01 Solid fuels (preparation)

95/02291 Stud of coal rtructure using STM and AFM Yang, Q. er al., x C in. Sci. Bull., 1994, 39, (ll), 941-944. Presents preliminary results of the coal structure study b ling microscopy and atom force microscopy. Graphitize , semi-graphitized B

scanning tunnel-

and anthracite coals were used in the study.

95IQ2292 Study on the structure of fulvlc acid from weath- grd coal using modified sodlum dlchromatr oxidation and GC-

Zhou, X. et al., Fuel Sci. Tech&. Int., 1994, 12, ll), 14951508. 6 Fulvic acid extracted from a weathered coal was met ylated and then oxi-

datively degraded with sodium dichromate in water at 210”. The degrada- tion products isolated from the aqueous solution were analyzed using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy after esterification.

Preparation

95/02300 Activation of anthracite: Using carbon dioxide ver- sua air Bessant, G. A. and Walker, P. L. Carbon, 1994, 32, (6), 1171-1176. Devolatilized (950°C) anthracite was activated in 0.1 MPa CO, at 950°C and 0.1 MPa aK at 425°C and 450°C. At comparable gasification rates and carbon bum-offs in CO, and air, larger surface areas and pore volumes were developed by activation in CO,. This is attributed foremost to less uniform activation through the anthracite particles when gasification takes place in air. Also, the formation of a stable oxygen complex, concurrent with carbon gasification in air, may reduce the efficiency of anthracite activation.

95102293 Sulfur characterization of Polish coals, their llthotypes and macerals Grvalewicz. G. et al.. FueL Mar. 1995. 74, (3). 349-355. T&e coalb of different ra& &=0.5&l.dlky and the lithotypes and mace& seoarated from these coals. were analvsed in this studv. The wet chemical te’chnique was used to determine tie distribution 01 sulphate, pyritic and organic sulphur forms in the coals and lithotypes. The morphol- ogy, size and mode of occurrence of pyrite were examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X- ray analysis. An oxidative technique was developed to study the organi- cally bound sulphur in the maceral microsamples. Pyritic and organic sulphur accounted for nearly all the sulphur in the coals examined and their lithotypes. In comparison with the coals, the lithotypes had a higher pro- portion of very fine pyrite. Pyrite was most sbundant in fusain.

95102294 Sulfur during early dlagrnesls In Sphagnum peat: Insights from delta 34s ratio profiles In “oPb-dated peat cores Novak, M. et al., Limnol. Oceanogr., 1994, 39, (5), 1172-1185.

95102295 Sulfur speclatlon of desulfurlzed coals by XANES spectroscopy Huffman, G. P. et a!., Fuel, Apr. 1995, 74, (4), 549-555. Least square analysis of the X-ray absorption near edge structures XANES) region of sulphur K edge X-ray absorption fine structure XAFS) spectra can provide a quantitative analysis of both the organic and

inorganic functional forms of sulphur in coal. In the current article, this method is applied to speciation -of the sulphur forms in a number of desulphurized coals. The samples investigated include biologically desulphurized coals, samples subjected to selective chemical reactions, samples subjected to molten caustic leaching and specimens treated with boiling oerchloroethylene. In all cases, analysis of XANES provides a reasoriatily quantitative speciation of the ch-anges in the suldhur forms resulting from the various treatments.

95iQ2296 Thermal propertles of Bangladesh1 coal-peats found In Baghla Beel of Farldpur dlstrlct Hossain, T. et al., Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res., 1994, 29, (l), 130-135. The DTA of Bangladeshi peat found in Baghia Bee1 of Faridpur district was carried out and an attempt has been made to correlate the thermal properties of the peats with their electrical properties that had been previ- ously studied.

95lQ2297 Vltrlnlte reflectance and molecular geochemist u

of Jurassic sedlments: The influence of heating by Tertiary dl es (northwest Scotland) Bishou. A. N. and Abbott. G. D. Or. Geochem.. 1995,22, (I), 165-177. Vitriniie reflectance mea&rements from sedimen&ry rocks adjacent to six dikes from sites across the Inner Hebrides indicate that the lateral extent of thermal alteration is reasonably similar and proportional to dike thickness with alteration starting to take effect at 70% dike thickness. Detailed sam- ples of a Jurassic siltstone adjacent to a 0.9 m dike reveals that the zone of maximum extractable organic matter (BOM wt/g rock), equivalent to the ‘oil window’, is relatively narrow (ca. 25% of the dike thickness). The position of this ‘oil window’, relative to the vitrinite reflectance profile, is comparable with that from burial maturation.

