, Tehsil-Hassan,

Distt.- Hassan (Karnataka) 1 146 10000

36 Madihalli Horticulture

Farm,

At- Madihalli, Tq.- – Turvekere,

District – Tumkuru (Karnataka) 1 600 20000

37 Maheswari Farm,

Brahmagiri

Vill+P.O.- Puri, Distt.- Puri

(Orissa) 1 2250 15750

38 Narayanpur Horticulture

Farm,

At- Narayanpur, Distt – Yadagiri

(Karnataka) 1 100 10000

39 R.C.R.S. Farm,

Sakhigopal

Vill.+P.O.-Pattanaikia, Distt.-

Puri, (Orissa) 1 3478 24355

40 Rangaswany

GudaHorticulture Farm,

At- Rangaswany Guda, Tq.–

Kunigal, District – Tumkaru

(Karnataka)

1 1000 20000

41 Regional Fruit Research

Station, Vengurle

Associate Director of

Research,Fruit Plant Nursery of

RFRS, Vengurle of Dr.

B.S.K.K.V Dapoli, District -

Sindhudurg (Maharashtra)

4 250 20000

73

42 Sangar Farm & Nursery Village - Pipri, Taluka - Mandvi,

Distt.- Kutch ( Gujarat) 2 100 10000

43 Somanahalli Kavlu

Horticulture Farm

Vill+Tehsil- Somanahalli, Distt.-

Hassan (Karnataka) 1 800 25000

44 Sri Venkata Srinivasa

Nursery

Vill.+Taluk- Burrilanka, Distt.-

East Godavari (A.P.) 1 500 30000

45 Taluk Fruit Nursery Vill.-Awas, Taluk-Alibag, Distt.-

Raigarh (Maharashtra-Pune) 1 525 22000

46 Taluka Fruits Nursery,

Gholwad

Vill.- Gholwad, Taluk- Dahanu,

Distt.- Thane (Maharashtra-Pune) 2 200 10000

47 Thumbe Farm,

Thombay

Vill.+Taluk- Thombey, Distt.-

Dakshina Kannada (Karnataka) 1 303 4000

Planting material-source, quality and suitability

1. Proposed cultivar / variety/Hybrid

2. Criterion / Rationale for Selection

3. Nursery / Shop from where seeds/

planting material is procured/ purchased

Name of Nursery/ Shop:

Proprietor Name

Contact Number:

4. Warranty provided if any

5. Whether variety/ hybrid/ cultivar

registered under Section 39 (2) of The

Protection of Plant Variety and Farmers

Right Act, 2001 (PPVFR Act)

6. Authority which provides compensation

to the farmers in case a registered

variety does not perform as per the

claim made by the breeders.

Registrar General, PPV & FRA is the

designated officer for redressal of Public

Grievances and can be addressed to:

Registrar General Protection of Plant

Varieties and Farmers’ Right Authority S-2,

A Block, NASC Complex, Opp. Todapur

Village New Delhi -110012

7. Applicability of Seed Act and any State

Act on nursery/ planting material

8. Authority which provides compensation

to the farmers in case a registered

variety does not perform as per the

claim made by the breeders under Seed

Act / State Nursery Act if any

9. Parentage if known

10. Original manufacturer / Source of

planting material

11. Name of Tests with date and lab-

conducted to assure pest and disease free

ness of seeds/ propagation by the

nursery

12. Whether the planting material is

74

imported. If Yes, whether plant

quarantine and disease free certification

was done

5.4.3. Orchard planning Lay out and management / Planting

5.4.3.1. Coconut establishment and layout systems

As recommended by

ICAR Institute/

CAU/SAU/SHU/

Others

Soils with a minimum depth of 1.2 m and good water holding

capacity are preferred for coconut cultivation. Shallow soils with

underlying hard rock, low lying areas subject to water stagnation

and clayey soils with impeded drainage are to be avoided.

However, in lands reclaimed by heaping alternate layers of sand

and clay, coconut thrives well. Proper supply of moisture either

through well distributed rainfall or irrigation and sufficient

drainage are essential for coconut. (Mention source of

publication with date/Year)

Action taken / proposed

by the applicant

Points of Deviation if

any and justification

5.4.3.2.Land preparation

As recommended by

ICAR Institute/

CAU/SAU/SHU/

Others

Preparation of land for planting coconut depends to a large extent

on soil type and environmental factors. If the land is uneven and

full of shrubs, the shrubs have to be cleared and land levelled

before taking pits.

Action taken /

proposed by the

applicant



75

5.4.3.3.Planting Season / time and density

Recommended @ Proposed Remarks in case of

deviation

Planting Season /

Time

In well drained soils,

seedlings can be

transplanted with the

onset of southwest

monsoon during June

or with the onset of

north east monsoon

during October-

November. In low

lying areas subject to

inundation during

monsoon periods, it

is preferable to plant

the seedlings after the

cessation of the

monsoon.

Spacing 7.5 m x 7.5 m in the

square system is

generally

recommended. For

facilitating multiple

cropping in coconut

gardens Hedge

system giving a

spacing of 6.5 m

along the rows and

9.0m between rows

or wider spacing of

10 m x 10 m. may be

adopted

Seed/ seedling rate/

Density per Acre

177 palms with 7.5 m

x 7.5 m spacing

170 palms with 6.5 m

x 9.0 m spacing

100 palms with 10 m

x 10 m spacing

Seed / Planting

Material treatment

Treated with Kera

Probio, a PGPR

formulation

Depth of sowing In laterite soil with

rocky substratum,

deeper and wider

pits, 1.5 m x 1.5 m x

1.2 m may be dug

and filled up with

loose soil, powdered

76

cow dung and ash up

to a depth of 60 cm

before planting. In

loamy soils with low

water table, planting

in pits of 1 m x 1 m x

1 m filled with top

soil to height of 50

cm is generally

recommended.

However, when the

water table is high,

planting at the

surface or even on

mounds may be

necessary. While

filling the pits with

soil, it is advisable to

use the top soil. Two

layers of coconut

husk (with concave

surface facing up)

can be arranged at

the bottom of the pit

before filling up.

This will help in

conserving the

moisture. In case of

laterite soil, addition

of 2 kg of common

salt will help in

loosening the soil.

Seedling/

Transplanting age

Generally one year

old seedlings are

preferred for

planting. However,

for planting in

waterlogged areas,

1.5 to 2 year old

seedlings are

preferred.

