df=lh=gof=>l 1fg]gb|axfb'/ sfsl{ · 1599 *()( – d'=;=ug]{ dx]zs'df/ uf]/vfnl...

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lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *()(*()(*()(*()(*()(

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdLdfggLo GofofwLz k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L sdngf/fo0f bf;k'=lg=g+=)^^–NF–)))!, )))@

km};nf ldltM @)^(.^.@%.%

d'2f M btf{ ab/ xs sfod ;d]t .

lgj]bs÷jfbLM k;f{ lhNnf jL/u~h g=kf=j8fg+= !! a:g] ;'Gb/axfb'/ uf]/vfnLsf]d'=;=ug]{ dx]zs'df/ uf]/vfnL

lj?4k|ToyL{÷k|ltjfbL sf=lh=sf=d=kf=j8f g++=#@

k'tnL;8s a:g] s[i0fnfn uf]/vfnL

lgj]bs÷k|ltjfbLM sf=lh=sf=d=kf=j8f g++=#@a:g] s[i0fnfn uf]/vfnL

lj?4k|ToyL{÷jfbLM k;f{ lhNnf jL/u~h g=kf=j8f

g++= !! a:g] ;'Gb/axfb'/sf] d'=;=ug]{dx]zs'df/ uf]/vfnL

o; cl3 lg0f{o ug]{M;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;M–

df=Gof=>L zf/bf >]i7 df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/Lk'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gM–

df=Gof=>L xl/h+u l;hfktLdf=Gof=>L dx]Zj/nfn ld>

sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntMdf=lh=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{

§ s'g} c+lzof/sf] c+z efudf k/]sf] gb]lvO{afa'sf gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf] hUuf afa'sf]z]ifkl5 ;a} 5f]/fn] a/fa/ afF8L vfgkfpg] x'Fbf s'g} Ps c+lzof/n] cGoc+lzof/sf] cl:tTj nf]k u/L gfd;f/Lbtf{ u/fpFb}df c+z h:tf] g};lu{s xs;dfKt x'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ lktf hLljt x'Fb} alxgLsf] ljjfx ePsf]

x'Fbf ljjfxdf cfk"mn] dfq vr{ u/]sf]eP cfˆgf] lhDdfsf] hUuf afa' hLljtx'Fb} bf=vf=gfd;f/L u/fpg ;Sg'kg]{df;f] u/fpg g;s]af6 alxgLsf] ljjfxvr{ cfk"m PSn}n] Aoxf]/]sf] eGg] lhsL/ljZj;gLo gb]lvPsf]n] ljjflbt hUufdfPsnf}6L xs sfod x'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_§ bfjL lng]n] h:tf];'s} ¿kaf6 bfjL lnP

klg c+z efu nfUg] k|s[ltsf] ca08fuf]Zj/f k|s[ltsf] ;DklQsf] xsdfcbfntn] ;b}j c+z xssf] g};lu{stfsfod x'g] b[li6sf]0f canDag ug'{kg]{x'G5 . o:tf]df s'g P]gcGtu{tsf] bfjLlnOPsf] 5 eGg] s'/f uf}0f x'g] / xbDofbsf]k|Zgn] ;d]t c;/ kfg{ g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=(_§ ;uf]nsf] ca08f ;DklQ s'g} c+lzof/sf

gfddf /x]sf] sf/0fn] t];|f] AolQmsf] ljjfbk/L d'2f kg'{ :jfefljs xf] . ;DklQbtf{ gePsf] AolQmnfO{ ;fdfGotM ljkIfLagfO{ /xg cfjZos x'Fb}g . t/ Tolts}

g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, kmfu'g^(, kmfu'g^(, kmfu'g^(, kmfu'g^(, kmfu'g

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sf/0fn] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQdf Ps c+lzof/sf]dfq xs x'g] cy{ ug{ gldNg] .

§ d'2f u/]sf] sf/0faf6 dfq Ps c+lzof/n]csf]{ c+lzof/af6 kfpg] c+zsf] g};lu{sxs hfg ;Sb}g . lsgsL ca08f;DklQsf] rl/q / k|s[lt cljl5Gg /;uf]nLo g} x'g] x'Fbf h'g;'s} c+lzof/sf];fydf /x]sf] ePklg Tof] rl/q / k|s[ltgi6 x'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!)_

lgj]bs jfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfxl/x/ bfxfn tyf ljåfg clwjQmfx¿lg/~hg cfrfo{, tLy{/fh a;f}nf /kljqaxfb'/ v8\sf

lgj]bs k|ltjfbLsf tkm{af6M ljåfgclwjQmfx¿ kGgfdfg t'nfw/ /afns[i0f g]pkfg]

cjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)%$, lg=g+=^#)(, k[i7 %@

;Da4 sfg"gM§ c+za08fsf] @& g+=

km};nfk|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdLM Gofo k|zf;g P]g,

@)$* sf] bkmf !!-!_-v_ adf]lhd o; cbfnt;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ePsf] ldlt @)^%.!.!) sf]km};nf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L x]l/kfpFm egL jfbL /k|ltjfbL b'j} kIfsf] 5'§f5'§} lgj]bg k/L lg:;fk|bfg eO{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKttYo Pj+ cfb]z b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 M—

lktf dfwjnfnsf b'O{ >LdtLx¿dfh]7Ltkm{af6 8jnz+s/, ab|Lz+s/, eLdnfn,/fdnfn ;d]t $ 5f]/fx¿ / sfG5Ltkm{ h]7f d

lkm/fbL ;'Gb/axfb'/, dflxnf /fdhL tyf sfG5fljkIfL s[i0fnfn ;d]t # u/L & efO 5f]/fx¿sf]hfohGd ePsf] lyof], ;uf]ndf a:g lgjf{xgx'g] x'Fbf @)!^ ;fn efb| @( ut] a08fkq u/Lk}t[s ;DklQsf] a08f lnPsf lyof}+ . kfl/tx'g;Dd ;s]sf] lyPg tfklg a08fadf]lhdsf]hUuf cf–cfkm\gf gfpFdf btf{ ;d]t ePsf] lyof] .d]/f] a08fsf] hUuf d Jofkf/sf] l;nl;nfdfljb]z hfg'kg]{ x'Fbf j'jfsf] hLjge/ j'jfsf] /@)$@ ;fndf j'jfsf] z]ifkl5 ljkIfLnfO{ /]vb]vug{ nufPsf] lyPF . a08fkq adf]lhd alxgLsf]ljjfx vr{afkt k/ ;f/]sf] j8f g+= #@ k'tnL;8ssf] xfnsf] ls=g+= #%) sf] hUuf d lkm/fbLn]lhDdf lnPsf] lyPF . alxgLsf] ljjfx d}n] g}cfkm\gf] cfh{gaf6 vr{ u/L pQm hUuf ljqmLu/]sf] lyOg . ljkIfLnfO{ /]vb]v dfq ug{nufPsf]df hfn;fhaf6 cfkm\gf] gfpFdf btf{u/]sf /x]5g\ . ldlt @)$*.$.@^ df btf{ ;|]:tfsf]gSsn lnO{ x]bf{ yfxf ePsf]n] Dofb}leq lkm/fbug{ cfPsf] 5' . hfn;fhtkm{ 5'§} lkm/fb u/]sf]x'Fbf btf{ ab/tkm{ k|:t't lkm/fb u/]sf] 5' . ctMljkIfLsf] btf{ ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t;'Gb/axfb'/ uf]/vfnLsf] lkm/fb kq .

k|:t't d'2fdf @)!^.%.@( sf] a08fkqsf]cfwf/df lkm/fb kg{ cfPsf] 5 . pQm a08fkqkfl/t ePsf] 5}g eGg] s'/f ljkIfLn] pNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 . /lhi6«]zgsf] dxnn] a08fkq /lhi6«]zgkfl/t ug'{kg]{ / kfl/t gul/lbP kfl/t ul/kfpFmegL !! g+=cg';f/ gfln; ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . kfl/tgePsf] lnvtaf6 s'g} crn ;DklQ kqmL bfjLu/]sf] gfln; nfUg ;Sb}g eGg] ;f]xL dxnsf] ^g+= df pNn]v 5 . ljkIfLn] alxgLsf] ljjfxvr{afkt ls=g+=#%) sf] hUuf k/ ;f/]sf] eGg'ePsf] 5 . alxgLsf] hUufdf jfbLn] gfln; ug]{

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*()( –*()( –*()( –*()( –*()( – d'=;=ug]{ dx]zs'df/ uf]/vfnL lj=s[i0fnfn uf]/vfnL

xsb}of c= j+= *@ g+= n] lbFb}g . pQm 3/;f/sf]a08fkqdf lrQ ga'em]sf] sf/0f kfl/t x'g g;s]sf]xf] . alxgLsf] ljjfx lktfhL hLljt} x'Fbf @)!&;fn dfu{ dlxgfdf lktfhLn] g} u/L lbg' ePsf]xf], jfbLn] vr{ u/]sf] xf]Og . cfk"mn] vr{ u/]sf]eP of] ldltdf olt vr{ nfu]sf] xf] egL pNn]vug{ ;Sg' kg]{ lyof] . jf:tljstf s] xf] eg]@)@! ;fndf e"ld ;DaGwL P]g / lgodadf]lhdhUufsf] xbjGbL ljj/0f lbg'kg]{ ePaf6 lktfhLn];a} 5f]/fx¿sf gfpFdf & g+= kmf/fd e/fO{ lrQa'emfO{ lbg' ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL & g+=kmf/fdcg';f/sf] hUuf ef]u btf{ u/L cfPsfxf}+ . pQm & g+= kmf/fd adf]lhd d]/f efudfk/]sf] k'tnL ;8ssf] ;fljs /=g+= &)) dWo]/f]kgL @–!–) hUuf lktf dfwjnfnsf gfpFaf6d]/f gfddf gfd;f/L ul/kfpFm egL ldlt@)@&.!.@( df lgj]bg lbO{ e"ld k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 & lbg] Dofb hf/L eO{ Dofbleqs;}sf] ph"/ gk/]af6 @)@&.@.!@ df d]/f gfpFdfgfd;f/L ePsf] xf] . ;f] hUufdf ldlt @)@*.!.@^/ @)#@.@.!$ df d]/f gfddf gS;f kf; u/fO{3/ kvf{n ag]sf] 5 . @)#@ ;fnsf] ;j]{gfkLcg';f/ ldlt @)#*.(.!$ df d]/f gfpFdfhUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ ePsf] 5 . jfbL d / k|ltjfbLk"0f{dfg ePsf] xs sfod d'2f k/L ldlt@)$&.$.@* df d]/} xs sfod e} sf=lh=c=af6km};nf ;d]t ePsf] 5 . k|lt/f]kgL ^$ nfvkg]{ hUufsf] df]n ljuf] 36fO{ lkm/fb ug'{ ePsf]5 . pQm hUuf kf]v/Lwfk ePaf6 s'g} efO{n]lng d~h"/ gu/L lktfhLn] d]/f gfpFdf &g+=kmf/fd e/fO{ lbg' ePsf] xf] . xfn d"Noj[l4ePkl5 nf]e nflu ljkIfLn] bfjL u/]sf] x'FbfxbDofb aflx/sf] lkm/fb bfjL vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t s[i0fnfn uf]/vfnLsf] k|ltpQ/ kq .

jfbLn ] ljjf lbt hUufsf ] d " No?=%),))).– / k|ltjfbLn] ?=^$,)),))).– kg]{eGg] pNn]v u/]sf]df dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] hjfkm/ ;h{dLgsf] Joxf]/faf6 ?=$,%),))).–k|lt /f]kgLd"No sfod u/L gk'u sf]6{kmL jfbLaf6 lng]eGg] sf7df8f } F lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt@)%).*.!& sf] cfb]z .

o;df @)!^ ;fndf ePsf] eg]sf]3/;f/sf] a08fkq kfl/t gePsf] s'/f jfbLn]:jLsf/} u/]sf] kfOof] . a08fkqkl5 klg ljjflbthUuf lktf dfwjnfns} gfddf btf{ sfod /x]sf]b]lvFbf a08fkq lqmofzLn ePsf] b]lvPg . lktfdfwjnfnn] & g+= kmf/fd k|:t't ubf{ ljjflbthUuf k|= s[i0fnfnsf] eGg] pNn]v u/]sf]af6k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ ;dly{t e}/x]sf] b]lvG5 . bfjLsf]hUuf lktf dfwjnfnsf] d[To' kl5 ldlt@)@&.@.!@ df k|ltjfbL s[i0fnfnsf gfpFdfgfd;f/L ePsf] / ;f] lj?4 jfbLsf] :ki6 bfjLgx'g'sf cltl/Qm k|ltjfbLsf gfpFdf ls=g+= #%)df gfkL btf{ e} k6s–k6s gS;f kf; e} 3/,kvf{n nufO{ dfnkf]t lt/f] ef]u u/L cfPsf]s'/fdf tTsfnLg hUuf khgLsf] !& g+= / h=ld=sf]!* g+= sf] Dofbleqsf] ph"/L b]lvPg . ;f]xLhUufdf s[i0fnfn lj?4 k"0f{nfn gflkt ePsf]hUuf xs sfod d'2faf6 ;d]t k|ltjfbLsf] xssfod x'g] 7x/L km};nf ePsf]n] ;f] ab/geP;Dd jfbLn] k]z u/]sf] 3/;f/sf] a08fkqsf]cfwf/df dfq jfbLsf] xssf] dfGg ;lsg] gx'FbfjfbL bfjL gk'Ug] 7x5{ eGg] ;d]t sf7df8f}+lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf .

pQm km};nfdf k|df0fsf] d"NofÍg g} ePsf]5}g . k|:t't d'2fsf] d'Vo k|df0f alxgL dxfnIdLg} ePsf] x'Fbf lghnfO{ a'em\g] sfd;Dd klgePg . plNnlvt @)!^ ;fnsf] a08fkq d'n'sL


16001600160016001600

P]g c+z a08fsf] #) g+= n] kfl/t gePs} cj:yfdfklg dfGo x'g] k|i6 5 . d k'g/fj]bsn] / ljkIfLn];d]t ;f]xL a08fkq adf]lhds} hUuf btf{ u/LcfPsf 5g\ 5}gg\ eGg] tkm{ k|df0f a'em\g] sfo{ePg . ctM k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf # cg';f/;Da4 k|df0f gj'emL ul/Psf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{5 . ljjflbt hUuf lktf dfwjnfnsf gfpFdf/xg'sf] sf/0f alxgLsf] ljjfx vr{afkt k/;fl/Psf] x'Fbf /xg uPsf] xf] . ;f]xL cfwf/dfa08fkq lqmofzLn gePsf] eGbf c+z a08fsf]#) g+= k|lts"n x'G5 . & g+= kmf/fd ljkIfLsf]gfpFdf /xFb}df hUufdf ljkIfLsf] xs sfodePsf] dfGg ldNb}g . ljkIfLn] gfkL btf{ u/Lk|df0fk"hf{ kfPsf] s'/f ldlt @)$*.$.@^ dfgSsn ;f/L yfxf ePaf6 ;f] ldltn] h=ld=sf]!* / h=k=sf] !& g+= sf Dofbleq ph"/L u/]sf]x'Fbf @ jif{leq ph"/ gu/]sf] eGg ldNb}g . 3/agfpg]sf] !! g+= sf Dofbleq ph"/ gu/]klg ;f]3/ 6x/f /x];Dd ljkIfLsf] ef]uflwsf/ /xg] xf] .jfbL bfjL g} gk'Ug] 7x/fpg' q'l6k"0f{ 5 .k"0f{dfg;Fusf] xs sfod d'2fdf k'g/fj]bssf];+nUgtf g/x]sf] s'/f km};nfdf g} k|i6 5 . dk'g/fj]bssf] xs plNnlvt km};nfaf6 ;dfKtx'g] xf]Og . ctM pQm q'l6k"0f{ km};nf ab/ u/LjfbL bfjLadf]lhd OG;fkm kfpFm eGg] ;d]t jfbLsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gdf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

o;df ldlt @)!^.%.@( sf] 3/;f/sf]a08fkqsf] cfwf/df jfbLn] bfjL lnPsf] b]lvPsf],;uf]ndf g} /x]sf] eGg] k|ltjfbLsf] egfO{ gb]lvPsf],ljjfbsf] hUuf k'Vof}{nL ;DklQ ePsf] s'/fdfljjfb gb]lvPsf] / k|ltjfbLn] cfk"mn] dfq} vfgkfpg] u/L ePsf] s'g} lnvt jf ;|f]t b]vfpgg;s]sf] x'gfn] jfbLsf] ;d'Rrf xs gk'Ug]7x¥ofPsf]] OG;fkm km/s kg{ ;Sg] b]lvPsf]n]

ljkIfL lemsfpg] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt kf6gsf] cfb]z .

o;df ljjfbdf pNn]v ePsf] hUufsf];DaGwdf lgj]bssf] k'g/fj]bg k/L emul8oflemsfpg] cfb]z eO{ ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] b]lvPsf]n]To:tf] ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] btf{ ab/ xs sfdod'2fsf] clGtd 6'+uf] nfu]kl5 7x/]adf]lhd x'g]u/L lgj]bssf] dfu adf]lhd /f]Ssf /flvlbg'egL ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{nonfO{ n]vL k7fO{lbg' eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]cfb]z .

o;df ljjflbt hUuf log} k|ltjfbLsflktf dfwjnfnn] & g+= kmf/fddf k|ltjfbLs[i0fnfnsf] xf] egL pNn]v u/L lbPsf], lktfdfwjnfnsf] d[To'kl5 s[i0fnfnn] cfkm\gf gfpFdfgfd;f/L u/fPsf], gfkLsf avt ls=g+= #%) sf]hUuf k|ltjfbLsf] gfddf btf{ ;|]:tf v8f ePsf],k|ltjfbLn] gS;f kf; u/L 3/ 6x/f lgdf{0fu/]sf], k|ltjfbL s[i0fnfn ;d]t lj?4 k"0f{dfggflkt;Fusf] hUuf xs sfod d'2f rnL pQmhUuf / kvf{ndf s[i0fnfnsf] xs sfod x'g]u/L o; cbfntaf6 km};nf e} clGtd ePsf]b]lvof] . pQm s'g} s'/f ab/ u/fpg]tkm{ sf/jfxLu/L jfbLn] ab/ u/] u/fPsf] k|df0f ;d]t k]zug{ ;s]sf] gb]lvFbf z'? km};nf dgfl;j} b]lvFbfk'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g eGg] ;d]t k'g/fj]bgcbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)%#.*.& sf] km};nf .

pQm km};nf q'l6k"0f{ 5 . ljjflbt hUufalxgL dxfnIdLsf] ljjfx vr{afkt /flvPsf]xf] . ;f] s'/f a08fkqd} pNn]v 5 . To:tf]a08fkqnfO{ c+za08fsf] #) g+= n] dfGotf k|bfgu/]sf] 5 . hxfF;Dd & g+= kmf/fdsf] k|Zg 5, &g+= kmf/fd eg]sf] hUufsf] xbjGbLsf] k|of]hgsf]nflu lbOg] nut xf] . & g+= kmf/fd ljkIfsf]

16011601160116011601


gfddf e/]s} sf/0faf6 xssf] l;h{gf ePsf]dfGg ;lsGg . ;f] a08fkqdf ljjflbt hUufalxgLsf] ljjfx vr{afkt k/ ;f/]sf] s'/f ljkIfLn]:jLsf/]s} x'Fbf ljjGwgsf] l;4fGt nfu" x'g] s'/fdfljjfb 5}g . g]sfk @)$&, cÍ @, lg=g+=$)*#,k[i7 !*% df & g+= kmf/fd e"ld;DaGwL P]gsf]k|of]hgsf] nflu el/g] xf], To;af6 c+z ePsf]dfGg gldNg] eGg] JofVof ePsf] 5 . ljjflbthUuf alxgLsf] ljjfx vr{afkt /x]sf] / ;f]ljjfx vr{ d}n] u/L d]/f] xs ePsf] hUufljkIfLn] ls=g+= #%) df gfkL btf{ u/fPsf]s'/fdf h=ld=sf] !* / h=k=sf] !& g+=sf] Dofbleqlkm/fb bfo/ ePsf]df gfkLsf] avt v8f ePsf]btf{ ;|]:tfpk/ bfjL gu/]sf] eGg' sfg"gsf]JofVofTds q'l6 /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} pQm km};nfg]sfk @)$( cÍ $ k[i7 #&! df k|sflztghL/sf] k|lts"n 5 . ljkIfLn] ljjflbt hUufdf3/ 6x/f agfPsf] jf cGo JolQm;Fu rn]sf]d'2faf6 ljkIfLsf] xs sfod x'g cfPsf] eGg]sf/0f / cfwf/n] @)!^ ;fndf ePsf] a08fkqsf]lnvtnfO{ cdfGo u/]sf] eGg ldNb}g . pQma08fkqnfO{ ljrf/} gu/L ePsf] km};nf k|df0fP]g, @)#! sf] bkmf %$ / 3/ agfpg]sf] !! g+=sf] sfg"gL JofVofdf uDeL/ q'l6 e} Gofo k|zf;gP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@-!_ -s_ / -v_ sf]cj:yf k|i6 ljBdfg ePsf] x'Fbf d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{x]/L d]/f] lkm/fb bfjLadf]lhd ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] jfbL ;'Gb/axfb'/ uf]/vfnLsf] o;cbfnt ;dIfsf] lgj]bg kq .

o;df jfbL / k|ltjfbLx¿ aLr@)!^.%.@( df ePsf] a08fkqdf ljjfbsf] hUufalxgL dxfnIdLsf] ljjfx vr{afkt /fv]sf] eGg]b]lvG5 . lghsf] ljjfx e};s]kl5 ;f] ;DklQk|ltjfbL s[i0fnfnnfO{ dfq k|fKt ePsf] eGg]

k|df0f k|:t't x'g cfPsf] kfOFb}g . ;f] a08fkqsf];DaGwdf z'? lhNnf cbfnt / k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] km};nfdf ljj]rgf u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . &g+= kmf/fdsf] cfwf/df xs k|fKt gx'g] egL g]sfk@)$&, k[i7 !*%, gfd;f/Laf6 gofF xs k|fKtgx'g] egL g]sfk @)%$, k[i7 %@, c+zsf] hUufcsf]{ c+lzof/sf] gfddf gfd;f/L ePsf] cfwf/dfxs gk'Ug] eGg gldNg] g]sfk @)#) / g]sfk@)%!, k[i7 #%@ ;d]tdf l;4fGt k|ltkfbgePsf] / gfkLsf] ;dodf btf{ u/fPsf] cfwf/dfhUuf ldRg]sf] !* g+=/ hUuf khgLsf] !& g+=adf]lhd gfln; ug{ jGb]h gnufPsf] ;DaGwdfg]sfk @)$(, k[i7 #&! df klg l;4fGtk|ltkfbg e}/x]sf] l:yltdf jfbL bfjL gk'Ug]7x¥ofPsf]] z'? lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf ;b/u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] km};nf c=j+=!*$s= / pk/f]Qm k|ltkflbt l;4fGtsf] k|lts"nb]lvPsf]n] Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf!@ sf] pkbkmf ! sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ sf]cfwf/df d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] lg:;f k|bfg ul/Psf]5 eGg] ;d]t o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)%*.$.@@sf] cfb]z .

;DdfgLt cbfntdf rln/x]sf] btf{ ab/xs sfod d'2f ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL,@)$( sf] lgod %@ Pj+ d'n'sL P]g ;+zf]lwtc=j+= !&!s= g+= adf]lhd ljkIfL k|ToyL{sf] gfddfk|:t't d'2fsf] clGtd lsgf/f gx'Gh]n;Ddljjflbt hUufdf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{gug'{ eGg] /f]Ssfsf] cGt/sfnLg cfb]z hf/Lul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t jfbLsf] lgj]bg .

o;df ljjfbsf] hUufdf kl5 d'2f lsgf/fx'Fbf 7x/]adf]lhd x'g] x'Fbf xfn ;f] hUufdf s'g}k|sf/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ gug'{ gu/fpg' oyfl:yltdf/xg lbg' egL c=j+=!&!s=g+= adf ] lhd


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cGt/sflng cfb]z hf/L ul/lbPsf] 5 eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfntsf] cfb]z .

o;df ljjflbt ls=g+= #%) sf] hUufjfbL÷k|ltjfbLsf jfj' dfwjnfn uf]vf{nLsf]gfdaf6 cfPsf]n] lghsf] sfG5L >LdtL tkm{sf5f]/fx¿ jfbL ;'Gb/axfb'/, /fdhL / k|ltjfbLs[i0fnfn uf]vf{nL ;d]t tLg xsbf/ /x]sf] b]lvFbfljjflbt ls=g+= #%) df pQm tLg} bfh'efOsf]j/fj/ c+z efu /x]sf] b]lvg cfpF5 . t;y{k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf s]xL pN6L eO{ bfjLul/Psf] / k|ltjfbLsf] gfddf dfnkf]t sfof{nosf]ldlt @)@&.@.!@ sf] lg0f{on] btf{ ePsf] bfjLsf]ls=g+= #%) sf] hUufdWo] # efusf] ! efudfjfbL ;'Gb/axfb'/ uf]vf{nLsf] xs sfod x'g] /;f]xL # efusf] ! efu hUufdf k|ltjfbLs[i0fnfnsf gfdsf] btf{ ab/ eO{ jfbLsf] gfddfbtf{ x'g] ;d]t 7x5{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o;cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ldlt @)^%.!.!)df ePsf] km};nf .

ldlt @)!^.%.@( sf ] 3/;f/sf ]c+za08fdf xfnsf] ls=g+= #%) sf] k'tnL;8ssf]hUuf alxgL dxfnIdLsf] laafx vr{afkt k/;f/L d lkm/fbLn] a'emL lnPsf]df ljjfb 5}g . dlkm/fbLn] alxgLsf] laafx cfˆg} vr{n] u/L pQmhUuf arfO{ /fv]sf] lyPF . t/ dnfO{ yfxf hfgsf/LglbO{ @)@# ;fndf lktfsf] d[To' ePkl5 lghsf]xs vfg] c? sf]xL gePsf] egL ljkIfLn] cfˆgf]xs ePsf] egL hfn;fhLk"0f{ lgj]bg lbO{afg]Zj/sf tLg hgf /fvL ;h{dLg d'r'Nsf u/fO{dxfb]j ufpF k~rfotdf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf 6fF;u/L btf{ u/fO{ To;pk/ d'2f rNbfrNb} ;f]hUuf ls=sf=u/L ls=g+=@%*( sf] hUuf laqmLu/]sf] sfo{ hfn;fhLk"0f{ ePsf] s'/f k|i6 5 .c+za08fsf] #) g+= n] d'n'sL P]g ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wgeGbf

klxn] 3/;f/df ePsf] a08fkqnfO{ dfGotf lbPsf]5 . pQm a08fkqcg';f/ ls=g+=#%) sf] hUufd]/f] lhDdfsf] ePsf]n] d]/f] dfq Psnf}6L x'g'kg]{df;dfg ¿kdf # c+z nufOPsf ] km };nfc+za08fsf] #) g+= k|lts"n 5 . c+zdf lrQga'em] ;f]xL #@ g+= cg';f/ ph"/ ug'{kg]{df ;f]gul/Psf]n] g]sfk @)$@, k[= %%( df k|ltkflbtl;4fGtk|lts"n km};nf ePsf] 5 . ;fy} k|df0fP]g, @)#! sf] bkmf #$-!_ n] ljkIfL ljjlGwt;d]t x'g'x'G5 .

c+za08fsf] lnvtadf]lhd d]/f] Psnf}6Lxssf] hUuf ljkIfLn] gePsf] s'/f chdfO{ lktfdfwjnfnsf] Psdfq xsbf/ cfk"m /x]sf] egLbtf{ u/fPsf] sfo{ sLt]{ sfuhsf] # g+= sf]hfn;fhLsf] kl/efiffleq ;d]t kb{5 . c?sf]xs nfUg] hUufnfO{ cfˆgf] egL n]lvlbg] / ;a}c+lzof/sf] xs nfUg]df cfˆgf]dfq xs nfUg]egL n]lvlbPdf hfn;fhL 7xg]{ egL g]sfk@)#), lg=g+= &@) ;d]tsf d'2fdf k|ltkflbtl;4fGtljk/Lt km};nf ePsf]n] Gofo k|zf;gP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !!-!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdk'g/fjnf]sg u/L plNnlvt ls=g+= #%) sf] 3/hUufsf] ljkIfLsf] gfdsf] btf{ gfd;f/L ab/u/L jfbL bfjLadf]lhd d]/f] Psnf}6L x'g] 7x/ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Aoxf]/fsf] lgj]bs jfbLsf]o; cbfnt;dIfsf] lgj]bg kq .

k|:t't d'2fdf afa' dfwjnfn hLljt5Fb} alxgL dxfnIdLsf] laafx ePsf] tYodfljjfb b]lv+b}g . ldlt @)@&.!.@( df s[i0fnfnn]hUuf btf{ ug{ e"ld k|zf;g sfof{no sf7df8f}+dfb=g+=&%!# sf] lgj]bg btf{ u/L hUuf btf{;DaGwdf ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf]df ;f] ;"rgfpk/s;}sf] lgj]bg gk/]af6 @)@&.@.!@ df ljjflbthUuf s[i0fnfnsf gfddf btf{ x'g'sf] ;fy} cfˆgf

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gfddf gfkgS;f u/L 3/ agfO{ @)#@ ;fndf;e]{ gfkL x'Fbf;d]t s[i0fnfns} gfddf gfkL eO{lghn] g} ef]u a;f]af; u/L a;]sf] / laafx vr{egL 5'§ofOPsf] eg]sf] ;DklQ ca08f /x]sf]eGg] gb]lvPsf] ca:yfdf o; cbfntsf] ;+o'QmOhnf;af6 ldlt @)^%.!.!) df ePsf] km};nfg]sfk @)^$, lg=g+= &*&# df k|ltkflbtl;4fGtk|lts"n ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] Gofo k|zf;gP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !!-!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdk|:t't d'2f k'g/fjnf]sg u/L x]g]{ cg'dlt k|bfgul/Psf] 5 eGg] ;d]t Aoxf]/fsf] o; cbfntk"0f{ Ohnf;af6 ePsf] cfb]z .

ljkIfL jfbLn] h=ld=sf] !* / h=k=sf]!& g+= sf] sfg"gL cfwf/ b]vfO{ laaflbt hUufsf]d]/f] gfpFsf] btf{ ab/ u/L xs sfod ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t bfjL lnPsf] ca:yf 5 . t/ laaflbthUuf ca08fsf] ePsf]n] ab/ ul/kfpFm egLc+za08fsf] #% g+=sf ;DaGwdf lkm/fbnufotslxF+st} PszAb klg pNn]v gu/]sf]df ;+o'QmOhnf;af6 bfjLeGbf aflx/ uO{ ca08f 7x/u/L dfwjnfnsf sfG5L >LdtL tkm{sf #5f]/fx¿sf] c+z xs nfUg] eGg] km};nf ePsf]5 . cbfnt jfbL bfjLdf ;Lldt /xg' kg]{ /bfjL gePsf] s'/fdf OG;fkm ug{ gldNg] egLg]sfk @)$% lg=g+=#$!% ;d]tsf d'2fdfk|ltkflbt l;4fGtljk/Lt km};nf ePsf] :ki65 . To:t} dfwanfnsf sfG5L >LdtLtkm{sfPs 5f]/f jfbLsf] dfq lkm/fb k/]sf]df lkm/fbgug]{ dflxnf /fdhL uf]vf{nL ;d]tsf] ca08fhUuf egL bfjLeGbf a9L s'/fdf OG;fkm ePsf]5 . laaflbt hUuf alxgLsf] ljjfx vr{sf] nflu5'§\ofPsf] ePklg lktf dfwjnfnn] 5f]/Lsf] ljjfxcfkm}+n] u/L lbO{ & g+= kmfF6jf/L e/L ljjfbsf]hUuf d k|ltjfbLsf] c+z efusf] egL hgfO{ lbg'

ePcg';f/ d}n] btf{ u/fPsf] cGoyf 5}g . k|:t'td'2f c+z d'2f gePsf]n] ca08f eGg] k|Zg g}c;fGble{s 5 . ctM plNnlvt l;4fGtsf] ljk/LtePsf] km};nfdf Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf !!-!_-v_ sf] ca:yf ljBdfg ePsf]n];+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] ldlt @)^%.!.!) sf] km};nfk'g/fjnf]sg u/L ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg];d]tAoxf]/fsf] lgj]bs k|ltjfbL s[i0fnfn uf]vf{nLsf]lgj]bgkq .

o;df log} kIf ljkIfL ePsf] lg0f{oab/ xs sfod d'2fdf cfh o;} Ohnf;af6k'g/fjnf]sg u/L x]g]{ cg'dlt k|bfg ul/Psf], ;f]d'2f / k|:t't d'2f cGt/k|efjL ePsf]n] o;d'2fdf klg plNnlvt cfwf/df Gofo k|zf;gP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !!-!_-v_ adf]lhdk'g/fjnf]sg u/L x]g]{ cg'dlt k|bfg ul/Psf] 5eGg] ;d]t Aoxf]/fsf] o; cbfntaf6 ePsf]cfb]z .

lgodadf]lhd k]z ePsf] k|:t't d'2fdflgj]bs jfbL kIfsf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfgal/i7 clwjQmf >L xl/x/ bfxfn tyf ljåfgclwjQmfx¿ >L lg/~hg cfrfo{, >L tLy{/fha;f}nf / >L kljqaxfb'/ v8\sfn] ljjflbthUuf @)!^ ;fnsf] a08fkqaf6 alxgLsf] ljjfxvr{afkt 5'§ofO{ jfbLsf] lhDdfdf /flvPsf]eGg]df ljjfb 5}g . ljjfx vr{ jfbLn] u/]sfsf/0f lghn] Psnf}6L vfg kfpg] xf] eGg] bfjLcGoyf 5}g . o:tf] hUufnfO{ k|ltjfbLn] lktfdfwanfnsf] Psdfq xsbf/ b]vfO{ gfd;f/Lu/fPsf] x'Fbf gfd;f/L btf{ ab/df k|:t't lkm/fbk/]sf] xf] . & g+= kmfF6jf/Ln] ;DklQsf] xs :jfldTjk|fKt ug{ jf c+za08fsf] :yfg lng ;Sb}g .To;df klg ;f] cfwf/ pNn]v u/L k|ltjbLn]ljjflbt hUuf btf{ gu/fPsf]n] ;f] lhsL/ xfn


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lng ldNb}g . afa'sf] xs vfg] Psdfq xsbf/b]vfO{ gfd;f/L u/fOPsf] 5 . afa'sf] xsbf/k|ltjfbL dfq geO{ jfbL ;d]t x'g\ eGg] k|i6 5 .k'tnL;8ssf] hUuf afg]Zj/df ;h{dLg u/Ldxfb]j:yfg uf=k+=df ;"rgf 6fF;L b"lift ¿kdfgfd;f/L btf{ u/fPsf]n] xbDofbsf] k|Zg ;fGble{sx'g ;Sb}g . c+lzof/aLrdf xbDofb nfUg] s'/fklg xf]Og . d'2f kbf{kb}{ u/fPsf] gS;fkf; l/6af6ab/ e};s]sf]n] 3/ agfPsf] sfo{n] dfGotf kfpg;Sb}g . d'Vo ljifo k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lg:;fsf]cfwf/ g} ldn]sf] 5}g . jfbLsf] lgj]bgdf k|ltjfbLsf]lhsL/cg';f/ lg:;f k|bfg ePsf]n] untlg:;fsf] cf8df d'2fsf] sf/jfxL cl3 a9\gg;Sg] x'Fbf ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] km};nf cGoyf x'g;Sb}g eGg] ;d]t ax; k|:t't ug'{eof] .

lgj]bs k|ltjfbLsf tkm{af6 /xg' ePsfljåfg clwjQmfx¿ >L kGgfdfg t'nfw/ / >Lafns[i0f g]pkfg]n] nufpdf /x]sf] Pp6} d'2fsflgj]bgdf s] s'g Aoxf]/fn] lg:;f eof] eGg] k|Zgp7fpg ldNb}g . d'2fsf] tYo aflx/ uO{ lg:;fgePsf] / k|ltjfbLsf] lgj]bgdf klg jfbL kIfsf]lgj]bgdf lg:;f lbOPsf] cfwf/nfO{ g} u|x0ful/Psf] 5 . @)!^ ;fnsf] 3/;f/sf] a08fkqdfc+lzof/x¿sf] lrQ ga'em]sf sf/0f ;f] a08fkqkfl/t gePsf] / sfof{Gjog klg ePg . kl5lktf dfwanfnn] h]7L / sfG5L >LdtL tkm{sfc+lzof/x¿sf gfddf cnucnu & g+= kmfF6jf/Lbfv]n u/L a08f ul/lbg' ePsf] xf] . a08fkqs}hUuf eGg] xf] eg] ca08f hUuf a08f ul/kfpFmeGg] lkm/fb 5}g . c+za08fsf] #@ / #% g+=cg';f/ lkm/fb cfPsf] klg xf]Og . @)#$;fncl3 btf{ u/fPsf] ljifodf tTsfnLg sfg"gcg';f/ @ aif{leq gfln; ug'{kg]{df @)@& ;fnsf]gfd;f/L btf{ ab/ ug{ @)$* ;fndf k/]sf]

lkm/fb xbDofb ljxLg eO{ vf/]hefuL 5 . u'kr'kdfbtf{ u/]sf] xf]Og . ;h{dLg / ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfk|sflzt ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L gS;fkf; u/L 3/agfO{ j;]sf] s'/f jfbLn] yfxf gkfpg] eGgldNb}g . k"0f{dfg gflkt;Fu k|ltjfbLn] d'2f u/Lxs sfod u/fPsf] ca:yf 5 . oL ;a} s'/fnfO{jfbLn] :jLsf/]sf 5g\ . jfbLn] bfjL g} lngg;s]sf] s'/fdf cbfnt :jo+n] kIfsf] :yfgu|x0f u/L # efusf] ! efu gfd;f/L lg0f{o ab/ug]{ u/L ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ePsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ePsf]n] ;f] xb;Dd k'g/fjnf]sg eO{ bfjL gk'Ug]u/L z'?af6 ePsf] km};nf ;b/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf g} ;b/ sfod ul/g' kb{5eGg] ;d]t a;x ug'{eof] .

;fy} lgj]bs jfbL / k|ltjfbLtkm{af6lnlvt ax;gf]6 ;d]t k]z ePsf] /x]5 .

cfh lg0f{o ;'gfpg tfl/v tf]lsPsf]k|:t't d'2fdf lgj]bs jfbL / k|ltjfbL tkm{sfljåfg sfg"g Aoj;foLx¿n] ug'{ ePsf] pk/f]Qmax; lhsL/ dgg\ u/L k]z ePsf] lnlvt ax;gf]6;lxtsf] ;Dk"0f{ ldl;n sfuhft cWoog u/Lx]bf{ k|:tt' d'2fdf o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6ePsf] km};nf lgj]bs jfbL / k|ltjfbLsf]lhsL/cg';f/ k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kg]{ xf], xf]OgeGg] laifodf s]lGb|t /xL lg0f{o lbg' kg]{ x'gcfPsf] 5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ ldlt @)!^.%.@(sf] a08fkqn] alxgL dxfnIdLsf] ljjfx vr{afktk/;f/L d]/f] lhDdfdf /x]sf] xfnsf] ls=g+= #%)sf] hUufnfO{ lktf dfwanfnsf] Psdfq xsbf/b]vfO{ ljkIfLn] u/fPsf] gfd;f/L btf{ ab/ u/Ld]/f gfpFdf xs sfod btf{ ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tjfbLsf] lkm/fb bfjLdf @)!^ ;fnsf] a08fkqkfl/t x'g g;sL lktfn] ;a} c+lzof/sf gfddf

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cnucnu & g += kmf F6jf/L e/L a08f5'§ofPcg';f/ d]/f] efudf k/]sf] ljjflbt hUuf/Ltk"j{s gfd;f/L btf{ u/fO{ gS;f kfl/t u/L3/ agfO{ a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf] x'Fbf xsb}of /xbDofblaxLg lkm/fb vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tk|ltpQ/ lhsL/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . z'?n] jfbL bfjLk'Ug g;Sg] 7x¥ofO{ u/]sf] km};nf k'g/fj]bgcbfnt ;d]taf6 ;b/ ePsf]df o; cbfntsf];+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 ;f] km};nf s]xL pN6L u/LbfjLsf] ls=g+=#%) sf] hUufdf # efusf] ! efujfbL ;'Gb/axfb'/ uf]vf{nLsf] xs sfod x'g] /;f]xL # efusf] ! efusf] hUufdf k|ltjfbLs[i0fnfn uf]vf{nLsf] btf{ ab/ eO{ jfbLsf] gfddfbtf{ x'g] 7x¥ofO{ km};nf ePsf] b]lvof] .

#= alxgLsf] ljjfx vr{afkt a08fkqn]k/ ;f/]sf] tyf alxgLsf] ljjfx vr{ ;d]tcfkm}+n] u/]sf] x'Fbf ;Dk"0f{ hUufdf Psnf}6Lxs sfod x'g'kg]{df # efusf] ! efudf ;Ddxs k'Ug] 7x¥ofPsf] o; cbfntsf] km};nfq'l6k"0f{ /x]sf] eGg] lgj]bs jfbL / sfof{Gjogg} gePsf] 3/;f/sf] a08fkqcg';f/ jfbLPSn}n] ljjfx vr{ u/]sf] s'/f k'li6 gePsf] /ca08f hUuf a08f ul/kfpFm eGg] / b"liftbtf{ ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] bfjL g} gePsf]ca:yfdf jfbL bfjLeGbf aflx/ uO{ lkm/fbgug]{ c+lzof/sf] ;d]t c+z efu 5'§ofO{ ePsf]km};nf q'l6k"0f{ ePsf]n] k'g/fjnf]sg ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t k|ltjfbLsf] k[ysk[ys lgj]bglhsL/ /x]sf] b]lvg cfpF5 . o; cbfntaf6lgj]bs k|ltjfbLsf] lgj]bg lhsL/ cg';f/sf]cfwf/ pNn]v u/L jfbL kIfsf] lgj]bgdf /jfbLsf] lgj]bgdf lg:;f ePsf] cfwf/ u|x0fu/L k|ltjfbLsf] lgj]bgdf k'g/fjnf]sgsf]lg:;f k|bfg u/]sf] kfOof] .

$= k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lg:;f k|bfg ubf{sf]cfwf/ g} gldn]sf] x'Fbf To:tf] lg:;fsf] cfwf/af6d'2fsf] sf/jfxL cufl8 a9\g g;Sg] eGg] lgj]bsjfbL kIfsf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] k|f/lDesax; lhsL/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . k/Gt' Pp6} d'2fdfePsf] km};nfpk/ jfbL / k|ltjfbL kIfsf] 5'§f5'§}k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lgj]bg k/]sf] / Ps} ;fy k]zePsf lgj]bgx¿df Pp6} Ohnf;af6 Ps} lbglg:;f ePsf] cj:yf ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{cbfntaf6 ePsf] ;fdfGo q'l6sf] k|fljlwskIfnfO{ dfq dxTj lbO{ lgj]bsx¿n] p7fPsfljifoj:t'sf] ;fk]Iftfdf d'2fsf] ;du| l:yltsf]ljZn]if0f u/L Goflos lgisif{df gk'Ug] eGg'Gofof]lrt\ x'Fb}g .

%= d'2fsf] ljifoj:t'df k|j]z u/L x]bf{lgj]bs k|ltjfbLn] @)!^ ;fnsf] a08fkqsfof{Gjog gePsf] eGg] lhsL/ lnPsf] kfOG5 .k/Gt' ;f] a08fkqaf6 oL lgj]bsdfq 5'l§leGgePsf] eGg] cj:yf geO{ dfwanfnsf] b'O{>LdtLdWo] h]7L tkm{sf $ 5f]/f tyf sfG5Ltkm{sfk|ltjfbL / jfbL ;d]tsf # efO{ 5f]/fx¿ ;d]tsfc+lzof/ 5'l§leGg ePsf] eGg] b]lvG5 . oL k|ltjfbLafx]s dfwjnfnsf h]7L tyf sfG5L >LdtLtkm{sf cGo c+lzof/n] pQm a08fkqpk/ s'g}ph"/afh'/ u/]sf] jf ;f] a08fkq sfof{GjoggePsf]n] kl5 5'§} a08fkq ePsf] jf cGo s'g}dfWodaf6 5'§L leGg ePsf] eGg] b]lvg cfpFb}g .@)!^ ;fnsf] a08fkq sfof{Gjog gePsf] ePb'O{ xfFuftkm{sf ;ft–;ft hgf c+lzof/sf] Aojxf/TolQs} ldn]sf] xf]nf eGg] s'/f klg :jfefljscg'dfgsf] laifo b]lvFb}g .

^= To;} u/L & g+= kmfF6jf/L 5'§f5'§} e/Llktf dfwanfnn] ;a} c+lzof/nfO{ 5'§ofO{ lbPsf]eGg] k|ltjfbLsf] lhsL/ /x]klg & g+= kmfF6jf/L


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vf; k|of]hg laz]ifsf nflu ;DklQsf] ljj/0fk]z bfv]n ug]{ k|lqmof;Dd ePsf]n] & g+= kmfF6jf/Lljj/0fn] c+za08fnfO{ g} k|lt:yfkg ub{5 egLdfGg ldNb}g . To;df klg lktf dfwanfnn]cfˆgf] gfddf & g+= kmfF6jf/L bfv]n ul/lbPsfsf/0faf6 ljjflbt ls=g+= #%) sf] hUuf bf=vf=btf{u/fPsf] eGg] s'/f lgj]bs k|ltjfbLn] df}sfdfpNn]v ug{ ;]ssf] b]lvFb}g . lktf :j=dfwanfnsf]d[To' ePsf] / lghsf] xs vfg] xsbf/ cfk"mafx]s sf]xL gePsf] eGg] Aoxf]/fsf] lgj]bg lbO{ldlt @)@&.@.!@ df k|ltjfbLn] gfd;f/L u/fPsf]b]lvPaf6 & g+=kmfF6jf/Laf6 cfˆgf] c+z xsdfk/]sf] egL xfn k|:t't d'2fdf lnOPsf] lhsL/:jtM vl08t e}/x]sf] b]lvG5 . :j=dfwanfnsfcfk"m afx]s cGo sf]xL xsbf/ g/x]sf] eGg]unt Aoxf]/fsf] lgj]bg lbO{ dfwjnfnsf gfpFsf]ljjflbt hUuf k|ltjfbLn] cfk\mgf gfddf gfd;f/Lbtf{ u/fPsf] lqmof g} b"lift b]lvPsf]n]dfwjnfnsf cGo xsbf/n] hlxn];'s} bfjL u/Lcfˆgf] c+z xs sfod u/fO{ lng ;Sg] g} x'G5 .s'g} c+lzof/sf] c+z efudf k/]sf] gb]lvO{ afa'sfgfpFdf btf{ /x]sf] hUuf afa'sf] z]ifkl5 ;a}5f]/fn] a/fa/ afF8L vfg kfpg] x'Fbf s'g} Psc+lzof/n] cGo c+lzof/sf] cl:tTj nf]k u/Lgfd;f/L btf{ u/fpFb}df c+z h:tf] g};lu{s xs;dfKt x'g ;Sb}g . c+lzof/x¿sf] c+z xsnfUg] hUuf Pp6f c+lzof/n] dfq unt Joxf]/fpNn]v u/L b"lift ¿kdf Psnf}6L btf{ u/fPsf]cj:yfdf To:tf] b"lift btf{sf ;DaGwdf xbDofbsf]k|Zg ;d]t uf}0f aGg k'Ub5 .