95102298 Vltrlnlte reflectance suppresslon in coal due to a marlne transgression: Case study of the organic geochemistry of the Greta seam, Sydney Basln George, S. C. et al., APE.4 J., 1994, 34, 241-255. Discusses the vitrinite reflectance suppression in coal of the Permian Greta seam, northern Sydney Basin. It is suggested that the observed suppression is caused by the more perhydrous nature of vitrinite in marine-influence coals.

95102299 Wiomln,‘, Powder River Basln - Geology and geography of t e not on s largest coal field Glass, G. B. Min. Eng. (Littleton, Colo.), 1994, 46, (8), 955-959. The paper describes the geology and geography of the Powder River coal field. To its discussed include: coal-bearing rocks and important coal beds, co s characteristics, and coal resources and production.

95lQ2301 The adsorption behavior of nonionlc reagents on two low rank Brltlsh coals Aktas, 2. and Woodbum, E. T. Miner. Eng., 1994, 7, (9), 1115-1126. The adsorption of the nonionic reagents on the fine coal fractions is studied as it relates to froth flotation.

95lQ2302 Beneflclatlon of ultrafine coal slurries Rubinshtein, Y. B. and Nil&in, I. N. Russian)

Koks Khim., 1994, (8), 4-8. (In

Discusses the selective coagulation, flocculation, and flocculation-flotation processes for ultrafine coal beneficiation.

95102303 Change In the chemical composltlon of humlc acids durlng thermolysis of peat Tarnovskaya, L. I. and Maslov, S. G. Mrim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (4), 33-39. (In Russian)

95lQ2304 Chemically enhanced flltratlon and dewaterlng of narrow-sized coal particles Sugn. D. J. and Turian, R. M. SeD. Technol., 1994, 4. (3). 130-143. An-experimental study’of the filtration and dewate& of’fine coal with and without additives was carried out in a vacuum filtration cell. with variables including the driving force, solids concentration, filter area,‘parti- cle size, and slurry pH. The effects of several flocculants, surfactants, and hydrophobizing additives on final moisture content of the filter cakes were determined. Investigations included determination of the rates of filteration and dewatering, assessment of the effects of additive type, and establish- ment of optimum dosage of additives

95lO2305 Coal chemical changes and Its processing charac- terlstlcs in solvent reflnlng processes Wang, Y. et al., Mei Huagong, 1994, (1

I? l-5. (In Chinese)

The paper discusses coal solvent refimng lquefaction.

95102306 Coal properties dictate coal flotatlon strategles Aplan, F. F. Trans. Sot. Min. Metall. Explor., 1994, 294, 83-96. Discusses coal flotation, especially on the effect of coal properties on the process.

95lO2307 Coke-oven byproduct modifications at Natlonal _. Steel’s Great Lakes Div.

Kalinowskv. R. P. and Platts. M. iron Steel Ena.. 1994. 71. (10). 13-17. The authors describe the renovation of a bypro&cts plant, and coal and coke handling systems in the coke-oven battery facility at National Steel’s Great Lakes Division.

95/02306 Dewaterlng of fine coal uslng supsrabsorbents Dzinomwa, G. P. Publ. Australas. Inst. Min. Metall, 1994 AUSIMM Studen Co& 1994, 133-141. The author describes the development of a novel method of reducing mois- ture content of fine coal cakes from conventional filters to a level compara- ble to that achieved by thermal drying.

95tO2309 Effect of atomic (OC) ratio and hellum denslty on mlcrowave desulfurlzatlon efficlencles and correlations for thelr predlctlons Singh, K. P. and Kakati, M. C. Rex Ind., 1994, 39, (3), 198-201. Discusses the correlation of sulphate, pyritic, organic and total sulphur removal in coal microwave desulphurization vs atmospheric O/C ratio and helium density of coal.

9510237 0 The effect of coal cleaning on trace element concentrations Rosendale, L. W. et al., Proc. Annual Meeting Air Waste Management Assoc., 93MPS.01, 16 pp. Run-of-mine coals and-conventionally cleaned coals were analyzed for trace elements (Sb. As. Be. Cd, Cr. Co, Pb, Mn, Hn, Ni, and Se); most of the analyses w&e conductecl by inducti~ely~cou$e&~las~a ma& spectros- copy, except for Hg and Se, which were analyzed by the double gold amalgam method and hydropyrolysis, respectively.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 7995 773