@: ICAR-CPCRI: Web: www.cpcri.gov.in

77

5.4.3.4.Water and Nutrient Management

1.Water requirements, Source and irrigation methods&

a. Water source, demand and availability

Water Source Water Quality Water

Availability

Last Year

consumption

Current Year

demand

b. Critical stages for Irrigation and Water required under Drip Irrigation: There is no critical

stage defined in coconut as it is a perennial crop and needs moisture throughout the growing

period. Drip irrigation is ideally suited for widely spaced crops like coconut as it saves water,

energy and labour and the WUE is high. Based on a study conducted at ICAR- CPCRI, it

was concluded that yield of coconut with drip irrigation daily @ 66 % of the E0 from

December to May was adequate and comparable to basin irrigation @ 200 litres per palm

once in four days. Thus, there is 34 per cent saving of water in drip irrigation. This is

applicable to varieties and hybrids and also in different soil types. The number of dripping

points should be six for sandy soils and four for other soil types. The rate of water application

should be 2-4 litres per hour per emitter

c. Method of Irrigation: Irrigation methods commonly adopted in coconut gardens are

flooding, basin irrigation, sprinkler or perfo-sprays and drip irrigation. In certain areas of

Tamil Nadu, East and West Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh where adequate supply of

water is available, coconut gardens are flood irrigated. There is considerable wastage of

irrigation water under flood irrigation. In addition flood irrigation leads to poor aeration

especially in clay soil leads to water stagnation and spread of disease viz., Ganoderma. Hence

flood irrigation for coconut is not advisable and should be avoided. In basin irrigation, water

is applied in the basins of 1.8 to 2.0 m which is the active root zone of coconut. Irrigation

channels are provided in between two rows and each basin is connected with the channel. In

this method there will be some loss of water due to deep percolation, seepage and

evaporation. However this loss is reduced when basins are irrigated through hose pipes. This

is being advocated to reduce water loss in transit. Still, there is loss due to deep percolation

and surface evaporation. ICAR- CPCRI recommends application of 200 l of water once in

four days. For the WCT palms in red sandy loam soils on the west coast, perfo irrigation

with 20 mm water, when cumulative pan evaporation was 20 mm found to be the best

irrigation schedule. Sprinkler irrigation or perfo sprays are most suited to inter or mixed

cropping systems where the entire surface requires wetting. The quantity of water applied

should be at least 75 per cent of open pan Evaporation (Eo).

Soil water conservation practices: Proper soil and moisture conservation practices are

essential for ensuring sustainable production especially when coconut is grown under rainfed

condition with undulating terrain and sloppy conditions.

78

a) Mulching

In order to conserve soil moisture in the coconut plantations, mulching with various types of

organic materials can be practiced. The best time for mulching is before the end of the

monsoon and before the top soil dries up. For mulching, cut coconut leaves into two or three

pieces. To cover 1.8 m radius of coconut basin, 10 to 15 fallen coconut leaves are required

and can be spread in two to three layers.

Mulching with composted coir pith to 10 cm thickness (approximately 50 kg/palm) around

coconut basin is also an ideal method to conserve moisture. Coir pith can hold moisture five

times its weight. Due to its fibrous and loose nature, incorporation of coir pith considerably

improves the physical properties and water holding capacity of soil and thereby increases

coconut productivity. The applied material may last for about 1 to 2 years. The weeded

materials also can be used for mulching and should be properly dried before applying as

mulch in the basins. Weeds should be cut before flowering/seed set.

b) Husk burial

Burial of husk in trenches in between the rows of palms is also effective for moisture

conservation in coconut gardens. Husk burial is to be done at the beginning of the monsoon

in linear trenches of 1.2 m width and 0.6 m depth between rows of palms with concave side

of husks facing upwards and each layer is to be covered with soil.

c) Catch pit filled with coconut husk

Catch pits can be constructed at slopes to conserve soil and water. Though there are

no standard dimensions for catch pits, catch pits of 1.5 m length x 0.5 m width x 0.5 m depth

can be constructed. A bund is to be made at the downside using the excavated soil and

pineapple suckers may be planted on it. This pit is also filled with coconut husk.

d) Contour trench filled with coconut husk

This measure is to be taken up where the land slope is high. Trenches of 50 cm width

x 50 cm depth and convenient length are to be made in between two rows of coconut palms.

These trenches would be filled with coconut husk. Coconut husks need to be filled in layers

with the bottom layers facing up and top layer facing down. A bund of 20 cm height and

suitable width (>50 cm) is made at the downstream using the excavated soil. Two layers of

pineapple plants are to be planted on the bund with a spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm. Pineapple

plants would stabilize the bund and provide additional income to the farmer. The runoff water

from the upper side would be collected in the trenches. Soil particles would also get deposited

in the trench along with the runoff water. Coconut husk retains the moisture and makes it

available for plants during summer months

2.Nutrient management—Manure, Bio-/ Chemical fertilizers including micro nutrients:/

Fertigation. Dosage and method and time of application for efficacy, food safety and

environment sustainability.

Manuring

Regular manuring right from the first year of planting is essential for good vegetative growth,

early flowering and bearing and high yield of coconut palms.

It is always advisable to test soil in the coconut garden periodically (once in 3 years) based on

the results of which type and dosage of chemical fertilizers should be decided. From an

existing coconut garden soil sample should be taken from the basin of the palm 1 m away

from the trunk.

79

Application of chemical fertilizers

The first application of chemical fertilizers should be done three months after planting and

the quantity of fertilizer to be applied is approximately one tenth of the recommended dose of

fertilizer for adult palms. During the second year, one third of the dosage recommended for

adult palms may be applied in two split doses in May-June and September-October. This

dosage may be doubled during the third year. From the fourth year onwards, fertilizers may

be applied at the rate recommended for adult palms.

Application of 500 g N, 320 g P2O5 and 1200 g K2 0 per palm per year is generally

recommended for adult plantations. To supply the above quantity of nutrients for an adult

palm, it is necessary to apply about 1 kg urea, 1.5 kg rock phosphate (in acidic soil) or 2 kg

super phosphate (in other soils) and 2 kg of muriate of potash (MOP). It can be also be

applied through applying 700g Di ammonium phosphate (DAP), 815g of Urea and 2 kg of

MOP. Fertilizers may be applied in two split doses for the rainfed palms. After the receipt of

summer showers, one-third of the recommended dose of fertilizers may be spread around the

palms within a radius of 1.8 m and forked in. Circular basins of 1.8m in radius and 25 cm

depth may be dug during August-September and green leaf or compost or farm yard manure

at the rate 50 kg per palm may be spread in the pits. The remaining two-third of the

recommended dose of fertilizers may be spread over the green leaf or compost and covered.

Wherever irrigation facilities are available it is advisable to go for more number of splits ,

preferably four split doses (June, August, November and February).

Fertilizer recommendation for coconut (g/tree)

May-June September- October

N P2O5 K2O N P2O5 K2O

First year Planting in May-June 50 40 135

Second year 50 40 135 110 80 270

Third year 110 80 270 220 160 540

Fourth year

onwards

170 120 400 330 200 800

Drip fertigation

If there is drip irrigation facility, then the water soluble fertilizers like urea, DAP, phosphoric

acid (commercial grade) and muriate of potash can be applied along with drip irrigation in 6

equal splits. Through fertigation, it is recommended to provide 91 g urea, 33 ml phosphoric

acid and 170 g muriate of potash per palm per application. When DAP is used it is

80

recommended to provide 70 g urea, 60 g DAP and 170 g muriate of potash for a single dose

per palm.

When the recommended dose of phosphatic fertilizers are applied continuously, the available

phosphorus in the soil goes up. When it is more than 20 ppm, application of phosphatic

fertilizers can be skipped for a few years until the level goes below 20 ppm. If the level is 10

to 20 ppm, half of the recommended phosphorous can be applied.

Application of soil amendments

In soils with acidic nature, in addition to the recommended level of fertilizers, 1 kg of

dolomite or 1 kg of lime may be applied per palm per year. Dolomite/ lime may be broadcast

during April- May in the basins and incorporated into the soil by forking. It should not be

applied along with other fertilizers.