&= hxfF;Dd alxgL dxfnIdLsf] ljjfxvr{afkt @)!^ ;fnsf] a08fkqn] jfbLsf]lhDdfdf /flvPsf] / ljjfx vr{ ;d]t cfkm}+n]u/]sf] x'Fbf Psnf}6L vfg kfpg' kg]{ eGg] lgj]bs

jfbLsf] lhsL/ 5, @)!^ ;fnsf] a08fkqdfjfbLsf] lhDdf /xg] s'/f;Dd pNn]v ePsf] b]lvPklg lghn] g} vfg kfpg] eGg] pNn]v ePsf]b]lvFb}g . alxgLsf] ljjfx jfbL PSn}n] u/]sf]eGg] lhsL/ ;dly{t x'g] s'g} 7f]; k|df0f k]z ug{;s]sf] klg kfOb}g . ;fy} lktf dfwjnfn hLljtx'Fb} dxfnIdLsf] ljjfx ePsf] eGg] x'Fbf ljjfxdfcfk"mn] dfq vr{ u/]sf] eP cfˆgf] lhDdfsf]hUuf afa' hLljt x'Fb} bf=vf=gfd;f/L u/fpg;Sg'kg]{df ;f] u/fpg g;s]af6 alxgLsf] ljjfxvr{ cfk"m PSn}n] Aoxf]/]sf] eGg] jfbLsf] lhsL/ljZj;gLo gb]lvPsf]n] ljjflbt hUufdf jfbLsf]klg Psnf}6L xs sfod x'g ;Sg] cfwf/ b]lvPg .

*= j:t'tM lkm/fb bfjL jf ljjfb h]h:tf] ¿kaf6 cfPklg c+za08fsf] lnvtdfk/]sf] tyf s;}sf] Psnf}6L c+z efusf] x'g]gelgPsf] ljjflbt hUuf c+lzof/aLrsf] ca08f;DklQ dfGg' kg]{ x'G5 . k/Gt' :j=dfwjnfnsfb'O{ >LdtL / b'j}tkm{ 5f]/fx¿ /x]sf] b]lvPsf]tyf ljjflbt hUuf sfG5L >LdtLtkm{sL 5f]/LdxfnIdLsf] ljjfx vr{afkt a08fkqn] k/;f/]sf]b]lvPsf] l:yltdf h]7L >LdtLtkm{sf xsbf/sf]bfjL lj/f]w gk/]sf]n] sfG5L >LdtLtkm{sf tLg5f]/fx¿aLr a08f nfUg] k|s[ltsf] ;DklQ /x]5eGg] Goflos cg'dfg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

(= To;}n] bfjL lng]n] h:tf];'s} ¿kaf6bfjL lnP klg c+z efu nfUg] k|s[ltsf] ca08fuf]Zj/f k|s[ltsf] ;DklQsf] xsdf cbfntn] ;b}jc+z xssf] g};lu{stf sfod x'g] b[li6sf]0f canDagug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o:tf]df s'g P]g cGtu{tsf] bfjLlnOPsf] 5 eGg] s'/f uf}0f x'g] / xbDofbsf] k|Zgn];d]t c;/ ug{ ;Sb}g . c+za08fsf] @& g+=cg';f/a08f ubf{ s'g} c+lzof/n] bkf]6 u/]sf] ;DklQ kQfnufpg] c+lzof/sf] Psnf}6L x'g] sfg"gL Joj:yf

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ePklg c+z bkf]6 d'2faf6 ;a} c+lzof/nfO{ efunufO{ lbg] tyf ca08f ;DklQ s'g} Ps c+lzof/n]Psnf}6L ¿kdf gfd;f/L u/fpFb}df csf]{ c+lzof/sf]xs hfg g;Sg] eGg] xfd|f] Goflos kl/kf6L /:yflkt l;4fGt -g]sfk @)%$, lg=g+= ^#)(, k[i7%@_ ePaf6 ;d]t k|:t't d'2fdf jfbLn] Psnf}6LkfpFm egL lnPsf] bfjL dfGo x'g g;Sg] eO{ c+lzof/sf]x}l;ot cg'¿k efulx:;f sfod ug'{ Gofo / ljj]sb'j} b[li6sf]0faf6 pko'Qm x'g cfpF5 .

!)= @)@& ;fndf gfd;f/L btf{u/fpg'sf cltl/Qm @)#* sf] gfkLdf ljjflbthUuf cfk"mn] btf{ u/fPsf], gS;f kf; u/L 3/agfPsf] / k"0f{dfg gflkt;Fu d'2f u/L xssfod u/fPsf] ;d]taf6 cfˆgf] Psnf}6L xssf]ePsf]n] c? c+lzof/sf] bfjL nfUg g;Sg] eGg]klg k|ltjfbLsf] lgj]bg lhsL/ /x]sf] kfOG5 .gS;fkf;sf] lg0f{o ab/ u/fpg lgj]bs jfbLn]lbPsf] pTk|]if0fsf] lgjb]gaf6 ;f] lg0f{o ab/ePsf] / To;pk/ k|ltjfbLsf] k'g/fjnf]sgsf]lgj]bg k/]sf] b]lvFb}g . To;} u/L log} jfbLn]lbPsf] nufpsf] hfn;fhL d'2fdf ;d]t k|:t'td'2fdf ePsf] km};nfaf6 jfbLsf] xs ;'/lIft g}/x]sf] eGg] cfwf/ a'Fbf u|x0f u/L bfjL gk'Ug]km};nf ePsf]df To;pk/ ;d]t k|ltjfbLsf]lgj]bg k/]sf] 5}g . ;uf]nsf] ca08f ;DklQs'g} c+lzof/sf gfddf /x]sf] sf/0fn] lgh;Fut];|f] AolQmsf] ljjfb k/L d'2f kg'{ :jefljs xf] .;DklQ btf{ gePsf] AolQmnfO{ ;fdfGotM ljkIfLagfO{ /xg cfjZos x'Fb}g . t/ Tolts} sf/0fn];Dk"0f{ ;DklQdf Ps c+lzof/sf] dfq xs x'g]cy{ ug{ ldNb}g . d'2f u/]sf] sf/0faf6 dfq Psc+lzof/n] csf]{ c+lzof/af6 kfpg] c+zsf] g};lu{sxs hfg ;Sb}g . lsgsL ca08f ;DklQsf]rl/q / k|s[lt cljl5Gg / ;uf]nLo g} x'g] x'Fbf

h'g;'s} c+lzof/sf] ;fydf /x]sf] ePklg Tof]rl/q / k|s[lt gi6 x'g ;Sb}g .

!!= o; l:yltdf @)!^ ;fnsf] a08fn]dxfnIdLsf] laafx vr{afkt k/ ;fl/Psf]:j=dfwanfn gfpF btf{sf] ljjflbt ls=g+= #%)sf] hUufdf lghsf] sfG5L >LdtL tkm{sf5f]/fx¿sf] a/fa/ c+z xs lgxLt /x]sf] b]lvPsf]x'Fbf k|ltjfbL PSn}n] b"lift ¿kdf u/fPsf] Psnf}6Lgfd;f/L / btf{ ab/ u/L jfbLsf] # efusf] !efudf xs sfod x'g] 7x¥ofPsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf]OG;fkm Gofof]lrt\ b]lvPsf]n] bfjLeGbf aflx/uO{ km};nf ePsf] egL k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lg:;fk|bfg ubf{ pNn]v ul/Psf] ghL/ l;4fGt ;d]tsf]canlDjt cfwf/;Fu ;xdt x'g ;lsPg .

!@= t;y{, plNnlvt cfwf/ sf/0f;d]taf6 k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf s]xL pN6Lu/L ldlt @)@&.@.!@ sf] lg0f{on] k|ltjfbLsf]gfddf Psnf}6L btf{ ePsf] bfjLsf] ls=g+= #%)sf] hUufdWo] # efusf] ! efudf jfbL ;'Gb/axfb'/uf]vf{nLsf] xs sfod x'g] / ;f]xL a/fa/sf]hUufdf k|ltjfbL s[i0fnfnsf gfdsf] btf{ ab/eO{ jfbLsf gfddf btf{ x'g] 7x¥ofPsf] ;d]to; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] ldlt @)^%.!.!)sf] km};nf Gofof]lrt b]lvg cfO{ o; cbfntaf6k|ltkflbt l;4fGt ;d]tsf] k|lts"n b]lvggcfPsf]n] lgj]bg lhsL/cg'¿k k'g/fjnf]sgx'g g;Sg] 7x5{ . jfbL / k|ltjfbL b'j} kIfsf]lgj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g . bfo/Lsf] nut s§fu/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfO{ lbg" .pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}+ .Gof=k|f=8f=e/taxfb'/ sfsL{Gof=sdngf/fo0f bf;Olt ;j+t\ @)^( ;fn c;f]h @% ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb ;'j]bL


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lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(!)*(!)*(!)*(!)*(!)

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7dfggLo GofofwLz >L ts{/fh e§

l/6 g+=)^&–WS–))^&cfb]z ldltM @)^(.$.#@.%

ljifoM pTk]|if0f;d]t .

lgj]bsM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf skg uf=lj=;= j8fg+= # a:g] clwjQmf dx]Zj/ yfkf

lj?4ljkIfLM k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no

;d]t

§ l;4fGttM ;+ljwfgk|bQ s'g} klg :jtGqtfjf df}lns xs lg/k]If x'Fb}gg\ / o:tf]x'g ;Dej klg x'Fb}g . ;DalGwt df}lnsxs jf :jtGqtfs} /Iffsf] nflu klgTo;sf] pkef]udf s]xL ;Ldf jf aGb]hx¿lgwf{/0f ug'{ ckl/xfo{ x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ s'g} sfg"gdf tf]lsPsf] ;do ;Ldf sd

jf ckof{Kt x'g' / ;f] sfg"g ;+ljwfgsf]s'g} wf/f jf df}lns xs;Fu lj/f]wfefifk"0f{jf aflemPsf] x'g' laNs'n} km/s s'/fxf] . pQm ;do ;Ldf ckof{Kt ePsf]dfq sf/0faf6 ;f] sfg"g ;+ljwfg;FuaflemPsf] eGg gldNg] .

§ df]xL nfu]sf] hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/L df]xLnut s§f ug]{ ljifonfO{ s'g} lglZrt\;do ;Ldfleq ;Lldt gu/L ;bfv'Nn} /fVg] xf] eg] e"ld dflysf] å}w:jfldTj cGTo ug]{ eGg] e"ld;DaGwLP]g @)@! sf] p2]Zo slxn} xfl;nx'g g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!@_§ sfg"gadf ]lhd ;/sf/n] lglZrt\

;dofjlwleq ;DkGg ug'{kg] { egLtf]lsPsf] sfo{ ;f] ;dofjlwleq ;DkGgug{ g;s]sf] tYonfO{ o; cbfntn]cfkm}+ Goflos hfgsf/Ldf lnO{ ;/sf/Lc;dy{tf / To;;Fu hf ] l8Psf ]gful/sx¿sf ] xssf ] ;jfnnfO {uDeL/tfk"j{s ljrf/ ug{ ;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!#_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf dx]Zj/ yfkfljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ;"o{k|;fb

kf]v/]ncjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)%), lg=g+= $&@! k[= !*)§ g]sfk @)%!, lg=g+= %))! k[= *%@§ g]sfk @)%^ lg=g+= ^&$^ k[= $&*

;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf]

wf/f !&-!_§ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)!( sf] wf/f !%§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf]

wf/f !(§ e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^u,

@^3@, @^3!

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*(!) –*(!) –*(!) –*(!) –*(!) – dx]Zj/ yfkf lj=dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

cfb]zGof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfxM g]kfnsf]

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ tyf !)&-!_ cGtu{t bfo/ x'gcfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf];+lIfKt tYo Pj+ 7x/ o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5M–

e"ld ;DaGwL P]g, @)@! df ldlt@)%#.(.@$ df ePsf] rf}yf] ;+zf]wgn] d"n¿kdfe"lddf /x]sf] hUufwgL / df]xLsf] bf]xf]/f]:jfldTjnfO{ cGTo ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . ;f];+zf]wgn] e"ld dflysf] å}w :jfldTjsf] cGTosfnflu hUufwgL / df]xLaLr hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/Ldf]xL nut s§f ug]{ Joj:yf ub}{ To;sf] k|lqmofutsfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! df @)%*.!).@%df ePsf] kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgn] hUuf afF8kmfF8 tyfdf]xL nut s§f ug]{ ;DaGwdf bkmf @^3! dfæbkmf @^u / @^3 sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu of] bkmfk|f/De ePsf] ldltn] ^ dlxgfleq lgj]bglbg'kg]{5Æ egL / bkmf @^3# df ædf]xL nfu]sf]hUuf o; P]gadf]lhd hUufjfnf / df]xLaLrafF8kmfF8 ug]{ sf/jfxL tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] of]bkmf k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] @ jif{leq 6'Ëf]nufO;Sg' kg]{5Æ eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . hUufafF8kmfF8 ug]{ ljifodf o;/L e"ld;DaGwL P]gn]lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;do ;Ldfn] ;+ljwfgk|bQ;DklQ;DaGwL df}lns xs ;d]tnfO{ s'l07tt'NofPsf] 5 . o;/L ;do;Ldf tf]lsg'sf] s'g}cf}lrTo klg 5}g .

P]gdf tf]lsPsf] pQm Dofb ;dfKt ePsf]jiff}{+ x'Fbf klg Dofb yktkm{ ljkIfLx¿sf] s'g}rf;f] 5}g . ;f]xL sf/0faf6 hUuf afF8kmfF8dfk/]sf lgj]bgx¿df lg0f{o ug{ g;sL tfd]nL/xg uPsf 5g\ . P]gdf tf]lsPsf] ;do;Ldf

;dfKt ePsf] $ jif{ lalt;Stf klg ;+zf]wgtkm{ljkIfLx¿ cu|;/ gePsf] x'Fbf pQm P]gsf] bkmf@^3! / @^3# sf] k|fjwfgaf6 cGtl/d;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@, !# tyf !( åf/f k|bQdf}lns xs s'l07t x'g uO{ ;f] Joj:yf ;+ljwfg;FuaflemPsf]n] ;f] bkmf @^3! / @^3# sf] Joj:yfg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-!_ adf]lhd cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lift ul/kfpmFeGg] Joxf]/fsf] lgj]bgkq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf] <af6fsf] Dofbafx]s !% lbgleq dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]sfof{nodfkm{t\ lnlvthjfkm k7fpg' egLljkIfLx¿sf gfddf ;"rgf hf/L u/L lgodfg';f/k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.#.# sf]cfb]z .

e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! df ePsf] 5}7f}+;+zf]wg -cWofb]z_ n] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/Ltf]lsPsf] Dofbleq lgj]bg lbg] sfg"gL Joj:yfu/]sf] / ;f]xL sfg"gL Joj:yf adf]lhd @)^#r}q d;fGt;Dd lgj]bg lbg] Dofb g]kfn/fhkqdf k|sfzg ul/Psf]df kl5 pQm cWofb]z;+;baf6 cg'df]bg x'g g;sL P]gsf] bkmf @^3!sf] ;flas Joj:yf g} oyfjt\ /xg uPsf] / pQmsfg"gL Joj:yfsf sf/0f sfdsfh ug{ sl7gfOeO{ dGqfnon] o;} ljifonfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ u/Le"ld;DaGwL P]g @)@! sf] bkmf @^3! nfO{;+zf]wg ug]{ e"ld ;DaGwL P]g -5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ljw]ossf] d:of}bf sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnodfk7fPsf] lyof] . sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnon]pQm P]gsf] bkmf @^3! df ;+zf]wgsf nflu;}4flGts ;xdlt;d]t k|bfg ul/;s]sf]n]Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf 5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg ljw]ossf]¿kdf k7fpg dGqfnon] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{osf


16101610161016101610

nflu dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sdf k|:tfj k]z ul/;s]sf]5 . Joj:yflksf ;+;baf6 ljw]osn] sfg"gL¿k u|x0f u/]kZrft\ lgj]bssf] dfubfjLsf;DaGwdf ;Daf]wg x'g] g} x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bgvf/]hefuL 5 eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfL e"ld;'wf/tyf Joj:yf dGqfnosf] lnlvthjfkm .

hUufjfnf / df]xL aLrdf hUuf afF8kmfF8;DaGwdf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ / sf/jfxL 6'Ëf] nufO;Sg'kg]{ cjlw g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;"rgfk|sflzt u/L tf]Sg ;Sg] e"ld;DaGwL P]g @)@!sf] bkmf @^3! / @^3# df sfg"gL Joj:yfePadf]lhd ldlt @)^#.@.@( sf] /fhkqdfk|sflzt ;"rgf Pj+ o; ljefusf] r=g+= $!#(sf] kl/kqadf]lhd ePsf] sfo{af6 ljkIfLlgj]bssf] s'g} clwsf/sf] xgg\ gePsf] x'Fbf l/6lgj]bg vf/]hefuL 5 eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfLe"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkg ljefusf] lnlvthjfkm .

e"ld;DaGwL P]g @)@! df @)%*.!).@%df ePsf] kfFrf}+ ;+zf]wgn] yk u/]sf] bkmf@^3! n] u/]sf] Joj:yfadf]lhd ^ dlxgfleqdf]xL / hUufwgL aLr hUuf afF8kmfF8 ug{sfnflu tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L;dIf lgj]bg lbO;Sg'kg]{ / s;}sf] lgj]bg kg{ gcfP klg & g+=kmfF6jf/L / pknAw ePsf cGo k|df0fsf]cfwf/df tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] afF8kmfF8sf] sfo{ug'{kg]{ bfloTj bkmf @^3@ n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]kfOG5 . o;}u/L bkmf @^3# n] df]xL nfu]sf]hUuf df]xL / hUufwgLnfO{ afF8kmfF8 ug]{ sf/jfxLpQm bkmf k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] @ jif{leq;DkGg u/L ;Sg'kg]{ ;do ;Ldf tf]s]sf] b]lvG5 .pQm sfg"g lgdf{0f eO{ @)%*.!).@% df g]kfn/fhkqdf k|sfzg eO{ nfu" ePsf], ;f] ldltn]@ jif{ cyf{t\ @)^).!).@% leq df]xL nfu]sf]

hUuf df]xL / hUufwgLnfO{ afF8kmfF8 ug]{ sf/jfxL;DkGg ug'{kg]{ u/L sfg"gL st{Jo tf]lsPsf] /To;kl5 P]gsf] cjlw a9fpg' kg]{ cfjZostfsfg"g lgdf{0f ug{ / ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Ifdljwflosfn] dx;"; gu/]sf] cj:yfdf * jif{cl3g} lgliqmot'No /x ]sf ] sfg "gL Joj:yf;+ljwfgcg's"n g/x]sf] egL bfo/ ePsf] l/6lgj]bg ljnDasf] cfwf/df ;d]t vf/]hefuL 5eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfL Joj:yflksf ;+;b;lrjfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

;DklQ;DaGwL xs lglj{jfb xs xf]Og .;+ljwfgtM ;fj{hlgs lxtsf nflu ;DklQsf]xsdf ;Ldf nufpg ;lsG5 . e"lddf /x]sf] å}w:jfldTj cGTo u/L ;fj{hlgs lxt sfod ug]{p2]Zon] ul/Psf] e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf]pk/f]Qm ;+zf]lwt Joj:yf ;+ljwfg;Fu gaflemPsf]x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpmF eGg] Joxf]/fsf]ljkIfL k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf]lnlvt hjfkm .

df]xL / hUufwgL aLrsf] ljjfb ;se/l56f] ;dfwfg ug]{ p2]Zon] hUufwgL / df]xLaLrhUuf afF8kmfF8 ug]{ ;DaGwdf lgj]bg lbg] /To;/L lbPsf] lgj]bgpk/ 6'+uf] nufpg] lglZrt\;dofjlw tf]lsPsf]df ;f] sfd ;dodf ;DkGgx'g g;s]sf]n] g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;"rgfk|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] Dofbleq To:tf] hUufafF8kmfF8 ug{ lgj]bg lbg] tyf To;/L k/]sflgj]bgx¿sf] 6'+uf] nufpg] Dofb yk ug]{k|of]hgsf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf] e"ld;DaGwL-5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)^* sf] ljw]ospk/cfjZos sf/jfxL cl3 a9fpg o; dGqfnoaf6;xdlt k|bfg u/L ;DalGwt dGqfnodf k7fO{;lsPsf] x'Fbf ;f] ljw]os Joj:yflksf ;+;baf6kfl/t ePkl5 ljkIfLsf] dfu ;Daf]wg x'g] g}

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ePsf]n] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfL sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnosf]lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L k]zx'gcfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ldl;n;+nUg;Dk"0f{ sfuhft cWoog ul/of] .

lgj]bs clwjQmf >L dx]Zj/ yfkfn]df]xL nfu]sf] hUuf afF8kmfF8 ug{ lgj]bg lbg]ljifodf / To:tf lgj]bgx¿sf] 6'Ëf] nufpg]ljifodf ;do;Ldf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] e"ld ;DaGwLP]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^3! / @^3# sf] Joj:yfn];+ljwfgk|bQ ;DklQ;DaGwL df}lns xsnfO{s'l07t t'NofPsf] x'Fbf pQm bkmfx¿sf] Joj:yfab/ 3f]lift x'g'kb{5 egL ax; ug'{eof] . ljkIfLg]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg;xGofoflwjQmf >L ;"o{k|;fb kf]v/]nn] df]xLnfu]sf] hUuf afF8kmfF8 ug{ lgj]bg lbg] ljifodftyf ;DalGwt lgsfon] To:tf hUuf afF8kmfF8ul/lbg] ljifodf ;do;Ldf lgwf{/0f ePs}sf/0faf6 df}lns xssf] xgg\ x'Fb}g . tyflk ;f];DaGwdf e"ld ;DaGwL P]gdf eO/x]sf] Joj:yfnfO{;/n Pj+ Jojxfl/s agfpg] p2]Zon] P]g ;+zf]wgug]{ tof/L eO/x]sf] eGg] lnlvthjfkmaf6b]lvPsf]n] lgj]bssf] dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L x'g] cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf] 5}g egL ax;ug'{eof] .

plNnlvt ax;;d]t ;'gL lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g kg]{ xf] xf]Og eGg]ljifodf lg0f{o lbg'k/]sf] 5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, e"ld;DaGwLP]g, @)@! df ldlt @)%*.!).@% df ePsf]kfFrf+} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk ePsf] bkmf @^3! /@^3# sf] Joj:yfn] ;+ljwfgk|bQ ;DklQsf]df}lns xsnfO{ s'l07t t'NofPsf] x'Fbf ;+ljwfg;Fu

aflemPsf pQm bkmfx¿sf] Joj:yf cdfGo /ab/ 3f]lift ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bssf] dfubfjL/x]sf] b]lvG5 .

lgj]bsn] c;+j}wflgs egL r'gf}tL lbPsf]e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^3! / @^3#df /x]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M–

bkmf @^3! lgj]bg lbg'kg]{M bkmf @^u / @^3sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu of] bkmf k|f/DeePsf] ldltn] ̂ dlxgfleq lgj]bglbg'kg]{5 .

bkmf @^3# sf/jfxL 6'Ëf] nufO;Sg'kg]{M df]xLnfu]sf] hUuf o; P]g adf]lhdhUufjfnf / df]xLaLr afF8kmfF8 ug]{sf/jfxL tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] of]bkmf k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] b'O{jif{leq 6'Ëf] nufO{ ;Sg'kg]{5 .

#= e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf@^u df df]xL nfu]sf] hUufdf hUufjfnf /df]xL b'a} kIfn] ;xdltåf/f hUuf afF8kmfF8ul/lng rfx]df jf cfkm\gf] efudf kg]{ hUufsf]d"No lnO{ hUufjfnf jf df]xLdWo] s;}nfO{ k"/}hUuf 5f]8L df]xL nut s§f ug{ rfx]dftf]lsPsf] clwsf/L;dIf ;+o'Qm¿kdf lgj]bglbg'kg]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t}, pQmP]gsf] bkmf @^3 df hUuf afF8kmfF8 ug]{ljifodf hUufwgL / df]xL cfk;df ;xdtx'g g;sL hUufwgL jf df]xLdWo] s'g} PskIfn] lgj]bg lbPdf ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln]g/du/d ldnfO{ hUufwgL / df]xLnfO{ cfwfcfwf x'g] u/L hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/L df]xL nuts§f ug'{kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .o;}u/L pQm P]gsf] bkmf @^3@ df, bkmf


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@^3! sf] Dofbleq hUuf afF8kmfF8 ug{hUufwgL jf df]xLdWo] s;}sf] klg lgj]bg kg{gcfP klg ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] cfjZosk|df0f a'emL hUuf afF8kmfF8 ul/lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf/x]sf] b]lvG5 .

$= e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf pk/f]QmJoj:yfx¿ cWoog u/L x]bf{ df]xL nfu]sf]hUufdf /x]sf] å}w :jfldTjnfO{ cGTo ug]{ljwflosfsf] dg;fo /x]sf] :ki6 b]lvG5 .e"lddf /x]sf] å}w :jfldTjsf sf/0f b]vfk/]sfcf ly {s tyf ;fdf lhs ;d:ofx¿sf ]lg/fs/0fsf nflu df]xL nfu]sf] hUufdfhUufwgL / df]xLsf] a/fa/ xs l;h{gf u/LhUuf afF8kmfF8 ul/lbg] / o;sf dfWodaf6e"ldsf] pkof]u / pTkfbsTjdf clej[l4 u/L/fli6«o cy{tGqnfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] pQm P]gsf]p2]Zodf lgj]bsn] cfklQ hgfPsf] klgb]lvFb}g . lgj]bssf] cfklQ s]jn hUufafF8kmFf8 ul/kfpFm egL lgj]bg lbg] ;DaGwdf/ o;/L k/]sf lgj]bgx¿sf] km5\of} {6 ug]{ljifodf sfg"gn] ;do;Ldf lgwf{/0f ug'{ x'Fb}g,v'n} /flvg'kb{5 eGg] /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

%= lgj]bsn] r'gf}tL lbPsf] e"ld;DaGwLP]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^3! / @^3# sf] pQmljifo e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! df ePsf] kfFrf+};+zf]wg åf/f yk ePsf] b]lvG5 . e"ld;DaGwLP]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^3! / @^3# sf] plNnlvtJoj:yf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf]wf/f !( åf/f k|bQ ;DklQ ;DaGwL df}lnsxs;Fu aflemPsf] 5 eGg] lgj]bssf] bfjL /x]sf]5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !(-!_ df /x]sf] Joj:yf x]bf{ æk|To]s gful/snfO{k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DklQ cfh{gug]{, ef]u ug]{, a]rlavg ug]{ / ;DklQsf] cGo

sf/f]af/ ug]{ xs x'g]5Æ eGg] pNn]v ePsf]kfOG5 .

^= l;4fGttM ;+ljwfgk|bQ s'g} klg:jtGqtf jf df}lns xs lg/k]If x'Fb}gg\ / o:tf]x'g ;Dej klg x'Fb}g . ;DalGwt df}lns xs jf:jtGqtfs} /Iffsf] nflu klg To;sf] pkef]udfs]xL ;Ldf jf aGb]hx¿ lgwf{/0f ug'{ ckl/xfo{x'G5 / ;+ljwfg :jo+ jf ljwflosf lgld{t sfg"gåf/fTo:tf ;Ldf jf aGb]hx¿ lgwf{/0f x'g] ub{5g\ .;f]xLadf]lhd cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !( åf/fk|bQ ;DklQ;DaGwL xssf] cWoog u/L x]bf{pQm xsnfO { ; + ljwfgn ] g } æk |rlntsfg"gadf]lhdÆ k|fKt x'g] / ;+/lIft x'g] xssf]¿kdf k|Tofe"t u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

&= o; ;Gbe{df ;fDklQs xs s:tf]xs xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf k"j{jtL{;+ljwfgx¿n] u/]sf]] Joj:Yff tyf ;f] xssf];DaGwdf o; cbfntaf6 cjnDag ul/Fb} cfPsf]Goflos b[li6sf]0ftkm{ klg ljrf/ ug'{ k|f;+lusx'g] b]lvG5 .

*= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)!( sf] wf/f!% df ;DklQ;DaGwL xssf] Joj:yf /x]sf]b]lvG5, h;df sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s s'g} klgJolQmsf] ;DklQ ckx/0f x'g] 5}g elgPsf]kfOG5 . To:t}, g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg,@)$& sf] wf/f !&-!_ df ;a} gful/snfO{k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DklQ cfh{gug]{, ef]u ug]{, a]rlavg ug]{ / ;DklQsf] cGosf/f]af/ ug]{ xs x'g]5 eGg] pNn]v ePsf]b]lvG5 . ;DklQsf] xs;DaGwL b'a} ;+ljwfgsfpQm Joj:Yffx¿ df}lns xs zLif{scGtu{t g};dfj]z ePsf b]lvG5g\ . t/ b'a} ;+ljwfgx¿n]u/]sf] pQm Joj:Yff cWoog u/L x]bf{ ;fDkltsxs sfg"gadf]lhd dfq} ;+/lIft x'g] xs xf]

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eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 . ljwflosL sfg"gsf]kl/lweGbf dfly /fv]/ ;fDklQs xssf]Joj:yfkg / ;+/If0f ug]{ eGg] Joj:yf b'a};+ljwfgx¿n] u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . o; ;DaGwdfg]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)!( sf] wf/f !% åf/fk|bQ ;fDklts xs s:tf] xs xf] eGg] k|Zg;dfj]z ePsf] gGbfs'df/L /fjn lj= pBf]udGqfno;d]t ePsf] pTk|]if0f d'2f -g]sfk @)%),lg=g+= $&@! k[= !*)_ df o; cbfntsf]ljz]if Ohnf;af6 pQm xs sfg"gL xs xf] egLJofVof eO;s]sf] b]lvG5 .

(= To;}u/L g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg,@)$& sf] wf/f !& åf/f k|bQ ;fDklts xsklg sfg"gL xs xf] egL ;Ltf lai6 If]qL lj= u[xdGqfno;d]t ePsf] pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z d'2f-g]sfk @)%!, lg=g+= %))!, k[= *%@_ dfJofVof ePsf] b]lvG5 . To:t}, ldlyn]zs'df/l;+x lj= k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{no;d]t ePsf] pTk|]if0fd'2f -g]sfk @)%^, lg=g+= ^&$^, k[= $&*_ dfg]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f !&-!_ n] s'g} xs k|bfg u/]sf] geO{ sfg"g cg';f/k|fKt xsnfO{ dfGotf lbPsf] ;Dd xf] . t;y{hUuf hdLgdflysf] xssf] ;|f]t ;+ljwfg xf] eGggldnL ;DklQ cfh{g, ef]u, laqmL Jojxf/ ug]{cfwf/ ;DalGwt sfg"g g} xf] eGg' kg]{ x'g cfpF5egL o; cbfntsf] ljz]if Ohnf;af6 JofVofePsf] b]lvG5 .

!)= plNnlvt ljjfbx¿df k|ltkflbtl;4fGtx¿af6 ;+ljwfgk|bQ ;DklQ ;DaGwL xssfg"gåf/f lgoldt x'g] xs xf] egL JofVof eO/x]sf]/ jt{dfg g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf]wf/f !(-!_ df klg ;DklQsf] xssf] ;DaGwdfk"j{jtL{ g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& sf]wf/f !&-!_ df ePs} Joj:yf sfod /x]sf] x'Fbf

k"j{jtL{ ;+ljwfg tyf ;f] ;+ljwfgcGtu{t o;cbfntaf6 k|ltkflbt l;4fGtx¿df k'glj{rf/ul//xg' kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] b]lvFb}g .

!!= ;DklQ;DaGwL xs sfg"gadf]lhdlgoldt x'g] xs xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf dfly ljj]rgfePsf] eP tfklg To:tf] sfg"g h:tf] ;'s}x'g;Sg] cyf{t\ To:tf] sfg"gsf] o; cbfntaf6Goflos k'g/fjnf]sg g} x'g g;Sg] eGg] xf]Og .xfd|f] ;+ljwfg / sfg"g k|0ffnLn] sfg"gsf]zf;gsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft u/]sf] 5 /;/sf/sf] k|zf;lgs sfdsf/jfxLsf] cnfjfljwflosL sfg"gx¿sf] Goflos k'g/fjnf]sgug]{ Pj+ k"0f{ Gofo k|bfg ug]{ l;nl;nfdfcfjZos b]lvPsf] h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] pkrf/k|bfg ug{;Sg] c;fwf/0f clwsf/ cGtl/d;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !)& n] o; cbfntnfO{ k|bfgu/]sf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf]wf/f !(-!_ cGtu{t ag]sf ;fDklQs xs;DaGwLljwflosL sfg"gx¿ sfg"gsf] zf;gsf] cjwf/0ffcg's"n :jR5 -Fair_, Gofok"0f { -Just_ /ljj]s;Ddt -Reasonable_ 5g\ 5}gg\ egL To:tfsfg"gx¿sf] j}wtfsf] k/LIf0f ug]{ / ;f] adf]lhds'g} sfg"g :jR5, Gofok"0f{ / ljj]s;Ddt geO{To;n] JolQmsf] ;DklQ;DaGwL xsnfO{ cg'lrttj/af6 xgg\ u/]sf] b]lvPdf o; cbfntn]To:tf] sfg"gnfO{ c;+j}wflgs ePsf] 7x/ ub}{cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lift ub{5 .

!@= o; ;Gbe{df l/6 lgj]bg cWoogubf{ e"ld;DaGwL P]g @)@! sf] bkmf @^3! tyf@^3# sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf s] s;/L cGofok"0f{,cJojxfl/s jf cljj]sk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 eGg];DaGwdf lgj]bsn] s]xL pNn]v ug{ ;s]sf]b]lvFb}g . ;fy} pQm bkmfx¿sf] Joj:yf s] s;/L/ s'g b[li6af6 g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf]


16141614161416141614

wf/f !(-!_ ;Fu aflemPsf] 5 eGg] ;DaGwdf;d]t l/6 lgj]bgdf s'g} tYoo'Qm cfwf/ Pj+j:t'lgi7 sf/0f lgj]bsn] pNn]v ug{ ;s]sf]b]lvFb}g . s'g} sfg"g ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] eGg]bfjL lng dfq kof{Kt x'Fb}g . ;f]sf] cfwf/ /sf/0f klg lgj]bsn] :ki6 ¿kdf af]w x'g] u/Lv'nfpg' kb{5 . t/ k|:t't lgj]bgdf ;f] b]lvFb}g .df]xL nfu]sf] hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/L df]xL nuts§f ug]{ ljifodf pQm bkmfx¿df lgwf{l/t;do;Ldf ckof{Kt / cJofjxfl/s /x]sf] 5eGg];Dd lgj]bssf] cfzo /x]sf] b]lvG5 . t/To;nfO{ JoQm ug]{ qmddf lgj]bs ;do;Ldf;DaGwL P]gsf] pQm Joj:yf g} ;DklQ ;DaGwLdf}lns xssf] k|lts"n /x]sf] 5 eGg k'Ug' ePsf]b]lvG5 . s'g} sfg"gdf tf]lsPsf] ;do ;Ldfsd jf ckof{Kt x'g' / ;f] sfg"g ;+ljwfgsf] s'g}wf/f jf df}lns xs;Fu lj/f]wfefifk"0f{ jf aflemPsf]x'g' laNs'n} km/s s'/f xf] . pQm ;do ;Ldfckof{Kt ePsf] dfq sf/0faf6 ;f] sfg"g;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] eGg ldNg] x'Fb}g . olbdf]xL nfu]sf] hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/L df]xL nuts§f ug]{ ljifonfO{ lgj]bsn] dfu u/]h:tf] s'g}lglZrt\ ;do ;Ldfleq ;Lldt gu/L ;bf v'Nn}/fVg] xf] eg] e"ld dflysf] å}w :jfldTj cGTo ug]{eGg] e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] p2]Zo slxNo}xfl;n x'g g;Sg] :ki6 5 . o;af6 ;d]t df]xLnfu]sf] hUuf afF8kmfF8 ug{ lgj]bg lbg] tyfTo:tf lgj]bgx¿sf] km5\of}{6 ug]{ ljifodf;do;Ldf lgwf{/0f u/]s} sf/0faf6 e"ld;DaGwLP]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^3! tyf @^3# sf]sfg"gL Joj:Yff cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !(-!_åf/f k|bQ ;DklQsf] xs;Fu aflemPsf] 5 eGg]lgj]bssf] bfjL ts{;+ut, cf}lrTok"0f{ Pj+ dgfl;ab]lvg cfPg .

!#= To:t} df]xL nfu]sf] hUuf hUufwgL/ df]xLjLr afF8kmfF8 u/L e"lddflysf] å}w:jfldTj cGTo ug]{ ;DaGwdf e"ld;DaGwL P]g,@)@! sf] bkmf @^3! / @^3# df lgwf{l/t;do;Ldf sd jf ckof{Kt /x]sf] 5 egLlgj]bsn] :ki6¿kdf bfjL ug{ g;s]sf] ePklg ;/sf/n] pQm bkmfsf] Dofbleq hUufafF8kmfF8 ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g eGg]oyfy{ ljkIfLx¿s} lnlvthjfkmaf6 b]lvgcfPsf] 5 . o;/L P]gåf/f lgwf{l/t ;do;Ldfleq hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/L df]xL nut s§fug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ;/sf/ :jo+ c;dy{ePsf] sf/0f P]gsf pQm bkmfx¿df ;+zf]wgug{sf nflu e"ld;DaGwL -5}7f}+ ;+zf]wg_ ljw]os,@)^* sf] d:of}bf tof/ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf]lg0f{osf nflu dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sdf k]zeO;s]sf] 5 eGg] tYo;d]t ljkIfLx¿sf]lnlvthjfkmaf6 b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . o;/Lsfg"gadf]lhd ;/sf/n] lglZrt\ ;dofjlwleq;DkGg ug' {kg] { egL tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ;f];dofjlwleq ;DkGg ug{ g;s]sf] tYonfO{lgj]bsn] gp7fPsf] g} eP klg o; cbfntn]cfkm}+ Goflos hfgsf/Ldf lnO{ pQm ;/sf/Lc;dy{tf / To;;Fu hf]l8Psf] gful/sx¿sf]xssf] ;jfnnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s ljrf/ ug{;Sg] g} x'G5 . t/ k|:t't ljjfbdf ;/sf/Lc;dy{tfaf6 gful/sx¿sf] xsdf kg{hfg]k|lts"n k|efjsf ;DaGwdf ;/sf/sf lhDd]jf/dGqfnox¿ pbf;Lg /x]sf] eGg] b]lvg gcfO{e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! df cfjZos ;+zf]wgu/L hUuf afF8kmfF8 ug]{ ;do;Ldf ;DaGwLpQm P]gsf] Joj:yfnfO{ pko'Qm / Jojxfl/st'Nofpg ;/sf/sf lhDd]jf/ lgsfox¿k|oTgzLn g} /x]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfPsf] 5 .

16151615161516151615

*(!! –*(!! –*(!! –*(!! –*(!! – g]kfn ;/sf/ lj=cf]daxfb'/ /fgf ;d]t

!$= ctM pk/f]Qm ljj]lrt cfwf/ Pj+sf/0fx¿af6 lgj]bsn] r'gf}tL lbPsf] e"ld;DaGwLP]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^3! tyf @^3# sf]k|fjwfg g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]wf/f !(-!_ ;Fu aflemPsf] eGg] b]lvg gcfPsf]/ P]gsf pQm bkmfx¿df cfjZos ;+zf]wg u/L;dofjlw ;DaGwL ljBdfg Joj:yfnfO{ pko'Qm/ Jofjxfl/s t'Nofpg ;/sf/sf lhDd]jf/lgsfox¿ cfkm}+ k|oTgzLn /x]sf] eGg] ;d]tb]lvg cfPsf] cj:yf x'Fbf ljkIfLx¿sf gfddftTsfn s'g} cfb]z hf/L ul//xg kg]{ b]lvPg .t;y{ k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ .ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfOlbg" .

pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}+ .

Gof=sNof0f >]i7Gof=ts{/fh e6[

;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ;fpg #@ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ =Ohnf; clws[t M dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{

lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(!!*(!!*(!!*(!!*(!!

;jf{]Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L

dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{dfggLo GofofwLz >L ts{/fh e§

kmf}=k'=g+= )^*–CF–)))!km};nf ldltM @)^(.%.@*.%

d'2fM– u}+8f df/L vfu laqmL Joj;fo .

k'g/fj]bs jfbLM /]~h/ dfwj v8\sfsf] hfx]/Ln]g]kfn ;/sf/

lj?4k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLM gjnk/f;L lhNnf b]p/fnL

uf=lj=;=j8f g+= ^ a:g] cf]daxfb'/ /fgf;d]t

z'? km};nf ug]{ Mk|d'v ;+/If0f clws[t >L lzj/fh e§

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug]{ Mdf=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{df=Gof=>L kf]ifgfy zdf{

§ cf/f]lkt s;"/ u/]sf] tYodf ;flat eO{Pscsf{nfO{ kf]n;d]t u/L cg';Gwfgclwsf/L / d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIf aofgu/]sf] / pQm aofg Joxf]/f ;h{dLgsfdflg; tyf a/fdbL d 'r 'Nsfsfdflg;x¿sf] askq ;d]taf6 ;dly{tePsf] cj:yfdf ;flatL jofgnfO{k|df0fdf lng ldNg] .

§ k6s k6s u}+8fsf] vfu laqmL u/]sf] /u}+8fsf] vfu cfkm\gf] 3/df g} /fv]sf]b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf /fli6«o lgs'~h tyfjGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf] bkmf!(-!_ sf] s;"/df P]= sf] bkmf @^-!_adf]lhd kfFr jif{ s}b / krf; xhf/¿k}ofF h/Ljfgf x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_

k'g/fj]bs jfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg pkGofoflwjQmf/]jtL/fh lqkf7L

k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfåos[i0f ;fksf]6f / ;ljtf a/fn

&&&&&


16161616161616161616

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g,

@)@( sf] bkmf %-s_, !(-!_, @^-!_

cfb]zGof=;'zLnf sfsL{M o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm

Ohnf;df dfggLo GofofwLzx¿sf jLr /fogldnL ;jf]]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL @)$( sf]lgod #-!_-s_ adf]lhd o; Ohnf;df k]z x'gcfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;FlIfKt tYo Pj+ 7x/o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 M–

lhNnf lrtjg /Tggu/ gu/kflnsfj8f g+= @ a:g] ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L / :ofËhf 3/eO{ xfn lhNnf lrtjg e/tk'/ gu/kflnsfj8f g+= ( ;'Gb/k'/ a:g] ljho eGg] njdNn;d]tn] u+}8f df/L laqmL Joj;fo u5{g\eGg] ;'/fs kfO{ u:tLsf] qmddf lhNnfgjnk/f;Lsf] sfjf;f]tL ahf/df vfu lsGgegL cfPsf] cj:yfdf kqmfp u/L ;f]wk'5 ubf{bf]Unf eGg] l5l/Ë nfdf / ltAjt Nxf;f 3/eO{ sf=g=kf=^ af}4 a:g] tflGhª lgdf tyflhNnf gjnk/f;L b]p/fnL uf=lj=;= $ k'/fgf]a]nxfgL a:g] uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/ ;d]tnfO{kqmfp u/L cfjZos sf/jfxL ul/kfpFm egL /]=dfwj v8\sfsf] ldlt @)^).!.( sf] hfx]/Lk|ltj]bg .

ltAat Nxf;f 3/ atfpg] g]kfnL efiffaf]Ng ghfGg] xfn sf=d=g=kf=j8f g+= ^ af}4df8]/f u/L a:g] tflGhª lgdfnfO{ kqmfp u/L hLpvfgtnf;L ubf{ sfnf] sk8fdf k6'sf h:tf]agfO{ sDd/df afFw]sf] cj:yfdf a/fdb ePsf]?=&,%),))). -cIf]¿kL ;ft nfv krf; xhf/_sf] a/fdbL d'r'Nsfsf] sfuh .

@)%( ;fn df3 dlxgfdf lhNnfgjnk/f;L b]p/fnL–^ a:g] cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/n]u}+8fsf] vfu laqmL u/fOlbg cg'/f]w u/]sf]n]lhNnf lrtjg, e/tk'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= *z/bk'/ a:g] nj dNn;Fu lrghfg ePsf]n]u}+8fsf] vfu lsGg] ;fx" vf]h egL ;'Gb/l;+x7s'/Ldfkm{t\ bf]Unf eGg] l5l/Ë nfdf d]/f] 3/dflj=;+= @)%( kmfu'g !%, !^ ut]lt/ cfO{ dfnx]/L kl5 cfpF5' egL uPsf]df @)%( ;fn r}qdlxgfsf] bf];|f] xKtflt/ nj dNn, l5l/Ë nfdf,;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L, tflGhª lgdf / d;d]t eO{gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] rf]/df/f ahf/ glhsvf]nfdf ?=@,$),))). -cIf]¿kL b'O{ nfv rfnL;xhf/_ df tflGhª lgdfn] u}+8fsf] vfu lsgL d]/f]efudf ?=#),))). cfof] egL lbPsf] /sd d}n]a'em]sf] xf] egL uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/n] lbPsf];flatL aofg .

@)%( ;fn kmfNu'0f dlxgfsf] cGtdfd / ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] lhNnf gjnk/f;L b]p/fnLuf=lj=;=j8f–$ k'/fgf] a]nfgL a:g] uhaxfb'/kmfn du/ / P]=P]= j8f g+= ^ a:g] cf]daxfb'//fgf du/;Fu u}+8fsf] vfu 5 egL yfxf kfO{pQm vfu x]g{ l5l/ª nfdfn] ;fx" tflGhª lgdfnfO{NofO{ ?=@,$),))). -b'O{ nfv rfnL; xhf/_ dflaqmL u/fO lbPafkt ?=!&,%)). -;q xhf/kfFr ;o_ cfkm\gf] efudf kfPsf] / lj=;+= @)^)j}zfv !( ut] k'gM vfu lsGg gjnk/f;LlhNnfsf] sfjf;f]tL ahf/df al;/x]sf] cj:Yffdf;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L / d ;d]tnfO{ /fli6«o lgs'~hsf]u:tL 6f]nLn] kqmfp u/L NofPsf] xf] egL njdNnn] lbPsf] ;flatL aofg .

