development of psychiatry_and_psychoanalysis
TRANSCRIPT
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The Development of Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis in Post-totalitarian and Transitional Societies
Prof. Dr. Mikhail ReshetnikovEuropean Confederation of Psychoanalytical Psychotherapies, President
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In Soviet times (to the end of 70-s of XX century) psychiatric textbooks wrote, that there were no neuroses in the USSR, because the USSR was declared “a new type of society, which had no social basis for neurosis – the disease of rotten West”.
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«All types of psychic activity are based on reflexes». I. P. Pavlov
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The USSR was expelled from all international psychiatric societies for practicing punitive psychiatry. There had been no connections to foreign psychotherapeutic societies since 1924.
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Directors of state clinics thought: “X. is incompetent dentist (for example), so I will send him to have chat with patients”. These specialists hadn’t any psychotherapeutic education and training.
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In the process of such training he learned 44 psychotherapeutic methods, so he could declare himself a specialist in any of them.
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Such specialists know something about all 44 methods, but cannot apply any of them in practice. Such training doesn’t include personal therapy and supervisions. So, most of these specialists got their state certificates without applying these methods in practice, without seeing any patients, without being in a patient’s role themselves.
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There are about 16 000 psychiatrists in Russian state clinics now and about 2 000 psychotherapists. The ratio is: one psychotherapist to eight psychiatrists.
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Psychology graduate invites adults and children
to group therapy.
Call now!
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«Any problems? Professional witch cures virtually EVERYTHING».
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Ministry of Health gave official certificates of healers to 300 000 of them, and there are many more without any official registration. And there are only 14 000 specialists who had at least minimal training (I mean, psychologists and state psychotherapists), while the population of the country is 140 million.
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Feel sad and hopeless?Problems in the office or with the family?
PROZAC WILL HELP YOU!
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National Federation of Psychoanalysis has about 400 members now, and only 150 of them are in clinical practice. In 2008 (it is 12 years after professional training system was established), there are 62 certified specialists, 37 training analysts and 22 supervisors.
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Dr. Rackow, Dr. Burns and Dr. Loeb, Dr. J. Frank, Dr. E. Frank with the teachers and the students in the
Institute
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Dr. Stern and Dr. Bershatsky with the teachers and the students in the
Institute
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Psychoanalysis became second main method of psychotherapy in Russia. 15 years ago 72% of Russian psychotherapists identified themselves as multimodal, the second were hypnologists – 15%, and 13% could not identify themselves. Now 57% are multimodal, 27% are psychoanalytic or psychodynamic, 24% are behavioral, 17% are rational therapists, 14% are suggestive therapists, and 5% are gestalt-therapists. Totally we have more than 100% here because some therapists chose 2 approaches from the list. С
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Average daily number of the patients in Saint-Petersburg Psychoanalytical Centre in 1998 and 2008
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Average age of the therapists in Russia and in Europe or the USA
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Average number of the candidatesin psychoanalytic institute in Russia and in Europe or the USA
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Prof. Mikhail Reshetnikov, M.D., Psy.D., President of European Confederation of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies (ECPP, Austria),Rector of East-European Psychoanalytical University (Saint-Petersburg, Russia).