For coconut palms showing yellowing of leaves due to Magnesium deficiency, 0.5 kg of

magnesium sulphate can be applied in the basins along with other fertilizers during

September- October.

Deficiency of the micronutrients, especially Boron, is also observed in coconut palms in

certain localities. The symptoms of boron deficiency include emergence of shorter leaves

with fasciated and crinkled leaves, crown choking, failure unfurl leaves, button shedding,

barren nuts and immature nut fall, ultimately resulting in the death of the affected palm.

About 100 g of borax is to be applied at bi-monthly intervals till the symptom disappears.

Soil Health Analysis:

Dated Institute

Soil Health

Parameters

Values Recommended range Remarks

As recommended by

ICAR Institute/

CAU/SAU/SHU/

Others

(Mention source of publication with date/Year)

Action taken /

proposed by the

applicant



Availability of Water and Nutrient management plan: Yes/ No

81

5.4.3.5.Intercultural operations including Weed management

As

recommended by

ICAR Institute/

CAU/SAU/SHU/

Others

Tillage operations like digging the garden with "mammatty" (spade),

and making shallow basins with a radius of about 2 m at the beginning

of monsoon and filling up at the close of monsoon are beneficial to the

trees. Generally two ploughings can be undertaken per year one is

during pre and post monsoon period. In sandy soils, which are

generally of low fertility and do not have a luxuriant growth of weeds,

regular intercultivation may not be necessary, but in other soils which

permit quick growth of weeds, intercultivation will be necessary to keep

weeds under control. Method of intercultivation will depend upon local

conditions, availability of labour, size of holding, soil type, topography

and distribution of rainfall.

(Mention source of publication with date/Year)

Action taken /

proposed by the

applicant

Points of

Deviation if any

and justification

82

5.4.3.10. Integrated Pest and Diseases Management including Biological control and Food

Safety

Fungal diseases and management (Source: Coconut technical bulletin published by CPCRI

2017)

Diseases Causal organism Management

1. Bud rot Phytophthora

palmivora Butl.

I. Prophylactic treatment

Removal of all disease advanced and dead

palms

Crown cleaning and Field hygiene should

follow before the monsoon season

Application of 1 % Bordeaux mixture or

Keeping of two perforated sachets each

containing 3 g chlorothalonil 78.12%WP in the

innermost leaf axils in opposite direction at

two month’s interval up to December month.

II. Curative treatment

Identify bud rot incidence, if any, in the

initial stage

Removal of infected tissues completely

and pouring of 10% Bordeaux paste and

cover with a polythene sheet to prevent

entry of rain water. The protective

covering has to be retained till normal

shoot emerges

Destroy the infected tissues removed by

burning or deeply burying in the soil.

2. Leaf rot Colletotrichum

gloeosporioides,

Exserohilum

rostratum and

Fusarium solani.

Cut and remove rotten portions of the

spindle and the adjacent two innermost

fully opened leaves.

Mix 2 ml of Hexaconazole 5EC in 300 ml

water and pour around the base of the

spindle leaf

Or apply talc based formulation of

Pseudomonas fluorescens or Bacillus

subtilis singly or in consortium @ 50 g in

500 ml/palm.

In disease endemic areas, treat all palms in

the plantation (healthy and diseased) twice

a year (April-May, October-November).

To make this operation more economical

the treatment should be given along with

83

harvest of nuts before and after the

monsoon.

3. Stem

bleeding

Theilaviopsis

paradoxa (De Seynes)

Höhn

Removal and destruction of disease

advanced and dead palms.

Application of recommended dose of

fertilizers (N(560g), P(320g) and K(1200g)

in two equal splits during June-July and

December –January) and provide irrigation

(45 to 50 l per palm per day) during

summer.

The affected tissues should be completely

removed using a chisel and smear the

wound with 10% Carbendazim (10g in 100

ml of water) and basin drenching with 40

liters of 0.1% Bavistin at quarterly

intervals up to one year.

Root feeding with 100 ml of 5%

Carbendazim at quarterly intervals up to

one year.

Smearing of Trichoderma talc powder

paste on the bleeding patches of the stem

(The paste can be prepared by adding 50g

of Trichoderma talc powder to 25 ml of

water).

4.

Ganoderma

wilt

G. applanatum (pers.)

Pat., and G. lucidum

(leys) Karst.

Removal of dead palms, palms in advanced

stages of the disease and destruction of the

bole and root bits of these palms.

Application of recommended dose of

fertilizers (N(560g), P(320g) and K(1200g)

in two equal splits during June-July and

December –January) and provide irrigation

(45 to 50 l per palm per day) during

summer.

Isolation of diseased palms from healthy

palms by digging isolation trenches of 1 m

deep and 60 cm wide.

Regular basin irrigation during summer

months or moisture conservation by

coconut husk burial (250 husk/palm).

Avoid flood irrigation or ploughing in

infected gardens to prevent spread of the

inoculum.

Raising banana as intercrop wherever

irrigation is possible.

Soil application of Trichoderma harzianum

(CPTD 28) enriched neem cake @ 5

84

kg/palm at quarterly intervals up to one

year, irrigate the palms once in a week and

followed by mulching around the palm

basin.

Root feeding of Hexaconazole 5EC @ 2%

(100 ml solution per palm) at quarterly

intervals and soil drenching @0.2% of

Hexaconazole 5EC (40 l solution per palm)

or with 40 L of 1 per cent Bordeaux

mixture.

6. Grey leaf

spot/blight

Pestalotiopsis

palmarum

Lasiodiplodia

theobromae

Management of Grey leaf spot/blight disease

caused by Pestalotiopsis palmarum

Removal of severely infected leaves

Spraying of 1% Bordeaux mixture or

0.2% Carbendazim 50 WP two times at 45

days interval depending on severity of

disease

Application of recommended dosage of

chemical fertilizers ( N(560g), P(320g) and

K(1200g) in two equal splits during June-

July and September – October) and green

leaf manure or FYM (25 -30 kg per palm),

provide irrigation (45 to 50 l per palm per

day) during summer.

Management of leaf blight disease caused by

Lasiodiplodia theobromae

Removal and burning of severely

affected leaves to avoid further

spread.

Bio-control: Application of (200 g)

Pseudomonas fluorescens along

with FYM (50 kg) + Neemcake (5

kg) /palm/yr.

Spraying of Bordeaux mixture

(1%) or Copper oxychloride (0.25

%) - two times at 45 days interval

during summer months.

Root feeding with carbendazim 2g

or hexaconazole 2ml in 100 ml

water three times at 3 months

interval.

Phytoplasma diseases and management

Root (wilt) Phytoplasma- Management for heavily diseased tracts:

85

disease

16SrRNA group

XI

Removal of disease advanced and diseased

juvenile palms: Disease advanced palms with a

root (wilt) disease index of 70 and above respond

poorly to any kind of management practice because

of lack of sufficient roots and photosynthetic leaf

area. Juvenile palms that contract the disease

before the onset of flowering has a tendency to

seldom yield. Hence such uneconomical palms

have to be removed.

Planting disease resistant/tolerant varieties: As

RWD is not amenable to conventional plant

protection measures, cultivation of resistant

varieties is the most ideal method for management.