@)%( ;fn kmfNu'0f dlxgfsf] cGTolt/d / nj dNn eP/ gjnk/f;L lhNnf b]p/fnLuf=lj=;=–$ k'/fgf] a]nfgL a:g] uhaxfb'/ kmfn

16171617161716171617


du/ / P] P] j8f g+= ̂ em\ofnaf; a:g] cf]daxfb'//fgf du/;Fu vfu 5 egL yfxf kfO{ vfu x]g{ d/ nj dNn, l5l/Ë nfdf;d]t eO{ uP/ x]/Ll5l/Ë nfdfn] NofPsf] ltAaltognfO{ b'O{ nfvrfnL; xhf/df a]rL u}8fsf] vfu vl/b laqmLu/fO lbPafkt !@,%)). kfPsf] / ldlt@)^).!.!( ut] k'gM lhNnf gjnk/f;L sfjf;f]tLahf/df vfu lsGg al;/x]sf] cj:Yffdf /f=lg=sf]u:tL 6f]nLn] kqmfp u/L NofPsf] xf] / lj=;+=@)%^ ;fn sflt{s d+l;/lt/ lhNnf lrtjgf=:,/Tggu/ gu/kflnsf lr;f/L ;'s'Daf;L 6f]na:g] RofËjf nfdf;Fu Psj6f af3sf] 5fnf?=@$,))). -rf}la; xhf/_ df lsgL sf7df8f}+3/ atfpg] ;gd nfdfnfO{ ?=#),))). -tL;xhf/_ df laqmL u/]sf] . To:t} u/L @)%* cfiff9,;fpglt/ lhNnf lrtjg lkKn] uf=lj=;= 88'jfa:g] uf]kfn tfdfË;Fu Pp6f lrt'jfsf] 5fnf?=@%)). df lsg]sf], To;}u/L dsjfgk'/ lhNnfdgx/L uf=lj=;=Hofld/] a:g] cIfos'df/ lu/L;Fulrt'jfsf] 5fnf ?=!),))). df lsg]sf], lhNnflrtjg k;f{ ahf/eGbf leq kg]{ wd{k'/ a:g]r]kfË dfOnf;F+u lrt'jfsf] 5fnf ! ?=#%)). dflsgL pQm # j6f lrt'jfsf] 5fnf sf7df8f}+dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= % a:g] bf]Unf elgg]l5l/Ë nfdfnfO{ ?=@^,))). df a]r]sf] xf] egL;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] u/]sf] ;flatL aofg .

dnfO{ ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] u+}8fsf] vfu5 a]lrlbg' k¥of] egL d]/f] 3/df kmf]g u/Leg]sf]n] @)%( ;fn kmfNu'0f dlxgfsf] cGTolt/d}n] tflGhª lgdf;Fu s'/fsfgL ubf{ x'G5 eg]sfn]p;}nfO{ lnO{ gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] sfjf;f]tLdfcfO{ ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L ;d]tsf dflg;nfO{ e]6L;'Gb/sf] df]/;fOsnaf6 gjnk/f;L lhNnfb]p/fnL uf=lj=;= em\ofnaf;df uO{ dfnwgL

cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/ / uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/;d]tnfO{ lnO{ tflGhª lgdf a;]sf] xf]6ndfcfO{ To;kl5 rf]/df/f vf]nfsf] au/df vfux]/L b'O{ nfv rfnL; xhf/df df]n;d]t eO{tflGhË lgdfn] u}+8fsf] vfu lsgL nu]sf] /@)%* ;fn c;f/ ;fpglt/ ;'Gb/sf] 3//Tggu/ gu/kflnsf 6fF8L lrtjgaf6 lrt'jfsf]5fnf # yfg @^,))). df v/Lb u/L sk8fsf]emf]nfdf a]/]/ a;sf] 5tdf /fv]/ nuL sf7df8f}+dxfgukflnsf j8f g+= ^ af}4df 8]/f a:g]tflGhª lgdfnfO{ #),))). df a]rlavg u/]sf]xf] egL bf]Unf elgg] l5l/Ë nfdfn] lbPsf];flatL aofg .

@)%( ;fn kmfu'glt/ l5l/Ë nfdfn]va/ u/]cg';f/ Pp6f u}+8fsf] vfu lhNnfgjnk/f;L rf]/df/f vf]nfsf] au/df ;'Gb/l;+x7s'/L ;d]taf6 ?=@,$),))). -b'O{ nfv rfnL;xhf/_ df lnPsf] / @)%* ;fn c;f/lt/l5l/ª nfdf;Fu #),))). df lrt'jfsf] 5fnftLg yfg lnPsf] xf] . ldlt @)^).!.!( ut] d/ l5l/Ë nfdf vfu lsGg gf/fo0fu9sf] xf]6ndfal;/x]sf] ;dodf /f=lg=sf] u:tL 6f]nLn] kqmfpu/L d;Fu ePsf] &,%),))). -;ft nfv krf;xhf/_ a/fdb ePsf]df ^,)),))). -5 nfv_Nxf;f a:g] 6f;Ln] u}+8fsf] vfu lsGg k7fPsf] /!,%),))). -Ps nfv krf; xhf/_ d} cfkm}+n]u}8fsf] vfu lsGg nufPsf] xf] egL tflGhªlgdfn] bf]efif]sf] ¿kdf lgh;Fu} kqmfp k/]sfl5l/Ë nfdfaf6 ;xfos ;+/If0f clws[tsf]/f]xj/df lbPsf] ;flatL aofg .

gjnk/f;L lhNnf b]p/fnL uf=lj=;=j8fg+= $ k'/fgf] a]nfgL a:g] uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/;d]tsf JolQmx¿ a]nfa]nfdf sfjf;f]tL ahf/dfcfjthfjt u/L lxFl8/x]sf] b]v]sf] xf] egL lhNnf


16181618161816181618

gjnk/f;L lk7f}nL uf=lj=;=j8f g+= * a:g]ledgf/fo0f e';fn;d]tn] u/]sf] ;h{dLg d'r'Nsf .

k|ltjfbL uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/, nj dNn/ ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Lsf] 3/ vfgtnf;L ubf{jGohGt'sf] s'g} klg cv+]6f]kxf/ km]nf gk/]sf]eGg] ldlt @)^).@.(sf] 5'§f5'§} vfgtnf;Ld'r'Nsf .

lhNnf gjnk/f;L, b]p/fnL uf=lj=;=j8fg+= $ k'/fgf] a]nfgL ufpFm a:g] uhaxfb'/ kmfndu/;d]t hgf !@ sf k|ltjfbLx¿n] lagfOhfht ;+/lIft jGohGt' u}+8fsf] vfu ;d]tsfcfv]6f]kxf/ laqmL ljt/0f u/L /f=lg=tyf jGohGt';+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf] bkmf !( sf] s;"/ ck/fwu/ ]sf ] b ] lvgcfPaf6 lj?4 v08sfk|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd;hfosf] dfubfjL lnO{ d'2f rnfpg], cv]6f]kxf/v/Lbsf] nflu a/fdb ePsf] /sd bzL k|df0fsf]¿kdf cleof]ukq ;fy k]z ug]{ ;fy} ltAat3/ atfpg] 6f;L eGg] JolQm / hl8a'6L a]Rg];'dg ef]6]sf] xsdf :ki6 gfd y/ jtg v'n]sfavt sfg"gadf]lhd ug]{ u/L d'2f rnfpg] egLlhNnf ;/sf/L jsLnsf] sfof{no lrtjgsflhNnf GofoflwjQmf /fh]Gb|s'df/ >]i7af6 ePsf]lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk;lxtsf] ldlt @)^).@.!@ sf]kq .

cleof ]ukqsf ] lj?4 v08sfk|ltjfbLx¿n] /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt';+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf] bkmf %-s_ / !(-!_ sf]s;"/ ck/fw u/]sf] k'li6 ePsf]n] ;f]xL P]gsf]bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd ;hfo ul/kfpFm egL k]zul/Psf] cleof]u dfubfjL .

kl5 kqmfp k/L cfPsf k|=cf]daxfb'//fgf du/n] cfkm"n] lj=;+=@)%$ ;fn, @)%(;fn c;f]h / @)%( ;fn k';;d]t u/L tLg

k6s u}+8fsf] vfu ljqmL Joj;fodf ;+nUg ePsf]xf] egL sfof{nosf] Ohnf;;dIf u/]sf] aofg /k'k{Ifsf] lgldQ y'gfdf /fVg] u/L ldlt @)^).%.!@df z'? sfof{nosf] Ohnf;af6 ePsf] cfb]z .

kl5 kqmfp k/L cfPsf csf{ k|= Rofªjfelgg] lbnaxfb'/ nfdfn] cfk'mnfO{ k|= ;'Gb/l;+x7s'/Ln] af3sf] 5fnf lqj]0fLaf6 lrjtgsf]e/tk'/df cf];f/L lbg'k¥of] eg]sf]n] lrtjge/tk'/sf] SofDk; u]6;Dd NofOlbPsf] /?=@%)). -b'O{ xhf/ kfFr ;o_ lnPsf] x'F egLaofg u/]sf]n] lghnfO{ k"k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf/fVg] u/L z'? sfof{nosf] Ohnf;af6 ePsf]ldlt @)^!.!.@ sf] cfb]z .

;h{dLg d'r'Nsfdf a:g] jL/axfb'/ yf¿,eLdgf/fo0f e';fn, ;Ltf/fd e';fn / v]dgf/fo0fyf¿ ;d]tn] z'? sfof{nosf] Ohnf;;dIf u/]sf]5'§f5'§} askq .

hfx]/jfnf tyf a/fdbL d'r'Nsfdf sfdtfd]n ug]{ /]=dfwj v8\sfn] z'? sfof{nosf]Ohnf;;dIf u/]sf] askq .

k|ltjfbLx¿ qmdzM uf]kfn tfdfË,cIfos'df/ lu/L, r]kfª dflxnf / dfgaxfb'/tfdfË;d]tsf] gfddf hf/L ePsf] ;Dffx\jfgDofb /Ltk"j{s tfd]n eO{ ldl;n ;+nUg /x]sf] .

k|ltjfbLx¿ uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/,;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L, nj dNn / l5l/Ë nfdf;d]tn] u/]sf] ;flatL aofg Pj+ a/fdbLd'r'Nsfdf sfd tfd]n ug]{ / hfx]/jfnf /]~h/dfwj v8\sf / j]baxfb'/ v8\sf;d]tn]sfof{nosf] Ohnf;;dIf cfO{ askq u/]sf],;h{dLg d'r'Nsfsf dflg;x¿n] ;d]t z'?dfu/]sf] sfuhnfO{ ;dy{g u/L sfof{no;dIfaskq u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] k|=cf]daxfb'/ /fgfdu/n] /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f

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P]g, @)@( sf] bkmf !(-!_ sf] s;"/ u/]sf]:ki6 x'Fbf ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd !)jif{ s}b x'g] 7x5{ / k|= uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/n]/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@(sf] bkmf !(-!_ sf] s;"/ u/]sf] :ki6 ePsf]n];f]xL P]gsf] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd !) jif{ s}bx'g] 7x5{ . k|ltjfbL ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] P]= P]gsf]bkmf !(-!_ sf] s;"/ u/]sf] :ki6 ePsf]n];f]xL P]gsf] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd !@ jif{ s}b /?=%),))). h/Ljfgf x'g] 7x5{ . k|= RofªafeGg] lbnaxfb'/ /fgfn] P] P]gsf] bkmf !(-!_sf] s;"/ u/]sf]n] P]= P]gsf] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd% jif{ s}b x'g] 7x5{ . k|ltjfbL l5l/Ë nfdfn]P] P]gsf] bkmf !(-!_ sf] s;"/ u/]sf] :ki6 x'gcfPsf]n] P] P]gsf] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd % jif{s}b / ?=!,)),))). h/Ljfgf x'g] 7x5{ . k|=ljho elgg] nj dNnn] P]= P]gsf] bkmf !(-!_sf] s;"/ u/]sf] :ki6 ePsf]n] ;f]xL P]gsf]bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd ?=!,)),))). h/Ljfgfx'g] 7x5{ . k|= uf]kfn tfdfË, cIfos'df/ lu/L,r]kfª dflxnf / dfgaxfb'/ tfdfªn] P] P]gsf]bkmf !(-!_ sf] s;"/ u/]sf] :ki6 ePsf]n];f]xL P]gsf] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd hgxL?=!,)),))). h/Ljfgf x'g] 7x5{ . :ki6 7]ufgfgv'n]sf] sf7df8f}+ 3/ atfpg] ;gd nfdfsf]xsdf jtg v'n]sf] avt k]z ug'{ . k|=tflGhªlgdfnfO{ sfof{noaf6 dfu ePsf] gub w/f}6a'emfO{ tfl/vd} /x]sf] cj:yfdf d[uf}nf /sn]hf]sf] pkrf/ ubf{ub}{ ;g\ @))# l8;]Dj/( tfl/vsf] lbg d[To' ePsf] egL d[To' k|df0fkqsf];fy} pkrf/ u/fPsf] cGo sfuhftx¿ lghtflGhª lgdfsf] >LdtL 8f]dfn] sfof{nodfhfgsf/L u/fPsf]n] c=j+= !&^ g+= adf]lhdu}x« d'2fdf cleof]u nfu]sf] dflg; km};nf

gx'Fb} d¥of] eg] ;f] dg]{nfO{ vtaft nfUb}g eGg]ePsf] x'Fbf lghaf6 a/fdbL ?=&,%),))). /yk w/f}6 ?=!,)),))). dWo] ?=!,)),))).w/f}6 ;b/ :ofxf u/L afFsL w/f}6L lghsf]xsbf/ jf xsbf/n] d~h"/gfdf lbO{ k7fPsf]JolQmnfO{ lbg' eGg] zfxL lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsfof{no s;/f, lrtjgsf] ldlt @)^!.^.!!sf] lg0f{o .

zfxL lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{no;f}/fxf, lrtjgn] xfdL k|ltjfbLdWo]sfcf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/nfO{ /fli6«o lgs'~h tyfjGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf] bkmf !( -!_sf] s;"/df P] P]gsf] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd !)jif{ s}b x'g] 7x/fPsf], d k|= uhaxfb'/ kmfndu/nfO{ P] P]gsf] bkmf !(-!_ sf] s;"/df P]sf] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd !) jif{ s}b x'g] / d;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/LnfO{ P] P]gsf] bkmf !(-!_ sf]s;"/df P] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd !@ jif{ s}b /?=%),))). h/Ljfgf x'g] 7x¥ofPsf] km};nfpk/lrQ a'em]g . z'? lg0f{o ubf{ lg0f{ostf{n] af/Daf/pNn]v u/]sf] a/fdbL d'r'Nsf tflGhª lgdfsf]z/L/af6 a/fdb ePsf] ¿k}of e} z'?n] pQm¿k}ofF lkmtf{ lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] eP klg of] P]bkmf !( ;Fu ;DjlGwt j:t' ge} @)^).!.!(sf] ldltnfO{ a/fdbL ldlt dfg]sf] eP klg;f]xL lbg s'g} sfd gePsf] cj:yf 5 .@)^).@.( sf] vfgtnf;L d'r'Nsfdf s]xLe]l6Psf] 5}g . c:ki6 lj/f]wfefifo'Qm / cleof]u:yflkt g} ug{ g;s]sf] jf/bft, ldlt, ;do /:yfgsf] k|s[lt gv'n]sf] /]~h/ dfwj v8\sfsf]k|ltj]bg bfjL k|dfl0ft ug]{ jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf]:ki6 ;a"b k|df0fsf] cefjdf ;d]t xfdLnfO{P] bkmf !(-!_ sf] s;"/df P] bkmf @^-!_adf]lhd s}b tyf h/Ljfgf ug]{ 7x/fPsf] z'?sf]


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lg0f{o ;/sf/L d'2f ;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf]bkmf #,&,(,!),# tyf /fli6«o lgs'~h tyfjGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf] bkmf @#, #);d]tsf ] ljk/Lt / ;DdfgLt ;jf ] { Rrcbfntaf6 k|ltkflbt sfg"gL l;4fGt ;d]tsf]ljk/Lt e} q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ;kmfO lbnfOkfpFmeGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/,uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/ / ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Lsf];+o'Qm k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ .

dfl/Psf] elgPsf] u}+8f slxn], s'g 7fpFdfs] s;/L df/L slxn] s] sxfF To;sf] vfu laqmLul/Psf] xf] v'Ng gcfO{ k'g/fj]bssf] ;flatLaofg cGo :jtGq k|df0faf6 k'li6 ePsf]gb]lvPsf], ¿k}ofF a/fdbL d'r'Nsfsf dflg;;d]tga'lemPsf] cj:Yffdf lghnfO{ s;"/bf/ egL ;hfoug]{ u/]sf] z'?sf] km};nf km/s kg{;Sg] b]lvFbf5nkmnsf] lgldQ ljkIfL lemsfO{ lgodfg';f/k]z ug'{ eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, x]6f}+8fsf] ldlt@)^@.*.!( sf] cfb]z .

k|:t't d'2fsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ cfkm} +cg';Gwfgstf{ / cfkm}+ jfbL clg cfkm+} lg0f{ostf{x'g] ePsf]n] cg';Gwfg / sfof{nodf ePsfk|ltjfbLx¿sf] s;"/sf] ;flatL / ;xcleo'Qmsf]kf]n cGo :jtGq, e/kbf]{ / k|ToIf k|df0faf6kl/k'li6 ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq k|df0f u|fx\ox'g;S5 t/ k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bssf] ;f];flatL / kf]n cGo s'g} klg :jtGq /lgZrofTds k|df0faf6 ;dly{t x'g;s]sf]b]lvFb}g . ;xcleo'Qmsf] kf]n cGo :jtGqk|df0faf6 k'li6 x'gkg]{ -g]sfk @)%%, cÍ (,lg=g+= ^^)!_ kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf cleo'QmdflynufOPsf] cf/f]k jfbL kIfn] k"0f{¿kn] k|dfl0ftug'{k5{ -g]sfk @)$&, cÍ $, lg=g+= $!##,k[i7 #&*_ / s;"/ k|dfl0ft ug]{ k|df0fx¿

laNs'n} z+sf/lxt x'g'k5{ z+sfsf] e/df dfqs;"/ sfod ug{ ldNb}g -g]sfk @)$%, cÍ,$ lg=g+= #$@!, k[= #$&_ egL ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rrcbfntaf6 l;4fGt;d]t k|ltkfbg ePsf]cj:yfnfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ jf/bft:yn, jf/bftldlt / ;do;d]t k|i6¿kdf ls6fg gu/L/]~h/n] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df cg';Gwfgu/L ;flatLnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ cGo k|df0fsf]cefjdf k|ltjfbLx¿ ;flatL ePsf] eGg] e/dfdfq s;"/bf/ sfod ug'{ kmf}hbf/L Gofosf]dfGo l;4fGt;d]tn] ldNg] b]lvFb}g . k|:t'td'2fdf ck/fw slxn] sxfF eof] eGg] s'/f klgjfbL kIfn] b]vfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . sf]/f ;flatLn]dfq k|ltjfbLnfO{ s;"/bf/ 7x/ ug{ gldNg]egL ;DdfgLt ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 k6sk6sl;4fGt k|ltkfbg ePsf];d]t cj:yf 5 .kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf cleo'Qmsf] s;"/ k|dfl0ftug]{ ef/ k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf @% cg';f/jfbLdf /xg] ef/ xf] . k|:t't d'2fsf] k'g/fj]bssf];Gbe{df s;"/;Fu ;DaGw g/fVg] vfnsf] a/fdbLd'r'Nsf, s;"/;Fu ;DjlGwt cv]6f]kxf/ km]nfgk/]sf] eGg] vfgtnf;L d'r'Nsf, jf/bft b]vf];'g]sf] ;Dd eGg g;s]sf] ;h{dLgsf JolQmsf]askq ;d]tsf ldl;n ;+nUg s;"/ k|dfl0ftx'g g;Sg] tYosf cfwf/df sf]/f ;flatLsf]e/df k'g/fj]bsx¿ pk/sf] bfjL jfbLn]z+sf/lxt tj/n] k|dfl0ft ug{ ;s]sf] eGgdfGg ldNg] b]lvFb}g . t;y{ dfly pNn]v ul/Psfldl;n ;+nUg tYo / k|df0fsf] ljj]rgfsf]cfwf/df cleof]u bfjL k|dfl0ft x'g g;s]sf]cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bsx¿nfO{ ;kmfO lbg'kg]{dfs;"/bf/ 7x/ u/L ;hfo u/]sf] z'?sf] ldlt@)^!.^.!! sf] lg0f{o ldn]sf] gb]lvFbf pN6L e}k'g/fj]bsx¿ cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/, uhaxfb'/

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kmfn du/ / ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] cleof]u bfjLaf6;kmfO kfpg] 7x5{ eGg] Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] ldlt @)^#.*.$ sf] km};nf .

k|ltjfbLx¿n] Pscfk;df k/:k/ kf]nub}{ cfk"mx¿n] cf/f]lkt s;"/ u/]sf] egL d'2fx]g]{ clwsf/L;dIf jf/bftsf] ;fn, dlxgf;d]tpNn]v ub}{ 36gfqmdsf] lrq0f u/L oyfy{ ¿kdf;flat eO{ aofg u/]sf / ldl;n;+nUg hfx]/L,a'lemPsf dflg;x¿sf] egfO Joxf]/f ;d]taf6;f] ;flatL Pj+ ;xcleo'Qmsf] kf]n ;dly{teO/x]sf] cj:Yffdf ;f]sf] d"NofÍg gu/Lk|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ cf/f]lkt s;"/af6 ;kmfO lbg]7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] km};nfq ' l6k "0f { ePsf ]n ] ;f ] km };nf ab/ u/Lk|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ cleof]u dfubfjL adf]lhd ;hfoul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf]o; cbfntdf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgkq .

k|ltjfbLx¿ tLg}hgf cf]daxfb'/ /fgf,uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/ / ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/LnfO{/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]gsf]bkmf %s / bkmf !(-!_ sf] s;"/df bkmf @^-!_ sf] ;hfo ul/kfpFm egL cleof]ukq bfo/ePsf]df z'? km};nf pN6L u/L k'g/fj]bgcbfntn] ;kmfO lbPpk/ k|:t't k'g/fj]bg kg{cfPsf] b]lvof] . k|ltjfbLx¿ tLg}hgfn] d'2f x]g]{clwsf/L;dIf cfk"mn] ck/fw u/]sf] egL ;flatx'Fb} aofg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . Ps kIfn] nufPsf]cleof]u csf]{ kIfn] d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIflnlvt ¿kdf :jLsf/L ;flat ePdf k|df0fa'lem/xg gkg]{ egL k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf$ / c=j+= !*$ -s_ g+= df Joj:yf ePsf]b]lvG5 . d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIf hfgLa'emL s;"/;sf/ u/]sf]df yk k|df0f a'lem/xg kb}{g . ;f]d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L / c•f tTsfnLg ;+ljwfg

@)$& sf] wf/f *$ cGtu{t vf; k|s[ltsf] d'2fx]g{ sfg"gadf]lhd ul7t Specialised Court xf] .;+ljwfg / sfg"gn] d'2f x]g]{ s'g} vf; lgsfotf]s]]sf]df To:tf] lgsfo klg cbfnt ;/xs}d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L xf] . ;+ljwfg, sfg"g :ki6x'Fbfx'Fb} / k|ltjfbLx¿ d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIfcfk"mnfO{ nfu]sf] cleof]udf ;flat x'FbfxF'b} klgsfg"gadf]lhd tf]lsPsf] d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Lsf]clwsf/If]q / sfo{ljlwdf g} unt cy{ u/Lk|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ ;kmfO lbg] u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf km/s kg]{ b]lvFbf 5nkmnsfnflu k|ToyL{ lemsfO{ k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf]ldlt @)^$.*.!$ sf] cfb]z .

dnfO{ kqmfp u/L lx/f;tdf /fvL8/wfs wDsL lbO{ aGb's phfO{ s'6kL6 u/Loftgf lbO{ aofg k9L afFrL g;'gfO{ hj/\h:tc:L;lx5fk u/fOPsf] xf] . ;xcleo'Qmx¿nfO{ klgo;} u/L ;flat u/fO{ p:t} Joxf]/fdf ;lx5fku/fOPsf] xf] . ;f] afx]s cf/f]lkt s;"/ :yflktug]{ cGo s'g} :jtGq k|df0f jfbL kIfn] k]z ug{g;s]sf] cj:Yffdf z'? km};nf pN6L u/L cleof]udfubfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbg] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] km};nf sfg"g;Ddt ePsf]n];b/ ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbLx¿cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/, uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/ /;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] o; cbfntdf r9fPsf] 5'§f5'§}lnlvt k|ltjfb .

k|ltjfbLx¿n] cf/f]lkt s;"/ u/]sf]s'/fdf ;flat eO{ Pscsf{nfO{ kf]n;d]t u/Lcg';Gwfg clwsf/L / d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIfu/]sf] aofg lghx¿n] k/:k/ u/]sf] aofg /;h{dLgsf dflg; tyf a/fdbL d'r'Nsfsfdflg;x¿sf] askq ;d]taf6 ;dly{t ePsf]b]lvPsf] / k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf $-!_-s_


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tyf (-!_ adf]lhd d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIflghx¿n] u/]sf] ;flatL jofgnfO{ lghx¿sflj?4 k|df0fdf lng ldNg] b]lvFbf k|ToyL{k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ cleof]u dfubfjLaf6 ;kmfOlbg] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] km};nfpN6L eO{ k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLdWo]sf cf]daxfb'/ /fgfdu/n] # k6s;Dd u+}8fsf] vfu laqmL u/]sf]eGg] b]lvPsf] / k|:t't d'2fdf ;d]t u}+8fsf] vfulghn] cfk"m;Fu} cfkm\gf] 3/df g} /fv]sf] b]lvPsf]x'Fbf lghnfO{ /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0fP]g, @)@( sf] bkmf !(-!_ sf] s;"/df P] sf]bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd kfFr jif{ s}b / krf;xhf/ ¿k}ofF h/Ljfgf x'g] 7x5{ . cGo k|ToyL{k|ltjfbLx¿ uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/ / ;'Gb/l;+x7s'/Ln] u}+8fsf] vfu cfkm\gf] ;Fu;fy /fv]sf]eGg] b]lvg gcfPsf] / lghx¿ k|ltjfbLcf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/sf] ;Fu;fy /x]sf] vfulaqmL ug{sf nflu u|fxs vf]hL ug]{ sfddf;+nUg /x]sf] b]lvPsf] x'Fbf lgh k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/ / ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/LnfO{/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@(sf] bkmf !(-!_ sf] s;"/df ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd hgxL Ps nfv ¿k}ofF h/Ljfgf x'g]7x5{ . k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ cleof]udfubfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbg] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt x]6f}}8fsf] OG;fkm ;b/ ug]{ u/]sf] ;xsdL{dfggLo GofofwLz >L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nfsf]/fo;Fu ;xdt gePsf]n] ;jf] {Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #-!_-s_ adf]lhdk"0f{ Ohnf;df k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf];+o'Qm Ohnf;df ;DdfggLo k|wfgGofofwLz >L/fdk|;fb >]i7n] JoQm ug'{ePsf] /fo .

k|:t't d'2f /fli6«o lgs'~h tyfjGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf] bkmf #) /

#! cg';f/ tTsfnLg zfxL lrtjg /fli6«olgs'~h sfof{nosf /]~h/af6 cg';GwfgtxsLsft u/L d'2f bfo/ eO{ ;f]xL sfof{nosfk|d'v ;+/If0f clws[taf6 km};nf ePsf]b ] lvG5 . o;/L d'2fsf ] cg';Gwfgstf { ,cleof]hgstf{ / lg0f{ostf{ ;d]t Pp6} lgsfo/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] lgsfosf cg';Gwfgclwsf/L / d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIf ePsf]k | ltj fb Lx¿sf ] ; f lat L ao fg /;xcleo'Qmx¿sf] kf]nnfO{ k|df0fdf u|x0f ubf{;fjwfgLk"j{s ljrf/ ul/g'kb{5 . To:tf];flatL / ;xcleo'Qmsf] kf]n ldl;n;+nUgcGo :jtGq / j:t'lgi7 k|df0faf6 ;dly{tePsf] cj:yfdf k|df0fdf u|fx\o x'G5 t/ k|:t'td'2fdf k|ltjfbLx¿n] z'? sfof{nodf u/]sf];flatL aofg / k/:k/ u/]sf] kf]n ldl;n;+nUg cGo s'g} klg 7f]; ;a"b k|df0faf6;dly{t ePsf] cj:yf b]lvFb}g . d'v ;flatx'g' / ck/fw ug'{ km/skm/s s'/f x'g\ .ck/fwhGo sfo{ eP u/]sf] k|df0faf6 k'li6 /;dly {t ePdf dfq s;"/bf/ 7x¥ofO {cleo'QmnfO{ ;hfo ul/G5 . kmf}hbf/L Gofol;4fGtsf] :yflkt dfGotf klg oxL xf] .lagf bzL k|df0fsf] ;flatL slxNo} klgcfk/flws sfo{ x'Fb}g / b08gLo klg x'Fb}g .olb To:tf] ;flatL dfqnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ck/fwu/]s} xf] egL cfTdut ;f]rfO{ /fvL gful/snfO{b08 ub}{ hfg] xf] eg] JolQmsf df}lns xs,sfg"gL xs / k|df0f sfg"gsf k|fjwfgx¿ ;a}lg:t]h / lgliqmo x'G5g\ . clg To:tfefjfj]zk"0f{ lg0f{ox¿af6 Gofosf :yflkt dfGol;4fGtx¿ w/fzfoL x'G5g\, h'g sfg"gL /fHodf3fts l;4 x'G5 . To;}n] g} k|df0f P]g @)#!sf] bkmf @% df ækmf}hbf/L d'2fdf cleo'Qmsf]

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s;"/ k|dfl0ft ug]{ ef/ jfbLsf] x'g]5Æ egLk|df0fsf] ef/sf] :ki6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] .k|To]s cleo'Qmsf] ;flatL j:t'ut k|df0f,:jtGq k|df0f / kl/l:ylthGo k|df0fx¿sf]>[ª\vnf;lxtsf] s8L;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'g'k5{ .k|:t't d'2fdf, To:tf s'g} klg k|df0f slyt;flatL;Fu hf]l8Psf 5}gg\, k]z ePsf 5}gg\/ k/:k/sf kf]n;Fu d]n klg vfFb}gg\ . To;f]x'Fbf /fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{nosf cg';Gwfgclwsf/ L / d ' 2 f x ]g ] { c lwsf/ L;dIfk|ltjfbLx¿n] u/]sf] elgPsf] ;flatL aofgafx]s lghx¿ lj?4sf] cf/f]lkt s;"/ k'li6x'g] cGo s'g} :jtGq / j:t'lgi7 k|df0f jfbLkIfn] k]z ug{ ;s]sf] gb]lvFbf To:tf] ;flatL/ kf]n dfqsf] cfwf/df k|ltjfbLx¿n] cf/f]lkts;"/ u/]sf] 7x¥ofO{ ;hfo ug{ ldNg] b]lvgcfPg . ctPj k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ s;"/bf/7x¥ofPsf] z'? zfxL lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsfof{nosf] lg0f{o pN6L u/L lghx¿nfO{cleof]u dfubfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbg] u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] ldlt @)^#.*.$sf] km};nf dgfl;j b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ .jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug;Sb}g . k'g/fj]bg gug]{ cGo k|ltjfbLx¿ljho eGg] nj dNn, bf]Unf eGg] l5l/Ënfdf, tflGhË lgdf, Rofª\af nfdf, uf]kfntfdfª, cIfos'df/ lu/L, r]kfª dfOnf /dfgaxfb'/ tfdfªsf xsdf ;d]t slyt;flatL / k/:k/sf] kf]nafx]s cf/f]lkt s;"/k'li6 x'g] cGo s'g} :jtGq Pj+ 7f]; k|df0fjfbL kIfn] k]z bflvn ug{ ;s]sf] cj:yfgb]lv Fbf c=j+= @)% g+= adf ] lhd lghk|ltjfbLx¿n] ;d]t cleof]u dfubfjLaf6;kmfO kfpg] 7x5{ . k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{

cleof]u dfubfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbPsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] km};nf pN6L ug]{ u/]sf];DdfggLo k|wfgGofofwLzHo"sf] /fo;Fu ;xdtgePsf]n] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$(sf] lgod #-!_-s_ adf]lhd k"0f{ Ohnf;dfk]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sfdfggLo GofofwLz >L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nfn]JoQm ug'{ePsf] /fo .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L k]zx'gcfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] k'g/fj]bg;lxtsf] ;Dk"0f{ldl;n cWoog ul/of] .

k'g/fj]bs jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg\ pkGofoflwjQmf >L /]jlt/fhlqkf7Ln] ljwflosfåf/f lgld{t sfg"gn] k|bfgu/]sf] If]qflwsf/ cGtu{t clwsf/;DkGglgsfon] d'2f x]/L lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . To;}n]lg0f{o ug]{ lgsfosf] ;Ifdtf / j}wtfdfcbfntn] z+sf ug{ ldNb}g . k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿cf/f]lkt s;"/ u/]sf] s'/fdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/L/ d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIf ;flat /x]sf] cj:Yffdflghx¿nfO{ cleof]u dfubfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbgldNb}g . t;y{ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf]k m };nf pN6L ug ] { u/ ]sf ] ;DdfggLok|wfgGofofwLzHo"sf] /fo ;b/ x'g'kb{5 egLax; ug'{eof] . k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLsf tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg\ clwjQmfåo >L s[i0f ;fksf]6f/ >L ;ljtf a/fnn] ;flatL k|df0fdf u|fx\o g}x'Fb}g eGg] xf]Og t/ ;flatLsf] ljZj;gLotfsfljifodf cbfnt uDeL/ x'g'kb{5 . k|:t't d'2fsf]cg';Gwfg ug]{, cleof]hg ug]{ / km};nf ug]{lgsfo Pp6} ePsf] x'Fbf o:tf] k|s[ltsf] c4{Gofloslgsfodf ePsf] ;flatLnfO{ k|df0fdf u|x0f ubf{cbfntn] ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' kb{5 . k|:t'td'2fdf k|ltjfbLx¿sf] ;flatLafx]s c? s'g}


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7f]; ;a"t k|df0f jfbL kIfn] k]z ug{ ;s]sf]cj:yf 5}g . o;/L c4{Goflos lgsfodf ePsf]elgPsf] ;flatLnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ cGo :jtGqk|df0fsf] cefj /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] ;flatLdfqsf] cfwf/df s;"/bf/ 7x/ ug{ gldNg] x'Fbfk|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLnfO{ cf/f]lkt s;"/af6 ;kmfOlbg] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf]km};nf ;b/ ug]{ u/]sf] dfggLo GofofwLz >Ldf]xgk|sfz l;6f}nfsf] /fo ;b/ x'g'kb{5 egLax; ug'{eof] .

plNnlvt ax;;d]t ;'gL lg0f{otkm{ljrf/ ubf{, k|ltjfbLx¿n] Ps l;+u] u}+8f df/Lu}+8fsf] vfu laqmL Joj;fodf ;+nUg eO{ /fli6«olgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf]bkmf %-s_ / !( sf] s;"/ ck/fw u/]sfn]lghx¿nfO{ ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd;hfo ul/kfpFm eGg] cleof]u dfubfjL /x]sf]b]lvG5 .

/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0fP]g, @)@( sf] bkmf %-s_ df clwsf/ k|fKtclwsf/Laf6 lnlvt cg'dlt glnO{ s;}n] /fli6«olgs'~hleq jGohGt'sf] lzsf/ ug{ gx'g] k|fjwfg/x]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} pQm P]gsf] bkmf !( sf]pkbkmf -!_ df tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Laf6 OhfhtkqglnO{ s'g} klg JolQmn] cv]6f]kxf/sf] laqmLljt/0f ug{ jf s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f8L lbg jfcv]6f]kxf/;DjGwL s'g} Joj;fo ug{ kfpg] 5}geGg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

@= k|:t't d'2fdf cg';Gwfg clwsf/LzfxL lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{no s;/fsf/]~h/;dIf k|ltjfbLdWo]sf ljho dNn elgg]nj dNnn] aofg ubf{ d / ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/LeO{ cf]daxfb'/ du/;Fu ePsf] u}+8fsf] vfusfjf;f]tL h+undf x]/L bf]Unf eGg] l5l/Ë

nfdfnfO{ vfu laqmL ug]{ of]hgfcg';f/ lghl5l/Ën] ;fy}df lnP/ cfPsf] ltAjltognfO{?=@,$),))). df vfu a]r]sf] xf ], vfua]lrlbPafkt d}n] ?=!&,%)).– kfPsf] x'F egLaofg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} k|ltjfbL ;'Gb/l;+x7s'/Ln] aofg ubf{ @)%( ;fn kmfu'g clGtdlt/d / nj dNn eO{ uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/ /cf]daxfb'/ du/;Fu u}+8fsf] vfu 5 eGg] yfxfkfO{ bf]Unf eGg] l5l/Ë nfdf;d]t eO{ vfu x]/L;f] vfu l5l/Ë nfdfn] NofPsf] ltAaltognfO{?=@,$),))). df a]r]sf ] xf ] , ;f ] vfua]lrlbPafkt d}n] ?=!@,%)). kfPsf] xf], @)%^;fn sflt{s d+l;/lt/ d}n] Rofª\jf nfdf;Fuaf3sf] 5fnf lsgL ;gd nfdfnfO{ ?=#),))).–df a]r]sf] lyPF, @)%* ;fpglt/ lrt'jfsf]5fnf uf]kfn tfdfª;Fu ?=@,%)).–df /cIfos'df/ lu/L;Fu ?=!),))).–df lsgL pQm5fnfx¿ bf ]unf eGg] l5l/ª nfdfnfO {?=@^,))).– df a]r]sf] lyPF egL aofg u/]sf]b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbL uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/n] aofgubf{ @)%$ ;fn r}q t];|f] xKtflt/ cf]daxfb'//fgf du/n] d;Fu u}+8fsf] vfu 5 lsGg] dfG5]vf]h eg]sf]n] d}n] vf]h]sf] ;'dg ef]6]nfO{?=@,*),))).– df vfu a]r]sf] xf], ;f]afktcf]daxfb'/n] dnfO{ ?=@*))).– lbPsf] lyof] .@)%( r}q bf];|f] xKtflt/ nj dNn, l5l/Ënfdf, ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L / gfd yfxf gePsf]ltAaltog;d]t vfu lsga]rdf ;+nUg eO{d}n] cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/nfO{ ;"rgf u/L lghn]NofPsf] vfu ?=@,$),))). df laqmL u/]sf] xf]/ d}n] ?=#),))). kfPsf] xf] egL aofg u/]sf]kfOG5 . To:t} k|ltjfbL l5l/Ë nfdfn] aofgubf{ ;'Gb/l;+ 7s'/Ln] u}+8fsf] vfu af3sf] 5fnf5 egL kmf]g u/]sf]n] @)%* ;fnsf] ;fpglt/

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d}n] ?=@^,))).– df v/Lb u/L tflGhªlgdfnfO{ ?=#),))).– df a]r]sf] x'F . @)%(;fn kmfu'g clGtdlt/ km]l/ ;'Gb/l;+n] kmf]gu/]sf]n] d}n] tflGhª lgdf;Fu s'/f u/L ;'Gb/l;+x7s'/L;d]t eO{ ?=@,$),))). df u}+8fsf] vfuv/Lb laqmL u/]sf] xf], dfn ldnfOlbPafktdnfO{ tflGhª lgdfn] ?=@%,))). lbPsf] xf]egL aofg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLdWo]sf ltAat3/ ePsf tflGhª lgdfn] aofg ubf{ @)%(;fn kmfu'glt/ l5l/ª nfdfn] va/ u/]cg';f/rf]/df/f vf]nfsf] au/df ;'Gb/l;+ 7s'/Laf6?=@,$),))).– df u}+8fsf] vfu v/Lb u/]sf]x' F, @)%* ;fn c;f/lt/ l5l/ª nfdf;Fu?=#),))).– df # j6f lrt'jfsf] 5fnf lnPsf]xf], d}n] 6f;LnfO{ # j6f lrt'jfsf] 5fnf?=^),))).– df / u}+8fsf] vfu ?=#,)),))).–df a]r]sf] x'F . daf6 a/fdb ePsf] ?=&,%),))).dWo] !,%),))). d}n] xfn]sf] / afFsL /sdu+}8fsf] vfu lsGg egL ltAat Nxf;f a:g] 6f;Ln]dnfO{ lbPsf] xf] egL aofg u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

#= d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L zfxL lrtjg /fli6«olgs'~h sfof{nosf k|d'v ;+/If0f clws[t ;dIfaofg ug]{ qmddf k|ltjfbL ljho dNn elgg]nj dNnn] @)%( df3lt/ uhaxfb'/ kmfndu/n] u}+8fsf] vfu a]lrlbg' k¥of] eg]sf] x'Fbfd}n] ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/LnfO{ ;f] s'/f eg]sf] /;'Gb/l;+xn] l5l/Ë nfdfnfO{ af]nfO{ xfdLuhaxfb'/sf] 3/df vfu x]g{ uof}+ . uhaxfb'/n]cf]daxfb'/nfO{ va/ u/]kl5 cf]daxfb'/n] vfulnP/ cfP . ?=#,)),))). df lsga]r ug]{ s'/feof] . @)%( r}q dlxgfdf l5l/Ë / tflGhªsf7df8f}+af6 cfPkl5 xfdL ̂ hgf eO{ rf]/df/fvf]nfsf] au/df a;L ?=@,$),))). df u}8fsf]vfu tflGhª lgdfn] lsg]sf] xf] . vfu lsga]r

u/fOlbP afkt cf]daxfb'/ /fgfn] ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L/ dnfO{ ?=#),))). lbPsf]df d}n] ?=!&,%))./ ?=!@%)). ;'Gb/l;+xn] lnof}+ . uhaxfb'/n]klg ?=#),))). g} kfPsf] xf] egL aofg u/]sf]b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLdWo]sf ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] aofgubf{;d]t @)%( kmfu'gdf nj dNnn] u}+8fsf]vfu lsGg] dflg; vf]hL lbg' eg]sf]n] d}n] l5l/ËnfdfnfO{ kmf]gaf6 s'/f u/]sf], @)%( r}qdfl5l/Ën] ltAaltog tflGhª lgdfnfO{ lnO{ rf]/df/fvf]nfsf] au/df cfO{ uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/n]va/ u/]cg';f/ cf]daxfb'/n] lghsf] 3/af6NofPsf] u}+8fsf] vfu ?=@,$),))). df lsga]ru/]sf] xf] . vfu a]rfOlbP afkt cf]daxfb'/n]nj dNn / dnfO{ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf ?=#),))).lbPsf] xf] . @)%^ ;fn d+l;/lt/ klg d}n]Rofª\jf nfdfaf6 af3sf] 5fnf lsgL ;gdnfdfnfO{ a]r]sf] lyPF . @)%* ;fndf klg uf]kfntfdfª, cIfos'df/ lu/L / r]kfª dfOnf;Fu!Ö! j6f lrt'jfsf] 5fnf lsgL ;f] 5fnfx¿bf]unf eGg] l5l/ª nfdfnfO{ ?=@^,))).– dfa]r]sf] lyPF egL aofg u/]sf] kfOG5 . csf{k|ltjfbL uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/n] aofg ubf{@)%( df3 clGtdlt/ cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/n]u}+8fsf] vfu lsGg] dflg; vf]hL lbg'k¥of] eg]sf]n]d}n] nj dNnnfO{ s'/f u/]sf] lyPF . lghn];'Gb/l;+x 7s'/LnfO{ s'/f u/L lghn] l5l/ªnfdfnfO{ eg]kl5 vfu v/Lb laqmL ug]{ of]hgfto u/L @)%( r}tsf] bf];|f] xKtflt/ l5l/Ënfdf / tflGhË lgdf sf7df8f}+af6 k};f lnO{rf]/df/f cfP . cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/n] 3/af6NofPsf] vfu rf]/df/f vf]nfsf ] au/df?=@,$),))). df l5l/ª / tflGhËn] v/Lbu/]sf x'g\ . d]/f] efudf k/]sf] ?=#),))). d}n]a'lemlnPsf] xf], To;afx]s @)%$ ;fn r}qsf]


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t];|f] xKtflt/ cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/n] vfu lsGg]dfG5] vf]h eg]sf]n] d}n] ;'dg ef]6];Fu s'/f u/L?=@,*),))).– df vfu v/Lb laqmL u/]sf] xf] .vfu laqmL u/fOlbPafkt cf]daxfb'/n] dnfO{?=@*))).– lbPsf] xf] egL aofg u/]sf] kfOG5 .To:t} k|ltjfbL bf]unf elgg] l5l/ª nfdfn] aofgubf{ @)%* ;fn c;f/ >fj0flt/ ;'Gb/l;x+7s'/Laf6 # j6f lrt'jfsf] 5fnf lsgL tflGhªlgdfnfO{ ?=#),))).– df a]r]sf] x'F, @)%( kmfu'gclGtdlt/ ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] kmf]g u/L u}+8fsf]vfu 5, laqmL ul/lbg' k¥of] egL eg]sf]n] d}n]tflGhË lgdf;Fu s'/f u/L lghnfO{ lnO{gjnk/f;Lsf] sfjf;f]tLdf cfO{ ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L/ nj dNnnfO{ e]6L cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/nfO{va/ u/L lghn] NofPsf] vfu rf]/df/f vf]nfsf]au/df ?=@,$),))). df v/Lb u/]sf] xf] . vfulsgfO{ lbPafkt tflGhË lgdfn] dnfO{?=@%,))). lbPsf] xf] egL aofg u/]sf] b]lvG5 .k|ltjfbLdWo]sf cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/n] aofgubf{ klxnf] k6s @)%$ ;fnsf] hf8f] dlxgfdf;Ltf/fd rf}w/Ln] dnfO{ lbPsf] u}+8fsf] vfud}n] uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/dfkm{t\ ;'dg dgfË]nfO{?=#,)),))). df a]r]sf] x'F . laqmL ul/lbPafkt?=%),))). uhaxfb'/ / d}n] afF8L lnPsf xf}+ .bf];|f] k6s @)%( c;f]h dlxgfdf k|]daxfb'/la=s=n] NofPsf] vfu d}n] rGb|sfGt kf08]nfO{?=*),))). df a]r]sf] xf] . laqmL ul/lbP afktk|]daxfb'/ lj=s=n] dnfO{ ?=%))). lbP . t];|f]k6s @)%( ;fn k'; df3lt/ ;Ltf/fd rf}w/Lsf]efO{n] NofPsf] u}+8fsf] vfu laqmLsf nflu u|fxsvf]Hg d}n] uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/nfO{ eg]sf]dfp;n] nj dNnnfO{ eg]5 . nj dNn, ;'Gb/l;+x7s'/L, l5l/Ë nfdf, uhaxfb'/ / d;d]t e}rf]/df/f vf]nfdf ;f] vfu ?=@,$),))). df

ltAaltog tflGhª lgdfnfO{ a]r]sf] xf] . lasfO{lbPafkt nj dNn / ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/LnfO{ ;+o'Qm¿kdf ?=#),)))., dfn wgLnfO{ ?=!,%),))).lbO{ afFsL /sd uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/ / d}n]afF8L vfPsf xf}+ egL aofg u/]sf] kfOG5 .k|ltjfbLdWo]sf tflGhª lgdfn] aofg ubf{;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] va/ u/]cg';f/ @)%( ;fnkmfu'g r}tlt/ rf]/df/f vf]nfsf] au/df lgh;d]taf6 ?=@,$),))). df u}8fsf] vfu d}n]v/Lb u/L ltAat Nxf;f a:g] 6f;LnfO{ d}n]laqmL u/]sf] xf] . To:t} # j6f lrt'jfsf] 5fnfd}n] l5l/ª nfdf;Fu v/Lb u/L 6f;LnfO{ g}^),))).– df a]r]sf] x'F . daf6 a/fdb ePsf]?=&,%),))). d}n] u+}8fsf] vfu lsGg af]s]sf]/sd xf] . To;dWo] ?=^,)),))). lgh 6f;Ln]u}8fsf] vfu lsGg dnfO{ k7fPsf] / afFsL?=!,%),))). d cfkm}+n] xfn]sf] xf] egL aofgu/]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} k|ltjfbLdWo]sf Rofª\jf eGg]lbnaxfb'/ nfdfn] aofg ubf{ ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln]lqj]0fLaf6 af3sf] 5fnf Nofpg ;3fOb]pm eg]sf]n]e/tk'/sf] SofDk; u]6;Dd af3sf] 5fnf cf];f/LlbPsf] x'F . ;f] afkt ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] dnfO{?=@%)). lbPsf] xf] egL aofg u/]sf] kfOG5 .

$= cg';Gwfg clwsf/L / d'2f x]g]{clwsf/L;dIf k|ltjfbLx¿n] u/]sf] plNnlvtaofg Joxf]/f x]bf{ k|ltjfbLx¿n] Ps} ldnfgsf]aofg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLx¿sf] pQm aofgJoxf]/faf6 lghx¿n] u}+8fsf] lzsf/ u/]sf] eGg]b]lvg gcfO{ k|ltjfbL cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/;Fu/x]sf] u}+8fsf] vfu laqmL ug{ u|fxs vf]Hg] ;d]tsf]sfddf k|ltjfbLx¿ uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/, njdNn, ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L / l5l/Ë nfdf;d]tof]hgfa4 ¿kdf ;+nUg eO{ k|ltjfbL tflGhËlgdf;d ]tn ] vfu v/Lb ul/lnPsf ] /

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k|ltjfbLx¿n] cf–cfkm\gf] efu lx:;fdf kg{cfPsf]/sd cfk;df afF8L lnPsf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 .o;/L k|ltjfbLx¿n] k/:k/ kf]n;d]t u/Lcf/f]lkt s;"/ u/]df ;flat eO{ u/]sf] pk/f]Qmaofg Joxf]/faf6 cv]6f]kxf/ vfu laqmL ug]{l;nl;nfdf ePsf] 36gfqmd qmda4¿kdf lrq0fx'gcfPsf] / vfu v/Lb laqmL ug]{ sfo{df cf–cfkm\gf] ;+nUgtf b]vfO{ k|ltjfbLx¿n] u/]sf] aofglghx¿sf] k/:k/sf] aofg Joxf]/faf6} ;dly{tx'g cfPsf] b]lvG5 .

%= k|ltjfbLx¿sf] pk/f]Qm aofg Joxf]/fsfcltl/Qm k|ltjfbLx¿ uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/,;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L, ljho eGg] nj dNn, bf]UnfeGg] l5l/Ë nfdf / tflGhª lgdfn] ;+o'Qm ¿kdfn]vfOlbPsf] ldlt @)^).!.@) sf] sfuhdf ;d]tcf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/n] uf];fO{ rf}w/L eGg]JolQmaf6 lnPsf] vfu laqmL ug{ uhaxfb'/kmfn du/nfO{ eg]sf], uhaxfb'/n] u|fxs vf]Hgnj dNnnfO{ eg]sf], nj dNnn] ;'Gb/l;+x7s'/LnfO{ eg]sf] / ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] l5l/ËnfdfnfO{ / l5l/Ë nfdfn] tflGhª lgdfnfO{vfu laqmL ug]{ s'/f u/L @)%( ;fn r}qdfgjnk/f;Lsf] rf]/df/f vf]nfsf] au/df ^ hgfe]nf eO{ ?=@,$),))). df u}+8fsf] vfu lsga]ru/L cfcfkm\gf] efudf k/]sf] ¿k}ofF a08f u/LlnPsf] xf] . To;kl5 @)^) ;fn j}zfv !(ut] k'gM xfdLx¿ u}+8fsf] vfu laqmL Joj;foug{ al;/x]sf] cj:yfdf kqmfp k/]sf xf+} egLJoxf]/f n]vfOlbPsf] kfOG5 . k|ltjfbLdWo]sftflGhª lgdfsf] z/L/ tnf;L ubf{ vfu lsGgegL af]s]sf] gub ?=&,%),))). a/fdb ePsf]eGg] ldlt @)^).!.!* sf] a/fdbL d'r'Nsfsf]tYoaf6 ;d]t k|ltjfbLx¿sf] pk/f]Qm aofgJoxf]/f ;dly{t ePsf] b]lvG5 .

^= o;/L k|ltjfbLx¿n] cf/f]lkt s;"/u/]sf] tYodf ;flat eO{ Pscsf{nfO{ kf]n;d]tu/L cg';Gwfg clwsf/L / d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIfaofg u/]sf] / lghx¿sf] pQm aofg Joxf]/f;h{dLgsf dflg; tyf a/fdbL d'r'Nsfsfdflg;x¿sf] askq ;d]taf6 ;dly{t ePsf]cj:yfdf k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿sf] ;flatL jofgnfO{lghx¿sf lj?4 k|df0fdf lng OGsf/ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] km};nf ldn]sf] b]lvgcfPg . t;y{ k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ cleof]udfubfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbg] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] km};nf pN6L u/L k|ToyL{k|ltjfbLdWo]sf cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/n] k6sk6s u}+8fsf] vfu laqmL u/]sf] eGg] b]lvPsf] /k|:t't d'2fdf ;d]t u}+8fsf] vfu lghn] cfkm\gf]3/df g} /fv]sf] eGg] b]lvPsf] x'Fbf lghnfO{/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@(sf] bkmf !(-!_ sf] s;"/df P] sf] bkmf @^-!_adf]lhd kfFr jif{ s}b / krf; xhf/ ¿k}ofFh/Ljfgf ug]{ / cGo k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/ / ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln]u}+8fsf] vfu cfkm\gf] ;Fu;fy /fv]sf] eGg] b]lvggcfPsf] / lghx¿ k|ltjfbL cf]daxfb'/ /fgfdu/sf] ;Fu;fy /x]sf] vfu laqmL ug{sf nfluu|fxs vf]hL ug]{ sfddf ;+nUg /x]sf] b]lvPsf]x'Fbf lgh k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿ uhaxfb'/ kmfndu/ / ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/LnfO{ /fli6«o lgs'~htyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf] bkmf !(-!_ sf] s;"/df ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhdhgxL Ps nfv ¿k}ofF h/Ljfgf ug]{ u/L ;+o'QmOhnf;df ;DdfggLo k|wfgGofofwLz >L/fdk|;fb >]i7n] JoQm ug'{ePsf] /fo dgfl;ab]lvPsf]n] ;f] /fo ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ . c?tk;Lnadf]lhd ug"{ .


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tk;Ln

k|ToyL { k | ltjfbLx¿nfO{ cleof ]udfubfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbg] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] km};nf pN6L u/L k|ToyL{k|ltjfbLdWo]sf cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/nfO{ /fli6«olgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf]bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd kfFr jif{ s}b / krf;xhf/ ¿k}ofF h/Ljfgf ug]{ / cGo k|ToyL{k|ltjfbLx¿ uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/ / ;'Gb/l;+x7s'/LnfO{ P] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd hgxL Psnfv ¿k}ofF h/Ljfgf ug]{ u/L ;+o'Qm Ohnf;df;DdfggLo k|wfgGofofwLz >L /fdk|;fb >]i7n]JoQm ug'{ePsf] /fo ;b/ x'g] 7x/L km};nfePsf]n] ;f]adf]lhd k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbL cf]daxfb'//fgf du/sf xsdf lgh cg';Gwfgsf ]l;nl;nfdf kqmfp k/L y'gfdf /x]sf] ldltb]lvk'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] km};nfn] 5'6]sf]ldlt;Dddf lghn] e'Qmfg u/]sf] s}b cjlws§f u/L afFsL s}b tyf h/Ljfgf c;"n ug"{ /cGo k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿ uhaxfb'/ kmfn du// ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Lsf xsdf lghx¿nfO{ nfu]sf]h/Ljfgf c;"n ubf{ lghx¿ cg';Gwfgsf]l;nl;nfdf kqmfp k/L y'gfdf /x]sf] ldltb]lvk'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] km};nfn] 5'6]sf]ldltaLrdf lghx¿n] e'Qmfg u/]sf] s}bafktsf]sfg"gadf]lhd x'g] /sd s§f u/L dfq c;"nug"{ egL z'? lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{nodfn]vL k7fpg"––– !

ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfOlbg"–––@

pQm /fodf d ;xdt 5' .

Gof=ts{/fh e§

df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/Lsf] km/s /fo Mo;df k|ltjfbLx¿n] u}+8fsf] vfu laqmL

Joj;fo u/L /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0fP]g, @)@( sf] bkmf %-s_ / !( sf] s;"/ck/fw u/]sf]n] lghx¿nfO{ ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf@^-!_ adf]lhd ;hfo ul/kfpFm eGg] cleof]udfubfjL /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

k|:t't d'2fdf zfxL lrtjg /fli6«olgs'~h sfof{no s;/fsf cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ltyf d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIf k|ltjfbLdWo]sfljho dNn elgg] nj dNnn] u/]sf] aofgdfd / ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L eO{ cf]daxfb'/ du/;FuePsf] u}+8fsf] vfu sfjf;f]tL h+undf x]/Lbf]Unf eGg] l5l/Ë nfdfnfO{ vfu laqmL ug]{of]hgfcg';f/ lgh l5l/Ën] ;fy}df lnP/ cfPsf]ltAjltognfO{ ?=@,$),))). df vfu a]r]sf]xf], vfu a]lrlbPafkt d}n] ?=!&,%)).– kfPsf]x'F eGg] pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 . To:t} k|ltjfbL;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Lsf] aofgdf @)%( ;fn kmfu'gclGtdlt/ d / nj dNn eO{ uhaxfb'/ kmfndu/ / cf]daxfb'/ du/;Fu u}+8fsf] vfu 5eGg] yfxf kfO{ bf]Unf eGg] l5l/Ë nfdf;d]teO{ vfu x]/L ;f] vfu l5l/Ë nfdfn] NofPsf]ltAaltognfO{ ?=@,$),))). df a]r]sf] xf],;f] vfu a]lrlbPafkt d}n] ?=!@,%)). kfPsf]xf], @)%^ ;fn sflt{s d+l;/lt/ d}n] Rofª\jfnfdf;Fu af3sf] 5fnf lsgL ;gd nfdfnfO{?=#),))).– df a]r]sf] lyPF, @)%* ;fpglt/lrt'jfsf] 5fnf uf]kfn tfdfª;Fu ?=@%)).–df / cIfos'df/ lu/L;Fu ?=!),))).–df lsgLpQm 5fnfx¿ bf]unf eGg] l5l/ª nfdfnfO{?=@^,))).– df a]r]sf] lyPF eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]vePsf] b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbL uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/n]u/]sf] aofgdf @)%$ ;fn r}q t];|f] xKtflt/

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cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/n] d;Fu u}+8fsf] vfu 5lsGg] dfG5] vf]h eg]sf]n] d}n] vf]h]sf] ;'dgef]6]nfO{ ?=@,*),))).– df vfu a]r]sf] xf],;f]afkt cf]daxfb'/n] dnfO{ ?=@*))).– lbPsf]lyof] . @)%( r}q bf];|f] xKtflt/ nj dNn,l5l/Ë nfdf, ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L / gfd yfxfgePsf] ltAaltog;d]t vfu lsga]rdf ;+nUgeO{ d}n] cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/nfO{ ;"rgf u/Llghn] NofPsf] vfu ?=@,$),))). df laqmLu/]sf] xf] / d}n] ?=#),))). kfPsf] xf] eGg]pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . To:t} k|ltjfbL l5l/Ënfdfn] u/]sf] aofgdf ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] u}+8fsf]vfu af3sf] 5fnf 5 egL kmf]g u/]sf]n] @)%*;fnsf] ;fpglt/ d}n] ?=@^,))).– df v/Lbu/L tflGhª lgdfnfO{ ?=#),))).– df a]r]sf]x'F . @)%( ;fn kmfu'g clGtdlt/ km]l/ ;'Gb/l;+n]kmf]g u/]sf]n] d}n] tflGhª lgdf;Fu s'/f u/L;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L;d]t eO{ ?=@,$),))). dfu}+8fsf] vfu v/Lb laqmL u/]sf] xf], dfnldnfOlbPafkt dnfO { tflGhª lgdfn ]?=@%,))). lbPsf] xf] eGg] pNn]v ePsf]b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLdWo]sf ltAat 3/ ePsftflGhª lgdfn] u/]sf] aofgdf @)%( ;fnkmfu'glt/ l5l/ª nfdfn] va/ u/]cg';f/rf]/df/f vf]nfsf] au/df ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Laf6?=@,$),))).– df u}+8fsf] vfu v/Lb u/]sf]x' F, @)%* ;fn c;f/lt/ l5l/ª nfdf;Fu?=#),))).– df # j6f lrt'jfsf] 5fnf lnPsf]xf], d}n] 6f;LnfO{ # j6f lrt'jfsf] 5fnf?=^),))).– df / u}+8fsf] vfu ?=#,)),))).–df a]r]sf] x'F . daf6 a/fdb ePsf] ?=&,%),))).dWo] !,%),))). d}n] xfn]sf] / afFsL /sdu+}8fsf] vfu lsGg egL ltAat Nxf;f a:g]6f;Ln] dnfO{ lbPsf] xf] eGg] pNn]v ePsf]

kfOG5 . k|ltjfbLdWo]sf cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/sf]aofgdf klxnf] k6s @)%$ ;fnsf] hf8f]dlxgfdf ;Ltf/fd rf}w/Ln] dnfO{ lbPsf] u}+8fsf]vfu d}n] uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/dfkm{t\ ;'dgdgfË]nfO{ ?=#,)),))). df a]r]sf] x'F . laqmLul/lbP afkt ?=%),))). uhaxfb'/ / d}n]afF8L lnPsf xf}+ . bf];|f] k6s @)%( c;f]hdlxgfdf k|]daxfb'/ la=s=n] NofPsf] vfu d}n]rGb|sfGt kf08]nfO{ ?=*),))). df a]r]sf] xf] .laqmL ul/lbPafkt k|]daxfb'/ lj=s=n] dnfO{?=%))). lbP . t];|f] k6s @)%( ;fn k';df3lt/ ;Ltf/fd rf}w/Lsf] efOn] NofPsf]u}+8fsf] vfu laqmLsf nflu u|fxs vf]Hg d}n]uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/nfO{ eg]sf]df p;n] njdNnnfO{ eg]5 . nj dNn, ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/L,l5l/Ë nfdf, uhaxfb'/ / d;d]t e} rf]/df/fvf]nfdf ;f] vfu ?=@,$),))). df ltAaltogtflGhª lgdfnfO{ a]r]sf] xf] . lasfO{ lbPafktnj dNn / ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/LnfO{ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf?=#),)))., dfn wgLnfO{ ?=!,%),))). lbO{afFsL /sd uhaxfb'/ kmfn du/ / d}n] afF8LvfPsf xf}+ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . To:t}k|ltjfbLdWo]sf Rofª\jf eGg] lbnaxfb'/ nfdfn]u/]sf] aofgdf ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] lqj]0fLaf6af3sf] 5fnf Nofpg ;3fOb]pm eg]sf]n]e/tk'/sf] SofDk; u]6;Dd af3sf] 5fnf cf];f/LlbPsf] x'F . ;f]afkt ;'Gb/l;+x 7s'/Ln] dnfO{?=@%)). lbPsf] xf] eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 .

cg';Gwfg clwsf/L / d'2f x ]g ] {clwsf/L;dIf k|ltjfbLx¿n] u/]sf] aofg Joxf]/fx]bf{ ;a}sf] aofgdf Ps} ldnfgsf] Joxf]/f pNn]vePsf] b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLx¿sf] pQm aofgnfO{;flatL aofg egL k|ltjfbLx¿n] Pscsf{nfO{k/:k/ kf]n;d]t u/]sf] eGg] cfwf/df z'? zfxL


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lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{non] s;"/ 7x/u/L k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ ;hfo u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

ld l;n cWoog u/ L x ] b f { ,k|ltjfbLx¿sf] pk/f]Qm aofg sfuhafx]slghx¿pk/sf] cf/f]lkt s;"/ k'li6 x'g] cGos'g} klg 7f]; ;a"t k|df0f jfbL kIfn] k]zug{ ;s]sf] kfOFb}g . jf/bft:yn sxfF xf] /jf/bft s'g ldltdf ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/f;d]tlglZrt\ ¿kn] v'nfOPsf] 5}g / s'g} :jtGqk|df0faf6 bfjLcg';f/sf] s;"/ jf/bft :yflktx'g;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . u}+8fsf] vfu laqmL Joj;fou/]sf] eGg] cleof]udf k|ltjfbLx¿pk/ d'2fbfo/ ePsf] b ]lvG5 . t/ ldl;n;+nUgvfgtnf;L tyf a/fdbL d'r'Nsfx¿ x]bf{k|ltjfbLx¿n] v/Lb laqmL u/]sf] elgPsf]u}+8fsf] vfunufot s'g} klg cfv]6f]kxf/ sf]xLs; }a f6 a/ fdb x 'g;s ]sf ] b ] lv Fb }g .k|ltjfbLdWo]sf tflGhª lgdfaf6 a/fdb ePsf]elgPsf] ?=&,%),))). klg k|:t't d'2fdfk|ltjfbLx¿n] vfu v/Lb laqmL u/L lnPlbPsf]lauf] cyf{t\ bzLsf] ¿kdf a/fdb ePsf] eGg]b]lvFb}g / k|ltjfbL tflGhª lgdfsf] d[To' ePsf]egL pQm /sd lghsf] xsbf/nfO{ lkmtf{ lbg]u/L z'? zfxL lrtjg /fli6 «o lgs'~hsfof{noaf6} lg0f{o ePsf];d]t b]lvG5 .

;/hdLg d'r'Nsfsf lemdgf/fo0fe';fn;d]tsf dflg;x¿n] klg k|ltjfbLx¿kqmfp k/]sf] s'/f ;Dd ;'g]sf] xf], lghx¿sf]cfr/0f / rfnrngsf] af/]df s]xL yfxf 5}gegL Joxf]/f n]vfOlbPsf] kfOG5 . lghx¿n]cbfntdf askq ubf{;d]t k|ltjfbLx¿n] u}+8fsf]vfusf] sf/f]af/ ub{5g\ eGg] xNnf ;'g]sf] ;Ddxf], cfk"mx¿n] b]v] hfg]sf] xf]Og egL askqu/]sf] b]lvG5 .

k|:t't d'2f /fli6«o lgs'~h tyfjGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf] bkmf #) /#! cg';f/ tTsfnLg zfxL lrtjg /fli6«olgs'~h sfof{nosf /]~h/af6 cg';GwfgtxsLsft u/L d'2f bfo/ eO{ ;f]xL sfof{nosfk|d'v ;+/If0f clws[taf6 km};nf ePsf]b ] lvG5 . o;/L d'2fsf ] cg';Gwfgstf { ,cleof]hgstf{ / lg0f{ostf{ ;d]t Pp6} lgsfo/x]sf]df sfg"gn] Goflos clwsf/If]q tf]s]sf]d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Ln] k|ltjfbLx¿sf] ;flatLaofg / ;xcleo'Qmx¿sf] kf]nnfO{ k|df0fdfu|x0f ubf{ cToGt ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' kg]{x'G5 . To:tf] ;flatL / ;xcleo'Qmsf] kf]nldl;n;+nUg cGo :jtGq / j:t'ut k|df0faf6;dly{t ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq k|df0fdf u|fx\ox'G5 t/ k|:t't d'2fdf k|ltjfbLx¿n] z'?sfof{nodf u/]sf] elgPsf] ;flatL aofg /k/:k/ u/]sf] kf]n ldl;n;+nUg cGo s'g}klg :jtGq / 7f]; ;a"t k|df0faf6 ;dly{tePsf] cj:yf b]lvFb}g . oyfy{df k|ltjfbLx¿n]u/]sf] elgPsf] ;flatL aofg klg ;hfoefuLu/fpg] k|s[ltsf] :ki6 ;flatL aofg /x]sf]b]lvFb}g .

k|df0f P]g @)#! sf] bkmf @% dfækmf}hbf/L d'2fdf cleo'Qmsf] s;"/ k|dfl0ftug]{ ef/ jfbLsf] x'g]5Æ eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf/x]sf] 5 . ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cy{ jfbLcyf{t\ ;/sf/n] cleo'Qmaf6} s;"/ :jLsf/u/]sf] sfuh u/fP/ cfkm\gf] bfloTj k"/f ePsf];Demg] eGg] xf]Og . To;sf] cy{ jfbLn]cleo'Qmsf] s;"/ k|dfl0ft ug]{ 7f]; / :jtGqk|df0fsf] vf]hL ug'{kb{5 eGg] xf] . To:tf]:jtGq / j:t'lgi7 k|df0f k]z ePsf] cj:yfdfk|ltjfbL OGsf/ g} /x]sf] eP klg lghsf]

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*(!! –*(!! –*(!! –*(!! –*(!! – g]kfn ;/sf/ lj=cf]daxfb'/ /fgf

s;"/ :yflkt eO{ lghnfO{ ;hfo x'G5 . s'g}klg cleo'QmnfO { cfkm "pk/ nufOPsf ]cleof]usf] ;DaGwdf s'g} aofg glbO{ r"knflu a:g] ;Ddsf] ;+j}wflgs clwsf/ k|fKt/x]sf] x'G5 . cleo'QmnfO{ o:tf] clwsf/ k|fKt/x]sf] ;Gbe{df lagf s'g} :jtGq k|df0f lghnfO{jfbL cyf{t\ ;/sf/L kIfn] cfkm\gf] lx/f;tdf/fv]/ u/fPsf] slyt ;flatL dfqnfO{ s;"/k|dfl0ft x'g] kof{Kt cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg] Tof]kmf}hbf/L Gofo l;4fGtljk/Lt x'g hfG5 .o;af6 cf/f]lkt JolQmsf] pQm ;+j}wflgsxssf] ckx/0f t x'G5 g} ;fy;fy} jfbLnfO{j:t'lgi7 k|df0fsf] vf]hL ug] {tkm { eGbfcleo'QmnfO{ ;flat u/fpg]tkm{ b'?T;fxg ldNg]eO{ /fHosf] kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|zf;g ljs[t /lg/+s'z aGg hfG5 . of] vt/fnfO{ cbfntn];bf x[boª\ud ug}{kb{5 . To;}n] c? :jtGqPj+ j:t'lgi7 k|df0faf6 ;dly{t -Corroborate_gePsf ] slyt ;f latLnfO { cbfntn ]cleo'Qmsf lj?4 k|df0fdf lng ldNb}g .

s'g} jf s]xL JolQm s'g} vf; s;"/jf/bftsf s;"/bf/ x'g\ eGg] jfbLnfO{ cfz+sfpTkGg x'g ;Sb5 jf s'g} jf s]xL JolQmpk/s'g} vf; s;"/ u/]sf] egL ck/fw cg';Gwfgug]{ lgsfosf clwsf/Ln] cfz+sf ug{ ;Sb5 .t/ ;f] z+sf, cfz+sfsf] k[i7e"lddf 7f];cg';Gwfgaf6 oy]i6 / e/kbf]{ k|df0fsf] vf]hLu/L ;+sng ug{ ;Sg' kb{5 . cfz+sfsf] kl/l:yltbzf{O{ ;hfosf] dfubfjL ug{ ldNb}g . To;/LbfjL ul/P klg Goflos clwsf/L jf lgsfon]z+sf, pkz+sf jf s;}sf] k"j{ cfr/0f jf Jojxf/sf]k[i7e"ldnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ lghnfO{ s;"/bf/7x¥ofpg jf ;hfo ug'{ dfGo kmf}hbf/L Gofol;4fGtsf] k|lts"n x'G5 . kmf}hbf/L s;"/ lglZrt\

/ z+sf/lxt k|df0faf6 k|dfl0ft / k'li6 x'g}kb{5 . k|:t't d'2fdf cf/f]lkt k|ltjfbLx¿ lj?4cf/f]lkt s;"/ u/]sf] z+sf/lxt k|df0f k|:t'tul/Psf] kfOFb}g .

ctM k|:t't d'2fdf /fli6«o lgs'~hsfof{nosf cg';Gwfg clwsf/L / d'2f x]g]{clwsf/L;dIf k|ltjfbLx¿n] u/]sf] elgPsf];flatL aofgafx]s lghx¿ lj?4sf] cf/f]lkts;"/ k'li6 x'g] cGo s'g} :jtGq / j:t'lgi7k|df0f jfbL kIfn] k]z ug{ ;s]sf] gb]lvFbfTo:tf] slyt ;flatL / kf]n dfqsf] cfwf/dfk|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿n] cf/f]lkt s;"/ u/]sf]7x¥ofO{ lghx¿nfO{ ;hfo ug{ gldNg] ePsf]n]z'? zfxL lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{nosf]lg0f{o pN6L u/L k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ cleof]udfubfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbg] u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntx]6f}+8fsf] ldlt @)^#.*.$ sf] km};nf ;b/u/]sf] xb;Dd ;+o'Qm Ohnf;df dfggLoGofofwLz >L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nfn] JoQmug'{ePsf] /fo dgfl;a b]lvPsf]n] ;f] xb;DdpQm /fo ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ .

o; Ohnf;sf ;xof ]uL dfggLoGofofwLzx¿sf] ax'dtn] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]km};nf pN6L ug]{ ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf ;DdfggLok|wfgGofofwLz >L /fdk|;fb >]i7sf] /fo dgfl;j7x¥ofpg] lg0f{odf k'u]sf]n] ;f] ax'dtsf] /fo;Fu;xdt gx'Fbf d}n] d]/f] km/s /fo n]v]sf] 5' .sfg"gadf]lhd ug"{ .

;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ebf} @* ut] /f]h % z'ed\––Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{

&&&&&


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lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(!@*(!@*(!@*(!@*(!@

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L ts{/fh e§l/6 g+= @)^*–WH– ))*#cfb]z ldltM @)^(.^.@*.!

d'2fM aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f .

lgj]bsM alb{of lhNnf dgfp uf=lj=;= j8f g+=* 3/ eO{ xfn sf/fuf/ sfof{no alb{ofdfy'gfdf /x]sf] bLkgf/fo0f >]i7

lj?4ljkIfLM alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h 7fs'/åf/ alb{of

;d]t

§ Dofb tfd]nL k|lqmofnfO{ lg/k]If Pj+oflGqs k|lqmofsf] ¿kdf geO{ ;DalGwtJolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] lj?4 nufOPsf]cleof]u jf bfjLsf] ljifodf oyf;dodf;"lrt u/fO{ k|ltjfb ug{ df}sf kfpg]clwsf/nfO{ Jojxf/tM ;fy{s t'Nofpg]Ps ultzLn k|lqmofsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/u/]sf]n] Dofb tfd]nL k|lqmofsf] p2]Zo;DalGwt JolQmpk/ nfu]sf] cleof]ujf lghpk/ k/]sf] cGo s'g} bfjLsf]ljifodf oyf;dod} ;';"lrt u/fO{cfkm\gf] k|lt/Iff ug{ kof{Kt df}sf k|bfgug'{kg]{ .

§ Dofb tfd]nL;DaGwdf oflGqs lgod nfu"eof] ePg eGg] s'/f dxTjsf] ljifo

geO{ ;DalGwt JolQmn] To:tf] ;"rgfoyf;do k|fKt u¥of] u/]g eGg] s'/fdxTjk"0f{ x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_§ ;flwsf/ lgsfoaf6 ePsf ]

km};nfadf]lhd nfu]sf] s}b c;"n ug{sfnflu s}bdf k7fOPsf ] l:yltdfaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L x'gg;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ k"0f{dfgzfSo, 8f= /lhteQm k|wfgfË /v8\uaxfb'/ zfx

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf wd{/fhkf}8]n Pj+ ljåfg clwjQmfåo nf]s]Gb|WjhvfF8 / ljg' >]i7

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ c=j+= !!), @)* g+=

cfb]zk|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdLM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ / !)& adf]lhdbfo/ eO{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf];+lIfKt Joxf]/f / lg0f{o o; k|sf/ 5M–

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@ n]k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] tyfsfg"gadf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg JolQmsf] j}olQms:jtGqtf ckx/0f gx'g] k|Tofe"lt u/]sf] 5 .wf/f @$ n] s;"/ k|dfl0ft geP;Dd lgbf]{ifdflgg], cfkm\gf] lj?4 ;fIfL x'g s/ gnufOg],cfkm"pk/sf] sf/jfxLsf] hfgsf/L kfpg] / :jR5;'g'jfOsf] xssf] k|Tofe"lt u/sf] 5 eg] wf/f @&

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*(!@ –*(!@ –*(!@ –*(!@ –*(!@ – bLkgf/fo0f >]i7 lj=jlb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h ;d]t

n] cfkm\gf] ;/f]sf/sf] ljifosf] ;"rgf dfUg] /kfpg] xssf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

d lgj]bs @)^).!!.!* b]lv @)^#.@.#!;Dd Pe/]i6 Sofl;gf] sf7df8f}+df / @)^$.$.#@b]lv @)^*.%.!& ;Dd Goldfinger the casino,

Cidate de Goa df sfd u/L cfPsf] lyP .ljkIfL lgs'~h sfof{nodf ;=kmf}=g+= !& sf] u}8fdf/L u}+8fsf] vfu v/Lb ljqmL u/]sf] d'2f bfo/u/L d ;d]tnfO{ k|ltjfbL agfO{ @)^*.(.& dfdnfO{ ?=!,)),))).– h/Ljfgf / ^ jif{ s}b x'g]u/L km};nf ul/Psf] /x]5 . ;f] s'/f dnfO{ kqmfpu/L ldlt @)^*.!).@ df r=g+= !!$! sf]kqfg';f/ k"hL{ lbO{ ljkIfL sf/fuf/ sfof{nodfs}bdf /flvPkl5 dfq ldl;n sfuhsf] gSsnlnPkl5 yfxf ePsf] xf] .

d]/f] 3/ jtg lhNnf alb{of dgfpuf=lj=;= j8f g+= * df /x] ePsf] s'/f ljkIfLlgs'~h sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L ePsf] Joxf]/f@)^^.^.@! df hf/L Dofbaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . o;cj:yfdf d]/f] gfdsf] Dofb 3/ 7]ufgfdf uO{d]/f] Psf;uf]nsf dflg;nfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{, ;f]geP b'O{ hgf enfb\dL;lxt :yfgLo j8f ;b:ojf uf=lj=;= ;lrjnfO{ /f]xj/df /fvL 3/df6fF; ug'{kg]{, 3/åf/ dflg; kQf gnfu] ufpF,zx/, 6f]ndf / ;f] klg ;Dej geP c8\8fdf;a}n] b]Vg] 7fpFdf 6f:g'kg]{ u/L c=j+= !!) g+=;d]tdf Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . ljz]if cbfnt P]g,@)%( sf] bkmf !)-@_-#_ df ;d]t ;f]xL Joj:yf/x]sf] 5 . sfg"gsf] plNnlvt Joj:yfljk/Ltd]/f gfdsf] Dofb j8f g+= % / ( sf dflg; /uf=lj=;= lkognfO{ /f]xj/df /fvL dgfp uf=lj=;=sfof{nodf @)^^.&.!* df 6fF; ul/Psf] / ldlt@)^*.$.@! df uf]/vfkq /fli6«o b}lgsdf ;"rgfk|sfzg u/L tfd]n ul/Psf] /x]5 .

u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf ePsf] pQm Dofb tfd]nL/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf ;d]t j]l/tsf] x'Fbf ;f] ab/u/L c=j+= @)* g+= adf]lhd aofg k|ltjfb ug{kfpFm egL lgj]bg ubf{ ljkIfLaf6 lgj]bg vf/]hul/of] . ljkIfLx¿n] u}/sfg"gL sfo{ljlw ckgfO{;+ljwfg k|bQ df}lns xsdf cf3ft kfg]{ u/Lkm};nf u/L ldlt @)^*.!).! df kqmfp u/Ly'gfdf /fv]sf ] sfo{ ab/efuL ePsfn]aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L y'gfd'Qmul/kfpFm ;fy} l/6sf] clGtd 6'Ëf] gnfu];Ddlgj]bsaf6 ;fdfGo w/f}6L lnO{ y'gfd'Qm u/Ltfl/vdf /fVg' egL ljz]if cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFmeGg] l/6 lgj]bg bfjL .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bssf]dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf],hf/L x'g' gkg]{ eP of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf ldltn]af6fsf Dofb afx]s # lbgleq dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]sfof{no dfkm{t\ lnlvt hjfkm k7fpg' egLljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;"rgf k7fO{ lnlvt hjfkm k/]kl5jf ;f]sf] cj:yf gf3]kl5 lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^(.#.!# sf] cfb]z .

ljkIfL bLkgf/fo0f >]i7 u}+8f dfg]{ sfo{df;+nUg /x]sf] kfOPsf]n] ;f]xLadf]lhd d'2f btf{e} lghnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;kmfO k]z ug{sf nfluo; sfof{noaf6 ldlt @)^%.#.@% ut] lghsfgfpFdf /Ltk"j{ssf] Dofb hf/L ePsf]n] Dofba'emfpg lghsf] 3/ 7]ufgfdf uPsf sd{rf/Ln]vf]htnf; ubf{ lgh n'ls5LkL ufpFdf a;]/Dofb ga'em]sf], lghsf] 3/ vf]htnf; ubf{:yfgLo dflg;x¿n] lhNnf alb{of dgfpuf=lj=;= j8fg+= * gf}/+uf ufpFdf lghsf] 3/egL lrgfPsf] 3/df Dofb 6fF; ug{ vf]HbfDofb 6fF; ug{ glbPsf] sf/0faf6 lghsf] :yfoL7]ufgf v'n]sf] dgfp ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf]


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sfof{nodf ldlt @)^%.$.!% df uf=lj=;= sf;/sf/L sd{rf/L / ljkIfLsf l5d ]sLeb|enfbdLx¿sf] /f]xj/df Dofb 6fF; u/L tfd]nePsf] 5 . tTkZrft klg ljleGg ldltdfcfb]z e} hf/L ePsf] Dofb ;d]t lkmtf{ x'gcfPsf] x'gfn] ldlt @)^*.$.( sf] cfb]zaf6ldlt @)^*.$.@! df lgh bLkgf/fo0f >]i7;d]tsf k|ltjfbLx¿sf gfpFdf uf]/vfkq /fli6«ob}lgs klqsfdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L Dofbhf/L u/]/ lghnfO{ ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf lbO{Psf]lyof] . t/ ljkIfLn] uf]/vfkqdf k|sflzt;"rgfsf] cjx]ngf u/L c8\8fdf pkl:yt eP/cfkm\gf] ;kmfO k]z ug{ OGsf/ u/]sf] x'Fbfsfg"g;Ddt k|lqmof k"/f u/L d'2f km};nf ePsf]xf] . o;/L c8\8fdf xfhL/ e} cfkm\gf] egfO{/fVgsf nflu k6sk6s cj;/ lbFObf ljkIfLn]c6]/L u/]/ xfhL/ x'g gcfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gsf]pkxf; ub}{ cfPsf]df kqmfp u/L b08;hfoef]Ug' kg]{ cj:yf cfPkl5 b08;hfoaf6 aRg]clenfiffaf6 k]|l/t e} em"7f lgj]bg bfjL u/]sfx'g\ .

ldlt @)^*.!).! df kqmfp e} sf/fuf/sfof{nodf s}bdf /flvPkl5 dfq cfkm"nfO{ u}+8fdf/L vfu v/Lb ljqmL u/]sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf]hfgsf/L kfPsf] eGg] ljkIfL lgj]bssf] bfjLunt 5 . klxnf] k6s ldlt @)^&.$.!# dfePsf] km};nfsf] hgfp lbO{ ljkIfL bLkgf/fo0f>]i7nfO{ k7fO{Psf] r=g++ @)% ldlt @)^&.$.!$sf] /lhi6«L kq ;d]t ljkIfLn] k|fKt u/L u}+8fdf/]sf] cleof]u nufO{ d'2f rnfO{Psf] hfgsf/Llghn] kfO{;s]sf] oyfy{tf x'Fbfx'Fb} xfn cfP/cfkm"nfO{ hfgsf/L gePsf] eGg] lghsf] bfjL:jtM ab/efuL 5 . ctM lghsf] lgj]bg ab/u/L o; sfof{noaf6 ePsf] cfb]z ;b/ /fvL

l/6 vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsfof{nosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

k|:t't l/6df sf/fuf/ sfof{no alb{ofn];+ljwfgsf] s'g wf/f Pj+ s'g sfg"gsf] pNn+3gu/L ljkIfLnfO{ cGofodf kf/]sf] xf] slxFst}pNn]v ug{ ;s]sf] cj:yf 5}g, sf/fuf/ P]g,@)!( n] lgb]{zg u/]sf] sfd, st{Jo k"/f ug]{l;nl;nfdf alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{noaf6ljkIfLnfO{ lbPsf] r=g+= !!$! ldlt @)^*.!).@sf] s}bL k"hL{adf]lhd ljkIfLnfO{ o; sf/fuf/dfs}bdf /flvPsf] xf] . o; sfof{nosf] s'g} klgsfo{n] ljkIfLsf] xs clwsf/ xgg\ gePsfn]l/6 vf/]h xf];\ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] sf/fuf/sfof{no u'nl/ofsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

ljkIfL lgj]bs bLkgf/fo0f >]i7af6 alb{of/fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{non] ldlt @)^*.!!.!*df u/]sf] cfb]z ab/ ul/kfpFm egL o; cbfntdfc=j+= !& g+=adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg kbf{ s}lkmotk|ltj]bg dfu eO{ Ohnf; ;dIf k]z x'Fbf,ælgj]bssf gfddf To; sfof{noaf6 hf/L ePsf]ldlt @)^^.&.!* sf] Dofb sfg"gadf]lhdsf] /Ltgk'u]sf]df ldlt @)^*.$.@! ut]sf] /fli6«o b}lgsklqsf, uf]/vfkqdfkm{t\ Dofb tfd]n ePsf]nfO{c=j+= !!) g+= sf] kl/k"/s ¿kdf Dofbtfd]nL;DaGwL lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@sf] lgod @@s-!_ sf] -v_ adf]lhd sfg"gL/Ltk"j{ssf] tfd]nL dfGg' kg]{ ePsfn] ToxfFaf6;f] Dofb ab/ gx'g] u/L ePsf] ldlt @)^*.!!.!*sf] cfb]z j]/Ltsf] eGg ldn]g . sfg"gadf]lhdug'{xf]nf .Æ eGg] cfb]z ePsf] / o; cbfntaf6ePsf sfdsf/jfxL sfg"g;+ut x' Fbf o;cbfntsf gfddf s'g} cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf]Ogl/6 vf/]h xf];\ eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntg]kfnu~hsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

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*(!@ –*(!@ –*(!@ –*(!@ –*(!@ – bLkgf/fo0f >]i7 lj=jlb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h ;d]t

lgodfg';f/ k]z ePsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgdf lgj]bs tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfgclwjQmfx¿ >L k"0f{dfg zfSo, 8f=/lhteQmk|wfgfË / v8\uaxfb'/ zfxn] xfd|f] kIfnfO{lghpk/ nfu]sf] cleof]udf k|lt/Iff ug{ kfpg]clwsf/af6 jl~rt u/]/ ^ jif{ s}b ;d]t x'g]u/L km};nf ePsf] 5 . Dofb tfd]n ubf{ c=j+=!!) g+= sf] /Lt gk'¥ofO{ j]/Ltk"j{s tfd]nLul/Psf] 5 . uf=lj=;= sf] lkpgnfO{ Dofba'emfpFb}df /Ltk"j{s tfd]n ePsf] eGg ldNb}g .:yfgLo enfb\dLx¿nfO{ ;d]t Dofb tfd]nLdf;fIfL /flvPsf] 5}g . c=j+= !!) g+= sf] /Ltgk'¥ofO{ Dofb tfd]nL ePsf] l:yltdf uf]/vfkqdf;"rgf k|sfzg ul/g'nfO{ kof{Kt dfGg gldNg]ePsfn] dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L xf];\ eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] ax; ug'{eof] . ljkIfL alb{of/fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{no ;d]tsf] tkm{af6 pkl:ytljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf >L wd{/fh kf}8]n Pj+ljåfg clwjQmf åo >L nf]s]Gb|Wjh vfF8 / lag'>]i7n] ljkIfLn] ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf g} gkfPsf] eGg]em"7f xf] . sfof{noaf6 hf/L ePsf] Dofb tfd]nug{ glbO{ ljkIfL efu]/ lx8]sf] cj:yf 5 .uf=lj=;=sfof{nodf Dofb 6fF; ubf{ uf=lj=;=dfa:g] JolQmx¿nfO{ ;fIfL /fVg' kof{Kt x'G5 .ljkIfLsf] ;'g'jfOsf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{s}nflu uf]/vfkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/Psf] xf] .alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h ;d]taf6 eP u/]sfsfdsf/jfxLdf s'g} sfg"gL q'l6 ljBdfg gx'Fbfdfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g ;Sg] cj:yf5}g l/6 vf/]h xf];\ egL ug'{ ePsf] ax; ;d]t;'lgof] .

k]z ePsf] l/6 lgj]bg;lxtsf] ldl;nsfuhft cWoog u/L b'j}tkm{sf ljåfg sfg"gJoj;foLx¿sf] ax; lhsL/nfO{ b[li6ut ubf{

k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bssf] dfu adf]lhdsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf] xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdflg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ c=j+= !!)g+= sf] k|lqmof gk'¥ofO{ Dofb tfd]nL u/LdnfO{ ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf g} glbO{ dpk/ u}F8fdf/L u}F8fsf] vfu v/Lb ljqmL u/]sf] d'2fnufO{ ^ jif{ s}b / ?=!,)),))).– h/Ljfgfx'g] u/L ljkIfL lgs'~h sfof{noaf6 km};nfePsf] s'/f dnfO{ kqmfp u/L ldlt @)^*.!).!df s}bdf /fv]kl5 dfq yfxf x'g cfPsf],To;kl5 c=j+= @)* g+= adf]lhd aofg k|ltjfbug{ kfpFm egL lgj]bg lbPsf]df ljkIfLaf6pQm lgj ]bg ;d]t vf/ ]h ul/Psf ] tLsfdsf/jfxLx¿af6 ;+ljwfg k|bQ df}lnsxsdf aGb]h nfUg uPsf] / k|fs[lts Gofol;4fGt ;d]tsf] ljk/Lt ePsfn] ljkIfLx¿sf;Dk " 0 f { s fdsf/j fx L ab/ u/ LaGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L y'gfd'Qmul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bgsf] d'Vo dfubfjL /x]5 .

#= l/6 lgj]bs bLkgf/fo0f >]i7 ;d]tnfO{k|ltjfbL agfO{ u}F8f df/L u}F8fsf] vfu v/LblaqmL u/]sf] cleof]u nufO{ alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsfof{nodf d'2f bfo/ eP kl5 pQm sfof{nosf]ldlt @)^*.(.& sf] km};nfadf]lhd nfu]sf] s}baif{ ^ / Psnfv h/Lafgf c;"n ug]{ qmddfldlt @)^*.!).@ df s}bL k"hL{ lbO{ lghk|ltjfbLnfO{ s}bdf /flvPsf] kfOG5 . pQm d'2fdfk|ltjfbLnfO{ ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf glbO km};nful/Psf] x'gfn] ;f] km};nfadf]lhd /flvPsf] s}bu}/sfg"gL /x]sf] eGg] g} l/6 lgj]bssf] d"nlhsL/ ePsfn] lgj]bsnfO{ ;'g'jfOsf] df}sflbOPsf] xf] xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf x]g'{ kg]{ x'gcfPsf] 5 .


16361636163616361636

$= pQm u}F8f df/L u}F8fsf] vfu v/LblaqmL u/]sf] d'2fdf oL l/6 lgj]bssf] jtgæalb{of lhNnf dgfp uf=lj=;= j8f g+=*gf}/Ëf a:g]Æ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 .pQm lgs'~h sfof{noaf6 lghsf gfddf ldlt@)^%.#.@% df hf/L ePsf] #) lbg] Dofbdflghsf] jtg cleof]ukqdf n]lvPadf]hd g}cyf{t\ alb{of lhNnf dgfp uf=lj=;= j8fg+=*, gf}/Ëf a:g] pNn]v eO{ hf/L eO{ tfd]nx'Fbf /Lt gk'uL tfd]n ePsf] eGg] cfwf/dfldlt )^^.$.!* df pQm Dofb ab/ eO{ k'gMlgh k|ltjfbL bLkgf/fo0f >]i7sf gfddf ldlt@)^^.^.@! df Dofb hf/L ePsf]df pQm Dofbdfklg k|ltjfbLsf] jtg ;flasadf]lhd g} alb{oflhNnf dgfp uf=lj=;= j8f g+= * v'nfOPsf]ldl;naf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . ldlt @)^^.&.!*df tfd]n ePsf] pQm Dofbsf] tfd]nL k|ltx]bf{ dgfp uf=lj=;= sfof{nodf a'emfOPsf] /6fF; ePsf] eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]v eO{ ;f]xLuf=lj=;= leqsf kfFrhgf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;fIfL/flvPsf] kfOof] . pQmadf]lhd Dofb tfd]nx'bf ;d]t k|ltjfbL bLkgf/fo0f pkl:ytgePkl5 ldlt @)^* ;fpg @! ut]sf]uf]/vfkqdf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/LDofb tfd]nL ePsf] kfOof] .

%= o;k|sf/ oL l/6 lgj]bs bLkgf/fo0f>]i7sf] jtg km/s kf/L Dofb hf/L ePsf]geO{ lghsf] vf; jtgdf g} Dofb hf/L ePsf]b]lvPsf] 5 . lnlvt hjfkmdf lghsf] 3/7]ufgfdf uPsf sd{rf/Ln] vf]htnf; ubf{n'lsl5kL ufpFdf a;]/ Dofb ga'em]sf], :yfgLodflg;x¿n] dgfp uf=lj=;= j8fg+= * gf}/+ufdflghsf] 3/ egL lrgfPsf] 3/df Dofb 6fF; ug{vf]Hbf 6fF; ug{ glbPsf] sf/0faf6 lghsf]

:yfoL 7]ufgf v'n]sf] dgfp ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf]sfof{nodf l5d]sL / eb|enfbdLx¿sf] /f]xj/dfDofb 6fF; u/L tfd]n ePsf] eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf]kfOG5 . ;f]adf]lhd tfd]nL u/]kl5 klglgj]bsn] pNn]v u/]sf ] jtg g} v'nfO{uf]/vfkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] cj:yf;d]t /x]sf] 5 . ;+nUg kmfO{naf6 oL lgj]bs;d]tnfO{ Dofb hf/L u/L ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf lbg];DaGwdf jlb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{noaf6ldlt @)^%.#.@% b]vL @)^*.$.@! ;DddfljleGg sfdsf/jfxL ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;};Gbe{df lgs'~h sfof{noaf6 klxnf] k6s ldlt@)^&.$.!# df ePsf] km};nfsf] hgfp lbO{ oLbLkgf/fo0f >]i7nfO{ k7fOPsf] r=g++ @)% ldlt@)^&.$.!$ sf] /lhi6«L kq ;d]t k|fKt u/Lu}+8f df/]sf] cleof]u nufO{ d'2f rnfOPsf]hfgsf/L lghn] kfO;s]sf] oyfy{ cj:yf /x]sf]eGg] ;d]t lnlvt hjfkm Joxf]/fdf v'nfOPsf]5 . pQm Joxf]/fnfO{ oL lgj]bstkm{af6 v08gug{ ;s]sf] kfOb}g .