The resistant/tolerant varieties Kalparaksha

(selection from Malayan Green Dwarf), Kalpasree

(selection from Chowghat Green Dwarf) and the

hybrid Kalpasankara (Chowghat Green Dwarf X

West Coast Tall) released from Central Plantation

Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) are suitable for

cultivation in RWD endemic tracts.

Balanced fertilizer application: Apply of lime or

dolomite @1.0 kg/palm, 10-12 days prior to

fertilizer application to correct the soil pH. Apply

recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (NPK

@500:300:1000g/palm/year) along with 1.0 kg

magnesium sulphate /palm/year .

Addition of organic manures: Apply organic

manure @ 20kg/palm

Raising of green manure crops in the basins and

incorporation: Green manure crops viz., Mimosa

invisa, Calopogoniummuconoides,

Vignaunguiculata and Peurariaphaseoloides are

ideal for raising in coconut basins. They produce

around 20-25 kg fresh biomass which can

supplement the organic matter to the soil and also

N,P and K @130,12 and 115 g respectively.

Soil and water conservation measures: Mulching

using coconut leaves/ husk burial should be

undertaken during November to May to conserve

soil moisture during summer months. Irrigate the

palms with 200-250Lof water once in four days

through basin irrigation or 32-35Lof water

/palm/day through drip irrigation during summer

periods

Management of leaf rot and other pests: Adopt

recommended management practices against leaf

rot and other pests as they have profound influence

86

S.No Name of the Insect

Pest

IPM recommendation Source of

recommendation

5. Pests and management

1. Rhinoceros beetle

(Oryctes rhinoceros

Linn.)

Field sanitation and

removal of adult beetle

by means of metal hook.

Application of powdered

oil cakes of neem

(Azadirachta indica) or

marotti (Hydnocarpus

wightiana) or Pongamia

pinnata @ 250 g. mixed

with equal volume of

sand in to the top most

three leaf axils around the

base of the spindle leaf

CPCRI Technical bulletin

on Coconut 2017

on productivity of palms

Inter and mixed cropping: Adoption of high

density multispecies cropping system (HDMSCS)

involving vegetables, spices, tubers and fruit crops

has been observed to enhance the net return from

root (wilt) affected gardens

Mixed farming:Mixed farming in the diseased

gardens involving raising of fodder crops in the

inter spaces, maintaining milch cows and recycling

of animal manures increase the income as well as

the employment potential of farm. Addition of

animal manures improve the soil physico chemical

and biological properties which in turn enhance the

productivity of diseased palms.

Management for mildly affected area

Removing all the diseased palms: The spread of

the disease can be arrested by systematic

surveillance and rouging of diseased palms as and

when identified.

Replanting with disease free healthy seedlings:

Sero-diagnostic test is being used extensively in the

identification of healthy elite mother palms,

screening of the progenies of elite palms, screening

nursery seedlings and for confirmation of RWD in

new areas of incidence. Replanting with quality

seedlings has to be undertaken only in gardens with

sufficient space. The varieties resistant/ tolerant to

RWD may be used for replanting in RWD endemic

areas.

87

during May, September

and December.

Application of

naphthalene balls in the

leaf axils at the base of

the spindle @ 12g per

palm covered with sand

for juvenile palms.

Placement of

chlorantraniliprole (0.4%)

GR or chlorpyrifos dust

@ 6 g mixed with 250

sand or perforated

polythene sachet

containing 5 g

Chlorantraniliprole 0.4%

GR in the leaf axils.

Incorporation of the weed

plant, Clerodendron

infortunatum Linn. @

10% w/w in the compost

pit.

Treating breeding sites

with green muscardine

fungus, Metarhizium

anisopliae @ 5x 1011

spores per m3.

Release of Oryctes

rhinoceros nudivirus

(OrNV) infected beetles

@ 10 - 12 Nos. per ha.

Setting aggregation

pheromone (Oryctalure)

trap @ 1 per ha.

2. Red palm weevil

(Rhynchophorus

ferrugineus Oliver)

Prompt destruction of

infested plant materials.

Prophylactic leaf axil

treatment for O.

rhinoceros with a mixture

of neem cake, marotti

cake or pongamia cake

(250 g) and sand (250 g)

keeps away red palm

weevil also.

Prophyalctic leaf axil

filling of chlopyrifos dust

(6g) or chlorantraniliprole

(0.4%) GR (6 g) or

fipronil granules (6g)

88

mixed with sand (250 g)

is found effective.

Curative treatment with

imidacoprid (0.02%) or

spinosad (0.013%) or

indoxycarb (0.04%) is

found effective.

Insecticide solution

should be administered

into the palm with a

funnel through the

uppermost hole after

plugging all the holes.

Trapping adult weevils

using aggregation

pheromone (Ferrolure) in

food baited bucket traps

@ 1 trap per ha.

3. Nut infesting

eriophyid mite

(Aceria guerreronis

Keifer)

Spraying of neem oil-

garlic soap mixture 2%

or azadirachtin 1% @ or

root feeding with

azadirachtin 5% (7.5

ml+7.5 ml water) or

azadirachtin 1% (10 ml

+10 ml of water) is

recommended for mite

management.

Talc based formulation of

Hirsutella thompsoni @

20 g/l/ palm containing

1.6 x 108 cfu with a

frequency of three

sprayings per year.

Adoption of INM

package including

application of NPK

fertilizers as per

recommended levels,

recycling of biomass or

raising of green manure

crops in coconut basin,

summer irrigation and

moisture conservation

measures are also

recommended.

4. Leaf eating

caterpillar (Opisina

arenosella Walker)

Removal and burning of

fully dried 2-3 outer

whorl of leaves helps in

89

removing the pupae and

other pest stages.

Release of larval

parasitoids, Goniozus

nephantidis @ 20

parasitoid / palm and

Bracon brevicornis @ 30

parasitoid / palm.

Setting up of pheromone

traps @ 40 per ha.

Nutritional management

of the palm with balance

dose of recommended

fertilizers and proper

irrigation to rejuvenate

the pest affected palms.

5. White grub

(Leucopholis

coneophora Burm. )

Deep ploughing during

pre- and post- monsoon

periods exposes grubs to

predators.

Setting up of light traps.

Mechanical collection

and destruction of adult

beetles during peak

emergence period (May/

June)

Drenching the root zone

with chlorpyrifos 20 EC

@ 2.5 ml/l, imidacloprid

@ 240 g ai/ha or

bifenthrin @ 4.0 kg ai/ha

during May- June and

September – October.

Root zone application of

entomopathogenic

nematode, Steinernema

carpocapse @ 1.5 billion

IJs / ha and imidacloprid

17.8 SL @ 0.25 ml / litre

during September-

October.

6. Rugose spiralling

whitefly (RSW)

(Aleurodicus

rugioperculatus )

Application of 1% starch

solution on leaflets to

flake out the sooty

moulds.

Installation of yellow

sticky traps on the palm

.16p.

90

trunk to trap adult

whiteflies.

Encourage build up of

parasitoids (Encarsia

guadeloupae) and re-

introduce parasitized

pupae to emerging zones

of whitefly outbreak.

In severe case, spray

neem oil @ 0.5% and no

insecticide is

recommended.

Complete destruction of

RSW and immature

stages on coconut

seedlings by spraying

imidacloprid @ 0.005%

to avoid spread of the

pest to new areas.

Habitat conservation of

sooty mould feeding

scavenging beetles

(Leiochrinus nilgirianus)

in the palm ecosystem.

6. Nematodes and management

1. Burrowing

nematode,

Radopholus similis

Application of oil cakes,

farmyard manure and

growing of sun hemp in

the basin and interspaces,

and their incorporation as

green manure help in the

inhibition of nematode

multiplication.

use of nematode free

healthy seedlings in the

main field.

Raising coconut seedlings

in plastic bags containing

potting mixture enriched

with bio-agents such as

Paeceilomyces lilacinus,

Pasturia penetrans and

mycorrhizae can supress

nematode multiplication.

Application of neem cake

@ 5 kg/palm.

2. Root-knot

nematode: Follow crop rotation with

non-host crops, selection

91

Meloidogyne

incognita

(Infesting inter

crops grown in

coconut gardens)

of tolerant varieties,

changing planting site

every year, fallowing,

growing of antagonistic

crops like marigold in

alternate rows reduce

nematode population

build up.

Application of bio control

agents such as

Trichoderma, VAM and

Paecilomyces lilacinus

reduce nematode

population.

92

5.4.5.Farm Structures and Farm Mechanisation

5.4.5.2. Farm Mechanisation

Available Machinery and equipment’s / implements

Operations Available Machinery

and equipment’s /

implements

Proposed use justification

Harvesting Coconut climbing

device (Joseph model,

paddle type, TNAU

model and CPCRI

model)

For harvesting

coconut

For easy climbing

Dehusking Mechanical dehusker To remove husk High capacity,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

Deshelling Coconut deshelling

machine (Single and

double head)

To remove shell

after partial

drying for copra

making

High capacity,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

Deshelling Coconut shell

removing machine

(Single and double

head)

To remove shell

from fresh

coconut

High capacity,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

Testa removing Testa remover (Single

and double head)

To remove testa High capacity,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

Pulverizing Coconut pulverizer To produce wet

fine powder

from coconut

kernel

High capacity,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

Slicing Coconut slicing

machine (Manual and

Electrical)

For making 0.75

– 1 mm thick

coconut slices

High capacity,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

93

Drying Shell fired copra dryer,

Solar tunnel dryer

For making

copra

High capacity,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

Drying Coconut chips dryer

(Electrical and

Agricultural waste

fired)

For making

coconut chips

High capacity,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

Milk extraction Coconut milk

extracting machine

(Manual, hydraulic,

single and double

screw milk expellers)

For extracting

milk from

pulverized

coconut kernels

High capacity,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

Cooking Virgin Coconut Oil

cooker (LPG / Biogas /

Steam boiler /

Agricultural waste

fired)

To make virgin

coconut oil by

hot processing

and coconut

sugar from

Neera/Kalparasa

High capacity,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

Fermentation Fermentation tank To make virgin

coconut oil by

fermentation

processing

High capacity,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

Neera/Kalparasa

tapping

Coco-sap chiller box To extract

Neera/Kalparasa

from coconut

inflorescence

Hygienic tapping,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

Tender nut water

extraction

Tender nut punch and

cutter

To extract water

and pulp from

tender coconut

Hygienic extraction,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

Tender nut ball

extraction

Snowball tender nut

machine

To take tender

nut ball along

with water

Hygienic extraction,

gender friendly and

less drudgery

94

5.5. Post-Harvest Management

5.5.1. Post-Harvest infrastructure scenario in horticulture sector in the State and specially for

the proposed crop / component

The introduction of Technology Mission Programme on coconut by Coconut Development

Board since 2001-02, has given adequate emphasis on product diversification and market

promotional activities in coconut sector. 439 new coconut processing units with capacity to

process more than 2600 million nuts per year has been established under the programme for

value addition and by product utilization and thereby extended opportunities for

diversification of coconut products. 25 tender coconut water preserving and packing units

were established with capacity to process 138.6 million tender nuts per year. Moreover, 103

desiccated coconut powder units with capacity to process 1221 million nuts per year, and 54

virgin coconut oil production units with capacity to process 217 million coconut per year

have also been established. (Source: Indian Coconut Journal, February 2018)

95

Harvesting of coconuts

Stage of maturity of nuts at harvest

Coconuts are harvested at different stages of maturity for specific uses. For tender nut

purpose, harvesting is done when the nuts are six to eight months old. For snowball tender

nut and coconut chips purpose, eight to nine and nine to ten month old nuts are harvested

respectively. For the production of copra and other kernel based products, only fully mature

coconuts are harvested. The nuts reach full maturity in 11 to 12 months after the

inflorescence is opened. At this stage, the output of copra and oil as well as brown fibre

would be the maximum. In a study in India, it was found that compared to 12 month old nuts,

the copra yield was less to the extent of six percent in 11 month old nuts, 16 percent in 10

month old nuts and 33 percent in nine month old nuts. The corresponding reduction in the

percentage of oil was found to be five, 15 and 33 percent respectively. In places where green

husks are in demand for the production of white fibre, the usual practice is to harvest 11

month old nuts. The slightly low copra output at this stage would, however, be compensated

by the additional income derived from the fibre and its products.

Harvesting

Though the coconut palm produces an average of 12 inflorescences in one year, some of the

inflorescences are likely to abort or may fail to develop into fruit bunches due to

environmental factors. Consequently, the number of bunches available for harvest is less than

12 in many areas. Similarly, the frequency of harvest also varies from country to country and

also within the countries. In many areas, six to twelve harvests per year are the usual practice.

In the properly managed gardens, harvest at monthly intervals is usually adopted. In the

neglected gardens, bunches are not produced regularly and, as such, not more than six

harvests are possible in a year. In most of the coconut growing countries, harvesting is done

at bimonthly intervals and only fully mature nuts of 12 months or above are harvested.

96

5.5.2.Product / Process Flow chart- Illustrative ( It should be crop and project specific)

Fig. Flow chart of Desiccated Coconut powder production

5.5.3. Lay out/Floor plan of post harvest operations

Fig. Flow chart of Virgin Coconut Oil processing

97

Fig. Process protocol developed for the production of coconut chips

(Source: http://coconutboard.nic.in/process.htm)

Fig. Flow chart of Flavoured coconut milk processing

Pasteurization at 75- 80 ° C for 10 min using plate heat exchanger

Addition of stabilizers and emulsifiers

Addition of preservative

Milk extraction

http://coconutboard.nic.in/process.htm

98

Fig. Flow chart for coconut milk packaging

Figure. Flow chart.-Protocol for the preparation of coconut sugar, jaggery and honey

Homogenization

Packing the product (bottling/ canning/ Form fill seal)

Kalparasa (pH > 6.8)

Straining---------Foreign matter rejected

Boiling (60 to 70o Brix) Honey

Concentration ------ Poured to moulds of coconut leaf/steel Jaggary

Concentrate further

Cool at room temperature

Sugar (14 to 15% recovery)

99

5.6 Marketing

5.6.1.Connectivity of project site and produce

Road connectivity

Rail connectivity

Air connectivity

5.6.2.Nearest produce Assembling / Aggregation unit/ place if any

5.6.3.Existing Market Institutions – Agri.Produce Market Committees, …………………….

a) Near to Project site

b) Within the District / Neighbourhood districts

c) Within the State

d) In Adjacent State

5.6.4.Alternative Marketing strategies;

a. Pre-harvest contract

b. On Farm Marketing

c. Retail Marketing

d. Wholesale marketing

e. Online Marketing

f. Exports

5.6.5.Traceability Record/ system proposed if any for packs.