^= xfd|f] sfg"g k|0ffnLn] Dofb tfd]nLk|lqmofnfO{ lg/k]If Pj+ oflGqs k|lqmofsf] ¿kdfgeO{ ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] lj?4 nufOPsf]cleof]u jf bfjLsf] ljifodf oyf;dodf ;"lrtu/fO{ k|ltjfb ug{ df}sf kfpg] lghsf] clwsf/nfO{Jojxf/tM ;fy{s t'Nofpg] Ps ultzLn k|lqmofsf]¿kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . oyfy{df Dofbtfd]nL k|lqmofsf] p2]Zo ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{lghpk/ nfu]sf] cleof]u jf lghpk/ k/]sf]cGo s'g} bfjLsf] ljifodf oyf;dod} ;';'lrtu/fO{ cfkm\gf] k|lt/Iff ug{ kof{Kt df}sf k|bfgug'{ g} xf] . o; ;Gbe{df Dofb tfd]nL;DaGwdfoflGqs lgod nfu" eof] ePg eGg] s'/f dxTjsf]ljifo geO{ ;DalGwt JolQmn] To:tf] ;"rgf

16371637163716371637

*(!# –*(!# –*(!# –*(!# –*(!# – ;'ldqfb]jL sg'Og ;d]t lj=dfnkf]t sfof{no k;f{ ;d]t

oyf;do k|fKt ug'{ rflxF dxTjsf] x'G5 / o;af/]ljz]if ljrf/ ul/g] klg xf] .

&= k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;Gbe{dfx]l/Pdf dfly laa]rgf ul/Psf cfwf/ /sf/0fx¿af6 oL l/6 lgj]bsnfO{ k|ltjfbsf]df}sfaf6 g} al~rt ug]{ u/L s'g} sfdsf/jfxLePsf] eGg ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5}g .lgj]bsn] ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf gkfPsf] eGg] sygklg ljZjf;nfos b]lvg cfPg . ctM ;flwsf/lgsfoaf6 ePsf] km};nfadf]lhd nfu]sf] s}bc;"n ug{sf nflu lgj]bs bLkgf/fo0f >]i7nfO{s}bdf k7fOPsf] b]lvg cfPsfn] dfu adf]lhdsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g ;Sg] cj:yf /x]g . k|:t't l/6lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . ldl;n lgodfg';f/u/L a'emfOlbg" .pQm /fodf d ;xdt 5' .

Gof=ts{/fh e6[

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn c;f]h @* ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .Ohnf; clws[t M 6Lsf/fd cfrfo{

lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(!#*(!#*(!#*(!#*(!#

;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL)^%–WO–)!%&

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.^.*.@

ljifoM pTk|]if0f ldl>t k/dfb]z .

lgj]bsM lhNnf k;f{, jL/u~h pkdxfgu/kflnsfj8f g+ =!% a:g] ;'ldqfb]jL sg'Og ;d]t

lj?4ljkIfLM dfnkf]t sfof{no, k;f{ jL/u~h ;d]t

§ sfo{ljlw sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] k|lqmofcg';f/lg0f{o ubf{ JolQmsf] ;f/jfg xsdf c;/kg'{ :jfefljs x'G5, To;/L cbfntaf6pkrf/ k|bfg ubf{ ;f/jfg xsdf c;/kb{ }df sfo{ljlw;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{sfo{ljlw sfg"g xf]Og eGg gldNg] .

§ d'2f rNbfrNb}sf] cj:yfdf ePsf]n]gb]gnfO{ ab/ u/fpg Gofo k|zf;gP]gcGtu{t k'gM z'? lkm/fb ug'{kg{] bf]xf]/f]emGem6af6 d'Qm u/L lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &*s= n];xh pkrf/sf] dfu{;Dd k|z:t u/]sf]n]sfg"gL pkrf/ k|bfg ubf{ ;f/jfg xsdfc;/ k5{ eGg] cfwf/n] sfo{ljlw;DaGwLsfg"gnfO{ sfo{ljlw sfg"g xf]Og eGggldNg] .

§ lgod &*s= cGtu{t lg0f{o ubf{ ljjflbt;DklQsf] ljifodf klxn] d"n d'2faf6Ps k6s clGtd eO{ ljjflbt ;DklQsf]xs a]xssf] ;DaGwdf 6'Ëf] nflu;s]sf]km};nfsf] 7x/ lg0f{osf] kl/lwleq /x]/lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ .

§ lng]lbg] JolQmx¿ klxn] rn]sf] d'2fsfkIfx¿ geP klg ljjflbt ;DklQsf]ljifodf cbfntsf] lg0f{o klxn] e}GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 ;DklQ lng]lbg]JolQmx¿nfO{ a'emL ;a"b k|df0fx¿ s]nfO{lg0f{o x'g] / ;f] pk/ lrQ ga'em]dfk'g/fj]bg ug{] xs ;d]t ;'/lIft x'g]

&&&&&


16381638163816381638

ePsf]n] To;af6 JolQmsf] ;f/jfgclwsf/df c;/ k/]sf] g} ePklg cGoyfeGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!)_§ sfo{ljlw;DaGwL sfg"gn] JolQmnfO{

b08 ;hfo ug{] jf JolQmsf] xsclwsf/sf ] l;h {g f gug { ] x ' F b fsfo{ljlw;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{ sfg"g nfu"ePsf] ldlteGbf cufl8b]lv g} nfu"x'g] u/L cyf{t\ kZrft\bzL{ c;/(Restrospective Effect) x'g] u/L nfu"ug{ ;lsg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!@_§ cbfntaf6 ePsf] clGtd km};nf

sfof{Gogdf d'2f rNbfrNb}sf] cj:yfdfePsf] xs x:tfGt/0fn] pTkGg ePsf];d:ofnfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{ tyf km};nfsfof{GjognfO{ ;/n Pj+ ;xh agfpglhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf]t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk ePsf] lgod &*snfO{ cGoyf JofVof u/L k'gM pQmlgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfnfO{ cbfntsf]JofVofaf6 lgliqmo t'Nofpg' pko'Qmgx'g] .

§ lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf]lgod &*s sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g' eGbfcufl8sf] ldltdf xs x:tfGt/0f ePsf]sf/0fn] dfq ;f] ;DaGwdf k/]sf]lgj]bgsf] tYoleq k|j]z gu/L lgj]bgnfO{g} c:jLsf/ ug{ gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!#_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ k|zGgs[i0fbf; tyf ;ltzs'df/ emf

ljkIfL tkm{af6M jl/i7 ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ dxfb]jofbj / b ]j ] Gb | l; +x tyf ljåfgclwjQmfx¿ g/xl/ cfrfo{, k|]d v8\sf,lji0f'k|;fb sF8]n, huGgfy dxtf] l;+x,/fds[i0f sfkm\n] / /flhj cfrfo{

cjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)@* lg=g+= %*@§ g]sfk @)$( lg=g+= $^#!§ g]sfk @)^! lg=g+= &$#@§ g]sfk @)^% lg=g+= *)$#

;Da4 sfg"gM§ Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf§ lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf]

lgod &*s§ d'n'sL P]g, c=j+= !& g+=

cfb]zGof=bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ / !)&-@_ adf]lhdo;} cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/leqsf] eO{ k]z x'gcfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / 7x/o; k|sf/ 5M–

xfdL lgj]lbsfsf] :j= ;;'/f dugL ;fxgfpF btf{sf] ;fljs /}=g+= #( sf] h=lj= )–!)–) hUuf lgh :j= ;;'/f dugL ;fxn] lhNnfk;f{ d'8nL ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt j8f g+= # xfnP]= j8f g+= !% a:g] ;'/hLsf] nf]Ug] gs5]bL;fxnfO{ ?=!$$).– df ldlt @)@!.@.@& dfef]ujGwsL n]vL kf; u/L lbg' ePsf] lyof] .jxfF @)@@ ;fn cfiff9 dlxgfdf cfkm\gf]sfnutLn] k/nf]s x'g'eof] . ;e{] gfkL x'Fbf pQmhUuf lhNnf k;f{ gujf j8f g+= % ls=g+= @%sf] h=lj= )–!)–^ hUuf sfod ePsf] 5 .;;'/fsf] d[To'kZrft nf]Ug] hubLzk|;fbn] ;f]ef]uaGwsL km5\of{}6sf] nflu sf/jfxL ug'{ ePsf]df

16391639163916391639


?=!!)%.$& ltg{ afFsL /xg uPsf]n] ;f] /sda'emfPdf /lhi6«]zg km§f u/L lbg] egL tTsfnLge"ld k|zf;g sfof{no af/faf6 ldlt @)@^;fn ebf} ! ut] km};nf eof] . gs5]bL ;fxk/nf]s x'g' ePsf]n] lghsf] >LdtL ;'/hLnfO{;f] km};nfadf]lhdsf] /sd lnO{ lnvt km§fu/fO{ lbg'xf];\ eGbf hUuf e'6]nLsf] gfddf /fv]sf]n]/ lghx¿n] hUuf lkmtf{ ug{ /sd a'em\g OGsf/ug'{ ePsf]n] nf]Ug] hubLzn] lghx¿ pk/ef]ujGwsf] km§f lkmtf{ xs sfod btf{ ab/;d]tsf] tfln; ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pQm d'2frNbfsf] avt nf]Ug hubLzk|;fb af}nfxf eO{3/af6 efuL j]kQf x'g' ePsf]n] ;f] d'2f xfdLlgj]lbsfx¿n] ;sf/ u/L ;f] d'2fdf ;'hL{ /d'GgLnfn eGg] e'6]nL;Fu ldnfkq ubf{ ljkIfL;'hL{n] ef]u aGwsLsf] afFsL /sd a'emL lnO{xfdLx¿nfO{ hUuf lkmtf{ ug{] u/L xfd|f] xssfod u/L ef]u rng btf{ ;d]t sfod u/Lldnfkq eof] .

;f] ldnfkqcg';f/sf] hUuf btf{ ug{u/fpg hfFbf ldnfkqadf]lhdsf] pQm hUufd'2f rNbf rNb}sf] cj:yfdf d'GgLnfn eGg]e'6]nLn] ;fljqL b]jLnfO{ bfgkq n]vL ldlt@)$@.%.@) df /lhi6«]zg kf; ul/lbg' ePsf]/x]5 . xfd|f] xs ef]usf] hUuf d'2f kbf{kb{}ljkIfLx¿n] cfk;df hfn;fhL u/L lnPlbPsf]n] ;f] lnvt / btf{ ab/ u/L kfpgxfdL lgj]lbsfx¿n] d'2f bfo/ u/L txtxkm};nf x'Fb} ;DdfgLt ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 ldlt@)$@.%.@) sf] bfgkqsf] lnvt ab/ jfbLbfjLadf]lhd ljjflbt hUuf jfbLx¿sf] gfpFdfbtf{ ;d]t x'g] 7x5{ eGg] ldlt @)^!.!!.^df clGtd km};nf eof] . pQm km};nfadf]lhdk"hL{ lnO{ dfnkf]t sfof{no k;f{df bfv]n

vf/]h u/fpg hfFbf pQm hUuf ljleGgJolQmx¿sf] gfpFdf kf; e} uPsf]n] lgj]bgtfd]nLdf /fvL lbg] cfb]z ePsf] / pQmhUuf s–s;sf] gfpFdf uPsf] 5 egL kQfnufO{ x]bf{ ;fljqL b]jLn] lsQfsf6 u/L /fwf;'j]bL ;d]t ljleGg JolQmx¿nfO{ lnvt u/LlbPsf] /x]5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf lnvt ab/tkm{ /ls=g+= !@&( sf] )–)–& / ls=g+= !$#( sf])–)–!(–!! /f=jf= a} +saf6 /f]Ssf ;d]tu/fPsfn] ;f] hUuf km's'jf ;d]t u/L bfv]nvf/]h btf{ k"hL{ ;d]t kfpFm egL lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnLsf] lgod &*s= adf]lhd lhNnfcbfntdf lgj]bg lb Fbf lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnLsf] t];|f] ;+zf]wgn] ;f] eGbf cufj}ePsf] hUuf xs x:tfGt/0fsf] sfo{nfO{ cGoyfug{ gldNg] egL ldlt @)^$.(.@$ df cfb]zeof] . pQm cfb]z ab/sf nflu c=j+= !& g+=cGtu{t k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf ph"/L lgj]bgu/ ]sf ]df ldlt @)^%.%.@) df lhNnfcbfntaf6 ePsf] cfb]z j]/Ltsf] gb]lvFbfsfg"gadf]lhd ug'{ egL cfb]z eof] . pk/f]Qmcfb]zx¿nfO{ ab/ u/L kfpg cGo sfg"gLpkrf/ pknAw gePsf]n] ;DdfgLt cbfntsf]c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]qsf] z/0f kg{ cfPsf5f} .

d'2f rNbfrNb}sf] l:yltdf x'g] xsx:tfGt0fsf] Jojxf/ sfg"gL ge} b"lift x'g] egL;DdfgLt cbfntaf6 o;} ljjfbsf] d'Vo ;|f]tsf]¿kdf /x]sf ] bfgkqsf] ;DaGwdf ldlt@)^!.!!.^ sf] km};nfdf af]Ng'sf ;fy} c;+Vol;4fGtx¿ ;d]t k|ltkflbt x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ .tyflk ;f] adf]lhdsf] k|To]s b"lift lnvt ab/u/fpg lnvt} lkR5] d'2f u/L /fVg ;d:ofePsf]n] km};nf sfof{Gjog g} x'g g;Sg] ;d:of


16401640164016401640

ePkl5 lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLsf] lgod&*s= sf] k|i6 Joj:yf /flvPsf] xf] . ;f] lgodsf]Joj:yf adf]lhd k|:t't ljjfb klg km};nfsfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf], ljjfbsf] ;DklQ;DdfgLt cbfntsf] km};nfn] xfd|f] lglj{jfbxs sfod eO{ cGo k|lt/IfLx¿sf aLrdf ePsf]lnvt Jojxf/x¿ dWo]sf] ;a}eGbf h]7f] lnvtcyf{t\ ldlt @)$@.%.@) sf] bfgkqsf] lnvtg} b"lift 7x/ e} ab/ e};s]sf] cj:yfdf bftfs}xs sfod /xg g;s]sf] xsb}ofljxLg JolQmaf6cGo k|lt/IfLx¿n] pQm d'2f rNbf rNb}sf]l:yltdf u/fOPsf ljjfbsf lnvtx¿ sfod/xg g;Sg] k|i6 5 .

lhNnf k;f{ gujf j8f g+= % sf]ls=g+= @% sf] )–!)–% sf] ;Dk"0f{ lsQf hUuf@)@! ;fnsf] ef]ujGwsL lnvtn] xfd|f ]xsnfO{ ljjflbt agfPsf] sf/0f @)@# ;fnb]lvcgj/t ¿kdf Gofosf] nflu k|of;/t 5' .;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^!.!!.^ ePsf]km};nfaf6 xfd|f] lglj{jfb xs sfod 5 .ldlt @)^!.!!.^ sf] km};nf sfof{Gjogsf]nflu km};nf ePsf] ldltdf sfod /x]sf]lgodfjnLsf] P]= Joj:yf nufotsf sfg"gLJoj:yf g } cfslif {t x 'g ] xf ] . km };nfsfof{Gjgosf nflu sf/jfxLsf] yfngL ubf{h'g sfo{ljlw sfg"g ljBdfg 5 ;f]xL nfu"x'g] ;DaGwdf ;DdfgLt cbfntaf6 ljleGgd'2fdf l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ePsf] 5 .

lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf]lgod &*s= sf] ;+zf]wg x'g'k"j{ g} lnvtx¿v8f ePsf] eGg] ;DaGwdf ;+zf]wg kl5sf]ldlt @)%(.%.@$ /=g+= !!%% ;d]tsf] lnvtk |:t 't ljjfbdf ;dfj ]z 5 . km };nfsfof{Gjogsf] nflu lgj]bg bfo/ ubf{ sfod

/x]sf] sfg"g g} nfu" x'g] egL /x]sf] sfg"gLJofVofsf] l;4fGt Pj+ sfo{ljlw sfg"gn]kZrftbzL{ c;/ u|x0f ug{ ;Sg] egL ;DdfgLtcbfntaf6 ljsf; /fpt s'dL{ lj?4 ;nf{xLlhNnf cbfnt ;d]t -g]sfk @)$(, lg=g+=$^#!, k[=*** ;=O{=_ sf] d'2fdf k|ltkflbtl;4fGt ;d]tsf] k|lts"n /x]sf] x'Fbf ab/efuL5 . ctM ljkIfLx¿sf] ldlt @)^@.(.!(,@)^$.(.@$ , @)^%.%.@) sf] cfb]zn] d]/f];fljsb]lv lghL ;DklQ / ;DdfgLt cbfnts}ldlt @)^!.!!.^ sf] km};nfn] kfPsf] ;DklQbtf{ u/fO{ ef]u rng ug{] xsnufot g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !#-!_ !#-@_,!( åf/f k|bQ df}lns xsdf k|ToIftM cf3ftk/]sf]n] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #@, !)&-@_ cGtu{tk|:t't lgj]bg ug{ cfPsf 5f}+ . t;y{ pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zåf/f plNnlvt cfb]zx¿ / ;f]sf cl3kl5klg cGo s'g} sfd, sf/jfxL, lg0f{o kqfrf/x¿ePsf eP ;f] ;d]t ab/ u/L xfd|f] xssf]hUuf ;DdfgLt cbfntsf] km};nfadf]lhdbtf{sf] nflu lgj]bg dfu adf]lhd cGok|lt/IfLx¿sf gfdsf] btf{ ab/ u/L lgj]bssfgfpFdf btf{ u/L lbg' egL k|lt/IfLx¿sf gfddfk/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm . ;fy} ;jf{]Rrcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod $!adf]lhd pQm hUuf oyfl:yltdf /fVg' egLcGtl/d cfb]z ;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bgkq .

o; cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^%.^.!) dfljkIfLx¿sf] gfddf sf/0f b]vfp cfb]z hf/LePsf] .

lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf]lgod &*s= ldlt @)%(.$.@) ut] b]lv nfu"ePsf] 5 . ;f] lgod nfu" x'g'eGbf klxnf e}

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;s]sf] xs x:tf/Gt/0fnfO{ kl5 ag]sf] lgodn]ab/ ug{ ldNb}g . lgodfjnLsf] pQm Joj:yfe"tk|efjL 5}g, x'g ;Sb}g . k|rlnt sfg"gsf]/Lt k'¥ofO{ ePsf] xs x:tfGt0fsf] lnvtn] oLl/6 lgj]bssf] xs uPsf] /x]5 eg] g]kfnsf]k|rlnt sfg"gsf] af6f] cjnDag u/]/ ;DalGwtlgsfoaf6 P]gsf xbDofbleq ph"/ u/]/ ;f]nfO{ab/ u/fpg ;Sg' k5{ . lgod &*s= n] l/6lgj]bsnfO{ ;xof]u ub{}g . z'? k;f{ lhNnfcbfntn] u/]sf] cfb]znfO{ ;b/ ug{] u/L ePsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}8fsf] ldlt @)^%.%.@)sf] cfb]z sfg"g;+ut /x] ePsf]n] ljkIfLsf] l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpmF eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]ef]h/fh ;'j]bL / /fwf ;'j]bLsf] ;+o'Qm lnlvthjfkm .

o; sfof{noaf6 /=g+= $@% ldlt@)$@.%.@) sf] kfl/t bfg kqadf]lhd gujfj8f g+= % ls=g+= @% sf] h=lj= )–!)–% hUufd'GgLnfn -e'6]nL_ ;fx sfg'sf] gfpFaf6 ;fljqLb]jL sfg'sf] gfpdf ;|]:tf sfod ePsf] / lghsf]gfdaf6 ls=g+= @% sfod e} ljleGg JolQmsf]gfpFdf lnvt kfl/t eO{ uPsf] ;|]:tfaf6 b]lvG5 .o; sfof{noaf6 u}/sfg"gL sfo{ eP u/]sf] 5}g .t;y{ o; sfof{nopk/ pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]zhf/L x''g' kg{] xf]Og . l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hefuL 5eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] dfnkf]t sfof{no k;f{sf]lnlvt hjfkm .

jfbLsf] hUuf km};nf sfof{Gjogsf]cj:yfdf x:tfGt/0f ePsf] ge} km};nf x'g'eGbfaiff{} cufl8 v/Lb ljqmL ePsf] 5 . d'2f km};nfe};s]kZrft km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf l;h{gfx'G5 . km};nf x'g'eGbf cufl8 km};nf sfof{Gjogsf]cj:yf cfpFb}g . k;f{ lhNnf cbfntaf6 cfwf// sf/0f vf]nL ldlt @)^$.(.@$ ut] ePsf]

cfb]znfO{ ;b/ ug{] u/L k'g/fj]bg cbfntx]6f}+8faf6 ldlt @)^%.%.@) ut] ePsf] cfb]zab/ x''g'kg{] xf]Og . l/6 lgj]bg lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &*s= g+= ljk/Lte} vf/]hefuL 5 eGg] ;d]t O;f >]i7sf] lnlvthjfkm .

ljkIfLsf] lgj]bg bfjLadf]lhd o; a}+szfvf sfof{no, >Lk'/af6 ;fljqL b]jLsf] gfdsfhUufx¿ /f]Ssf /fVg] sfo{ gu/]sf] tyf lgj]bgdfpNn]v ul/Psf ljifox¿df o; a+}s zfvf sfof{no,>Lk'/;Fu s'g} klg ;/f]sf/ gePsf] / o; a}+szfvf sfof{no, >Lk'/nfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ l/6 bfo/ug{] xsb}of ljkIfLnfO{ gePsf] x'Fbf o; a}+ssf]zfvf sfof{no >Lk'/sf] xsdf pQm l/6 lgj]bgsfg"gtM cf}lrToxLg tyf k|yd b[li6df g}vf/]hefuL ePsf]n] vf/]h ul/kfpF eGg] ;d]t/fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s >Lk'/sf] lnlvt hjfkm .

ljkIfLn] @)%@ ;fndf cfPsf] lhNnfcbfnt lgodfjnL / To;df klg @)%( ;fndfcfPsf] t];|f] ;+zf]wgsf] lgod &*s= nfO{ Psdfq/ csf6\o sfg"gL cfwf/ agfpg' ePsf] 5 .@)$^.@.* df hUuf lng'lbg'sf] sfd x'g' kZrftcfPsf] pQm lgod &*s= ljkIfLsf ;Gbe{dfsfo{ljlw dfq x'g ;Snf t/ xfd|f gfddf sfg"gL/Lt / k|lqmof k"/f u/]/ ;Ifd sfof{noaf6u/fPsf] sfg"gL lnvt / ;f] cfwf/df ePsf]btf{ csf/0f ab/ x'g] xf] eg] ;f/jfg ¿kdf/x]sf] xfd|f] sfg"gL xs u'Dg hfg] lglZrt\ 5 .ljkIfLn] ghL/ ;d]t c;fGble{s pNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 . o:tf c;fGble{s ghL/n] klgljkIfLsf] dfunfO{ ;dy{g ug{ ;Sg] xf]Ogg\ .ljkIfLsf] lgj]bg ab/ xf];\ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]dLgf l3ld/] / ljdnf vgfnsf] ;+o'Qm lnlvthjfkm .


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lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf]lgod &*s= sf] sfg"g sfo{ljlw ;DaGwLgeO{ ;f/jfg sfg"g ePsf] / ;f] sfg"gLJoj:yfnfO{ ljkIfLn] u}/sfg"gL tj/af6 ;xf/flnO{ k;f{ lhNnf cbfntdf b=g+= %!&& ldlt@)^@.!!.@ df btf{ u/fPsf] lgj]bgaf6 d;d]tsf] gfpFdf Dofb hf/L eO{ k|ltpQ/ k/L˜tfl/vdf /xL d'2f k'k{If eO{ ;f] d'2fdfk;f { lhNnf cbfntaf6 lgj ]bgkqsf ]ljifoj:t'df pQm lgodfjnLsf] lgod &*s=cfs[i6 x'g g;Sg] egL ldlt @)^$.(.@$ dfcfb]z ePsf] 5 . kIf ljkIf /xL lgj]bg /k|ltpQ/ k/L d'2f k'k{If u/L gfkL zfvf /dfnkf]t sfof{no ;d]taf6 k|df0f sfuh a'emLkm};nf lsgf/f ;/x ePsf] clGtd cfb]zpk/Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf * sf]pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg gu/L ;f]ldlt @)^$.(.@$ sf] cfb]zpk/ ljkIfLn]u}/sfg"gL tj/af6 cbfntL aGbf]j:tsf] !&g+= adf]lhd btf{ u/fPsf] lgj]bgdf k'g/fj]bgcbfnt x]6f} +8faf6 ldlt @)^%.%.@) sf]cfb]zpk/ c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]qdf k|j]z u/Lo; ;DdfgLt ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf btf{ ePsf]pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]zsf] l/6 lgj]bg lhNnfcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &*s=,c=j+= !& g+=, Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf * -!_ g+= ;d]tsf] q'l6 x'Fbf k|:t't l/6lgj]bg vf/]hefuL 5 .

lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf]lgod &*s= ldlt @)%(.$.@) df t];|f ];+zf]wgaf6 yk ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] lgod &*s=kZrftbzL{ -Retrospective effect_ x'g] u/LagfOPsf] kfOb}g . lgod &*s= km};nfsf]sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfdf s'g} d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt

rn crn ;DklQsf] xs s'g} lsl;daf6x:tfGt/0f ul/Pdf dfq nfu" x'g] x'Fbf ldlt@)%(.$.@) df ag]sf] sfg"gsf] cfwf/df ldlt@)$^.@.* df kfl/t ePsf] /fhLgfdf lnvt ;f]lgod &*s= g+= n] ab/ ug{ gldNg] x'Fbf ljkIfLsf];f] cfwf/df btf{ ePsf] k|:t't pTk|]if0fo'Qmk/dfb]zsf] l/6 lgj]bg k|i6 u}/sfg"gL x'Fbfvf/]hefuL 5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] dy'/fk|;fbkf}8]nsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

;;'/f d'GgLnfn eGg] e'6]nL ;fx sfg"n];fljqLb]jL sg'OgnfO{ cfkm\gf] gfpF btf{sf]ls=g+= @% sf] hUuf bfgkq lnvt ul/lbg'ePsf]df ;f] kfl/t bfgkq pk/ ;f;" lktfDa/Lb]jL / d k"hfb]jL b'O{ hgf jfbL eO{ k;f{lhNnf cbfntdf lnvt btf{ ab/ d'2f bfo/ePsf]df d k"hfb]jLsf] xsdf bfjL gk'Ug] t/;f;" lktfDa/L b]jLsf] xsdf bfgkqsf]lnvtsf] tLg v08sf] Ps v08 bfjLcg';f/lnvt ab/ x'g] 7x/L k;f{ lhNnf cbfntaf6ldlt @)$$.(.@* df km};nf eO{ pQm km};nfclGtd ePsf]n] cbfntsf] k"hL{ cg';f/ ls=g+=@% sf] )–!)–% hUufsf] pQ/tkm{af6 ls=g+=*%( sfod eO{ )#*% hUuf bfv]n vf/]hk|df0fk"hf{ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . pQm clGtd km};nfsxL st}af6 ab/ ePsf] 5}g . lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnLsf] lgod &*s= k|:t't d'2fdfcfslif{t x'g ;Sb}g . l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'k5{eGg] lktfDa/Lb]jL sg'Ogsf] d'2f ;sf/ u/Lxsdf ;d]t k'hf b]jL sg'Ogsf] lnlvthjfkm .

b]=g+= !&@& sf] lnvt btf{ ab/ btf{ d'2fdfk;f{ lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt @)$$.(.@@ dfePsf] km};nf clGtd 5 . ;f] km};nfadf]lhdcfdf lktfDa/L b]jLsf] gfpdf ePsf] bflvn vf/]h

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btf{ ;d]t st}af6 ab/ ePsf] 5}g . ;f] km};nf /bfv]n vf/]h btf{ ab/tkm{ ljkIfLx¿sf] dfu bfjL;d]t 5}g . ljkIfLsf] dfu bfjL g} gePsf] s'/fdfcgfjZos ¿kdf d ;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL agfOPsf]5 . ljkIfLsf] b]=g+= %!&& ldlt @)^@.!!.@ sf]lgj]bg / ;f]sf] cfwf/df ePsf] cfb]zx¿pk/ljkIfLx¿n] o; cbfntdf btf{ u/fPsf] pTk|]if0fo'Qmk/dfb]zsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &*s= c=j+= !& g+=Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf & / bkmf *-!_, hUuf khgLsf] !& g+= / g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !#-!_ !#-@_, !( / #@,!)&-@_ ;d]t ljk/Lt eO{ l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hefuL5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|e'k|;fb ;fx sfg"sf]lnlvt hjfkm .

lhNnf cbfnt -t ]; | f ] ; +z f ]wg_lgodfjnL, @)%( af6 yk ePsf] lgod&*s= n] km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf]s'g} d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt rn jf crn ;DklQsf]xs s'g} lsl;daf6 x:tfGtl/t ul/Psf] ePdf/ d'2fsf kIfn] lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn] To:tf];DklQ n]gb]g ug{] JolQmnfO{ ;ft lbg] Dofbhf/L u/L a'emL ;f]xL ldl;naf6 sf/jfxL /lsgf/f ug{ ;Sg]5 eGg] u/]sf] Joj:yfn]sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfdf g/x]sf] ljifoj:t'nfO{cfslif{t ug{] s'/f cfpFb}g . ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6@)^!.!!.^ ut] ePsf] km};nf sfof{Gjogsf]nflu hUuf ljleGg ldltdf ljleGg JolQmaLrhUuf x:tfGt/0f ePsf] s'/f :jo+ ljkIfLn]cfkm\gf] lgj]bgdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yfdfcfslif{t g} gx'g] lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLsf]lgod &*s= sf] cfwf/n] ljkIfLn] lgj]bgdfpNn]v u/]sf] lnvtx¿ ab/ x'g] s'/f cfpFb}g .k;f{ lhNnf cbfntsf] @)^$.(.@$ sf]

cfb]znfO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fn] j]/Ltsf]gb]lvFbf sfg"gadf ] lhd ug' { egL ldlt@)^%.%.@) df u/]sf] cfb]zdf sfg"g tyfghL/sf] q'l6 g/x]sf]n] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpmF eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] ;fljqLb]jLsg'Ogsf] d'2f ;sf/ u/L cfkm\gf] xsdf ;d]tl;b]gL ;fxsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

o; cbfntsf] sfdsf/jfxL sfg"gadf]lhdeO{ o:tf] sfdsf/jfxLn] lgj]bssf] xsflwsf/dfcf3ft k'u]sf] gb]lvFbf o; cbfntpk/df lbPsf]pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g] xf]Og, lgj]bssf] l/6lgj]bg vf/]h u/L kfpg ;fb/ cg'/f]w 5 eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] k;f{ lhNnf cbfntsf] lnlvthjfkm .

k;f{ lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^$.(.@$sf] cfb]zpk/ ljkIfL ;'ldqfb]jL sg'Og;d]tsf tkm{af6 o; cbfntdf c=j+= !& g+=cGtu{tsf] lgj]bg k/L ;f]df o; cbfntaf6ePsf cfb]zfg';f/ z'? k;f{ lhNnf cbfntdfk|fKt s}lkmot k|ltj]bg Ohnf; ;dIf k]zx' Fbf o;df cfwf/ / sf/0f vf]nL To;cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^$.(.@$ df ePsf] cfb]zj]l/tsf] gb]lvFbf sfg"gadf]lhd ug'{ egL o;cbfntsf ] ; +o 'Q m Ohnf;af6 ld lt@)^%.%.@) df ePsf] cfb]z kZrft pQms}lkmot k|ltj]bg;lxtsf ;Dk"0f { ldl;nsfuhft ;DalGwt k;f{ lhNnf cbfntdfrnfg eO{ uPsf] 5 eGg] ;d]t k'g/fj]bgcbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;'rLdf ;dfj]zeO{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bgdf lgj]bstkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ k|zGgs[i0fbf; tyf ;ltzs'df/ emfn] ljjflbt ;fljs/}=g+= #( sf] )–!)–) ;e{] gfkLdf sfod


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ls=g+= @% sf] )–!)–^ hUuf o; ;jf]{Rrcbfntsf] ldlt @)^!.!!.^ sf] km};nf cg';f/@)$@.%.@) sf] bfgkqsf] lnvt ab/ eO{jfbLx¿sf] gfddf btf{ x'g] 7x/L clGtd ePsf]dfljjfb 5}g . ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 ePsf] clGtdkm};nf sfof{Gjog x'g'k5{ eGg] ;DaGwdf klgljjfb 5}g . ljjflbt hUuf km};nf sfof{Gjogx'g' cl3 d'2f rNbfrNb}sf] cj:yfdf ljleGgJolQmx¿sf] gfddf lsQfsf6 eO{ uPsf] /a}+saf6 /f]Ssf ;d]t ePsf]df lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnLsf] lgod &*s= adf]lhd /f]Ssful/Psf] hUuf km''s'jf u/L bfv]n vf/]h btf{k"hL{ ;d]t kfpg lgj]bg lbPsf]df lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnL, @)%@ df ldlt @)%(.$.@) df;+zf]wg x'g' cl3 ePsf] xs x:tfGt/0fsf] xsdflgod &*s= sf] Joj:yf nfu" gx'g] egL z'?lhNnf cbfntdf JofVof u/L lg0f{o ul/Psf] /;f]xL lg0f{onfO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] ;b/ u/]sf]q'l6k"0f{ 5 . lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLdf@)%(.$.@) df ePsf] ;+zf ]wg km };nfsfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf kIfx¿n] cgfjZosx}/fgL Joxf]g{' gk/f]; eGg] p2]Zon] NofOPsf]xf] . To;}n] of] sfo{ljlw;DaGwL sfg"g ePsf]n]kZrftbzL{ c;/ x'g] u/L nfu" x'g ;S5 .To;df klg pQm ;+zf]wg kl5sf] ldlt@)%(.%.@$ /=g+= !!%% ;d]tsf] lnvt k|:t'tljjfbdf ;dfj]z 5 . ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6clGtd km};nf cg';f/ xs sfod ePsf] ljifodf;f]xL km};nfaf6 sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg] / af/Daf/d'2f u/L /xg' kg{] u/L z'? lhNnf cbfnt /k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o lhNnfcbfnt lgodfjnLsf] lgod &*s= sf] zAb /efjgfljk/Lt x'Fbf lgj]bssf] lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd cfb]z hf/L x'g'k5{ egL jx; ug'{eof] .

ljkIfL k"hfb]jLsf] tkm{af6 jl/i7 ljåfgclwjQmf b]j]Gb|l;+x tyf ljåfg clwjQmfx¿k|]d v8\sf tyf huGgfy dxtf] l;+xn] ljjflbtls=g+= @% sf] hUuf ;DaGwdf ljjflbt bfgkqsf]lnvt ab/ u/L kfpg k"hfb]jLsf] ;f;"lktfDa/Lb]jL / k"hfb]jL b'O{ hgf jfbL eO{ k;f{lhNnf cbfntdf lnvt btf{ ab/ d'2f bfo/ePsf]df k"hfb]jLsf] xsdf bfjL gk'Ug] ePklglghsL ;f;" lktfDa/L b]jLsf] xsdf bfgkqsf]lnvtsf] tLg v08sf] Ps v08 bfjLcg';f/lnvt ab/ x'g] 7x/L k;f{ lhNnf cbfntaf6ldlt @)$$.(.@* df km};nf eO{ pQm km};nfclGtd ePsf] 5 . cbfntsf] k"hL{ cg';f/ls=g+= @% sf] )–!)–% hUufsf] pQ/tkm{af6ls=g+= *%( sfod eO{ )#*% hUuf bflvnvf/]h k|df0f k'hf{ ;d]t k|fKt ePsf]n] pQmclGtd km};nf sxL st}af6 ab/ gePsf] xF'bfoL k"hfb]jLsf] xsdf l/6 hf/L x'g g;Sg]x'gfn] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'gk5{ . lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnLsf] lgod &*s= adf]lhd lgj]bgsf]sf/jfxL / lsgf/f Ohnf;af6 x'g'kg{] eGg]Joj:yf 5 . ;f]cg';f/ Ohnf;n] btf{ ab/ x'g]gx'g];Ddsf] lg0f{o ug'{kg{] x'Fbf lhNnf cbfntsf]lg0f{opk/ lgj]bsx¿nfO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf];fwf/0f clwsf/If]qcGtu{t k'g/fj]bg ug{];fwf/0f pkrf/sf] xs eO{ /x]sf]df c=j+= !&g+= sf] lgj]bgsf] /f]xaf6 k'g/fj]bgdf lgj]bglbO{ ;f] pk/ l/6 If]qflwsf/cGtu{t o;cbfntaf6 l/6 hf/L x'g ;Sb}g egL ax;ug'{eof] .

ljkIfL l;b]gL ;fxsf] tkm{af6 jl/i7ljåfg clwjQmf dxfb]j ofbj, ldgf l3ld/] /ljdnf vgfnsf] tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmf/fds[i0f sfkm\n] Pj+ dy'/fk|;fb kf}8\ofnsf]

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tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmf /flhj cfrfo{n] lhNnfcbfnt lgodfjnLsf] lgod &*s= cfslif{tx'gnfO{ d'2f km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfdfxs x:tfGt/0f ePsf] x'g'k5{ . lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnLdf ;+zf ]wg x 'g ' cl3sf ] xsx:tfGt/0fsf] ljifodf pQm lgod kZrftbzL{c;/ x'g] u/L cfslif{t x'g ;Sb}g . To;dfklg lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLdf @)%(.$.@)df ;+zf]wg x'g' cl3 xs x:tfGt/0f ePsf]ljifodf lgod &*s= sf] Joj:yf cfslif{t x'g;Sb}g egL ax; ug'{eof] .

To;}u/L ljkIfL /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+ssf]tkm{af6 clwjQmfx¿ g/x/L cfrfo{ Pj+ lji0f'k|;fbsF8]nn] ;fljqLb]jL C0fL eO{ ls=g+= !@&( /!$#( sf] hUuf /f]Ssf /x]sf]df xfn C0f r'QmfeO{ ljjflbt hUuf km's'jf eO{ ;s]sf] x'Fbf ljkIfLa}+ssf] xsdf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'k5{ egLax; ug'{eof] .

pkl:yt ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n] ug'{ePsf] jx; ;'gL k]z ePsf] ldl;n sfuhftx¿cWoog ul/of] .

k|:t't lgj]bgsf] tYo ;;{tL{ x]bf {lgj]bsx¿sf] ;;'/f dugL ;fxsf] gfdsf] /}=g+=#( sf] h=lj= )–!)–) hUuf xfn lhNnfk;f{ gujf j8f g+= % ls=g+= @% sf] )–!)–^ lgh dugL ;fxn] @)@!.@.@& df gs5]bL;fxnfO{ ?=!$$).– ef]uaGwsL n]vL kf;u/L lbPsf]df lghsf] @)@@ ;fn c;f/dfk/nf]s ePsf]n] pQm ef]u aGwsL lgvGgsfnflu sf/jfxL u/]sf]df ?=!!)%.$& afFsL/sd a'emfPdf /lhi6«]zg km§f ul/lbg] egLtTsfnLg e"ld k|zf;g sfof{no af/faf6@)@^.%.! df km};nf eof] . gs5]bL ;fxk/nf]s ePkl5 ef]u jGwsL km§f lkmtf{;DaGwL

d'2f rNb} hfFbf ;'hL{ / d'GgLnfn eGg]e'6]nL;Fu ef]u aGwsLsf] /sd a'emL hUuflk mt f { ug { ] u/ L ldnfkq eof ] . ; f ]ldnfkqcg';f/ hUuf btf{ u/fpg ;DalGwtsfof{nodf hfFbf pQm hUuf d'gLnfn eGg]e'6]nLn] ;fljqLb]jLnfO{ bfgkq n]vL ldlt@)$@.%.@) df /lhi6 « ]zg ul/;s ]sf ]b]lvPsf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf lnvt / btf{ ab/d'2f rNbf rNb} hfFbf ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6ldlt @)^!.!!.^ df bfgkqsf] lnvt ab/x 'g ] 7x¥ofO { km };nf ePsf ] 5 . pQmkm};nfadf]lhd k"hL{ lnO{ bflvn vf/]h u/fpgdfnkf]t sfof{no hfFbf ;f] hUuf ljleGgJolQmx¿sf] gfddf kf; eO{ uPsf]n] lgj]bgtfd]nLdf /flv lbg] lg0f{o eof] . o;/L d'2frNbfrNb} kfl/t ePsf lnvtx¿ ab/tkm{ //fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+saf6 ;d]t /f]Ssf ePsf]x' Fbf /f]Ssf hUuf kms'jfsf] nflu lhNnfcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &*s=adf]lhd k;f{ lhNnf cbfntdf lgj]bglbPsf]df lgj]bgdf plNnlvt hUufx¿ ;jf{]Rrcbfntaf6 ldlt @)^!.!!.^ df clGtd km};nfx'g' cufj} / lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLdf@)%(.$.@) df ;+zf]wg x'g'k"j{ ePsf] hUufsf]xs x:tfGt/0fnfO{ cGoyf ug{ gldNg] egLlhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^$.(.@$ df cfb]zePsf] / ;f] pk/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf c=j+=!& g+= sf ] /f ]xaf6 lgj]bg lb Fbf ldlt@)^%.%.@) df z'? cbfntsf] cfb]z ;b/x'g] 7x¥ofO{ cfb]z ePsf]n] pTk] |if0fsf ]cfb]zåf/f pk/f]Qm cfb]zx¿ ab/ u/L lgj]bgdfu adf]lhdsf hUufx¿sf] k|lt/IfLx¿sf]gfdsf] btf{ ab/ u/L lgj]bssf gfddf btf{u/L lbg' eGg] cfb]z ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bssf]


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d'Vo dfu /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6clGtd km};nf x'g' cl3 / lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnLdf ;+zf]lwt Joj:yf nfu" x'g' cl3ePsf] xs x:tfGt/0fsf] ljifodf pQm sfg"gLJoj:yf nfu" gx'g] Pj+ lktfDa/Lb]jLsf] xsdflghsf] lkm/fb bfjLcg';f/ bfgkqsf] lnvtsf]tLg v08sf] Ps v08 lnvt ab/ x'g] 7x/Lk;f{ lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt @)$$.(.@*df km};nf eO{ pQm km};nf clGtd ePsf]x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x''g'k5{ eGg] ljkIfLx¿sf]lnlvt hjfkm /x]5 .

lg0f{o ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t'tlgj]bgdf d'Votof k;f{ lhNnf cbfntaf6ldlt @)^$.(.@$ df ePsf] cfb]z c=j+= !&g+= sf] /f]xdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8faf6ldlt @)^%.%.@) df ePsf] cfb]z sfg"gljk/LtePsf] egL k|Zg p7fOPsf] b]lvG5 . lhNnfcbfntaf6 pQm ldltdf ePsf] cfb]z x]bf{ælgj]bg kqdf plNnlvt hUufx¿ ;DdfgLt;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^!.!!.^ df clGtdkm};nf x'g' cufj} o; cbfntsf] km};nf Pj+leGg leGg ldltdf ePsf txtx /fhLgfdflnvt ;d]taf6 lnlvt hjfkm k|:t'tstf{;d]tsf ljleGg JolQmx¿df xs x:tfGt/0fx'Fb} uPsf hUufsf] ;DaGwdf tt\kZrft ldlt@)%(.$.@) df NofO{Psf] lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnLsf] t];|f] ;+zf]wgn] ;f] eGbf cufj}ePsf] hUufsf] xs x:tfGt/0fsf] lqmofnfO{cGoyf ug{ ldNg] gb]lvFbf k|:t't lgj]bg kqsf]ljifoj:t'df pQm lgodfjnLsf] lgod &*s=cfs[i6 x'g ;Sg] ;d]t b]lvPg eGg] pNn]vePsf] b]lvG5 .

o;}u/L ;f] cfb]zpk/ oL lgj]bsx¿sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fdf c= j+= !& g+=

adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k/]sf]df k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6ldlt @)^%.%.@) df æcfwf/ / sf/0f vf]nLTo; cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^$.(.@$ df ePsf]cfb]z j]l/tsf] gb]lvFbf sfg"gadf]lhd ug'{Æ eGg]pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 .

lgj]bsx¿n] k;f{ lhNnf cbfntdf@)^@.!!.# df km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfsf]hUufx¿ ljleGg ldltdf ljleGg JolQmsf]gfddf ePsf] xs x:tfGt/0fsf] btf{ ab/ u/L/fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+saf6 ePsf] /f]Ssf km''s'jfu/L cbfntsf] clGtd km};nfadf]lhd pQmhUuf cfkm\gf] gfddf bflvn vf/]h btf{sf]k"hL{ kfpFm egL ldlt @)^@.!!.# df lgj]bglbPkl5 lhNnf cbfntaf6 ePsf] sf/jfxLx]bf{ lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf]lgod &*s= sf] Joj:yfcg';f/ ;DklQ lng]lbg] JolQmx¿nfO{ Dofb hf/L u/L a'em\g] sfdePsf] b]lvG5 . t/, ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ Dofbhf/L u/L a'em\g] k|lqmof k"/f ePkl5 lgj]bgbfjL tyf lnlvt hjfkmdf plNnlvt Joxf]/fsf;DaGwdf ;DalGwt sfof {noaf6 btf {;|]:tfnufotsf k|df0fx¿ a'em\g] sfd geO{ldlt @)%(.$.@) df NofO{Psf] lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnLsf] t];|f] ;+zf]wgn] ;f] eGbf cufj}ePsf] hUufsf] xs x:tfGt/0fsf] lqmofsf;DaGwdf pQm lgodfjnLsf] lgod &*s=cfs[i6 gx'g] egL lgj]bgsf] kL7df ldlt@)^$.(.@$ df GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6cfb]z ePsf] kfOG5 .

ljjflbt ls=g+= @% sf] hUuf slxn] slxn]s'g JolQmsf] gfddf xs x:tfGt/0f ePsf] /x]5 <

xfnsf] cj:yf s] 5 egL x]bf{ lbg] ;fljqL b]jLeO{ lgDg /=g+= / ldltdf lgDg JolQmx¿sf]gfddf /lhi6«]zg ePsf] lgj]bg n]vaf6 b]lvG5M–

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lng] /=g+= ldlt

/fwf ;'j]bL #*%! @)$^.%.*

ljdnf vgfn #*%% @)$^.@.*

dLgf l3ld/] #*%^ @)$^.@.*

;Ltfs'df/L #*%$ @)$^.^.@*

dy'/fk|;fb kf}8\ofn #*%@ @)$^.@.*

b'uf{k|;fb ;'j]bL @*%# @)$^.@.*

sdnfb]jL pkfWofo #*%) @)$^.@.*

sfG5Ldfof tfdfª ^*^@ @)%).#.#!

lktfDa/b]jL sg'Og @*@ @)%).!!.@%

sdnfb]jL bjf8L $^% @)%#.$.@%

l;b]gL ;fx sfg" %%& @)%$.%.#

pk/f]Qm hUufx¿ k'gM lgDg JolQmx¿sf]gfddf xs x:tfGt/0f ePsf] lgj]bg n]vdfpNn]v ePsf] kfOG5M–

pk/f]Qm hUufsf] xs x:tfGt/0fdWo]d+unf a/fnn] cldtf skfnLnfO{ ldlt@)%(.%.@$ df u/]sf] /lhi6«]zg lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnL, @)%@ df ldlt @)%(.$.@) df;+zf]wg eO{ lgod &*s= yk x'g' eGbf kl5ePsf] lgj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf] b]lvof] .