100

5.6.6.Proposed value chain / method of Marketing by the Applicant

101

5.7 Value Addition/ Processing

Potential for the processing of crop produce / commodity and facilities / infrastructure

available

Processing product (s) Infrastructure /

Processing units

available

Capacity %

capacity

utilisation

Remarks

102

6 Technology providers

6.1.Research Institute (s) [ ICAR/CAU/SAU/SHU etc.] providing / from which technical

details are ascertained

103

6.2. Experts-whose services are availed -Crop expert / Subject Matter Specialist (SMS)

and other experts consulted DPR preparation.

Crop Expert Name of Horticulturist/ Crop Expert

(Mandatory) Current profession:

Educational Qualification and

University passed out

Registration Number if any

Permanent Address:

Contact Number:

Hi Tech Expert Name of Expert

(Desirable) Current profession:




Permanent Address:

Contact Number:

Post-Harvest

Management

Expert

Name of PHM Expert





Permanent Address:

Contact Number:

Cold storage / Infra

Expert / Charter

Engineer

Name of Expert


104




Permanent Address:

Contact Number:

Market Expert Name of Expert





Permanent Address:

Contact Number:

Project Finance Name of Expert

(Mandatory) Current profession:




Permanent Address:

Contact Number:

6.3.Agri-Business Incubators

1. List of Incubators nearest to the project.

2. If any assistance is taken from the incubators, details

105

7 Food Safety – With / Without Good Agricultural Practices Certification

7.1. GAP Optional

Whether the applicant proposes to undertake Good Agricultural

Practices?

Yes/No

If Yes. What brand / kind GAP – Provide details of brand

Provide Certifying Agency details and contact person

NABL lab whose services are proposed to be availed to assure

compliance with regard to pesticide / chemical residue.

7.2.FOOD SAFETY MEASURES

7.2.1.Pre-Planting Measures

Activity Action taken /Proposed

to be in the project

1. Site selection

Land or site for coconut cultivation should be selected

on the basis of land history, previous manure

applications and crop rotation.

2. Manure handling and field application

Livestock manure can be a valuable source of nutrients,

but it also can be a source of human pathogens if not

managed correctly.

a) Proper and thorough composting of manure,

incorporating it into soil prior to planting, and avoiding

top-dressing of plants are important steps toward

reducing the risk of microbial contamination.

3. Manure storage and sourcing

a) Manure should be stored as far away as practical from

areas where fresh produce is grown and handled.

b) Physical barriers or wind barriers should be erected to

prevent runoff and wind drift of manure.

c) Manure should be actively compost so that high

106

temperature achieved by well-managed, aerobic

compost can kill most harmful pathogens.

4. Timely application of manure

Manure should be applied at the end of the season to all

planned vegetable ground or fruit acreage, preferably

when soils are warm, non-saturated, and cover-cropped.

If manure is being applied at the start of a season, then

the manure should be spread two weeks before planting,

preferably to grain or forage crops.

5. Selection of appropriate crop

Farmers should avoid growing root and leafy crops in

the year that manure is applied to a Field. Manure

should be applied to perennial crops in the planting year

only. The long period between application and harvest

will reduce the risks.

7.2.2.Production Measures

1. Irrigation water quality

Ideally, water used for irrigation or chemical spray

should be free from pathogen. However, potable water

or municipal water is not feasible for extensive use for

crop production.

a) Hence, surface water used for irrigation should be

quarterly tested in laboratory for pathogen.

b) Farmers can filter or use the settling ponds to

improve water quality.

c) Fruit and vegetable crops should not be side

dressed with fresh or slurry manure. If side

dressing is required, well composted or well-aged

(greater than one year) manure should be used for

the application.

2. Irrigation methods

a) Drip irrigation method should be used, whenever

possible to reduce the risk of crop contamination

because the edible parts of most crops are not

wetted directly.

107

b) Plant disease levels also may be reduced and

water use efficiency is maximized with this

method.

3. Field sanitation and animal exclusion

a) Farmers should stay out of wet fields to reduce

the spread of plant or human pathogens.

b) Tractors, plant, machinery and equipments that

were used in manure handling should be cleaned

prior to entering produce fields.

c) Animals, including poultry or pets should not be

allowed to roam in crop areas, especially close to

harvest time.

4. Worker facilities and hygiene

a) Farmers should get proper training to make them

understand the relationship between food safety and

personal hygiene. These facilities should be

monitored and enforced.

b) Ideally, farm workers should be provided clean, well-

maintained and hygienic toilet facilities around the

farming areas separately for the male and female.

7.2.3.Harvest

1. Clean harvest aids

a) Bins and all crop containers have to washed

and rinsed under high pressure. All crop

containers should be sanitized before harvest.

b) Bins should be properly covered, when not in

used to avoid contamination by birds and

animals.

2. Worker hygiene and training

a) Good personal hygiene is particularly

important during the harvest of crops. Sick

employees or those with contaminated hands

can spread pathogens to produce.

b) Employee awareness, meaningful training and

108

accessible restroom facilities with hand wash

stations encourage good hygiene.

7.2.4.Post-Harvest Handling

1. Worker hygiene

a) Hands can contaminate fresh fruits and

vegetables with harmful microbes

b) Packing area should be cleaned and sanitized.

c) Supply liquid soap in dispensers, potable

water, and single-use paper towels for hand

washing.

d) Packing area should be cleaned and sanitized.

Supply liquid soap in dispensers, potable

water, and single-use paper towels for hand

washing.

e) Workers should be properly educated about

the importance of restroom use and proper

hand washing.

f) Encourage proper use of disposable gloves on

packing lines.

g) Sick employee should not be given food-

contact jobs.

2. Monitor wash water quality

a. Potable water should be preferably used in all

washing operations.

b. Clean water should be maintained in dump

tank by sanitizing and changing water

regularly.

c. Use chlorinated water and other labeled

disinfectants to wash fresh produce.

3. Sanitize packinghouse and packing operations

a. Loading, staging, and all food contact surfaces

should be cleaned and sanitized at the end of

each day.

109

b. Exclude all animals, especially rodents and

birds from the packinghouse.

c. Wash, rinse and sanitize the packing line belts,

conveyors, and food contact surfaces at the

end of each day to avoid buildup of harmful

microorganisms.

d. Packaging material should be stored in a clean

area

4. Pre-cooling and cold storage

a. After harvesting, fruits and vegetables should

be quickly cooled to minimize the growth of

pathogens and maintain good quality.

b. Water bath temperature for cooling should not

be more than 10F cooler than the produce pulp

temperature.

c. Refrigeration room should not be overloaded

beyond cooling capacity.