@= k|:t't tYosf] k[i7e"lddf k|:t'td'2fdf OG;fkm ug' {kg] { d'Vo k|Zgx¿sf];DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ lhNnf k;f{ gujf j8fg+= % ls=g+= @% sf] )–!)–^ hUuf o;;jf{ ]Rr cbfntsf] ldlt @)^!.!!.^ sf]km};nfadf]lhd ldlt @)$@.%.@) sf] bfgkqsf]lnvt ab/ eO{ pQm d'2fsf jfbLx¿sf] xssfod x'g] 7x/]sf] eGg] ;DaGwdf lgj]bs /ljkIfLx¿df ljjfb gb]lvPsf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdfljj]rgf u/L /xg k/]g . lktfDa/L b]jLsf]xsdf bfgkqsf] lnvtsf] tLg v08sf] Psv08 bfjLcg';f/ lnvt ab/ x'g] 7x/L k;f{lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt @)$$.(.@* dfkm};nf eO{ pQm km};nf clGtd ePsf] tYoljkIfLx¿sf] lnlvt hjfkmdf pNn]v ePsf]Pj+ km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] txdf hfFbf pQmhUuf ljleGg JolQmx¿sf ] gfddf xsx:tfGt/0f eO{ uO;s]sf] cj:yfdf lgj]bsn]lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod&*s adf]lhd cGo JolQmx¿sf] gfddf ePsf]btf{ ab/ u/L cfkm\gf] gfddf bflvn vf/]hsf]k"hL{ kfpg lhNnf cbfntdf lgj]bg u/]sf]dflhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLsf] lgod &*s nfu"x'g' cl3sf] hUufsf] xs x:tfGt/0fdf pQmlgod &*s sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g g;Sg]lhNnf cbfntaf6 cfb]z eO{ ;f]xL cfb]znfO{c=j+= !& g+= sf] /f]xaf6 k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6;b/ ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] k|:t't lgj]bgdf

lbg] lng] /=g+= ldlt

sdnfb]jL ;'zLnf l/dfn &(&# @)%^.#.%

sdnfb]jL dgf]hs'df/ l;+x $)#% @)%@.!!.!%

b'uf{k|;fb ;'j]bL ef]h/fh ;'j]bL @^#^ @)%&.*.!*

;Ltfs'df/L zLnf zdf{ e§ $#%% @)%).!@.*

zLnf zdf{ e§ O{zf >]i7 **)) @)%&.@.^

O;f >]i7 d+unf a/fn ^)$* @)%$.@.#

d+unf a/fn cldtf skfnL !!%% @)%(.%.@$


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d'Votof lgDg k|Zgx¿df lg0f{o lbg'kg{ ]b]lvof]M–

• lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^$.(.@$df Pj+ k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^%.% .@) df ePsf cfb ]zsfg"gadf]lhd 5g\, 5}gg\ <

• pQm cfb]zaf6 lgj]bsx¿sf] sfg"g k|bQxs clwsf/ xgg\ ePsf] 5 5}g <

• lgj]bssf] dfu adf]lhd cfb]z hf/L x'G5x'Fb}g <

k|:t't k|Zgx¿sf] lg/fs/0fsf] nflu d'Vo¿kn] lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf]lgod &*s= df ldlt @)%(.$.@) b]lv cl3ePsf] hUufsf] xs x:tfGt/0fdf kZrftbzL{c;/ x'g] u/L nfu" x'G5 x'Fb}g eGg] ;DaGwdfJofVof x'g'kg{] x'g cfof] .

lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf]lgod &*s= sf] k"0f{ kf7 lgDgfg';f/ b]lvG5M–

&*s lgj]bgaf6 sf/jfxL ug{]Mkm};nf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] s'g}d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt rn jf crn ;DklQsf]xs s'g} lsl;daf6 x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] ePdf/ d'2fsf kIfn] lgj]bg lbPdf cbfntn]To:tf] ;DklQ n]gb]g ug{] JolQmnfO{ ;ftlbg] Dofb hf/L u/L a'emL ;f]xL ldl;naf6sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf]lgj]bgpk/ sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug{] sfo{GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 x'g]5 .

#= pk/f]Qm lgod &*s= lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnL, @)%@ df ePsf] t];|f] ;+zf]wgldlt @)%(.$.@) b]lv nfu" ePsf] 5 . k|:t'tlgoddf ePsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfn] km};nfsfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfdf d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt rnjf crn ;DklQsf] xs x:tfGt/0f eO{ uPsf]b]lvPdf km};nfadf]lhd ;DalGwt kIfsf] xssfod u/fpg ;d:of pTkGg x'g] x'Fbf ;f];d:of lg/fs/0fsf] nflu d'2fsf kIfn]cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] / ;f]xL lgj]bgsf]/f ]xaf6 ;DalGwt ;DklQ n ]gb ]g ug { ]JolQmx¿nfO{ a'emL GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;n] To;}ldl;naf6 sf/jfxL lsgf/f ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yful/Psf] k|:6 b]lvG5 . lgDg tLg cj:yfdfk|:t't lgod cfslif{t x'g] b]lvG5M

• km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfdf s'g} d'2f/x]sf] x'g'kg]{,

• To:tf] d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt rn jf crn;DklQsf] xs s'g} lsl;daf6 x:tfGt/0ful/Psf] b]lvg' kg]{,

• ;f] ;DaGwdf d'2fsf kIfn] lgj]bg lbPdfcbfntn] To:tf] ;DklQ n]gb]g ug{]JolQmnfO{ ;ft lbg] Dofb hf/L u/L a'emL;f]xL ldl;naf6 sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug{;Sg] .

$= pk/f]Qm cj:yfx¿ k|:t't d'2fdf5g 5}gg egL x]bf{ ldlt @)$@.%.@) sf]bfgkqsf] lnvt ab/ ;DaGwdf k/]sf] d'2fdfldlt @)^!.!!.^ df ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf clGtdkm};nf eO{ sfof{Gjgsf nflu lgj]bsx¿ lhNnfcbfntdf uPsf] eGg] ;DaGwdf ljjfb b]lvb}g .km};nf sfof{Gjgdf hfFbf d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt

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crn ;DklQ ls= g+= @% sf] )–!)–% hUufsf]xs x:tfGt/0f ljleGg JolQmx¿sf] gfddfeO;s]sf] klg lglj{jfb b]lvG5 . t/ ;DklQsf]xs x:tfGt/0f km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfdfgePsf] / lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLsf] pk/f]QmJoj:yf cfpg' cl3 g} ePsf] xs x:tfGt/0fdfpQm lgod nfu" x'g g;Sg] Pj+ lktfDa/Lb]jLsf]xsdf bfgkqsf] lnvtsf] tLg v08sf] Psv08 bfjLcg';f/ ab/ x'g] 7x/L k;f{ lhNnfcbfntaf6 ldlt @)$$.(.@* df km};nf eO{sfof{Gjog ;d]t eP/ clGtd ePsf] x'Fbflgj]bssf] xsdf pQm lgoddf ePsf] sfg"gLJoj:yf cfslif{t x'g g;Sg] eGg] ljkIfLx¿sf]lhsL/ /x]sf] kfOG5 .

%= sfg"gsf] JofVof ubf{ sfg"gsfzAbx¿ :ki6 / af]wuDo ePdf cbfntn]sfg"gsf zAbx¿af6 :jefljs cy{ u|x0f ug'{kb{5 . o;nfO{ JofVofsf] zflAbs lgod -Letteral

Rule_ klg elgG5 . t/ sfg"gdf ePsf zAbx¿c:ki6 jf låljwfhgs ePsf] cj:yfdfljlwstf{sf] jf:tljs dg;fo kQf nufpg /sfg"gdf lglxt cy{ :ki6 ug{ JofVofsf cGolgodx¿ :j0fL{d lgod -Golden Rule_, b':s[ltsf]lgod -Mischief Rule_ cflbsf] ;d]t ;xof]ulng ;lsG5 . ljj]lrt lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &*s= pQmlgodfjnL nfu" x'g' cl3 ePsf] hUufsf] xsx:tfGt/0fsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] gx'g] ;DaGwdfc:ki6 /x]sf]n] o;df lgodsf] jf:tljs cy{ug{ o;df ePsf] zAbx¿ kof{Kt gePsf]n]zflAbs JofVofsf] ;fy} JofVof;DaGwL cGolgodx¿sf] ;d]t ;xof]u lng'kg{] b]lvof] .o; k|;+udf JofVof ;DaGwL b'is[ltsf] lgoddxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 . sfg"gdf ljBdfg ;d:ofx¿

s] lyP < tL ;d:ofx¿ lg/fs/0f ug{ ljlwstf{n]s] pkrf/sf] Joj:yf u¥of] egL ljZn]if0f u/Lljlwstf{sf] dg;fo kQf nufpg ul/g] sfg"gJofVof ;DaGwL lgodnfO{ b'is[ltsf] lgod-Mischief Rule_ elgG5 . j]nfotdf Heydon

sf] d'2fdf GofofwLz Lord Coke n] k|ltkfbgu/]sf] l;4fGtcg';f/ sfg"gsf] JofVof ubf{GofofwLzn] lgDg rf/j6f s'/fx¿nfO{ d'Vo¿kn] ljrf/ ug'{kb{5M

1. What was the Common Law before the

making of the Act ?

2. What was the mischief and defect for which

common law did not provide ?

3. What remedy the parliament hath resolved

and appointed ? to cure the disease of

common wealth ?

4. (What was) the true reason of the remedy ?

^= k|:t't JofVofsf] lgod a]nfotdfsdg n sf] k[i7e"lddf k|ltkfbg ePsf] ePtfklgsfg"gsf] dgzfo kQf nufpg] ;fwgsf] ¿kdfxfd|f] ;Gbe{df ;d]t plQs} k|f;+lus 5 .GofofwLzn] sfg"gsf] JofVof ubf{ ;d:ofnfO{lg/fs/0f ug{] / pkrf/sf] dfu{nfO{ k|z:t ug{](Supress the mischief and advance the remedy)

p2]Zon] ug'{kb{5 / sfg"gn] h'g b':s[lt jf;d:ofnfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{ rfx]sf] xf] To;sf]jf:tljs pkrf/ vf]hL u/L sfg"gsf] dg;fokQf nufpg' GofofwLzsf] st{Jo x'G5 eGg] of]sfg"g JofVofsf] b':s[lt;DaGwL lgodsf] d'Vocfzo xf] .

&= o; k[i7e"lddf k|:t't d'2fsf];Gbe{nfO{ x]bf { ;jf{ ]Rr cbfntsf] ldlt


16501650165016501650

@)^!.!!.^ sf] km};nf cg';f/ jfbLx¿sf]bfjLcg';f/ ljjflbt /}=g+= #( sf] )–!)–)hUufsf] ldlt @)$@.%.@) df ePsf] bfgkqsf]lnvt ab/ eO{ jfbLx¿sf] gfddf btf{ x'g]7x/L clGtd ePsf]df ljjfb b]lvb}g . ;f]km};nfadf]lhd z'? lhNnf cbfntaf6 k"hL{lnO{ ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{nodf hfFbf cGoJolQmx¿sf] gfddf xs x:tfGt/0f eO{ uPsf]x'Fbf ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 ePsf] clGtd km};nfsfof{Gjog x'g g;sL /x]sf] x'Fbf lgh jfbLx¿n]cbfntsf] clGtd km};nfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflulhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLsf] lgod &*s= sf];xf/f lnO{ cbfnt k|j]z u/]sf] b]lvg cfpF5 .o:tf] cj:yfdf cbfntn] lgod &*s= dfePsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] jf:tljs dg;fovf]hL u/L km};nf sfof{Gjogdf k/]sf] ;d:ofsf]pkrf/ vf]Hg' k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . o; kl/k|]Iodfldlt @)%(.$.@) b]lv nfu" ePsf] lhNnfcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &*s=df ePsf] lgodsf] Joj:yf nfu" ug'{sf] p2]Zos] /x]5 egL x]bf{ d'2f rNbfrNb}sf] cj:yfdfljjfbdf /x]sf] ;DklQsf] xs x:tfGt/0faf6pTkGg x 'g ] ;d:ofnfO { lg/fs/0f u/Lcbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nfsf] sfof{GjognfO{;xh ug' { tyf kIfx¿n] Pp6} ljjfbsf];DklQsf] ljifodf k6sk6s d'2f u/L /xg'kg{] emGem6af6 d'Qm ug'{ /x]sf] kfOG5 . km};nfsfof{Gjogdf hfFbf ljjfbsf] ;DklQ d'2fsf];DalGwt kIfsf] gfddf sfod g/xL cGoJolQmsf] gfddf xs x:tfGt/0f eO t];|f] kIfsf]clwsf/ l;h{gf eO ;s]sf] ePdf km};nfsfof{Gjogsf] txaf6 t];|f] kIfsf] l;h{gfe};s]sf] clwsf/df cGoyf x'g] u/L lg0f{ox'g g;Sg] tyf ;f] xs x:tfGt/0fnfO{ ab/

u/fpg k'gM lkm/fb ug'{ kbf{ d'2fsf kIfnfO{Pp6} ljjfbsf] ;DklQsf] ljifodf k6sk6sd'2f ul//xg' kg{] cj:yf eO{ x}/fgL x'g] ePsf]n]o:tf ] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu km };nfsfof{Gjogsf] txdf g} ;f] ;DaGwdf d'2fsfkIfn] lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] tyf ;f]sf nflu 5'§}lkm/fb ul//xg' gk/L lgj]bgsf dfWodaf6;Dalwt kIfn] pkrf/ kfpg ;Sg] t/ o:tf]lgj]bgdf t];|f] kIfnfO{ cyf{t\ ;DklQ lng]lbg] JolQmx¿nfO{ ;d]t ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf k|bfgu/L GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 ljlwjt x]/Lsf/jfxL / lsgf/f ubf{ d'2f rNbfrNb}sf]cj:yfdf ;DklQsf] xs x:tfGt/0faf6 pTkGgx'g] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g] ePsf]n] ;jf{]Rrcbfntaf6 lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLdf;+zf ]wg u/L lgod &*s= yk ul/Psf]b]lvG5 .

*= km};nf sfof{Gjogs} ;Gbe{dflhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLsf] cGo ;DalGwtlgodsf] Joj:yf x]bf{ lgod * n] e/L e/fpug{], rng rnfpg], a08f 5'6\ofpg] nufotsfkm};nf sfof{Gjog;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf k/]sflgj]bgx¿df sf/jfxL ug{] clwsf/ cbfntsf]tx;Lnbf/nfO{ ;'lDkPsf] kfOG5 . t/ ljj]lrtlgod &*s= sf] Joj:yfn] km};nf sfof{Gjogsf]cj:yfdf /x]sf] d'2f;Fu ;DalGwt rn crn;DklQsf] xs x:tfGt/0fsf] ljifodf k/]sf]lgj]bg pk/ sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug{] sfo{GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf]b]lvG5 . ;fy} pQm lgoddf To:tf] lgj]bgk/ ]k l5 ;DalGwt ;DklQ n ]gb ]g ug ] {JolQmx¿nfO{ Dofb hf/L u/L a'em\g} kg{] clgjfo{Joj:yf klg ePsf] kfOG5 . o;sf] p2]ZoTo;/L xs x:tfGt/0f ePsf] ;DklQsf] ljifodf

16511651165116511651


k'gM lkm/fb ug{' gkg{] u/L kIfx¿nfO{ lgj]bgaf6sf/jfxL rnfpg ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/Psf] ePklgpQm lgj]bgsf] /f]xaf6 ;DklQsf] btf{sf]ljifodf ;d]t lg0f {o ug' {kg { ] ePsf ]n ]GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 sf/jfxL / lsgf/fx'g'kg{] eGg] ljlwstf{sf] cfzo b]lvG5 . t;y{o:tf] lgj]bgdf cGo d'2f h:t} z'? sf/jfxLlsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ eP ;/x ;DalGwt c;/kg{] kIfx¿nfO{ sfg"gadf]lhd a'emL k|fs[ltsGofosf] l;4fGtcg';f/ ;DalGwt kIfnfO{k|ltjfbsf] df}sf ;d]t k|bfg u/L Ohnf;af6sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug'{kg{] x'G5 . Gofo k|zf;gP]g, @)$* sf ] bkmf &-!_ df lhNnfcbfntnfO{ z'? sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug{ ]clwsf/sf] Joj:yf eP ;/x lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnLsf] lgod &*s= df ePsf] pQmJoj:yfn] sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug{] clwsf/;'lDkPsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L sf/jfxL / lsgf/fubf{ JolQmsf] gfdsf] btf{ ;d]t ab/ ug'{kg{]jf gug{] lg0f{o x'g' :jfefljs x'g] ePsf]n]JolQmsf] crn ;DklQsf] btf{ ab/ x'g] jfgx'g] lg0f{o x'Fbf ;DalGwt dsf{ kg{] kIfnfO{k'g/fj]bg ug{] xs ;d]t ;'/lIft x'G5 .

(= k|:t't lgodsf] Joj:yf lhNnfcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ ldlt @)%(.$.@)df nfu" x'g' eGbf cufl8sf] xs x:tfGt/0fsf]xsdf pQm sfg"gL Joj:yf kZrftbzL{ c;/x'g] u/L nfu" x'G5 x'Fb}g eGg] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ubf{ Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf #! n]lbPsf ] clwsf/ k |of ]u u/L cbfntsf ]sfdsf/jfxLnfO{ ;':ki6 lgodj4 / Jojl:ytug{] p2]Zon] ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] ljwflosfåf/fk|Tofof]lht clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L lhNnfcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ agfPsf] b]lvG5 .

;fwf/0ftofM JolQmsf] ;f/jfg clwsf/ l;h{gfug'{ kbf{ ljwflosf :jo+n] P]gåf/f l;h{gf ub{5 .k|Tofof]lrt clwsf/ k|of]u u/L agfPsf]lgodfjnLåf/f ;f/jfg xssf] l;h{gf x'g] geO{;f/jfg sfg"gn] lbPsf] clwsf/leq /xLsfg"gsf ;f/e"t Joj:yfx¿nfO{ lj:t[t ¿kdf:ki6 ug{] Pj+ ;f/jfg xssf] xgg\ ePdfpkrf/sf] Joj:yfx¿ ;Dd ub{5 . t;y{ lhNnfcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ / To;df ePsf]lgod &*s ;d]tsf Joj:yfx¿ cbfntsf]sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf ug{ ;jf { ]Rrcbfntåf/f agfOPsf lgodx¿ x'g eGg]b]lvG5 .

!)= o; ;Gbe{df Gofo k|zf;g P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf &-!_ df lhNnf cbfntnfO{z'? sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug{] clwsf/sf] Joj:yfeP ;/x lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLsf] lgod&*s= df ePsf] pQm Joj:yfn] clwsf/;'lDkPsf] / cbfntn] pQm clwsf/sf] k|of]uu/L kg{ cfPsf lgj]bgx¿df sf/jfxL / lsgf/ubf{ t];|f] kIfsf] gfdsf] btf{ ;d]t ab/ ug]{ jfgug{] lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf JolQmsf] ;f/jgclwsf/df c;/ k5{ eGg] ljkIfLtkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfx¿n] k|Zg p7fpg'ePsf] 5 . ljj]lrt lgod &*s= n] d'VotofMcbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog u/fO{kfpg] clwsf/ k|rng u/fpg lhNnf cbfntdflgj]bg ug{ kfpg] pkrf/sf] Joj:yf;Dd u/]sf]b]lvG5 . cbfntsf] sfdsf/jfxLsf] k|lqmofnfO{lgoldt ug{], cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/ tf]Sg],xbDofb lglZrt\ ug{ ] ;DaGwL sfg"gsfJoj:yfx¿ sfo{ljlw;DaGwL sfg"gx¿ x'g\ .sfo{ljlw sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] k|lqmof cg';f/ lg0f{oubf{ JolQmsf] ;f/jfg xsdf c;/ kg'{ :jfefljs


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x'G5, To;/L cbfntaf6 pkrf/ k|bfg ubf{;f/jfg xsdf c;/ kb{}df sfo{ljlw;DaGwLsfg"gnfO{ sfo{ljlw sfg"g xf]Og eGg ldNb}g .clwsf/ / pkrf/sf] ;DaGw cGof]Gofl>t x'G5 .pkrf/ ljgfsf] clwsf/sf] cy{ x'Fb}g . cbfntsf]km};nf sfof{Gjog u/L kfpg] clwsf/ sfof{Gjogx'g' clgjfo{ ePsf]n] d'2f rNbfrNb}sf] cj:yfdfePsf] n]gb]gnfO{ ab/ u/fpg Gofo k|zf;gP]gcGtu{t k'gM z'? lkm/fb ug'{kg{] bf]xf]/f]emGem6af6 d'Qm u/L lgod &*s= n] ;xhpkrf/sf] dfu{;Dd k|z:t u/]sf]n] sfg"gLpkrf/ k|bfg ubf{ ;f/jfg xsdf c;/ k5{eGg] cfwf/n] sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{sfo{ljlw sfg"g xf]Og eGg ldNg] ePg . To;dfklg ljj]lrt lgod &*s= cGtu{t lg0f{o ubf{ljjflbt ;DklQsf] ljifodf klxn] d"n d'2faf6Ps k6s clGtd eO ljjflbt ;DklQsf] xsa]xssf] ;DaGwdf 6'Ëf] nflu ;s]sf ] km};nfsf]7x/ lg0f{osf] kl/lwleq /x]/ lg0f{o ug'{kg]{x'G5 . lng] lbg] JolQmx¿ klxn] rn]sf] d'2fsfkIfx¿ geP klg ljjflbt ;DklQsf] ljifodfcbfntsf] lg0f{o klxn] eO;s]sf] x'G5 .GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 ;DklQ lng] lbg]JolQmx¿nfO{ a'emL ;a"b k|df0fx¿ s]nfO{ lg0f{ox'g] ePsf] / ;f] pk/ lrQ ga'em]df k'g/fj]bgug{] xs ;d]t ;'/lIft x'g] ePsf]n] To;af6JolQmsf] ;f/jfg clwsf/df c;/ k/]sf] g}ePklg cGoyf eGg ldNg] ePg .

o:t} ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z ePsf] lgj]bs;fljqL /fO{ lj?4 k'g/fj]bg cbfnt /fhlj/fh;d]t d'2fdf lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@sf] lgod &*s= sf] ;DaGwdf JofVof x'Fbf æd'2fk/L /x]sf] ;DklQdWo] s'g} klg ;DklQ d'2frNbfrNb} jf km};nf sfof{Gjog gx'Fb} xs

x:tfGt/0f u/], u/fPdf lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &*s= cfslif{tx'g]Æ eGg] JofVof eO/x]sf] kfOG5 .

!!= k|Tofof]lht clwsf/ k|of]u u/LagfPsf] lgodfjnLåf/f ;f/jfg xssf] l;h{gfx'g] geO{ ;f/jfg sfg"gn] lbPsf] clwsf/ leq/xL ;f/jfg xssf] xgg\ ePdf pkrf/sf]Joj:yfx¿;Dd ub{5 eGg] ;DaGwdf g]sfk@)^%, lg=g+= *)$# dfwjs'df/ a:g]t ;d]tlj?4 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no;d]t ePsf] d'2fdf æ;f/jg ljifo ljwflosLP]gaf6} lgb{]lzt x'g] / lgodfjnLn] s]jnsfo{ljlwut kIfdfq ;d]6\g] cyf{t lgodfjnLn];f/jfg geO{ sfo{ljlwut ljifodf dfq Joj:yfu/]sf] x'g] Æ eGg] ;d]t JofVof ePsf] kfOG5 .

!@= sfg"gsf] kZrftbzL{ c;/ -Ex-

Post Facto_ ;DaGwL l;4fGtsf] cy{ d"VotofMtTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gn] ;hfo gx'g] sfdu/]afkt s'g} JolQm ;hfosf] efuL x'g' x'Fb}g /s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s;"/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdfk|rlnt sfg"gdf tf]lsP eGbf a9L ;hfo lbgkfO{b}g eGg] kmf}hbf/L sfg"g ;DaGwL l;4fGtxf] . of] l;4fGtn] tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gsf]:ki6 pNn+3g geO{ ck/fw x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotfnfO{cfTd;ft u/]sf] x'G5 . t/ s/ nufpg] ljifok|ltjfbLnfO{ ;'ljwf lbg] jf ;hfo sd ug{]ljifo tyf sfo{ljlw sfg"gsf] lgdf{0fnufotsf;DaGwdf kZrftbzL{ c;/ x'g] u/L sfg"gaGgdf /f]s nufPsf] kfO{b}g . sfo{ljlw;DaGwLsfg"gn] JolQmnfO{ b08 ;hfo ug{] jf JolQmsf]xs clwsf/sf] l;h{gf gug{] x'Fbf sfo{ljlw;DaGwLsfg"gnfO{ sfg"g nfu" ePsf] ldlteGbfcufl8b]lv g} nfu" x'g] u/L cyf{t kZrft\bzL{c;/ (Restrospective Effect) x'g] u/L nfu" ug{

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;lsG5 eGg] dfGotf :yflkt 5 . o; ;DaGwdflgDg d'2fx¿df o; cbfntaf6 ePsf]km};nfx¿nfO{ b[i6fGtsf] ¿kdf u|x0f ug{;lsG5M

t'n;L/fd pkfWofo ltldlN;gflj?4 /gWjh, g]sfk @)@*, lg=g+= %*@df]xLofgL xs sfod ul/kfpFm eGg] d'2fdfo; cbfntaf6 æs'g} JolQmsf] xs clwsf/k|rng u/fpg sfo{ljlw tf]Sg] P]g jfs'g} clwsf/ xgg\ ePsf]df ;f] xgg\ ePsf]jf cf3ft ePsf] xs clwsf/ k|rngu/fpg] Joj:yf ug{] P]gnfO{ sfo{ljlw;DaGwL P]g elgg] . sfo{ljlw P]gsf]kZrftbzL{ c;/ u/L k|of]u ug{ ldNg] .=== d'2f l5Gbfsf jvt nfu" ePsf] gofFP]gcGtu{tsf] c•f cbfntdf d'2f l5Gb}df:jtM u}/sfg"gL s/f/ ug{ gx'g]Æ eGg]lg0f{o ePsf] kfOG5 . To;}u/L pQd nfdflj?4 g]kfn ;/sf/, -g]sfk @)^!, lg=g+=&$#@_ d'2f hLpdf:g] j]Rg] d'2fdfæk|df0f;DaGwL ljifodf tyf sfo{ljlwsf;DaGwdf kZrftbzL { c;/-Retrospective Effect_ lbO{ agfO{Psfsfg"gnfO{ Expost facto Law ;DaGwLcjwf/0ffdf ljk/Lt lgdf{0f ul/Psf] sfg"geGg gldNg] .Æ eGg] ;d]t lg0f{o ePsf]kfOG5 . ljsfp /fpt s'dL{ lj?4 lg/axfb'/>]i7sf] hfx]/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/ ePsf] d'2fdf-g]sfk @)$( lg=g+= $^#!_ æcbfntaf6lg0f{o x'g' eGbf cufl8 g} sfo{ljlw ;DaGwLsfg"gL Joj:yfdf ;+zf]wg ePkl5 ;f]sfo{ljlw kfngf gu/L km};nf u/]sf]nfO{sfg"g;+ut dfGg gldNg]Æ eGg] ;d]t

JofVof eO/x]sf] kfOG5 . o;af6 lhNnfcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod&*s= sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL sfg"g ePsf] /sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{ kZrftbzL{c;/ x'g] u/L nfu" ug{ ;lsg] eGg];DaGwdf låljwf b]lvPg .

!#= Pp6} ljjfbsf] ;DklQsf] ljifodfcbfntaf6 Ps k6s lg0f{o eO{ To;dfk'g/fj]bg ug]{ clwsf/sf] ;dfKt eO{ clGtdePkl5 cbfntsf] clGtd km};nf ;a}n]dfGg'k5{ . pQm lgodfjnLdf ePsf] Joj:yflgodfjnL nfu' x'g' cl3sf] xs x:tfGt/0fdfnfu" x'g] gx'g] eGg] ;DaGwdf lgodfjnL k|i6geP klg k|Tofof]lht clwsf/cGtu{t ag]sf]sfo{ljlw;DaGwL lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfnfO{kZrftbzL{ c;/ x'g] u/L l;4fGtt nfu" ug{;lsg] dflysf] ljj]rgfaf6 k|i6 5 . cbfntaf6ePsf] clGtd km };nf sfof {Gogdf d'2frNbfrNb}sf] cj:yfdf ePsf] xs x:tfGt/0fn]c;Dej eO ;d:of pTkGg ePsf]n] ;f];d:ofnfO { lg/fs/0f ug{ tyf km };nfsfof{GjognfO{ ;/n Pj+ ;xh agfpg lhNnfcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &*st];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk ePsf] kfObf To;nfO{cGoyf JofVof u/L k'g pQm lgodfjnLsf]Joj:yfnfO{ cbfntsf] JofVofaf6 lgliqmot'Nofpg' g sfg"g g Gofo gt cf}lrTosf]b[li6sf]0faf6 g} pko'Qm x'G5 . t;y{ lhNnfcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &*s sf]p2]Zo km};nf sfof{Gjogdf x'g] l9nfO{nfO{ Go"gu/L d'2fsf kIfx¿nfO{ x'g] cgfjZos x}/fgLnfO{sd ug'{ /x]sf] / k|:t't sfg"gL Joj:yf d'2fsf]sfdsf/jfxLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{] sfo{ljlw;DaGwL


16541654165416541654

lgod ePsf] x'Fbf k|:t't lgodsf] Joj:yf nfu"x'g' eGbf cufl8sf] ldltdf xs x:tfGt/0fePsf] sf/0fn] dfq ;f] ;DaGwdf k/]sf] lgj]bgsf]tYoleq k|j]z gu/L lgj]bgnfO{ g} c:jLsf/ug{ ldNg] b]lvPg .

!$= ca lgj]bg dfu adf]lhd cfb]zhf/L x'G5 x'Fb}g eGg] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ k;f{lhNnf cbfntaf6 lgj]bsx¿n] k;f{ lhNnfcbfntdf @)^@.!!.# df km};nf sfof{Gjogsf]cj:yfsf] hUufx¿ ljleGg ldltdf ljleGgJolQmsf] gfddf ePsf] xs x:tfGt/0fsf] btf{ab/ u/L /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+saf6 ePsf] /f]Ssfkm''s'jf u/L cbfntsf] clGtd km};nfadf]lhdpQm hUuf cfkm\gf] gfddf bflvn vf/]h btf{sf]k"hL{ kfpFm egL ldlt @)^@.!!.# df lgj]bgk/]kl5 dfly ljj]rgf ul/Pcg';f/ lhNnfcbfnt lgodfjnLsf] ljj]lrt lgoddf ePsf]Joj:yfcg';f/ ;DklQ lng] lbg] JolQmx¿nfO{Dofb hf/L ePsf] b]lvG5 . t/ ;DalGwtkIfnfO{ Dofb hf/L u/L a'em\g] k|lqmof k"/fePkl5 lgj]bg bfjL tyf lnlvt hjfkmdfplNnlvt Joxf]/fsf ;DaGwdf ;DalGwtsfof{noaf6 btf{ ;|]:tfnufotsf k|df0fx¿ a'emLlktfDa/Lb]jLsf] xsdf k;f{ lhNnf cbfntaf6ldlt @)$$.(.@* df ePsf] km};nf ;d]tnfO{b[li6ut u/L lgj]bg bfjL k'Ug] xf] xf]Og eGg];DaGwdf lg0f{o ug'{kg{]df ;f] s]xL gu/L ldlt@)%(.$.@) df NofOPsf] lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnLsf] t];|f] ;+zf]wgn] ;f] eGbf cufj}ePsf] hUufsf] xs x:tfGt/0fsf] lqmofnfO{cGoyf ug{ ldNg] gb]lvFbf k|:t't lgj]bg kqsf]ljifoj:t'df pQm lgodfjnLsf] lgod &*scfs[i6 gx'g] egL lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf] ljifoleqk|j]z} gu/L lgj]bgsf] kL7df ldlt @)^$.(.@$

df GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 cfb]z ePsf] b]lvgcfof] . lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf]ljj]lrt lgod &*s sf] Joj:yfcg';f/ pQmlgj]bg GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 x]l/Psf] ePklgpQm lgodsf] p2]Zo / efjgfcg';f/ ;a"bk|df0fx¿ a'emL sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ul/Psf]b]lvg cfPg . o; k|s[ltsf] lgj]bgdf sf/jfxL/ lsgf/f ePkl5 ;DalGwt c;/ kg{] d'2fsfkIfnfO{ k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb lbg'kg{]df ;f] ;d]tlbPsf] b]lvPg .

!%= t;y{ lgj]bsx¿n] cbfntsf]clGtd km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfsf] ljleGgJolQmsf] gfddf ePsf] xs x:tfGt/0fsf] btf{ab/ u/L /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+saf6 ePsf] /f]Ssfkm's'jf ul/kfpFm / km};nfadf]lhd cfkm\gf] gfddfbfv]n vf/]h btf{sf] k"hL{ kfpFm egL lbPsf]lgj]bgdf lgj]bgsf] tYoleq k|j]z} gu/L ;a"bk|df0f g} ga'emL lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL,@)%@ df ldlt @)%(.$.@) df t];|f] ;+zf]wgx'g' cl3 hUufsf] xs x:tfGt/0f ;DaGwdflhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLsf] lgod &*s sf]sfg"gL Joj:yf cfs[i6 gx'g] egL k;f{ lhNnfcbfntaf6 ldlt @)^$.(.@$ df ePsf] cfb]z/ ;f] cfb]znfO{ ;b/ ug{] u/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt x]6f}+8faf6 ldlt @)^%.%.@) df ePsf]cfb]z lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf]lgod &*s= df ePsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf]k | lts "n b ] lvPsf ] / pQm cfb ]zx¿n]lgj]bsx¿sf] o; ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ePsf]clGtd km};nf sfof{Gjog u/L kfpg] clwsf/dfc;/ k/]sf] b]lvbf lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^$.(.@$ df ePsf] cfb]z / ;f] cfb]znfO{c=j+= !& g+= sf] lgj]bgsf] /f]xaf6 ;b/ ug{]u/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8faf6 ldlt

16551655165516551655

*(!$ –*(!$ –*(!$ –*(!$ –*(!$ – 7"nf s/bftf sfof{no nlntk'/ lj=k|fO{d OG6/g]zgn k|f=ln=

@)^%.%.@) df ePsf] cfb]z pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zhf/L eO{ ab/ x'g] 7x5{ . cj lgj]bsx¿af6lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod&*s cg';f/ k/]sf] lgj]bgdf hf] h] a'em\g' kg{]xf], a'em\g' kg{] ;a"b k|df0f ;a} a'emL GofofwLzsf]Ohnf;af6 lg0f{o u/L lrQ ga'em\g] kIfnfO{k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb lbg'kg{] eP lbO{ sf/jfxL /lsgf/f ug'{ egL ljkIfL k;f{ lhNnf cbfntsf]gfddf k/dfb]z hf/L x'g] 7x5{ . k|:t't lgj]bgsf]bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;n k;f{ lhNnfcbfntdf k7fO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf d ;xdt 5' .

Gof=k|sfz j:tL

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( c;f]h * ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ ==Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]n

lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(!$*(!$*(!$*(!$*(!$

;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{dfggLo GofofwLz >L e/t/fh pk|]tL;+jt\ @)^^ ;fnsf] )^^–CR–))@*

km};nf ldltM @)^(.&.@^.!

d'2fM cfos/ -cf=j= @)%&÷)%*_ .

k'g/fj]bs jfbLM 7"nf s/bftf sfof{no xl/x/ejgnlntk'/sf tkm{af6 P]= sf k|d'v s/k|zf;s v'd/fh k'~hfnL

lj?4k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sf7df8f}+

dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !! l:yt k|fO{dOG6/g]zgn k|f=ln= sf ] tkm {af6clVtof/k|fKt k|jGw ;~rfns dbgs[i0f>]i7

z'? km};nf ug{]Ms/ clws[tM >L /fds'df/ >]i7

/fh:j Gofoflws/0f km};nf ug{]Mdf=Gof=cWoIf >L s]z/L/fh kl08tn]vf ;b:o >L elu/fh OËgfd

§ sd{rf/Lx¿n] dfl;s ¿kdf e'QmfgLkfpg ] kf l/>lds /sd cfos/P]gadf]lhd 5"6 kfpg] ;Ldf -Ceiling_eGbf a9L x'g uPdf :jtM To:tf]kfl/>ldsdf klg s/ nfUg] ePsf]n]sDkgLn] cfjZostfcg';f/ cfkm\gfsd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ tnjL e/kfO{df n]vLkfl/>ldssf] ¿kdf ljleGg lsl;dsf;'ljwf lbg;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ cfkm"n] ltg{] Jofh cfoaf6 s§f ug{

bfjL ug{] kIfn] cfkm"n] p7fpg' kg{]pwf/f] sf/f]jf/df klg afFsL /x]sf] /sdsf]ToxL cg'kftdf Jofh c;"npk/ u/Lcfodf b]vfpg' jf~5lgo x'g] .

§ ltg'{kg{] /sdsf] Aofh lt/]sf] egL cfoaf6s§f ug{], t/ lng'kg{] /sd nfdf];do;Dd c;"n gu/L k|ltkmn k|fKtgug{] sfo{af6 cfos/ P]g, @)#! sf]bkmf !@-u_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf]

&&&&&


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b'¿kof]u u/]sf] b]lvg'sf ;fy} s/ bfloTjsd ug{] jf s/ bfloTj 5Ng] ;+oGqsf]¿kdf ;f] bkmfsf] Joj:yf k|of]u u/]sf]b]lvg] .

§ s'g} cfo jif{df k|fKt x'g'kg{] /sd k|fKteO{ g;s]sf] ePklg To;} aif{sf] cfodf;dfj]z ul/g] ePsf]n] e'QmfgL k|fKtug{] clwsf/ l;h{gf ePkl5 e'QmfgLk|fKt gePtfklg e'QmfgL k|fKt u/]sf]dfgL cfo u0fgfdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg{] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_

k'g/fj]bs jfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmfdx]zs'df/ yfkf

k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf dx]zyfkf

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ cfos/ P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf &, !@, !@-u_,

-ª_, -6_

km};nfGof=bfdf ]b/k |;fb zdf { M /fh:j

Gofoflws/0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf *-u_ adf]lhdcg'dtL k|bfg eO{ k'g/fj]bgsf] ¿kdf bfo/ x'gcfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / 7x/ o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5M–

s/bftf k|fO{d OG6/g]zgn k|f=ln= n]cf=j= @)%&÷)%* sf] sf/f]jf/df v'b gf]S;fgL?=@!,^$,@*@.&( b]vfO{ ldlt @)%*.(.@^ dfcfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no sf7df8f}+ If]q g+= !df cfo ljj/0f k]z u/]sf] .

bflvn ePsf] cf=j= @)%&.)%* sf]cfo ljj/0fsf] hfFra'emsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu

cfjZos sfuhft jf ljj/0f lnO{ !% lbgleqo; sfof{nodf pkl:yt x'g' xf]nf egL P]gsf]bkmf $% cg';f/ ldlt @)%(.!.!@ df 7"nfs/bftf sfof{noaf6 s/bftfnfO{ ;"rgf hf/LePsf] .

To; k|f=ln= af6 k]z ePsf] cf=j=@)%&.)%* sf] :jo+s/ lgwf{/0f cfo ljj/0fsf]lj:t[t 5fgaLg u/L P]gsf] bkmf ##s-@_ adf]lhd!$,(@,!@^.@# v'b cfo sfod u/L clGtd s/lgwf{/0f ug'{kg{] ePsf]n] ;f] ug'{ gkg{] s'g} 7f];;a"b k|df0f eP & lbgleq k]z ug'{xf]nf egLP]gsf] bkfm ##-$_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bs 7"nfs/bftf sfof{noaf6 s/bftfnfO{ ldlt @)^@.@.!#df ;"rgf hf/L ePsf] .

ldlt @)^@.@.!# sf] kqsf] ;DaGwdfo; sDkgLaf6 vr{ bfjL ul/Psf sltkosf/f]jf/;Fu ;DalGwt vr{x¿nfO{ s§f ug{ glbO{v'b cfodf ;dfj]z ug{ nfluPsf] x'Fbf ;f]cg';f/x'g' gkg{] eGg] Joxf]/fsf] lhsL/ lnO{ s/bftfsf]tkm{af6 ldlt @)^@.#.% df k'g/fj]bs sfof{ndfhjfkm k]z ePsf] .

v'b cfo ?=!$,(@,!@^.@# sfod ug{]u/L k'g/fj]bs sfof{noaf6 ldlt @)^@.#.!# dfs/ lgwf{/0f;DaGwL lg0f{o krf{ v8f ePsf] .

ldlt @)^@.#.!@ df v8f ePsf] lg0f{okrf{sf] cfwf/df v'b cfo ?=!$,(@,!@^.@# sfodu/L ldlt @)^@.#.#! df cfos/ lgwf{/0f cfb]zhf/L ePsf] .

sDkgLsf] cfo cfh{g;Fu k|ToIf ¿kdf;DalGwt vr{nfO{ ljkIfLn] v'b cfodf ;dfj]zug'{sf ;fy} :jo+s/ lgwf{/0f ljj/0f kmf/fddfb]vfPsf] gf]S;fgLnfO{ dfGotf glbO{ s/sf] bfloTjaf]sfpg] p2]Zon] ljkIfL sfof{noaf6 ldlt@)^@.#.!# df ePsf] lg0f{o krf{ / ldlt

16571657165716571657


@)^@.#.#! sf] s/ lgwf{/0f cfb]z q'l6k"0f{ ePsf]n]ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lhsL/ lnO{oL k|ToyL{ tkm{af6 /fh:j Gofoflws/0f sf7df8f}+dfk'g/fj]bg kq k]z ePsf] .

;jf/L ;fwgsf] ;jf/L s/ lt/]sf] /sdnfO{k"FhLut k|s[ltsf] vr{ egL cdfGo u/]sf]af6z'? lg0f{o km/s kg{ ;Sg] x'Fbf 5nkmnsf] nflu5nkmnsf] nflu ;/sf/L jsLn cfGtl/s /fh:jljefunfO{ k]zLsf] ;"rgf lbO{ lgodfg';f/ k]zug'{ egL /fh:j Gofoflws/0f sf7df8f}+af6 ldlt@)^$.&.@! df cfb]z ePsf] .

pwf/f] ljqmLaf6 k|fKt x'g] Jofhafktsf]/sd, ljn ljhsaf6 ;dly{t vr{ /sd /vfhf vr{afktsf] /sd v'b cfodf ;dfj]z ug{]u/]sf] xb;Dd z'? 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf7df8f}+sf] ldlt @)^@.#.!@ sf] lg0f{o /@)^@.#.#! sf] s/ lgwf{/0f cfb]z;d]t ldn]sf]gb]lvFbf ;f] xb;Dd pQm lg0f{o / cfb]z s]xLpN6L x'g] 7x5{ eGg] ;d]t /fh:j Gofoflws/0fsf7df8f+}sf] km};nf .

s/bftf ljkIfL k|fO{d OG6/g]zgnk|f=ln= n] cf=j= @)%&÷)%* df cGo Jofkfl/skmd{x¿;Fu u/]sf] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd pwf/f]sf/f]jf/df afFsL /xg] /sdsf] ! dlxgf kl5Jofh;d]t ykL e'QmfgL lng] u/L ;Demf}tfePsf]df To;/L lng'kg{] Jofh /sdnfO{ cfodf;dfj]z gug{] u/]sf] tyf cfoaf6 s§f ug{gldNg] ljgf ljhssf] vr{ /sd / sd{rf/LnfO{lbPsf] vfhf vr{ /sd cfoaf6 s6fO{ cfos/lgwf{/0f x'g] egL ePsf] /fh:j Gofoflws/0fsf7df8f}+sf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf pN6L u/L s/lgwf{/0f;DaGwL z'? lg0f{o / cfb]z ;b/ sfod/flvkfpFm eGg] ;d]t 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nonlntk'/sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

o;df s/bftfn] d"No clej[l4 s/lgodfjnL, @)%# sf] lgod !& sf] cg';"rL %cg';f/sf] ljn ljhs x'g'kg{]df gePsf] cj:yfb]lvFbf pQm lgodsf] pNn]v s/ lgwf{/0f cfb]zdfgePsf] cfwf/df dfq s/bftfn] 5"6 kfpg g;Sg]x'gfn] pQm lgodsf] Joj:yfljk/Lt ePsf] /fh:jGofoflws/0f sf7df8f}+sf] km};nfdf pk/f]Qmlgodsf] q'l6 ePsf] b]lvFbf /fh:j Gofoflws/0fP]g, @)#! sf] bkmf * sf] v08 -u_ sf] cfwf/dfk'g/fj]bgsf] cg'dtL k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . /fh:jGofoflws/0f sf7df8f}+sf] km};nf ;lxtsf] /]s8{ldl;n;d]t lemsfO{ lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg]o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.$.$ sf] cfb]z .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf r9Llg0f{ofy{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bsg]kfn ;/sf/ tkm {af6 pkl:yt ljåfg;xGofoflwjQmf >L dx]zs'df/ yfkfn] oL k|ToyL{n]pwf/f] v/Lb u/L n}hfg] cGo Jofkfl/s kf6L{;Funu]sf] j:t'sf] /sd Ps dlxgfleq e'QmfgLgu/] To:tf] kIfn] /fv]sf] a}+s Uof/]G6Laf6 Jofh;d]t c;"n u/L lng kfpg] u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf5g\ . ;Demf}tfcg'¿k Jofh c;"n ug{] bfloTjk|ToyL{sf] xf] . p7fpg g;Sg] cj:yf ePsf/0f;lxt 3f6f -Loss_ df b]vfpg' kb{5 .b}lgs sf/f]jf/ x'g] kf6L{;Fu Jofh p7fpg ;lsPgeGg ldNb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf Jofh p7fpgg;s]sf] egL cfodf 36fpg kfOg] x'Fb}g . ;fy}/Ltk"j{ssf] ljhs j]u/ vr{ ePsf] egL bfjLu/]sf] /sdnfO{ cfoaf6 36fpg gldNg'sf ;fy}sd{rf/LnfO{ vfhf vr{ egL k]/f]n eGbf aflx//fvL vr{ bfjL u/]sf] /sd;d]t cfoaf6 36fpggkfpg]df ;f] 36fO{ 5"6 lbg] u/L ePsf] /fh:jGofoflws/0f sf7df8f}+sf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ x'FbfpN6L u/L z'? 7"nf s/bftf sfof{no sf7df8f}+af6


16581658165816581658

ePsf] ldlt @)^@.#.!@ sf] lg0f{o / ldlt@)^@.#.#! sf] s/ lgwf{/0f cfb]z ;b/ sfodx'g'kb{5 eGg] ;d]t jx; ug'{eof] .

k|ToyL{ k|fO{d OG6/g]zgn k|f=ln= tkm{sfljåfg clwjQmf dx]z yfkfn] k|:t't cfos/;DaGwL ljjfb cf=j= @)%&÷%* sf] ePsf]n]o;df tTsfn k|rlnt cfos/ P]g, @)#! sf]bkmf % / ^ cfslif{t x'G5 . pQm P]gcg';f/s/bftfsf] v'b -Actual_ cfodf dfq s/ nfUg]xf] . d]/f] kIfn] cGo Jofkfl/s kf6L{;Fu afFsLnu]sf] j:t'sf] ljncg'¿ksf] /sd ! dlxgfleqe'QmfgL gu/] To:tf] kf6L{n] /fv]sf] a}Fs Uof/]G6Laf6!# k|ltzt Jofh ;lxt c;"n u/L lng ;lsg]u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf] ePklg e'QmfgL lng g;s]sf]cj:yfdf To:tf] JofhnfO{ cfodf u0fgf ug{ldNb }g . Jofh glnPsf ] eGg] s'/fnfO {k'g/fj]bsaf6 klg :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf k|fKtgePsf] JofhnfO{ cfodf u0fgf ug{ ldNg] xf]Og .;f]gf]ltgf] k|zf;sLo vr{sf] ljhs /fVg ;Dejgx'g] ePsf]n] To:tf] vr{ ljn e/kfO{sf] cfwf/dfklg cfodf 36fpg kfOG5 . ;fy} sDkgLdfsfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ l6lkmg tyf vfhfsf]¿kdf lbPsf] e'QmfgL kfl/>lds h:t} x'Fbf ;f]klg cfodf s§f u/L v'b cfo lgwf{/0f ug'{kg{]ePsf]n] ;f] cg'¿k vr{ s6fO{ cfo lgwf{/0f ug{]u/]sf] /fh:j Gofoflws/0f sf7df8f}+sf] km};nf;b/ sfod /xg' kb{5 eGg] ;d]t jx; ug'{eof] .

@= k'g/fj]bgkq ;lxtsf] ldl;n cWoogu/L b'j} kIfsf ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n] ug'{ePsf] jx; lhsL/;d]t ;'gL /fh:j Gofoflws/0fsf7df8f}+af6 ePsf] km};nf ldn]sf] 5, 5}g <k'g/fj]bs g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/k'Ug] xf] xf]Og < ;f] ljifodf lg0f{o lbg'kg{] eO{OG;fkm tkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ k|ToyL{ k|fO{d OG6/g]zgn

k|f=ln= n] cfly{s jif{ @)%&÷%* df u/]sf]Jofkfl/s sf/f]jf/af6 k|fKt cfodf cfos/ P]g,@)#! adf]lhd ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg{] cfos/;DaGwdf cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefu, 7"nf s/bftfsfof{no sf7df8f}+sf k|d'v s/ k|zf;saf6 ePsf]ldlt @)^@.#.!@ sf] lg0f{o cg'¿k ;f]xLsfof{nosf s/ clws[taf6 ldlt @)^@.#.#! dfpQm k|f=ln= sf] cf=j= @)%&÷)%* sf] v'bcfo ?=!$,(@, !@^.@# sfod u/L h/Ljfgf;d]t ?=%,%(,%$*.– ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ u/L s/lgwf{/0f ePsf] b]lvG5 . k'g/fj]bs 7"nfs/bftfsfof{non] pQm s/ lgwf{/0f;DaGwL lg0f{o ubf{k|ToyL{ sDkgLsf] cfo cfh{g;Fu k|ToIf ¿kdf;DalGwt vr{ :jo+s/ lgwf{/0f ljj/0f km/fddfb]vfP cg'¿k cfoaf6 36fO{ v'b cfo sfodug'{kg{]df kmf/fddf b]vfPsf] To:tf] vr{ /gf]S;fgLnfO{ dfGotf glbO{ s/sf] bfloTj a9fpg]u/]sf] egL k|ToyL{ k|f=ln= tkm{af6 k'g/fj]bgk/]sf]df /fh:j Gofoflws/0f sf7df8f}+af6 pwf/f]ljqmLdf e'QmfgL ;dodf gePsf] sf/0f ;f]afktc;"n ug'{kg{] Jofh /sd, ljn ljhs ;dly{tvr{ /sd / sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lbPsf] vfhfafktsf]/sd v'b cfodf ;dfj]z ug{] u/]sf] xb;Dd z'?7"nf s/bftf sfof{no sf7df8f} +sf] ldlt@)^@.#.!@ sf] lg0f{o / ldlt @)^@.#.#! sf] s/lgwf{/0f cfb]z s]xL pN6L x'g] u/L km};nf ePsf]kfOof] .

#= /fh:j Gofoflws/0f sf7df8f}+af6ePsf] pQm km};nfpk/ lrQ ga'emfO{ k|ToyL{sDkgLn ] Jofkfl/s kf6L {x¿;Fu u/ ]sf ];Demf}tfcg';f/ pwf/f] ljqmLdf ! dlxgfleqe'QmfgL gePsf] /sdsf] !#Ü n] x'g] Jofh /sdcfodf ;dfj]z ug'{kg{] ljhs ljgfsf vr{ /vfhf vr{afktsf] /sd ;d]t cfodf ;dfj]z

16591659165916591659


x'g'kg{] eGg];d]t lhsL/ lnO{ 7"nfs/bftf sfof{nosf7df8f}+sf] tkm{af6 k|:t't k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]b]lvG5 .

$= k|:t't ljjfb cf=j= @)%&÷%*sf ] Jo fk f l /s sf/ f ]j f/; Fu ;Dal Gwtcfos/;DaGwL b]lvPsf]n] ;f] ;dodf k|rngdf/x]sf] cfos/ P]g, @)#! k|:t't d'2fdf cfslif{tx'g] eGg]df ljjfb b]lvFb}g . pQm P]gsf] bkmf ̂df s'g} JolQmn] cfkm\gf] cfo jif{df pQm P]gsf]bkmf % df tf]lsPsf] s'g} jf ;a} ;|f]tx¿af6g]kfn leq jf g]kfnaf6 sf/f]jf/ ubf{ ljb]zdfcfh{g jf k|fKt u/]sf] cfodf pQm P]g adf]lhdkfpg] vr{x¿ s§f u/L v'b cfos/ nfUg]Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L k|ToyL{sf] cf=j=@)%&÷%* sf] cfoaf6 s] s:tf vr{x¿s6fpg kfO{g] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf x]bf{ k|ToyL{sDkgL Jofkfl/s sf/f]jf/ ug{] k|fO{j]6 lnld6]8sDkgLsf] ¿kdf btf{ ePsf] eGg] ldl;naf6b]lvFbf k|ToyL{ sDkgLn] pQm cfos/ P]g, @)#!sf] bkmf !@ df pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf ljleGgzLif{sdf ePsf vr{x¿ s§f u/L sDkgLsf]v'b cfo lgwf{/0f ug'{kg{] b]lvof] . pQm P]gsf]bkmf !@-ª_ adf]lhd k|ToyL{ h:tf Jofkfl/ssDkgLn ] sfddf nufPsf sfdbf/sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lbPsf] kfl/>lds /sd ;f]cf=j= sf] sDkgLsf] s'n cfoaf6 s§f ug{kfpg] b]lvG5 . o;/L lbOg] kfl/>lds /sdleq s] s:tf] vr{ /sd ;dfj]z x'G5 eGg];DaGwdf pQm bkmfdf :ki6 pNn]v ePsf]gb]lvPklg sd{rf/Lx¿sf] tnjL e/kfO{ -Pay

Roll_ df pNn]v eO{ dfl;s ¿kdf e'QmfgLkfpg] tnj, eQf, kl/jxg vr{ Pj+ vfhf vr{h:tf /sdx¿ kfl/>lds /sdleq} kg{] ;fdfGok|rng /xL cfPsf] 5 . o;/L sd{rf/Lx¿n]

dfl;s ¿kdf e'QmfgL kfpg] kfl/>lds /sdcfos/ P]gadf]lhd 5"6 kfpg] ;Ldf -Ceiling_eGbf a9L x'g uPdf :jtM To:tf] kfl/>ldsdfklg s/ nfUg] cj:yf x'g] ePsf]n] sDkgLn]cfjZostfcg';f/ cfkm\gf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{tnjL e/kfO{df n]vL kfl/>ldssf] ¿kdfljleGg lsl;dsf ;'ljwf lbg ;Sg] g} x'G5 .o:tf] cj:yfdf k|ToyL{ sDkgLn] cfkm\gfsd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ vfhf vr{afkt egL tnjLe/kfO{df pNn]v u/L lbPsf] /sd pQm cfos/P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf !@-ª_ adf]lhd cfoaf6s§f x'g'kg{] b]lvPsf]n] To:tf] vfhf vr{afktsd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ e'QmfgL lbPsf] /sd klg cfodf;dfj]z x'g'kg{] eGg] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ dgfl;jb]lvg cfpFb}g .

%= To:t} plNnlvt cfos/ P]g, @)#!sf] bkmf !@-6_ adf]lhd k|ToyL{ h:tf Jofkfl/ssDkgLn] cfo cfh{g k|fKt ug{sf] nflu u/]sfcGo jf:tljs vr{x¿ ;d]t cfodf s§f u/Lv'b cfo lgwf{/0f ug'{kg{] b]lvG5 . k|ToyL{ sDkgLn]86k]g, 6\o'jnfO{6, sfuh v/Lb h:tf ljifodfePsf vr{x¿sf] ljn e/kfO{ ;+nUg /fvL To:tf]vr{x¿ cfoaf6 s§f x'g'kg{] egL bfjL u/]sf]dfTo:tf] vr{nfO{ jf:tljs vr{df ;dfj]z ug'{kg{]b]lvFbf To:tf] vr{nfO{ klg v'b cfodf ;dfj]zug' {kg{ ] eGg] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ dgfl;jgb]lvPsf]n] To:tf] ljnadf]lhdsf] vr{ s§fx'g'kg{] u/L ePsf] /fh:j Gofoflws/0fsf] km};nfcGoyf b]lvPg .

^= hxfF;Dd k|ToyL{ sDkgLn] u/]sf]pwf/f] ljqmLdf #) lbgleq e'QmfgL gePdfTo:tf] pwf/f] Jofkfl/s v/Lb sf/f]jf/ ug{]kIfaf6 ;f] ;do kl5 e'QmfgL x'g afFsL /sdsf]!# k|ltzt Jofh ;lxt a}+Í Uof/]G6L /sdaf6


16601660166016601660

c;"npk/ ul/lng ;Sg] ;Demf}tf ePsf]n] To:tf;Demf}tfadf]lhd e'QmfgL x'g afFsL /sdsf]Jofh ;d]tnfO{ k|ToyL{ sDkgLsf] cfosf] ¿kdfu0fgf u/L cfos/ lgwf{/0f x'g'kg{]df To:tf]JofhnfO{ cfo u0fgf gug{] u/L ePsf] /fh:jGofoflws/0fsf] km};nf gldn]sf] eGg] k'g/fj]bglhsL/ 5, ;f] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ k|ToyL{k|fO{d OG6/g]zgn k|f=ln= n] cf=j= @)%&÷%*sf] ljleGg ldltdf cGo Jofkfl/s kIf;FuJofkfl/s ;Demf}tf u/]sf] ldl;naf6 b]lvG5 .;Demf}tfkqdf k|ToyL{ sDkgLaf6 pwf/f] sf/f]jf/ug{] Jofkfl/s kIfn] To;/L pwf/f] sf/f]jf/af6e'QmfgL lbg afFsL /x]sf] /sd #) lbgleqe'QmfgL gu/]df ;f] ;dokl5 afFsL /sdsf] !#k|ltzt Jofh ;d]t yk u/L To:tf Jofkfl/skf6L{n] /fv]sf] a}+Í Uof/]G6L /sdaf6 k|ToyL{sDkgLn] c;"npk/ u/L lng ;Sg] eGg] zt{pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 .

&= Jofkf l/s kIfx¿ aLr x 'g ];Demf}tfdf Jofh;d]t ykL lng kfpg] zt{x¿/fVg'sf] sf/0f pwf/f] lbg] kIfn] ljQLo;+:yfx¿af6 cfkm\gf] sf/f]jf/sf] l;nl;nfdfgk'u x'g] /sd C0fsf] ¿kdf lng] / r'Qmf ug{afFsL To:tf] C0fsf] Jofh cfkm"n] a'emfpg' kg{]ePsf]n] xf] . ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 lnPsf] r'Qmfug{ afFsL C0fdf lt/]sf] Jofh /sd To:tf]pwf/f] laqmL ug{] Jofkfl/s sDkgLn] cfos/P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf !@-u_ adf]lhd ;DalGwtcfojif{sf] cfodf s6fO{ v'b cfo sfod ug{bfjL ug{ ;Sg] ePsf]n] To;/L cfkm"n] ltg{]Jofh cfoaf6 s§f ug{ bfjL ug{] kIfn] cfkm"n]p7fpg' kg{] pwf/f] sf/f]jf/df klg afFsL /x]sf]/sdsf] ToxL cg'kftdf Jofh c;"npk/ u/Lcfodf b]vfpg' jf~5lgo x'G5 . ltg'{kg{] /sdsf]

Aofh lt/]sf] egL cfoaf6 s§f ug{] t/ lng'kg{]/sd nfdf] ;do;Dd c;"n gu/L k|ltkmnk|fKt gug{] sfo{af6 pQm P]gsf] bkmf !@-u_ sf]sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] b'¿kof]u u/]sf] eGg] b]lvg'sf;fy} s/ bfloTj sd ug{] jf s/ bfloTj 5Ng];+oGqsf] ¿kdf pQm bkmf !@-u_ sf] Joj:yfk|of]u u/]sf] eGg] b]lvg hfG5 . n]vfsf] ;fdfGol;4fGtcg';f/ s'g} cfo jif{df k|fKt x'g'kg{]/sd k|fKt eO{ g;s]sf] ePklg To;} aif{sf]cfodf ;dfj]z ul/g] ePsf]n] e'QmfgL k|fKtug{] clwsf/ l;h{gf ePkl5 e'QmfgL k|fKtgePtf klg e'QmfgL k|fKt u/]sf] dfgL cfou0fgfdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg{] x'G5 . o;k|sf/ k|ToyL{sDkgLn] cf=j= @)%&÷)%* df ePsf;Demf}tfcg'¿k pwf/f] sf/f]jf/df cGo kIfaf6e'QmfgL lng afFsL /sdsf] Jofh ;Demf}tfdfplNnlvt Dofbkl5 :jtM k|fKt u/]sf] dfGg'kg]{x 'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf k|ToyL{ sDkgLn];Demf}tfdf plNnlvt Dofb kl5 e'QmfgL kfpgafFsL /sdsf] Jofh :jtM k|fKt u/]sf] dfGg'kg{]ePsf]n] To:tf] Jofh /sd :jtM k|ToyL{sf]cf=j= @)%&÷)%* sf] cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{kg{]x'G5 . ;fy} cfos/ P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf & n]s'g} JolQmsf] pBf]u, Jofkf/, k]zf Joj;foaf6ePsf] cfo lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;f] JolQmsf] cfojif{leq s'g} pBf]u, Jofkf/, k]zf, Joj;foaf6k|fKt u/]sf] ;a} lsl;dsf] d'gfkmf jf nfe;dfj]z u/L cfo lgwf{/0f ug'{kg{] eGg] sfg"gLJoj:yf u/]sf] b]lvPaf6 k|ToyL{ sDkgLn] pwf/f]sf/f ]jf/df e'QmfgL lng af FsL /sdsf];Demf}tfadf]lhd k|fKt x'g] Jofh klg sDkgLsf]cfoleq} kg{] b]lvof] . To:t} ljQLo ;+:yfaf6C0f lnO{ ltg'{kg{] Jofh ;DalGwt cfly{s jif{sf]cfoaf6 s6fO{ cfos/ lgwf{/0f ug{ rfxg]

16611661166116611661


s/bftfn] cGo s'g} JolQm jf kmd{nfO{ lbPsf];fk6L, clws jif{ ;'ljwf jf pwf/f]df ;fdfgljqmL u/]sf] jf pwf/f] ljqmL -Credit Limit_lbPsf] cj:yfdf To;/L lbPsf] ;fk6L jf pwf/f]/sd a/fa/sf] x'g] Jofh /sdnfO{ To:tf]s/bftfsf] cfo dfGg'kg{] cyjf To:tf] s/bftfn]cfoaf6 5"6 kfpg] /sddf To:tf] ;fk6L jfpwf/f] lbPsf] /sdsf] Jofh a/fa/sf] /sd;dfj]z ug{ gldNg] egL o; cbfntaf6@)^$–CR–)%@( sf] 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nonlntk'/ lj?4 dN6L kmfO{j;{ ln= ePsf] d'2fdfl;4fGt sfod e};s]sf] b]lvFbf oL k|ToyL{ k|fO{dOG6/g]zgn k|f=ln= n] cf=j= @)%&÷)%* dfcGo ljleGg Jofkfl/s kmd{nfO{ ljqmL u/]sf]pwf/f] sf/f]jf/af6 k|fKt x'g'kg{] Jofh;d]tsDkgLsf] ;f] cf=j= sf] s/of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]zug'{kg{] b]lvof] . t;y{ k|ToyL{ sDkgLn] cGokmd{;Fu ePsf] ;Demf }tfadf]lhd pwf/f ]sf/f]jf/df #) lbg gf3]kl5 e'QmfgL kfpgafFsL /sdsf] !# k|ltztsf b/n] Jofh ;d]tykL lng kfpg] u/L pNn]v ePsf] zt{adf]lhdk|fKt x'g] Jofh /sd ?=@%,!&,##!.&( k|ToyL{sDkgLsf] cf=j= @)%&÷)%* sf] cfodf;dfj]z ug{] u/]sf] k'g/fj]bs 7"nf s/bftfsfof{no sf7df8f}+sf] lg0f{o cfos/ P]g, @)#!sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfcg'¿k g} eP u/]sf] b]lvPsf]dfTo:tf] pwf/f] afFsLaf6 k|fKt x'g] JofhnfO{k|ToyL{sf] cf=j= @)%&÷)%* sf] cfodf ;dfj]zgug{] u/]sf] /fh:j Gofoflws/0f sf7df8f}+sf]km};nf ;f] xb;Dd ldn]sf] b]lvg cfPg .

*= ctM dfly ljj]rgf ul/Padf]lhdk|ToyL{ k|fO{d OG6/g]zgn k|f=ln= n] cf=j=@)%&÷)%* df cGo Jofkfl/s kmd{nfO{ pwf/f]df;fdfg ljqmL u/]sf]df e'QmfgL kfpg afFsL /sddf

#) lbg gf3]kl5 !# k|ltzt Jofh;d]t yku/L lng kfpg] zt{ pNn]v eO{ ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg'¿k lng'kg{] Jofh /sd ?=@%,!&,##!.&(nfO{ plNnlvt cf=j= @)%&÷)%* sf] s/of]Uocfodf ;dfj]z ug{] u/L ePsf] 7"nf s/bftfsfof{no sf7df8f}+sf] ldlt @)^@.#.!@ sf] lg0f{o/ ;f] cg'¿k s/ lgwf{/0f ug{] u/L ePsf]@)^@.#.#! sf] cfb]z ;b/ ug'{kg{]df s]xL pN6Lug{] u/]sf] /fh:j Gofoflws/0f sf7df8f}+sf] km};nf;f] xb;Dd ldn]sf] gb]lvFbf s]xL pN6L x'g] 7x5{ .c? tkl;n adf]lhd ug"{ .

tkl;n

dfly 7x/ v08df n]lvPadf]lhd /fh:jGofoflws/0f sf7df8f}+sf] km};nf s]xL pN6L x'g]7x/]sf]n] k|ToyL{ k|fO{d OG6/g]zgn k|f=ln= n]cf=j= @)%&÷)%* df cGo Jofkfl/s kmd{nfO{pwf/f] ;fdfg ljqmL u/]sf] sf/f]jf/af6 k|fKt x'g]Jofh /sd ?=@%,!&,##!.&( ;f] k|f=ln= sf] pQmcf=j= @)%&÷)%* sf] cfodf ;dfj]z ug'{kg{]x'Fbf To;nfO{ s/of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]z u/Lsfg"gadf]lhd nfUg] s/ c;"n ug'{ egL 7"nfs/bftf sfof{no sf7df8f}+ -xfn nlntk'/_ dfn]vL k7fpg'' ======== !k|:t't d'2fsf] bfo/L nut s§f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" ============ @

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=e/t/fh pk|]tL

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( sflQs @^ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM /fdk|;fb zdf{

&&&&&


16621662166216621662

lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(!%*(!%*(!%*(!%*(!%

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL@)^*–wo–)#%)

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.#.@^.#

ljifo M– pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z .

lgj]bsM l;/xf lhNnf, 7]+uxL uf=lj=;= j8f g+=@ 3/ eO{ l;/xf lhNnfs} >L lg=df=lj=e'Ns]sf] lg=df=lj= lzIfs -t[tLo >]0fL_sf] b/jGbLdf xfn ;'Gb/ hgtf dfWoldsljBfno cf}/xL l;/xfdf sfhdf sfo{/t;f]letnfn ofbj

lj?4ljkIfLM clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u,

6+ufn, sf7df8f}+ ;d]t

§ cg'lrt sfo{ ug] { kbflwsf/LnfO{ljlw;Ddt\ tl/sfaf6 :ki6Ls/0f dfUg]/ ;f] :ki6Ls/0faf6 ;Gt'i6 x'g] cfwf/geP ;f] sfo{nfO{ cg'lrt sfo{ egL7x/ ug'{kg]{ .

§ cg'lrt sfo{ eP u/]sf] 7x/]sf] cj:yfdfclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@v adf]lhd;f]sf] b'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg ;DalGwtlgsfonfO{ n]vL k7fpg] cj:yf x'g] .

§ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf]lg0f{oaf6 lhNnfGt/ ;?jf u/]sf] sfo{nfO{cg'lrt sfo{ 7x/ g} gu/L cfkm}n] ;?jf

ab/ ug]{ lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]unfO{ gx'g] .

§ cfof]usf] cfkm}n] ;?jf /2 ug]{ u/]sf]lg0f{o / ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ /sfdsf/jfxL P]gsf] bkmf !@v sf] sfo{If]qeGbf aflx/ u} zlQmsf] clws k|of]u-Use of Excessive Power_ ePsf] b]lvguPsf]n] ;f] sfo{nfO{ sfg"gcg'¿ksf]sfo{ dfGg gldNg] .

§ cfkm"df /x]sf] clwsf/ eGbf a9L clwsf/k|of]u -Use of Excessive Power_ jfcltqmd0f u/]df jf gePsf] clwsf/k|of]u u/]df ;f] sfo{af6 s;}sf] ;+ljwfgPj+ sfg"gk|bQ xs clwsf/df cf3ftk/]sf] b]lvg cfP To:tf] lg0f{o jfsfdsf/jfxL ab/of]Uo x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf xl/k|;fb pk]|tLk|ToyL{ tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf dx]z

zdf{ kf}8]ncjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u

P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@v§ lzIff P]g, @)@* sf] bkmf !^h§ lzIff lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] lgod ((

cfb]zGof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfxM g]kfnsf]

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f #@ tyf !)&-@_ adf]lhd o; cbfntdf bfo/ x'g cfPsf]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / 7x/ o;k|sf/5M

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*(!% –*(!% –*(!% –*(!% –*(!% – ;f]letnfn ofbj lj=clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u ;d]t

d lgj]bs ldlt @)^)÷%÷* df >L;Tob]jL dfWolds ljBfno h'ljyf sflnsf]6dflgDg dfWolds ljBfno txsf] t[tLo >]0fLsf]lzIfs kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm eO{ sfo{/t /xFb}cfPsf] cj:yfdf ;?jf ul/kfpg lhNnf lzIffsfof{no l;/fxfdf lgj]bg lbPsf] lyPF . ;f]lgj]bg pk/ lhNnf lzIff clwsf/LHo"af6 ldlt@)^&÷@÷!* sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ dnfO{ ;Tob]jLdfWolds ljBfno sflnsf]6af6 >L lgDgdfWolds ljBfno e'Ns] l;/xfdf /x]sf] l/Qmb/aGbLdf lhNnfGt/ ;?jf u/L kb:yfkgful/Psf] / ;f]xL ldltsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;'Gb/ hgtfdfWolds ljBfno cf}/xLdf sfh v6fPadf]lhdxfn;Dd ;f]xL ljBfnodf /dfgf lnO{ xfhL/ eO{tna eQf ;d]t vfO{ xfn;Dd sfo{/t /xFb}cfPsf] 5' .+ o;/L sfo{/t /xFb} cfPsf] cj:yfdfPsfPs ldlt @)^*÷^÷@^ df lhNnf lzIffsfof{no sflnsf]6sf] ldlt @)^*÷$÷#! sf]kq k|fKt eO{ x]bf{ lzIff dGqfnosf] ldlt@)^*÷$÷#) sf] kqdf æclVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ldlt @)^*÷#÷@@ sf]kqfg';f/ sflnsf]6 lhNnf ;Tob]jL pRrdfWolds ljBfno h'ljyfdf sfo{/t lzIfszf]letnfn ofbjnfO{ l;/xf lhNnf >L lgDgdfWolds ljBfno e'Ns]sf] lg=df=lj= lzIfssf]b/aGbLdf ;?jf kb:yfkgf ug]{ u/L ePsf] ldlt@)^*÷@÷!* sf] lg0f{o tyf l;/xf lhNnfsf];'Gb/ hgtf dfWolds ljBfno cf}/xLdf sfhdf/fVg] u/L ePsf] lg0f{o sfg"gtM ldn]sf] gb]lv+bf;f] ;?jf tyf sfh;DaGwL lg0f{o /4 u/L ;f]sf]hfgsf/L k7fpgÆ eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]v eO{cfPsf]n] pQm ;?jf /2 ul/Psf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/Lu/fOG5 egL d lgj]bsnfO{ kq lbOPaf6 pQmlg0f{o Pj+ kqaf6 cGofodf k/]sf]n] Goflos

pkrf/sf] lgldQ k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg lnO{ pkl:ytePsf] 5' .

clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]unfO{pQm ;?jf /2 ug]{ lg0f{o ubf{ s'g sfg"gLclwsf/ k|of]u u/L pQm ;?jf /2 ug]{ lg0f{ou/]sf] xf], ;f] s'/f v'Nb}g . d]/f] pQm ;?jf lzIffP]gsf] bkmf !^h= / lzIff lgodfjnLsf] lgod(( adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L ul/Psf] cj:yfdfpQm ;?jf ug]{ lg0f{o /2 ubf{ pQm lzIff P]g /lgodfjnLsf] s'g bkmf / lgodsf] ljk/Lt ePsf]xf] ;f] s'/f cfof]usf] kqdf pNn]v 5}g . ;fy}d]/f] ;?jf @)^&÷@÷!* sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ePsf]dfldlt @)^*÷@÷!* sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ePsf];?jfnfO{ /2 ul/Psf] cj:yf 5 .

;?jf kZrft d}n] /dfgf a'emL ldlt@)^&÷#÷! b]lv ;?jf ePsf] ljBfnodf xfhL/eO{ ldlt @)^* ;fn sflQs dlxgf;Ddsf]tna eQf ;d]t vfO{ sfo{/t /x]sf] nueu 8]9aif{ lat]kl5 dfq pQm ldlt @)^*÷#÷^ sf]ldlt pNn]v u/L ;?jf ab/ ePsf] hfgsf/Lk|fKt x'g cfPsf] 5 .

t;y{, ljkIfLx¿sf sfdsf/jfxL /lg0f{on] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]wf/f !@-#_-r_ ;d]t åf/f k|bQ d]/f] df}lns xsPj+ lzIff P]g / lzIff lgodfjnL åf/f k|bQsfg"gL xsx¿sf] ;d]t xgg\ x'g uPsf]n] ljkIfLcfof]uaf6 ldlt @)^*÷#÷^ df ;?jf /2 ug]{u/L ePsf] lg0f{o Pj+ ;f] lg0f{osf] cfwf/dfdnfO{ lbOPsf] ldlt @)^*÷#÷@@ sf] kq /lzIff dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^*÷$÷#) sf] kqtyf lhNnf lzIff sfof{no sflnsf]6sf] ldlt@)^*÷$÷#! sf] kq Pj+ lg0f{onufotsf dnfO{k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ u/L ljkIfLx¿af6 ePsfsfdsf/jfxL kqfrf/ cflbnfO{ pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zn]


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ab/ u/L d lgj]bsnfO{ ;?jf ePsf] ljBfnoPj+ xfn sfo{/t /x]sf] ljBfnodf oyfjt ¿kdfsfd sfh ug{ lbg' lbnfpg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf]gfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z ;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFmeGg] l/6 lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{xf] < of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf ldltn] af6fsf]Dofb afx]s !% lbgleq dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]sfof{nodfkm{t\ lnlvt hjfkm k7fpg' egLl/6 lgj]bgsf] Psk|lt gSsn ;fy} /fvLljkIfLx¿nfO{ ;"rgf k7fO{ lnlvt hjfkm cfPkl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5 lgodadf]lhd k]zug'{ . ;fy} cGtl/d cfb]zsf] dfu ;DaGwdfljrf/ubf{ lzIff P]g, @)@* sf] bkmf !^h sf]pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ tyf ;f]sf] k|ltaGwfTdsv08 cg';f/ k|lqmof k'¥ofO{ ;?jf ug{ ;lsg]b]lvFbf / ;f]xLadf]lhd oL lgj]bsnfO{ ;?jful/Psf]n] To;nfO{ ab/ ug]{ clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]usf] @)^*÷#÷^ sf] lg0f{o,@)^*÷#÷@@ sf] kq / ;f]xL cg';f/ lzIffdGqnfosf] @)^*÷$÷#) / lhNnf lzIffsfof{no sflnsf]6sf] ldlt @)^*÷$÷#! sf]kq ;d]t k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtd lg0f{ogeP;Dd sfof{Gjog gug'{, gu/fpg' oyfjt/xg lbg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfpFdf ;jf]{Rrcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod $!-!_adf]lhd cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u/L lbPsf]5 . lgodfg';f/ u/L k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntPs GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;sf] cfb]z .

;Tob]jL pRr dfWolds ljBfno h'ljyfsflnsf]6sf lzIfs zf]letnfn ofbjnfO{ lzIfflgodfjnL, @)%( sf] Joj:yfljk/Lt 7f8f]tf]s cfb]zåf/f lhNnfGt/ ;?jf ul/Psf] eGg]

ljifodf cfof]udf btf{ x'g cfPsf] ph"/Lpk/cfof]uaf6 cg';Gwfg txsLsft eO{ o;cfof]usf] ldlt @)^*÷#÷^ sf] a}7saf6æl;/xf lhNnfsf tTsfnLg lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Låfl/sfk|;fb ofbjn] sflnsf]6 lhNnf ;Tob]jLpRr dfWolds ljBfno h'ljyfdf sfo{/tlzIfs zf]letnfn ofbjnfO{ ;f] ljBfnoaf6l;/fxf lhNnfsf] lgDg dfWolds ljBfno e'Ns]sf]lgDg dfWolds ljBfno cGtu{tsf] lzIfssf]b/jGbLdf ;?jf ug] { u/L ePsf ] ldlt@)^&÷@÷!* sf] lg0f{o tyf l;/xf lhNnfsf];'Gb/ hgtf dfWolds ljBfno cf}/xLdf tf]scfb]zåf/f sfhdf /fVg] u/L ePsf] lg0f{osfg"gtM ldn]sf] gb]lvFbf lzIff dGqfnonfO{;f] ;?Jff tyf sfh;DaGwL lg0f{o /2 ug{ n]vLk7fpg]Æ egL lg0f{o eO{ sfof{Gjogsf] nflulzIff dGqfnodf o; cfof ]usf ] ldlt@)^*÷#÷@@ sf] kqaf6 n]vL k7fOPsf] xf] .;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf JolQmaf6 cg'lrtsfo{ ePsf] b]lvP pQm cg'lrt sfo{sf]b'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg lgb]{zg lbg;Sg] Joj:yfclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf !@v n] cfof]unfO{ ePcg'¿kg} ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bssf] ;?jf ab/ u/L ;Rofpgcfof]uaf6 lg0f{o u/L ;f] d'tfljs lzIffdGqfnonfO{ lbPsf] kq c;+j}wflgs jfsfg"gljk/Lt ePsf] eGg ldNg] cj:yf gx'Fbfl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgj]bsnfO{ sflnsf]6 lhNnf ;Tob]jLpRr dfWolds ljBfno h'ljyfaf6 l;/xflhNnfsf] lgDg dfWolds ljBfno e'Ns]df ;?jfug]{ u/L ePsf] ldlt @)^&÷@÷!* sf] lg0f{otyf ;f] lhNnfsf] ;'Gb/ hgtf dfWolds ljBfno

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cf}/xLdf tf]s cfb]zåf/f sfhdf /fVg] u/L ePsf]lg0f{o sfg"gtM ldn]sf] gb]lvFbf ;f] ;?Jff tyfsfh;DaGwL lg0f{o /2 ug{ o; dGqfnodfcfof]usf] ldlt @)^*÷#÷@@ sf] kqåf/f n]vLcfPadf]lhd cfof]usf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjogsf] nfludGqfnoåf/f ;DalGwt lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodfn]vL k7fOPsf] x'Fbf o; dGqfnonfO{ ljkIfLagfO{ bfo/ ePsf] l/6 vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]lzIff dGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

l/6 lgj]bs ldlt @)^&÷@÷!* dfo; ljBfnodf sfh ;?jf eO { ldlt@)^&÷#÷! b ] lv xfhL/ eO { sf lQsdlxgf;Ddsf] tna eQf ;d]t vfO{ sfo{/t/x]sf] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . lghnfO{ cGoq km]/L;?jf u/L k7fpFbf o; ljBfnosf] k7gkf7gdf g} c;/ kg{ hfg] / ljBfyL{x¿sf]S.L.C. k/LIff ;d]t glhs cfO/x]sf] x'gfn]lghnfO{ cGoq ;?jf u/L k7fpg pko'Qmgx'g] tyf lzIff sfof{noaf6 ePsf] ;?jftyf sfh lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt ;d]t /x]sf]x'Fbf o; ljBfnosf] xsdf dfu adf]lhdsf]cfb]z hf/L x'gkg]{ xf]Og eGg] ;d]tsf] ;'Gb/hgtf dfWolds ljBfno cf}/xL l;/fxfsf]lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs d'2f k]zL ;"rLdfr9L lg0f{ofy{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdfl/6 lgj]bssf] tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmf xl/k|;fbpk]|tLn] lgj]bs ;Tob]jL dfWolds ljBfnoh'ljyf sflnsf]6af6 sfg"gadf]lhd lgDgdfWolds ljBfno, e'Ns] l;/fxfdf ;?jf e}hgtf dfWolds ljBfno cf}/xLdf sfhdfsfo{/t /x]sf] cj:yfdf lgj]bsnfO{ ;?jf tyfsfhdf v6fpg] u/L ePsf] lhNnf lzIff sfof{nol;/xfsf] ldlt @)^&÷@÷!* sf] lg0f{o clVtof/

b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ldlt @)^*÷#÷^sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ /2 ePsf] cj:yf x'Fbf clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]unfO{ sfg"gadf]lhdePsf] ;?jf /2 ug]{ If]qflwsf/ gePsf]n]If ]qf lwsf/ljxLg pQm cfof ]usf ] ldlt@)^*÷#÷^ sf] lg0f{o / pQm lg0f{osf cfwf/df;?jf /2 ul/Psf] egL lzIff dGqfno / lhNnflzIff sfof{no sflnsf]6n] lbPsf] kq ;d]tpTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L lgj]bsnfO{ xfn;?jf eO{ sfo{/t /x]sf] l;/xf lhNnf cGtu{tsf]ljBfnodf oyfjt ¿kdf sfdsfh ug{ lbg'egL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfpFdf k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFmegL ax; ug'{eof] .

k|ToyL{ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]u ;d]tsf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg;xGofoflwjQmf dx]z zdf{ kf}8]nn] lgj]bsnfO{lhNnf lzIff sfof{no l;/xfn] ;?jf ubf{k|lqmof k"/f gu/L ;?jf u/]sf] b]lvPsf],;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf JolQmaf6 cg'lrtsfo{ ePsf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf pQm cg'lrtsfo{sf] b'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]clwsf/ cfof]unfO{ ePsf] / ;f] cg'¿kl;/xfsf lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lsf] ;?jflg0f{odf cg'lrt sfo{ ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] pQm;?jf ;Rofpg clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]uaf6 lgb]{zg lbOPsf] cj:yf 5 . t;y{pQm cfof]usf] lg0f{o, lgb]{zg / tt\;DaGwLkq sfg"g cg'¿ks} x'Fbf ljkIfLsf] l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm egL ug'{ePsf] ax; ;d]t;'lgof] .

b'j} tkm{sf sfg"g Joj;foLsf] ax; ;'gLlgj]bssf] ;?jf /2 ug]{ u/L ePsf] clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfdsf/jfxL /lg0f{o sfg"g cg'¿ksf 5g\ 5}gg\ < / lgj]bssf]


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dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf] xf]Og <tt\;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvof] .

lgj]bsn] cfk"m sfo{/t /x]sf] sflnsf]6lhNnf cGtu{t ;Tob]jL dfWolds ljBfnoaf6l;/xf lhNnf cGtu {tsf ] ljBfnodfsfg"gadf]lhd ;?jf eO{ sfo{/t /x]sf] cj:yfdfclVtof/ b'¿kof ]u cg';Gwfg cfof ]un]If]qflwsf/ gf3L ;?jf /2 ug{ egL k7fPsf]kqfg';f/ lzIff dGqfno / lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosflnsf]6n] ;?jf /2 ul/Psf] egL dnfO{hfgsf/L u/fPsf]n] pQm cfof]usf] ;?jf /2ug]{ u/L ePsf] ldlt @)^*÷#÷^ sf] lg0f{o /tt\;DaGwL kq, lzIff dGqfnosf] ldlt@)^*÷$÷#) sf] kq Pj+ lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosflnsf]6sf] ldlt @)^*÷$÷#! sf] kq ;d]tpTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L l;/xf lhNnfcGtu{tsf] ljBfnodf g} oyfjt sfdsfh ug{lbg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfpFdf k/dfb]z hf/Lul/kfpmF eGg] oL lgj]bssf] d'Vo dfu bfjL/x]5 .

@= lg0f {otkm { ljrf/ubf { lgj]bs;f]letnfn ofbj lhNnf lzIff sfof{no l;/xfsf]ldlt @)^&÷@÷!* sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;Tob]jLdf Wo lds ljBfno, jf lnrf } / h ' ljyfsflnsf]6af6 l;/xf lhNnf l:yt lgDg dfWoldsljBfno e'Ns]df ;?jf u/L ;'Gb/ hgtfdfWolds ljBfno cf}/xL, l;/fxfdf sfhdfcWofkg/t /x]sf] eGg] lhNnf lzIff sfof{nol;/xfn] lgj]bsnfO{ lbPsf] ldlt @)^&÷@÷!*sf] lhNnfGt/ ;?jf kqaf6 b]lvg cfpF5 .lgj]bssf] ;?jfsf] ;DaGwdf clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]udf ph"/L k/]sf]df tt\ ;DaGwdf5fgaLg x'Fbf lgj]bsnfO{ ;?jf tyf sfhdf/fVg] u/L ePsf] lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L l;/xfsf]

ldlt @)^&÷@÷!* sf] lg0f{o sfg"gtM ldn]sf]g]blvFbf pQm lg0f{o /2 ug{ cfof]uaf6 lzIffdGqfnodf n]vL k7fOPsf] eGg] ldl;n ;+nUgldlt @)^*÷#÷@@ sf] ljkIfL cfof]usf] kqaf6b]lvg cfpF5 . clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]usf] kqfg';f/ egL lgj]bssf] ;?jf tyfsfh /2 u/L hfgsf/L k7fpg lzIff dGqfnon]ldlt @)^*÷$÷#) df lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosflnsf]6df n]vL k7fPsf] tyf lgj]bssf] ;?jf/2 ul/Psf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fOG5 egLlhNnf lzIff sfof{no sflnsf]6n] ldlt@)^*÷$÷#! df oL lgj]bsnfO{ lbPsf] kqaf6b]lvG5 .

#= lgj]bssf] ;?jfsf] ;DaGwdf k|ToyL{lzIff dGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm x]bf{ clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] kqfg';f/ ;?jf/2 ug{ n]vL k7fOPsf] eGg] pNn]v 5 . k|ToyL{cfof]usf] lnlvt hjfkmdf ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0fu/]sf JolQmaf6 cg'lrt sfo{ ePsf] b]lvPdf;f] sfo{sf] b'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg lgb]{zg lbg;Sg] clwsf/ cfof]udf ePcg'¿k l;/xfsflhNnf lzIff clwsf/Ln] lgj]bssf] ;?jfsf];DaGwdf u/]sf] lg0f{odf cg'lrt sfo{ ePsf]b]lvPaf6 lgj]bssf] ;?jf ab/ u/L ;Rofpgn]vL k7fpg] u/L cfof]uaf6 ePsf] lg0f{osfg"g;Ddt /x]sf] egL lnlvt hjfkmdf pNn]vu/]sf] b]lvG5 .

$= ca lgj]bssf] ;?jf /2 ug]{ clwsf/k|ToyL{ cfof]unfO{ /x] g/x]sf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ubf{ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf !@v df æ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0fu/]sf] JolQmn] u/]sf] cg'lrt sfo{af6 pTkGgb'ikl/0ffd k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ;Rofpgsfnflu cfof]un] ;DalGwt clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{

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n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5Æ eGg] pNn]v 5 . clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uaf6 pQm sfg"gLJoj:yfsf] kfngf eP geP tkm{ ljrf/ubf{ld;Ln ;+nUg cfof]usf] ldlt @)^*÷#÷^ sf]lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlkaf6 ælgj]bs zf]letnfnofbjsf] ;?jf lzIff P]g, @)@* sf] bkmf !^htyf lzIff lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] lgod ((;d]tsf] ljk/Lt eO{ sfg"gtM ldn]sf] gb]lvFbfpQm ;?jf /2 ug{ n]vL k7fpg]Æ egL ePsflg0f{ofg';f/ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]un] lzIff dGqfno / lzIff dGqfnon]lhNnf lzIff sfof{no sflnsf]6nfO{ n]vLk7fPsf] kqcg';f/ lgj]bssf] ;?jf ab/ ePsf]b]lvG5 .

%= lzIff P]g, @)@* tyf lzIfflgodfjnL, @)%( n] lzIff dGqfno, lzIffljefu Pj+ ;f ] cGtu{tsf If ]lqo lzIfflgb]{zgfno / lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;d]tnfO{lzIfs lzlIfsfsf] ;?jf ug]{ clwsf/ k|bfgu/L tt\;DaGwL k|lqmofsf af/]df pNn]v u/]sf]b]lvG5 . lgj]bssf] ;?jf sfg"gljk/Lt ePsf]b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf klg lzIff dGqfno lzIffljefu jf ;f ] cGtu {t clVtof/k | f Ktclwsf/Laf6 k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd To:tf] ;?jfab/ ug{ ;Sg] g} x'G5 . t/ lzIff dGqfno jflzIff ljefuaf6 ;f] ab/ ePsf] geO{ clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] kqfg';f/lgj]bssf] ;?jf ab/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]gsf] bkmf !@vdf æ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] u/]sf]cg ' lrt sfo {sf ] b ' ik l/0 f fd k |r lntsfg"gadf]lhd ;Rofpgsf nflu cfof]un];DalGwt clwsf/L jf lgsfonfO{ n]vL k7fpg;Sg]5Æ eGg] Joj:yf pNn]v 5 . ;f]adf]lhd

;j{k|yd bkmf !@s adf]lhd lghsf] lhNnfGt/;?jf ug]{ lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{onfO{æcg'lrt sfo{Æ 7x/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;fy} cg'lrtsfo{ ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ ljlw;Ddt tl/sfaf6:ki6Ls/0f dfUg] / ;f] :ki6Ls/0faf6 ;Gt'i6x'g] cfwf/ geP ;f] sfo{nfO{ cg'lrt sfo{ egL7x/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cg'lrt sfo{ eP u/]sf]7x/]sf] cj:yfdf dfq bkmf !@v adf]lhd;f]sf] b'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{n]vL k7fpg] cj:yf x'G5 t/ cfof]usf] lg0f{oaf6lhNnfGt/ ;?jf u/]sf] sfo{nfO{ cg'lrt sfo{7x/ g} gu/L cfkm}n] ;?jf ab/ ug]{ lg0f{o ug]{clwsf/ k|ToyL{ cfof]unfO{ pQm clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]gsf] bkmf !@sjf !@v n] lbb}g . ;f]sf] cnfjf clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$* adf]lhdcfof]u s'g} klg ;/sf/L lgsfosf] lgodg /lgoGq0f ug]{ ;+:yf geO{ ;f] ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6ePsf] æcg'lrt sfo{Æ jf æe|i6frf/hGo sfo{ÆeP u/]sf] b]lvPdf cg';Gwfg sf/afxL ug]{lgsfo ;Dd ePsf] / :jo+n] s'g} lg0f{o ug{ /;hfo ug]{ lgsfosf] ¿kdf /x]sf] b]lvFb}g .cfˆgf] clwsf/ jf sfo{If]q gf3L u/]sf] sfo{nfO{zlQmsf] clws k|of]u u/]sf] dfGg' kg]{ x'G5 .k|ToyL{ cfof]un] ;/sf/L kbflwsf/L lhNnflzIff clwsf/Ln] cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf] 7x/ g}gu/L cg'lrt sfo{sf] b'ikl/0ffd ;Rofpg cfkm}n];?jf /2 ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] / ;f]sf] sfof{Gjogug{ lzIff dGqfnonfO{ n]vL k7fPsf] eGg] pQmldlt @)^*÷#÷^ sf] cfof]usf] lg0f{o / tt\;DaGwL kqaf6 b]lvG5 . To;}n] ljkIfL cfof]usf]pQm lg0f{o / sfdsf/jfxL P]gsf] bkmf !@v sf]sfo{If]q eGbf aflx/ u} zlQmsf] clws k|of]u-Use of Excessive Power_ ePsf] b]lvg uPsf]n]


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;f] sfo{nfO{ sfg"g cg'¿ksf] sfo{ dfGg ldn]g .cfkm"df /x]sf] clwsf/ eGbf a9L clwsf/ k|of]u-Use of Excessive Power_ u/]sf] b]lvPdf jfclwsf/sf] cltqmd0f u/]sf] ePdf jf gePsf]clwsf/ k|of]u u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] sfo{af6s;}sf] ;+ljwfg Pj+ sfg"g k|bQ xs clwsf/dfcf3ft k/]sf] b]lvg cfP To:tf] lg0f{o jfsfdsf/jfxL ab/of]Uo x'G5 .