5. Transportation of produce from farm to market

a) Proper cleanliness of the transportation

vehicles should be ensured before loading.

b) Farmers have to make sure that fresh fruits

and vegetables are not shipped in trucks which

have carried live animals or harmful

substances.

c) If these trucks must be used, they should be

washed, rinsed, and sanitized them before

transporting fresh produce.

d) For traceability norms, it must be ensured that

each package leaving the farm can be traced to

field of origin and date of packing

Source: TNAU

http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/gap_gmp_glp/gap_fresh%20_%20fruits%20&%20veg.html

110

8.Innovation if any

111

9.Profitability of the project (Horti-business): Critical observations of Applicant

112

10 Checklist

Check list for Detail Project Report (DPR)

Mandatory

Information

Document /

Evidence *

Tick

Mark

Project at a Glance √

1 About the Applicant /Promoter √

2 Details of benefits availedby the Applicant

/ Promoter

√

3 About Project -Name, rationale,

Management and Description

1. Name of Project, Activity, Objectives

and expected Outcomes

√

2. Rationale / Justification for the project √

3. Site/ Land details- RoR/ Ownership /

Registration of lease/ map etc.

√ Certified Land

revenue

documents

4. Location of the Project- Identification √

5. Current usage of land of proposed

Project Area

√

6. Current infrastructure and assets

possessed by the Applicant:

√

7. Lay out plan of the project √ Lay out Plan

8. Conversion of Land Use (CLU) √ Certificate

from

competent

authority

9. Whether project site is part of

production belt / cluster / hub

√

10. Rationale for the location of the

project

√

11. Compliance of project site for food

safety

√

12. Components / Activities of the

Project with justification

√

13. Operations planning √

14. Month wise operational chart /

Implementation schedule

√

15. Backward and Forward linkages. √

16. Manpower (Skilled & Unskilled

labour etc.) availability

√

17. Infrastructure (Power, Fuel, Water,

Plant and Machinery, connectivity,

Effluents treatment etc.)- Required,

Already available, Gaps and the

management.

√

113

18. Employment generation √

19. SWOT Analysis √

20. Monitoring and evaluation √ Certificate

4 NHB Scheme under which the project is

proposed with rationale / justification.

5 Project details

5.1 Agro-climatic suitability / feasibility

1. Origin

2. and distribution of crop in the said

location and India and in the world

(briefly)

3. Agro-climatic / Horticultural zones

and suitability of the crop (s)

√ IMD Data

4. Soil type and latest health-suitability

for the crop

√ Latest Soil

health card

(not more than

1 month old)

5. Water (irrigation) source, availability,

Quality and suitability

√ Latest Water

Analysis report

(not more than

1 month old)

5.2 Market viability

1. Commercial and Nutritive importance

/ significance, composition and Uses

2. Target Market √

3. Area, Production and Productivity in

the District, State and India for the last

5 years

4. Clusters of the project crop in the

state.

√

5. Demand and Supply Gap √ State

Horticulture

Dept.

6. Global producers- Country, Area,

Production, Productivity and global

market share in the last available 5

years.

7. International trade and potential (for

export oriented projects)

√ @

8. Seasonality of fruit and its comparison

with other available fruits

√

9. Price variation of commodity in the

State and nearby markets

√ State Govt.

10. Balance sheet of commodity in the

State

11. Central and State Government policy

12. Value chain in the commodity √

13. Proposed Strategy by the Applicant

for Marketing and Market viability

√

114

5.3 Financial viability

1. Due diligence status √

2. Project Cost √ Certified by

CA

3. Means of Finance √

4. Investment into Horticulture √

5. Key financial Indicators √

6. Project Financing √

a. Rate of Interest √

b. Returns from the Project

(IRR):

√

c. Cost of Production and

Profitability (Annexure)

√

d. Yield and Sales Chart

(Annexure)

√

e. Proposed Balance

Sheet: (Annexure)

√

f. Proposed Cash flow Statement

for next 7 years (Annexure)

√

g. Proposed Profit & Loss

Account: (Annexure)

√

h. Proposed Repayment of Term

loan and Schedule (Annexure)

√

i. Break even Analysis

(Annexure)

√

j. NPV (Net Present Value) √

k. Economic Rate of Return √

7. Farm record keeping/ Maintenance

proposed

√ Records

5.4 Land development and Crop Husbandry

5.4.1.Land development

5.4.2.Selection of Quality Planting Material

1. Recommended and popular Cultivars-

varieties/hybrids, their specific

characteristics, requirements and

yields

√

2. Cultivar/Hybrid/Variety selected and

Criterion adopted for selection

√

3. Propagation methods √

4. Accredited / Good Nurseries in the

area

√

5. Planting material-source, quality and

suitability

√ Nursery / Shop

Invoice with

Seed quality

5.4.3.Orchard / Site planning, Lay out and

management

1. Planning, establishment and layout

systems

√

2. Land preparation √

3. Planting Season / time and density √

115

and transplanting

4. Water and Nutrient management √ Written plan

5. Intercultural operations including

Weed management

√

6. Plant canopy architecture

management/ training and pruning

√

7. Planting systems and transplanting

of horticultural crops

√

8. Use of Pollinators & pollinisers √

9. Use of Plant growth regulators √

10. Flowering & fruiting √

11. Integrated Pest and Disease

Management and Food Safety

measures

√

12. Physiological disorders- causes,

preventive and management

measures.

√

13. Special problems if any √

5.4.5.Farm Structures and mechanisation √

1. Protective cover structure √ Technical

standards

Undertaking of

expertise /

competency by

Agency

2. Farm Mechanisation √ Company

Brochures

5.4.6.Harvesting and Fruit / flower care

management

5.5 Post-Harvest Management √

1. Post-Harvest infrastructure scenario in

horticulture sector in the State and

specially for the proposed crop /

component

2. Product/ Process Flow chart √

3. Lay out / Floor Plan of post-harvest

operations

√

4. Post-harvest operations (Based on

applicability)

√ Protocols

5. Pre-cooling √

6. Curing √

7. Cleaning / Washing √

8. Sorting and Grading √

9. Packing and labelling √ Models

10. Ripening √

11. Transport √

12. Storage- Low cost / cold storage/ CA √

13. Post-harvest infrastructure – Integrated

Post-harvest Management- (Which ever

√ Technical

Standards

116

component is proposed)

1. Integrated Pack house

2. Pack House

3. Pre-cooling unit

4. Cold Room (Staging)

5. Mobile Pre-cooling unit

6. Ripening Chamber

7. Primary Processing

8. Refer van

9. Retail outlet

10. Labour room

5.6 Marketing

1. Aggregation & Assembling:

Marketing infrastructure

√

2. Market Institutions and agents √

3. Demand and Supply trends and

forecast both in local and National

markets.

4. Traceability system √

5. Proposed value chain / method of

Marketing by the Applicant

√

5.7 Value addition / Processing √

6 Technology providers √

1. ICAR /CAU/ SAU/SHU / Research

Stations and Experts names

√

2. Agri/Horti-Business incubators √

7 Food Safety -With /Without GAP

certification

1. GAP Certification if any √

2. Food safety measures √ Clean farm,

Trained

workers;

Protective

clothing,

Safety

equipment;

First Aid;

Safety and

Hygiene

policy; Waste

Management

Plan

a. Pre-planting √

b. Crop husbandry √

c. Harvestings √

d. Post-harvest √

8 Innovation if any

9 Risk Management √ Proposed

insurance

details if any

10 Checklist √

11 Declaration from Crop Expert and Project

Finance Expert

√

117

Self-declaration by the Applicant √

Note: *: Documents are to be submitted only when NHB accords Pre- IPA approval.

@ In case of export units.

11.1.Declaration by Crop Expert ( if the Project / Crop specific information, data and

chapters of DPR are prepared by the expert and not by the applicant)

I have read and understood the latest NHB Schemes operational guidelines and made the

applicant understand the same.

The technical information provided in the Detail Project Report are as recommended by

ICAR/ State Agriculture / Horticulture University/ …….Research Institute as published in

their publication…………./ genuine website……………….

The project is technically feasible and economically viable and is bankable.

Certified that the information/contents as above furnished by me/us in the application are true

to the best of my/our knowledge & belief and nothing material has been concealed.

My details are as follows:

Name of Crop Expert (Could be any working or retired faculty / scientist in

ICAR/ CAU/SAU/SHU/State Horticulture Dept. or

ICAR Agri/Horti-business incubators)

Current/ previous profession:

Educational qualification and


Registration number if any

Permanent address:

Contact Number: Tel

Mobile

Email

Place Signature

Date Designation and Seal

118

11.2.Declaration by Project Finance Expert (Chartered accountant)

( if the Market viability and Financial Viability chapters are prepared by the Project Finance

Expert and not done by the applicant on his/her own)

I have read and understood the latest NHB Schemes operational guidelines and made the

applicant understand the same.

The project is technically feasible and economically viable and is bankable.

The Financial and Market viability as provided in the Detail Project Report is true to the best

of my knowledge.

Certified that the information/contents as above furnished by me/us in the application are true

to the best of my/our knowledge & belief and nothing material has been concealed.

Name of Chartered Accountant

Current profession:

Educational qualification and


Registration number if any

Permanent address:

Contact Number: Tel

Mobile

Email

Place Signature

Date Designation and Seal

119

12.Self-Declaration by applicant

1. I have read and understood the latest NHB Schemes operational guidelines including

conditions, norms and pattern of assistance.

2. The information provided in the Detail Project Report is true to my knowledge.

3. In case the details provided by me viz., (i) my personal details, land, previous benefits

availed by me from either Central and State Government if proved false at any stage NHB

is entitled to recover any subsidy if any released by it from me.

4. I have personally ascertained technical details of the projector or I have availed the

services of a competent Horticulturist for technical details and viability. Accordingly

declaration is provided herewith.

5. I have personally ascertained Financial and Market viability of the project or I have

availed the services of a competent Project Finance expert for the requisite project finance

details and project viability. Accordingly declaration is provided herewith.

6. In case the project is approvedfor pre-IPA, I shall undergo a 2 Weeks (min.10 working

days) training programme in case of Open field condition and protective cover (with or

without PHM component) and a minimum of 1 Week programme in case of standalone

PHM component at my own expenses in one of the ICAR/CAU/SAU/SHU/ Research

Station/ Centres of Excellence/ related Central or State Government institution/ others as

found appropriate / approved by NHB.

7. I shall adopt scientific package of practices / technology and maintain proper farm

accounts.

8. The project is technically feasible and economically viable and is bankable.

9. In case the project application is considered for application processing, I am bound to

submit all required / requisite mandatory documents to establish veracity of my DPR and

eligibility to claim subsidy under NHB Schemes in the form prescribed with in 3 months

of any such intimation from NHB for according In principle approval (IPA). Else I

acknowledge that my application stands vacated and rejected by default of my omission.

10. Incomplete/ NPA projects and default cases shall not be eligible for subsidy.

11. In case the project is approved for subsidy claim I shall undertake a MOU with NHB to

comply with all the terms and conditions of the scheme guidelines as effective on the date

of subsidy claim approval and any other condition/ advisory in the interest of projects

success and sustainability.

Applicant (Name and signature) and Seal if any

Date

Location:

120

Annexure: Proposed Stages in NHB Scheme Implementation

Stage Player Step Mode Timeline Remarks /

Enclosures

1 Applicant Submission of Prescribed

Application -specific to the

scheme enclosing DPR

based on model template.

Online No document

is required to

be enclosed

but with

requisite fees.

2 NHB Examines the Application

and DPR and gets it

appraised for Agro-climatic

suitability, Market viability,

Technological feasibility

and capability of applicant

duly considering the budget,

priority (SabkaSaathSabka

Vikas) and design of

implementation of the offer /

Year.

Target

1 Month

Evaluated by

a panel of 3

experts.

Kept

confidential.

3 Applicant

+ Bank

If the project is sound, NHB

informs Pre-In Principle

Approval (Pre-IPA) to the

applicant to submit all the

prescribed / requisite

documents along with

Bank Appraisal of

Market viability and

Financial viability

(should be after NHB

Pre-IPA) ;

and Sanction (after

Appraisal) within 3

months of NHB Pre-

IPA.

Any lapse in time line, the

Pre-IPA stands vacated /

rejected. However he is

eligible for fresh

submission.

Max. 1

month

(Allowed

max.3

months

strictly)

Prescribed

documents

including

those

specified in

DPR

checklist.

4 Applicant Undergoes 2 Weeks training

programme on the project /

Crop at his own expenses in

an institute recommended /

approved by NHB

5 NHB NHB examines the

application, DPR with

reference to documentary

2 months

Target

121

evidence and Bank

Appraisal of Market

viability and financial

viability duly considering

the budget, priority

(SabkaSaathSabka Vikas)

and design of

implementation of the offer /

Year.

1 Month

6 NHB takes decision on

according In-Principle

Approval (IPA) to the

applicant. In case it is

approved, it is informed to

the applicant.

7 In case of projects rejected

by NHB, the entrepreneur is

provided an opportunity to

make his case by way of

presentation of his project

on an appointed day in the

presence of competent

authority.

The forum objective is to

help the entrepreneur to

know the weaknesses of the

project currently and enable

him/ her to review / revise

his/ her project as deem

appropriate to suit NHB

requirements. The

entrepreneur is open to

submit project proposal

afresh.

8 Applicant Where ever IPA is issued-

Applicant has to complete

the project within the

prescribed time limit. Else

the IPA stands vacated /

cancelled.

18 months

9 Applicant Applicant submits subsidy

claim within 3 months of

completion of the project.

Else the IPA stands vacated

and rejected

3 months Prescribed

documents

10 NHB +

Bank/ FI+

Applicant

NHB undertakes Joint

Inspection of the field/

activity

Target:

Max. 30

days of

request

122

11 NHB NHB JIT submits JIT report 15 days

12 NHB NHB examines the JIT

report and takes decision on

release of subsidy subject to

Scheme conditions and

publish decision / minutes of

competent authority with

reasons in NHB website.

2 months

13 NHB In case NHB approves

release of subsidy, releases

funds with in 15 working

days of minutes of

competent authority to SRF

account.

14 Bank/

Applicant

1. Confirms the receipt of

subsidy.

2. Closely monitor the

project health for over 5

years.

3. Takes into consideration

the NHB advisories.

15 Applicant 1. Confirms the receipt of

subsidy.

2. Maintain farm records

and accounts.

3. Adopts technology /

scientific package of

practices and innovate

marketing / business

strategies.

4. Takes into consideration

the NHB advisories.

5. Regularly reports the

performance of project

health

6. Share best practices if

any to NHB.

Please contact for any further crop specific information:

Director

ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute

Kudlu. P. O

Kasaragod-671124

Kerala

Phone : 04994-232894

Fax : 04994-232322

E-Mail :[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Home page: http://www.cpcri.gov.in/

THE END

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