^= t;y{ dfly plNnlvt cfwf/ a'Fbfaf6lgj]bssf] ;?jf /2 ug]{ u/L ePsf] clVtof/b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ldlt @)^*÷#÷^sf] lg0f{o Pj+ ;f] cfwf/df lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosflnsf]6sf] ldlt @)^*÷$÷#! sf] kq ;d]tsfg"gljk/Ltsf] b]lvO{ ;f] sfdsf/jfxLaf6lgj]bssf] ;+j}wflgs xsflwsf/df cf3ft k'UguPsf] b]lvPsf]n] pQm lg0f{o / kqx¿ pTk]|if0fsf]cfb]zåf/f ab/ ul/lbPsf] 5 . lzIff P]g, @)@*/ lzIff lgodfjnL, @)%( n] tf]s]sf] ljlw /k|lqmof ckgfO{ lzIfs lzlIfsfsf] ;?jf x'g'kg]{dfs;}sf] b'Odt x'g ;Sb}g . lgj]bssf] ;?jfsf];DaGwdf klg sfg"gL k|lqmof gk'u]sf] eP ;f]k |lqmof k"/f u/L cflwsfl/s lgsfoaf6;?jf;DaGwL lg0f{o / sf/jfxL x'g;Sg] g} x'Fbf;f] geP;Dd lgj]bsnfO{ xfn sfo{/t /x]s}l;/xf lhNnf cGtu{tsf] ljBfnodf oyfjtsfdsfh ug{ lbg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfpFdfk/dfb]z ;d]t hf/L x'g] 7x5{ . cfb]zsf] hfgsf/Lk|ToyL{x¿nfO{ lbO{ bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ld;Lnlgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg' .

pQm /fodf d ;xdt 5' .Gof=k|sfz j:tLOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn c;f/ @^ ut] /f]h # z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M– jf;'b]j kf}8]n

lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(!^*(!^*(!^*(!^*(!^

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL)^&–WO–)%#^

km};nf ldltM @)^(.*.!@.#


lgj]bsM sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf sfof{noafub/af/df kb:yfkgf eO{ sfo{/t\;x;lrj u0f]z /fO{

lj¿4ljkIfLM cfgGb/fh kf]v/]n, sfo{sf/L clws[t

sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf ;d]t

§ /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] sd{rf/LnfO{cjlw tf]sL ;¿jf ug'{kg]{ afWofTdssfg"gL Joj:yf g/x]sf] cj:yfdf s'g}klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'g} cd'ssfof{nodf dfq /xL ;]jf ug{ kfpg'k5{egL bfjL ug{ gldNg] x'Fbf P]g, lgodfjnLsf]cwLgdf /xL ;¿jf ug{ ;Sg] .

§ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfg"gsf]k|lqmof k'¥ofO{ pxL juL{s[t If]qsf] Pssfof{noaf6 csf]{ sfof{nodf ;¿jfub{}df lghsf] ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL xsxgg\ x'g hfg] eGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=#_lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf xl/x/

bfxfn / clwjQmfx¿ sfzLk|;fb l3ld/]Pj+ cdLtf bLlIft

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*(!^ –*(!^ –*(!^ –*(!^ –*(!^ – u0f]z /fO{ lj=cfgGb/fh kf]v/]n ;d]t

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ljgf]bkf]v/]n

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !*,

!*-#_, %(-s_-@_, ^) sf] -3_,-ª_,-r_§ lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%) sf]

lgod #^

cfb]zGof=k|sfz j:tLM g]kfnsf]

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ / !)&-@_n] o;} cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/ leq kg]{ k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / cfb]z o; k|sf/5 M–

d lgj]bs g]kfn ;/sf/ lghfdtL ;]jfsf]k|zf;g ;d"xsf] k|yd >]0fL ;x;lrj kbdfaxfn 5' . d ;fljs u[x dGqfnocGtu{t sfo{/t\/x]sf]df ldlt @)^^.*.!! sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ :yfgLoljsf; dGqfnodf ;¿jf ul/of] eg] ldlt@)^^.*.@% sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ ldlt @)^^.*.@^b]lv sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfdf kb:yfkgfePsf] x'F . d]/f] kb:yfkgf ;dodf sf7df8f}+dxfgu/kflnsfdf lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ljlzi6>]0fLsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] b/aGbL /x]sf]df lghcjsfz eO{ lgj]bs g} sfo{sf/L k|d'v eO{ sfo{ug'{kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf]df d]/f] clwsf/ /sfo{If ]q :ki6 gePsf]n] :yfgLo ljsf;dGqfnodf kqfrf/ ubf{ ldlt @)^^.(.@* sf]dlGq:t/Lo lg0f {o egL cf ly {sk|zf;lgsnufotsf sfo{sf/L clws[tn] ug]{;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ug'{ egL kq k|fKt ePsf]df;f]xLcg';f/ ub}{ cfPsf]df @)^& h]7df k|ToyL{cfgGb/fh kf]v/]n sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfsf]

sfo{sf/L clws[t lgo'lQm eO{ cfpg' ePsf] /;DalGwt dGqfnon] lghnfO{ gu/ k|d'vn] ug]{sfo{sf] af/]df clwsf/ k|bfg gu/] klg d}n]gu/ k|d'vsf] x}l;otn] ug]{ u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ug{ yfNg' eof] . o;}aLr ldlt @)^&.#.@* sf]g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGqkl/ifb\_ sf] lg0f{oadf]lhdsf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfdf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf]sfo{sf/L clws[t kb vf/]h u¥of] .

;f]kZrft\ cfgGb/fh kf]v/]n :jtM;¿jf x'g] jf cGoq hfg' kg]{df clwsf/laxLgeO;s]kl5 ldlt @)^&.$.#! df gu/ kl/ifb\ul/Psf]df d}n] k"j{ ¿kdf ;~rfng u/]sfcfof]hgf ;d]t k|efljt x'g] b]vL c;xdlthgfPsf]df To;nfO{ g} cfwf/ dfgL k"jf{u|xk"0f{tj/n] d]/f] cg'zf;gsf] k|Zg p7fO{ ljefuLosf/jfxLsf] nflu d]/f] xsdf c;/ k'¥ofpgb'/fu|x /fvL ldlt @)^&.%.! df lghfdtL ;]jfP]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $! / $@ ;DaGwL s;"/u/]sf] eGb} bkmf ^) sf] -3_, -ª_,-r_ / bkmf%(-s_-@_ adf]lhd ;hfo lsg gug]{ :ki6Ls/0fk]z ug'{ xf]nf egL kq n]v]sf] eGg] Joxf]/f ub}{;f]xL Joxf]/fsf kq ldlt @)^&.%.^ / ldlt@)^&.%.!) df n]Vbf ;d]t d}n] ga'em]sf] egLcfkm"v'zL Joxf]/f kf/L ldlt @)^&.%.!* dfuf]/vfkqdf pk/f]Qmadf]lhd :ki6Ls/0f k]zug]{ ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] /x]5 . ;f] ldltleqd}n] sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfdf :ki6Ls/0fk]z u/]sf] 5' .

d lgj]bs /f=k=k|yd >]0fLsf] sd{rf/LePsf] cfwf/df dnfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ clwsf/;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrjnfO{ dfq ePsf]dfclwsf/ gePsf ljkIfL cfgGb/fh kf]v/]nn]uf]/vfkqdf k|:tfljt ;hfo ug]{ lg0f{o u/L;dy{gsf] nflu ljkIfL :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno


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/ ljkIfL s[i0f 1jfnLsf]df k7fPsf]df dnfO{;hfo ug]{ k|:tfjdf lgh ljkIfLx¿af6 ;dy{gcfb]z ;d]t eO;s]sf] x'Fbf ddfly sf/jfxL g}ug]{ dgl:yltdf ljkIfLx¿ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;}u/L xfn;fn} d]/f] ;¿jf nf]s;]jf cfof]udfePsf] egL ldlt @)^&.*.( sf] b}lgs sflGtk'/df;dfrf/ k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . o;/L clwsf/gePsf kbflwsf/Ln] u/]sf] ;hfosf] l;kmfl/z/ dnfO{ nf]s;]jf cfof]udf ;¿jf ug]{ u/]sf]lg0f{o lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( tyf lghfdtL;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%) ljk/Lt /x]sf] / To;af6g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@,!# / !* n] lbPsf] d]/f] df}lns xsdf aGb]hnfUg'sf ;fy} a[lQ ljsf;df ;d]t c;/ kg]{ePsf]n] pQm ;hfosf] sf/jfxL tyf ;¿jf ug]{u/L u/]sf] lg0f{o pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/LdnfO{ oyfjt kbdf axfn /fVg' eGg] k/dfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/kfpmF eGg] l/6 lgj]bg dfubfjL .

lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsghf/L gx'g' kg]{ xf], hf/L x'g' gkg]{ s'g} sf/0feP of] ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf] Dofbafx ]s !% lbgleq dxfGofoflwjQmfsf ]sfof{nodfkm{t lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ egLljkIfLx¿sf] gfpFdf ;"rgf k7fO{ lnlvt hjfkmk/]kl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5 lgodfg';f/ k]zug"{ . lgj]bsn] cGtl/d cfb]z ;d]tsf] dfuu/ ]sf ] b ] lv +b f To;tkm { ljrf/ ubf {If]qflwsf/ljlxg clwsf/Ln] ;hfo k|:tfj u/L:ki6Ls/0f ;f]w]sf], ;kmfOsf] df}sf glbPsf]egL lgj]bsn] lgj]bgdf pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvPsf]/ ;'ljwf ;Gt'ng -Balance of Convenianc_ sf]l;4fGt ;d]tsf] cfwf/df ljkIfLx¿sf] lnlvthjfkm k|fKt ePkl5 k'gM ljrf/ ug]{ u/L xfnnfO{

lgj]bsnfO{ cGoq :yfGt/0f gug'{ gu/fpg',;fljsadf]lhd sf7df8f} + dxfgu/kflnsf]sfof{nodf oyfjt\ sfd sfh ug'{ u/fpg' /s'g} lsl;dsf] ljefuLo ;hfo gug'{, gu/fpg'egL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfpFdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod $!-!_ adf]lhdcGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ul/lbPsf] 5 . o;cfb]zsf] ;"rgf ljkIfLx¿nfO{ sfg"gadf]lhdk7fO{ lgodfg';f/ ug'{ egL o; cbfntaf6ePsf] cfb]z .

sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfo{sf/Lk|d'vsf] kb /fhkqf+lst ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] kb/x]sf] s'/f l/6 lgj]bgdf ;d]t :jLsf/ ul/Psf]5 . ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] kbl/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf ;f] kbsf] lhDd]jf/Llgjf{x ug{ l/6 lgj]bsnfO{ kq lbPsf] s'/fl/6 lgj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 . ljlzi6>]0fLsf sfo{sf/L clws[tsf] kb l/Qm /x]sf]cj:yfdf ;f ] kbsf] lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf]cj:yfdf sfo{sf/L clws[tsf] b/aGbLdf;DalGwt >]0fL -/fhk+qflst ljlzi6 >]0fL_sf] sd{rf/L kb:yfkg eO{ cfO{ ;s]kl5 klg;f] kbn] ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ lhDd]jf/L cfkm"n] g};DxfNg kfpg' kg]{ bfjL ug'{sf] cf}lrTo 5}g .lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !* sf]pkbkmf -#_ df Joj:yf ePadf]lhd /fhkqf+lstk|yd >]0fLsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;¿jf ubf{ cjlwtf]sL ;¿jf ug'{ kb}{g . t;y{ ;f] >]0fLsfsd{rf/LnfO{ clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/Ln] h'g;'s}avt ;¿jf ug{ ;Sg] ePsf]n] ;¿jf /f]sLkfpg ul/Psf ] bfjL s'g } klg sfg "gLJoj:yfcg'¿k 5}g .

g ]k fn ;/sf/ -sfo { ;Dkfbg_lgodfjnL, @)^$ cg';f/ lghfdtL ;]jfsf]

16711671167116711671


/fhk+qflst k|yd >]0fL jf ;f] ;/x / ;f]eGbfdflysf] kbx¿df ;¿jf ug]{ clwsf/ g]kfn;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\df /x]sf] 5 . To;} u/LlghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL,@)%) sf] lgod #^sf] pklgod -@_ df ePsf] Joj:yfcg';f//fhk+qflst k|yd >]0fLsf ] sd{rf/LnfO{cGt/dGqfno ;¿jf ug'{kbf{ g]kfn ;/sf/dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;¿jf ug'{kg] {b]lvG5 . o;/L plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f//fhk+qflst k|yd >]0fLsf sd{rf/LnfO{cGt/dGqfno ;¿jf ug{ clVtof/L k|fKt g]kfn;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ldlt @)^$.!.!^ sf]lg0f{on] lghfdtL ;]jfsf /fhk+qflst k|yd>]0fL ;x;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf kb;Dd ;¿jfug'{ kbf{ Gofo ;]jfsf] kbdf afx]s ;¿jf ug{;fdfGo k |zf;g dGqL ÷ /fHodGqLsf ];+of]hsTjdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj,;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ;lrj, ;DalGwtdGqfnosf] ;lrj / ;¿jf ug{ k|:tfljtul/Psf] dGqfnosf] ;lrj ;b:o /x]sf];ldltnfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb \af6 ePsf ] clwsf/k|Tofof]hgadf]lhd pQm ;ldltsf] lg0f{ofg';f/g} l/6 lgj]bssf] ;¿jf ePsf]n] lghsf] ;¿jfsfof{Gjogof]Uo 5 .

lghfdtL ;]jf P]g tyf lgodfjnLdfePsf ] Joj:yfadf ] lhd P ]gn ] tf ]s ]sf ]Joj:yfljk/Ltsf cfr/0f ug]{ sd{rf/Ln]ljefuLo ;hfoaf6 pGd'lQm kfpg ;Sb}g .s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{ ePsf] ljefuLo ;hfosf];DaGwdf pkrf/ vf]Hg kfpg] Joj:yf ;d]t;f] P]gdf :ki6 /x]sf]n] ;f] Joj:yfadf]lhdpkrf/ vf]Hg ;lsg]df ;DdfgLt cbfntsf]c;fwf/0f clwsf/If ]qcGtu{t l/6 bfo/

ul/Psf] sfo{ ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gL Joj:yfcg's"n /x]sf] 5}g . lgh l/6 lgj]bsnfO{ ug]{elgPsf] ljefuLo ;hfosf] ;DaGwdf 5'§}k|lqmofåf/f lgsf;f lgl:sg ;Sg] g} ePsf] /;f] ljefuLo ;hfosf] k|lqmofsf] ljifo /lghnfO{ ;¿jf ul/Psf] ljifo cnu–cnuePsf]n] ljefuLo ;hfosf] k|lqmof;DaGwLcfwf/ lnO{ ;DdfgLt cbfntaf6 lgj]bsnfO{cGoq :yfgfGt/0f gug{ gu/fpg hf/L ePsf]cGtl/d cfb]z vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] afnfgGbkf}8]n, ;lrj ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf]lnlvt hjfkm .

:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] kqfg';f/lgj]bsnfO{ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf^* adf]lhd b'O{ tna a[l4 /f]Ssfsf] ljefuLo;hfo ug{ cfof]udf k/fdz{ dfu eO{ cfPsf]dfldlt @)^&.*.@& sf] cfof]usf] lg0f{ofg';f/k/fdz{ k7fO{ ;lsPsf] / ;+ljwfgn] k|bfgu/]adf]lhd k/fdz{;Dd lbPsf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] lnlvthjfkm .

ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsn] g]kfn ;/sf/dlGqkl/ifb\ Pj+ d lnlvt hjfkm k|:t'tstf{sf]s] s'g sfd, sf/jfxL jf lg0f{oaf6 lghsf]g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@,!#/ !* åf/f k|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngdf s],s;/L afwf pTkGg x'g uPsf] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdfcfˆgf] lgj]bgdf :ki6 kfg{ ;Sg' ePsf] 5}g .;+ljwfg k|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngdf afwfpTkGg u/]sf] egL bfjL lnFbf s], s;/L ;f]xssf] k|rngdf afwf pTkGg u/]sf] xf] eGg] s'/f:ki6 ¿kdf vf]nL cbfnt ;d]t ;f] s'/fdf;Gt'i6 x'g] k|df0f k]z ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . s]jn bfjLlnFb}df ;f] s'/f k'li6 x'g ;Sb}g . ljkIfL lgj]bssf]


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lgj]bgdf ;f] s'/fsf cefj x'Fbf dfuadf]lhdsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .

hxfF;Dd lgj]bsnfO{ lghfdtL ;]jfP]g, @)$( sf] bkmf %(-s_-@_ / bkmf ̂ ) sf]-3_,-ª_ / -r_ adf]lhd ;hfosf] k|:tfj /sf7df8f } + dxfgu/kflnsfaf6 nf ]s;]jfcfof]udf ;¿jf u/]sf] ;DaGwL k|Zg 5,tT;DaGwdf lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf]bkmf %( df plrt / kof{Kt sf/0f ePdflghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ ;fdfGo Pj+ ljz]if ;hfoug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o;/L g} P]gsf]bkmf ^) df gl;xt lbg] jf a9Ldf b'O{ tnaa[l4 jf b'O{ jif{;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{, bkmf^)s df b'O{ jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd a9'jf/f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{b]lv kfFr tna a[l4;Dd/f]Ssf ug]{ / bkmf ^! df ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jfavf{:t ug]{ cfwf/x¿sf ;DaGwdf Joj:yful/Psf] 5 . d'n'ssf] lghfdtL k|zf;gnfO{cg'zfl;t, dof { lbt Pj+ sfg"gadf ] lhd;~rfng ug{sf nflu s'g} lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln]P]gsf] bkmf ^), ^)s Pj+ ^! sf] b]xfodfplNnlvt s'g} sfo{ u/]df lghpk/ P]gsf] %(adf]lhdsf] ;hfo x'g;Sg] s'/fdf ljjfb x'g;Sb}g . lgh ljkIfLn] P]gsf] bkmf ^) sf]-3_, -ª_ / -r_ df plNnlvt sfo{ u/]sf]cfwf/df ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/Ln]P]gsf] bkmf %(-s_-@_ adf]lhdsf] ;hfo k|:tfju/L :ki6Ls/0f lnPsf] ljifo sfg"gadf]lhdsf]sfd, sf/jfxL x'Fbf ;f] ljifonfO{ ljkIfLn]cGoyf eGg ldNg] x'Fb}g .

;fy}, lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( Pj+lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] cwLgdf /xL cfjZostfPj+ pko'Qmtfsf cfwf/df ;¿jf ug]{ clVtof/Lk|fKt lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Ln] s'g} klg lghfdtL

sd{rf/Lsf] ;¿jf ug{ ;Sg] g} x'Fbf ljkIfLlgj]bsnfO{ sf7df8f} + dxfgu/kflnsfaf6nf]s;]jf cfof]udf ;¿jf ug{ g;Sg] eGg]x' Fb}g . sf7df8f} + dxfgu/kflnsf ;d]tsflgsfox¿df /x]sf /f=k=ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] b/aGbLh'g;'s} sf/0fn] l/Qm eP klg To:tf] b/aGbLvf/]h ug]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\af6d=k=a}=;+ !^.)^& ldlt @)^&.#.@* df lg0f{oePsf] 5 . h;cg';f/ To:tf lgsfox¿dfxfn sfo{/t\ ljlzi6 >]0fLsf sd{rf/L sfo{/t\/x];Dd To:tf lgsfox¿df /x]sf] /f=k=ljlzi6>]0fLsf] ;f] b/aGbL vf/]h geO{ sfod} /xg]Joxf]/f ;d]t ;DdfgLt cbfntnfO{ cjutu/fpFb5' . ;fy} :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf]ldlt @)^^.(.@* sf] kqaf6 æcsf]{ cfb]z jfJoj:yf geP;DdÆ ljkIfL lgj]bsnfO{ cfly{s,k|zf;lgsnufotsf sfo{sf/L clws[tn] k|of]uug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ k|of]u u/L sfdsfh ug{lbPsf] eGg] k|Zg 5, tT;DaGwdf sf7df8f}+dxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf ¿kdfcfgGb/fh kf]v/]nsf] lgo'lQm eO{ ;f] ;DaGwdfæcsf]{ Joj:yfÆ eP;Fu} ;f] kqsf] a}wflgstf:jtM lgliqmo ePsf] x' Fbf tTkZrft\ klgljkIfLn] plNnlvt ldltsf] kqfg';f/sf] sfd,sfh u/]df ljkIfLsf] ;f] sfo{ u}/sfg"gL x'g]s'/f :jtM :ki6 5 . ctM l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpmF eGg] k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]sfof{nosf d'Vo ;lrj dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]sf]lnlvt hjfkm .

d lnlvthjfkmjfnf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf];lrj sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfdf sfo{sf/Lclws[t kbdf ;¿jf e} pkl:yt ePkl5sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfo{sf/L clws[tsf]x}l;otaf6 gu/ k|d'v, kl/ifb\n] k|of]u ug]{

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;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ nufotsf] sfof{no÷ljefuLok|d'v e} d}n] sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{ xf] . dnfO{sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfdf sfo{sf/L clws[ttf]skl5 ;f] kbn] ug]{ sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/:jtM ddf cfpF5 . d sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfdfpkl:yt ePkl5 ljkIfL u0f]z /fO{sf] lgldQsfo{sf/L clws[t kb :jtM ;dfKt x'G5 . d]/f]sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf ;¿jf ljkIfLsf] nflucsf]{ Joj:yf÷cfb]z xf] .

ljkIfL ;x;lrj dfq ePsf ] /sf7df8f} + dxfgu/kflnsfsf] d sfo{sf/Lclws[t ljlzi6 >]0fL, ;lrj lgheGbf dflyNnf]kb ->]0fL_ sf] /x]sf] x'Fbf lghsf] ljefuLok|d'v d x'F . lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf]bkmf $! / $@ pNn+3g ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{P]=P]gsf] bkmf %(-s_-@_, ^) cg'¿k ;fdfGo;hfo lbg P]=P]gsf] bkmf ^@-@_ cg';f/tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 egL pNn]v ePsf]dflghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod!)^-@_ cg';f/ d ljefuLo k|d'v ePsf] x'FbflghnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ug]{ clVtof/ ddfx'Fbf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;lrjsf] ;f]clwsf/ x'Fb}g .

ljkIfLnfO{ oy]i6 :ki6Ls/0fsf] df}sflbFbf klg af/Daf/ kq ga'‰g], ckzAb af]Ng],cfkm"eGbf dflysf / tnsf sd{rf/Lk|ltb'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ u/]sf]n] ldlt @)^&.^.!* ut]b}lgs uf]/vfkqdf ;kmfO -:ki6Ls/0f_ sf] ;"rgfhf/L ug'{ k¥of] . ljkIfLnfO{ ;hfo ul/Psf]dflghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf ̂ ( cg';f/ k|zf;sLocbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg] :ki6 sfg"gL Joj:yf5 . a}slNks sfg"gL Joj:yf 5}g eGg ldNb}g .t;y{ ljkIfLsf] l/6 lgj]bg a}slNks sfg"gJoj:yfsf] sf/0fn] ;d]t vf/]hefuL 5 .

lghfdtL ;]jf P]gsf] bkmf !*-#_ cg';f//fhk+qflÍt k|yd >]0fLnfO{ cjlw tf]sL ;¿jfug'{ kb}{g . P]=P]gsf] bkmf !*-$_-v_ cg';f/ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug'{ k/]df klg lghfdtLsd{rf/LnfO{ ;¿jf ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf pNn]v5 . P]=P]gsf] bkmf !*-!@_ cg';f/ ;fdfGok|zf;g dGqfnon] u/]sf] ;¿jf eP g]kfn;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\n] /2 ug{ ;Sg] 5 .

ctM ljkIfLsf] l/6 lgjbgdf dfuul/Psf] ljefuLo ;hfo / ;¿jfsf] a}slNkspkrf/sf] Joj:yf /x]sf], ljkIfLn] af/Daf/ kqa'‰g gdfgL :ki6Ls/0f ga'em]sf] s'/f n'sfO{;kmf xft gcfPsf], cbfntnfO{ 9fF6]sf], ljefuLo;hfo ug{] kbflwsf/Ln] g} :ki6Ls/0f dfuu/]sf] tyf ;hfo ;d]t u/]sf] / ;¿jf klgsfg"gadf]lhd g} ePsf] x'Fbf ljkIfLsf] l/6lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpmF eGg] ljkIfL cfgGb/fhkf ]v/ ]n, sfo {sf/L clws[t, sf7df8f } +dxfgu/kflnsfsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

l /6 lgj ] bsnfO { s f7df8 f } Fdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cf=a= @)^&.)^* sf] ah]6th{'df ;d]tsf sfd ug{ u/fpg clVtof/Lk | b fg u l /Psf ] , lghsf ] s fo {sI fdxfgu/kflnsfsf] afub/af/ l:yt ejgleqg} Joj:yf ePsf ]df /fli6 «o ;efu[xdf;dfgfGt/ sfof{no vf]nL a;]sf] tyf ;'lDkPsf]sfd gu/L lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf]bkmf $! adf]lhd ;do kfngf / lgoldttfpNn+3g ug'{sf ;fy} P]=bkmf $@ adf]lhdcg'zf;g / cf1fkfng gu/]sf] Pjd\ lghfdtL;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $^ adf]lhd ;/sf/Lsfdsfh;DaGwL ;dfrf/ clVtof/ gkfO{ k|rf/k|;f/ ug{ gldNg]df cf=a= @)^&.)^* sf]jflif {s ah]6 ldlt @)^&.$.#! df gu/


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kl/ifb\sf] a}7sn] :jLs[t u/]sf]df kqsf/;Dd]ng u/L To;sf] lj/f]w u/]sf] s;"/ ;d]tdfldlt @)^&.%.! sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ kq k|fKtePsf] tLg lbgleq :ki6Ls/0f k]z ug{ kqn]lvPsf] cj:yf xf] . ldlt @)^&.%.! sflbg sfo{sf/L clws[t -cfgGb/fh kf]v/]n_s} sfo{sIfdf kq a'lemlnO{ kq vf]nL k9Lekf{Odf ;5L5fk gu/L ekf{O ;d]t RoftLsfo{sf/L clws[tsf] 6]an / cg'xf/df kg]{u/L kmfn]/ cfqmf]lzt d'b|fdf aflx/ uPsf]egL v=6+sk|;fb a/fnsf] ldlt @)^&.%.@sf] k|ltj]bg / @@ hgfåf/f x:tfIfl/t k[i7$-rf/_ sf] 36gf:yn k|s[lt d'r'Nsf k]zePsf] cfwf/df lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf %( sf] v08-s_ sf] -@_ adf]lhdsf];hfo lsg gug] { egL ldlt @)^&.%.^:ki6Ls/0f dfu ug] { lg0f {o ePcg';f/:ki6Ls/0f k]z ug{ kq n]vL l/6 lgj]bssf]3/, 7]ufgf nlntk'/ lhNnf, ;'gfsf ]7Luf=lj=;=j8f g+= ( df a'emfpg k7fpFbf e]6gePsf] eGg' egL kq a'‰g OGsf/ u/]sf]k|ltj]bg k|fKt x'g cfPsf] x'Fbf ldlt @)^&.%.!)sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf ^) sf] v08-3_,-ª_ / -r_ sf]s;"/df P]=P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08 -s_ sf]b]xfo -@_ adf]lhd b'O{ tna a[l4 /f]Ssf lsggug]{ egL :ki6Ls/0f dfu ul/Psf] kq klg3/ 7]ufgfdf g} a'emfpg k7fpFbf kq ga'emL3/df gePsf] egL lbg' eGg] Joxf]/fsf] k|ltj]bgk|fKt ePsf]n] ldlt @)^&.^.!* sf] uf]/vfkqdf;a} Joxf]/f vf]nL lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf ^) sf] v08 -3_,-ª_ / -r_ sf]s;"/df P]=P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08-s_ sf]b]xfo -@_ adf]lhd b'O{ tna a[l4 /f]Ssf lsg

gug] { egL ;kmfO k]z ug] { df}sf k|bfgul/Psf]df lgj]bsn] ldlt @)^&.^.!) df:ki6Ls/0f k]z u/]sf] . t/, k]z ePsf]:ki6Ls/0f ;Gtf]ifhgs gePsf]n] lghfdtL;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf ^* adf]lhdnf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{sf nflu n]vL uPsf]/ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] ldlt @)^&.@.@* sf]kqfg';f/ k|:tfljt ljefuLo ;hfo ug{sfnflu ;xdlt k|fKt ePsf]n] ldlt @)^&.(.@!sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf ^) sf] v08 -3_,-ª_ / -r_ sf]s;"/df P]=P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08 -s_ sf]b]xfo -@_ adf]lhd b'O{ tna a[l4 /f]Ssf ul/Psf]xf] . ljefuLo ;hfo ug]{ lg0f{o sfof{GjogeO{ ;s]sf]n] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf ;fy} P]=sf ;lrjs[i0f 1jfnLsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg ;lxtsf]ldl;n cWoog u/L lgj]bssf tkm{af6 ljåfgjl/i7 clwjQmf xl/x/ bfxfn / clwjQmfx¿sfzLk|;fb l3ld/] Pj+ cdLtf bLlIftn] lgj]bsg]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fL:t/sf];x;lrj kbdf sfo{/t\ sd{rf/L ePsf] /lghnfO{ sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfo{sf/Lclws[tn] ug]{ cfly{s k|zf;lgsnufotsf;Dk"0f { sfo{ ug' { eGg] dGqL:t/Lo ldlt@)^^÷(÷@* sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ cfk"mn] ;f]lhDd]jf/L k"/f ub}{ cfPsf]df ljkIfL cfgGb/fhkf]v/]n ToxfF ;¿jf eO{ cfP klg lghnfO{;f] sfo{ ug]{ s'g} clVtof/L lbOPsf] lyPg .t/, lghn] cfk"mv';L sfo{sf/L clws[tsf]sfo{ u/]sf] / lgj]bsn] ;f] ug{ /f]Sbf k"jf{u|xLlsl;dn] lgj]bsnfO{ ;'gjfO{sf] df}sf ;d]t

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k|bfg gu/L hj/\h:tL lghfdtL ;]jf P]g,@)$( sf] bkmf %( -s_-@_ adf]lhd ljefuLo;hfo ug{ uf]/vfkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt ug]{ /cGoq ;¿jf ug]{ u/L ljkIfLx¿af6 ePsf]sfd sf/jfxL u}/sfg"gL ePsf] / To;af6lgj]bssf] df}lns xsdf cf3ft kg'{sf ;fy}j [ lQ ljsf;df ;d]t c;/ k/ ]sf ] x ' FbfljkIfLx¿sf pQm sfo{x¿ pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zåf/fab/ ul/kfpFm egL ax; ug'{eof] .

To;} u/L ljkIfLx¿sf tkm{af6 ljåfg;xGofoflwjQmf ljgf]b kf]v/]nn] lgj]bsnfO{csf]{ Joj:yf geP;Ddsf nflu sf7df8f}+dxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfo{sf/L clws[tn] ug]{ sfo{ug{ clwsf/ lbPsf], t/ ;f] sfof{nodf ljlzi6>]0fLsf] clws[t cfgGb/fh kf]v/]n ;¿jf e}cfPkl5 sfo{sf/L clws[tn] ug{ kfpg] ;Dk"0f{sfo{ lgh ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] clws[tn] g} ug{kfpg]df ljjfb 5}g . lgj]bsn] cfˆgf] kbLocfr/0f gu/]sf] x'Fbf lghnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfoul/Psf] / To;df lrQ ga'em] k|zf;sLocbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg] j}slNkspkrf/sf] dfu{ /x]sf] x'Fbf l/6 If]qdf k|j]z ug{ldNb}g . lgj]bssf] ;¿jf lghfdtL ;]jf P]gPj+ lgodfjnLcg';f/ g} ePsf] x'Fbf lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g ;Sg] cj:yf5}g . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm egLax; ug'{eof] .

d f ly plNnlvt ljåfg sfg "gJoj;foLx¿n] ug'{ePsf] ax; ;d]t ;'gLlgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g' kg]{xf], xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg' kg]{ b]lvgcfof] .

lgj]bsn] cfk"m g]kfn ;/sf/ lghfdtL;]jfcGtu{t k|zf;g ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst k|yd

>]0f L ;x;lrj kbdf :yfgLo ljsf;dGqfnocGtu{sf] sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfdfsfo{/t\ /x]sf] / ldlt @)^^÷(÷@* sf]dGqL:t/Lo lg0 f {oadf ] lhd sf7df8f } +dxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfo{sf/L clws[tn] ug]{;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] lyPF . :yfgLo ljsf;dGqfnoaf6 @)^& h]i7df ljkIfL cfgGb/fhkf]v/]nnfO{ sf7df8f} + dxfgu/kflnsfsf]sfo{sf/L clws[tdf lgo'lQm u/]sf] eP klglghnfO{ gu/ k|d'v / gu/ kl/ifb\n] k|of]u ug]{clwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyPg t/ lghn]cfk"mv'zL sfo{sf/L clws[tn] ug]{ clwsf/ k|of]uu/]sf]n] ldlt @)^&÷$÷#! sf] gu/ kl/ifb\sf]a}7sdf lgj]bsn] c;xdlt hgfPsf] sf/0fdk|lt k"jf{u|xL eO{ dnfO{ ;'gjfO{sf] df}sf ;d]tk|bfg gu/L lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf]bkmf %(-s_-@_, ^) sf] -3_,-ª_,-r_ adf]lhd;hfosf] k|:tfj u/L uf]/vfkqdf ;"rgfk |sf lzt ug ] { / dnfO { sf7df8f } +dxfgu/kflnsfaf6 nf]s;]jf cfof]udf ;¿jfug]{ k|:tfj ;d]t u/]sf] eGg] ;'Ggdf cfPsf]n]ljkIfLx¿af6 dpk/ ePsf ] ;hfo Pj+tt\;DaGwL ;Dk"0f { lg0f {ox¿ pTk] |if0fsf]cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L lgj]bsnfO{ ;fljs kbdfoyfjt axfn /fVg' eGg] k/dfb]z ;d]tljkIfLx¿sf gfddf hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] d'Volgj]bg dfu bfjL b]lvG5 . lgj]bsnfO{ csf]{cfb]z jf Joj:yf geP;Ddsf nflu cfly{s,k|zf;lgsnufotsf sfo{sf/L clws[tn] k|of]uug{ kfpg] u/L clwsf/ lbPsf], t/ :yfgLoljsf; dGqfnon] sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfdf/fhkqf + lst ljlzi6 >]0fLsf cfgGb/fhkf]v/]nnfO{ lgo'Qm u/L k7fPkl5 sfo{sf/Lclwsf/ lgj]bsn] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] b]lvFb}g .


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lgj]bsn] lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] kfng ug'{kg]{cfr/0f kfngf gu/]sf] / :ki6Ls/0f ;f]w]sf]kq a'emfpFbf kq k9]/ sfof{no k|d'vsf] d'vdfRoftL kmfn]sf ] / lghsf] 3/ 7]ufgfdf:ki6Ls/0fsf] kq k7fpFbf klg a'‰g gdfg]sf]x'Fbf uf]/vfkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] xf] .lgj]bsn] k]z u/]sf] :ki6Ls/0f lrQ ga'‰bf]ePsf] x'Fbf lghnfO{ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf %(-s_-@_ / bkmf ^) sf] -3_,-ª_,-r_adf]lhd ljefuLo ;hfo ug]{ ul/Psf] k|:tfjsfg"gadf]lhd g} ePsf] / lghsf] ;¿jf ;d]tlghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !* cg';f/g} ePsf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]lnlvt hjfkm b]lvG5 .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bsn]cfk"mnfO{ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf]bkmf %(-s_-@_ / bkmf ^) sf] -3_,-ª_,-r_adf]lhd ;hfosf] k|:tfj ug]{ / sf7df8f} +dxfgu/kflnsfaf6 nf]s;]jf cfof]udf ;¿jfug]{ ljkIfLx¿sf] k|:tfj ;d]t u}/sfg"gLx'Fbf pk/f]Qm ;hfo tyf ;¿jfsf] k|:tfjtyf tt\;DaGwL lg0f{ox¿ pTk]|if0fåf/f ab/u/L lgj]bsnfO{ ;fljs kbdf oyfjt axfn/fVg k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm egL lgj]bgdfbfjL lnPsf] kfOG5 . lgj]bsnfO{ sf7df8f} +dxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfof{noåf/f lghfdtL;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $! cg';f/sf];dokfng / lgoldttf tyf bkmf $@cg';f/sf] cg'zf;g / cf1fkfng;DaGwLcfˆgf] ;]jf / kbcg';f/sf] cfr/0f kfngfgu/]sf] eGg] cfwf/df ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf ^)sf] -3_,-ª_,-r_ cg';f/sf] bfloTj k"/f gu/]sf]b]lvFbf P]gsf] bkmf %(-s_-@_ sf] ;hfo lsggug]{ egL uf]/vfkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L

:ki6Ls/0f dfu u/]sf] b]lvG5 . lgj]bsn]cfk"mnfO{ b'/fu|x /fvL :ki6Ls/0f;DaGwL kqga'emfO{ uf]/vfkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/]sf]eg] klg ;f]xL ;"rgfdf :ki6Ls/0f;DaGwLkq a'emfpg hfg] sd{rf/L;F6 e]6 eP/ klgkq ga'em]sf] eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]v 5 . o;/Llgj]bsnfO{ ;f]lwPsf] :ki6Ls/0fdf tf]lsPsf]Dofbleq } lgj ]bsn ] dxfgu/kf lnsfdf:ki6Ls/0f a'emfPsf] tYo lgj]bsn] cfˆgf]lgj]bgdf g} :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yf 5, t/lgj]bsn] k]z u/]sf] :ki6Ls/0f lrQa'‰bf]gePsf] eGg] cfwf/df lghnfO{ lghfdtL;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf ^) sf] -3_,-ª_ /-r_ cg';f/sf] kbLo bfloTj lgjf{x gug'{ePsf]n] ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] v08 -s_sf] b]xfo -@_ adf]lhd b'O{ tnj j[l4 /f]Ssful/Psf] egL g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ sf]ldlt @)^&÷(÷@! sf] lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvG5 .lgj]bsnfO{ ;hfo ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] pQmlg0f{o pk/ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf]bkmf ^( cg';f/ k|zf;sLo cbfntdfk'g/fj]bg nfUg ;Sg] j}slNks pkrf/sf]dfu{ sfg"gn] u/]sf] / ;f]xLcg';f/ k|zf;sLocbfntdf lgj ]bsn ] k 'g/fj ]bg ;d ]tul/;s]sf] egL ax;sf l;nl;nfdf lghsftkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLn]eGg'ePsf]n] o; ljjfbsf] lg¿k0f ;DalGwtlgsfoaf6 x'g] g} x'G5 . t;y{ oL lgj]bsnfO{lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf %(-s_-@_ cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ af6ePsf] ljefuLo ;hfosf ;DaGwdf o;cbfntn] cfˆgf] c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q k|of]uu/L k|:t't l/6sf] dfWodåf/f ljjfbsf]lg¿k0f ug{ gldNg] x'Fbf pQm ljefuLo ;hfo

16771677167716771677


pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg]lgj]bssf] dfu bfjL k'Ug ;Sg] b]lvPg .

# = lgj ] bsnfO { s f7df8 f } +dxfgu/kflnsfaf6 nf]s;]jf cfof]udf ;¿jfug]{ ljkIfLx¿sf] k|:tfj ab/ ul/kfpFm egLlgj]bsn] lgj]bgdf bfjL lnPsf] eP klglgj]bs g]kfn ;/sf/ lghfdtL ;]jfcGtu{tsf]k|zf;g ;d"xsf] k|yd >]0fL ;x;lrj kbdfaxfn /x]sf sd{rf/L ePsf]n] lghfdtL ;]jfP ]g , @)$( sf ] bkm f !*-#_ cg ';f//fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ cjlwtf]sL ;¿jf ug'{kg]{ afWofTds sfg"gL Joj:yfb]lvFb}g . s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] s'g}cd's sfof{nodf dfq /xL ;]jf ug{ kfpg'k5{egL bfjL ug{ klg ldNg] b]lvFb}g . lghfdtLsd {rf/ LnfO { c lVtof/jfnfn ] lghsf ];]jf;DaGwL P]g, lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL;¿jf ug{ ;Sg] g} b]lvG5 . oL lgj]bsnfO{lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !*,lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod#^ tyf g]kfn ;/sf/ -sfo{ ;Dkfbg_lgodfjnL, @)^$ cg';f/sf] sfg"gL k|lqmofk'¥ofP/ ;¿jf ul/Psf] eGg] ljkIfLx¿sf]ln lvt hjfk m b ] lv G5 . t L P ]g ÷lgodfjnLljk/Lt ;¿jf ul/Psf] eGg] lgj]bgbfjL klg gePsf] cj:yfdf Pp6f s'g}sfof{nodf axfn /xL ;w}F sfo{/t\ /xg kfpFmeGg] lgj]bg bfjL sfg"gcg's"n gx'g'sf ;fy}cf}lrTo Pj+ ts{k"0f{ klg b]lvFb}g . lghfdtL;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf-!@_ df o; bkmf ljk/Lt ;¿jf ug] {kbflwsf/LnfO{ clVtof/jfnfn] ljefuLosf/jfxL ug{ ;Sg] / To:tf] ;¿jf ;fdfGok|zf;g dGqfnon] /2 ug{ ;Sg] / ;fdfGo

k|zf;g dGqfnon] u/]sf] ;¿jf eP g]kfn;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\n] /2 ug{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 .;f]cg';f/ cfˆgf] ;¿jfdf lrQ ga'em]sf] ePoL lgj]bsn] ;DalGwt lgsfodf ph"/ ug{;Sg]g} b]lvG5 . To;/L ph"/L u/]sf] jf To:tf]ph"/L ug]{ pkrf/sf] dfu{ lgj]bsn] cjnDagu/]sf] kfOb}g . csf]{tkm{ oL lgj]bssf] xfn;¿jf ;d]t eO;s]sf] egL lgj]bssf sfg"gJoj;foLn] ax;sf] qmddf pNn]v ug'{ePsf]/ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ sfg"gsf]k|lqmof k'¥ofO{ pxL juL{s[t If]qsf] Pssfof{noaf6 csf]{ sfof{nodf ;¿jf ub{}dflghsf] ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL xs xgg\ x'ghfg] eGg klg ldNb}g .

$= ctM lgj]bsnfO{ ul/Psf] ljefuLo;hfosf] af/]df ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 lg/f]k0fx 'g ;Sg ] g } b ] lvPsf ] / sf7df8f } +dxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfof{noaf6 lgj]bssf] xfncGoq ;¿jf ;d]t e} ;s]sf] kl/k|]Iodf lgj]bgbfjL cf } lrToxLg b]lvPsf ]n ] lgj]bssf ]dfuadf]lhdsf cfb]z hf/L ul//xg kg] {b]lvPg . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ .bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ld;Ln lgodfg';f/a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfx

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn d+l;/ !@ ut] /f]h # z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM– k'ik/fh yklnof

&&&&&


16781678167816781678

lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(!&*(!&*(!&*(!&*(!&

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfxdfggLo GofofwLz >L sdngf/fo0f bf;

@)^$–CI–!)@#km};nf ldltM @)^(.%.@%.@

d'2f M lgif]wf1f .

k'g/fjb]s ljkIfLM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt af/fsf]tkm{af6 clVtof/k|fKt P]=sf :yfgLoljsf; clwsf/L e/taxfb'/ 9'Ëfgf

lj¿4k|ToyL{ lgj]bsM lhNnf jf/f cdn]vu~h

uf=lj=;=j8f g+= & l:yt hob'uf{ s+lqm6pBf]u ;d]t

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug]{Mdf=Gof=>L gGb/fh clwsf/Ldf=Gof=>L uf}/Laxfb'/ sfsL{

§ d"n P]gdf g} lng kfpg] egL pNn]vgePsf] s/ cg';"rLdf pNn]v x'Fb}df;f]cg';f/ l;kmfl/z b:t"/ c;"npk/ug{ kfpg] eGg sfg"gt gldNg] .

§ P]gdf g} s/ b:t"/ cflb lng kfpg]egL Joj:yf gePsf] ljifoj:t' /s'/fnfO{ lgoddf b/ pNn]v u/]sf] dfqcfwf/df ;f] s/ b:t"/ c;"n ug{gldNg] .

§ P]gsf] Joj:yfnfO{ lgod / ;f]sf]cg';"rLdf pNn]v u/L ;d]6\g ;S5 .

t/ lgodfjnLcGtu{tsf] cg';"rLdfplNnlvt ljj/0f tyf Joj:yfn] P]gsf]Joj:yfnfO{ k|lt:yfkg ug{ g;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=@_§ lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rLdf l;kmfl/z

b:t"/sf] b/ tf]Sb}df ;f] b:t"/ jf s/p7fpg] clwsf/ :jtM k|fKt ePsf] dfGggldNg] .

§ ;/sf/n] P]g sfof{Gjog ug{ agfPsf]pkljwfogsf] clwsf/cGtu{t s/nufpg kfpg] cyjf P]gn] clVtof/LglbPsf] s/sf] b/ cg';"rLdf pNn]vu/]s} sf/0faf6 ;f] s/ b:t"/ cflbp7fpg] clVtof/L k|fKt ePsf] dfGggldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=#_§ /fHo jf s'g} cGo lgsfosf] tkm{af6

lnOg] s/ sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s nufpg/ p7fpg g;lsg] sfg"gL Joj:yfaf6:yfgLo txdf lng] / p7fpg] l;kmfl/zb:t"/ ;d]t sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s lngp7fpg g;lsg] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_

k'g/fj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf s]bf/k|;fbbfxfn

k|ToyL{ lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfljZjDe/s[i0f k/fh'nL

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% sf]

bkmf @!%, @!^, @!&, @!*§ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL,

@)%^ sf] lgod @)&, @)*, @)(

16791679167916791679

*(!& –*(!& –*(!& –*(!& –*(!& – lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt jf/f lj=hob'uf{ slqm6 pBf]u ;d]t

km};nfGof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfxM Gofo k|zf;g

P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf (-!_ cg';f/ o; cbfntsf]If]qflwsf/leq kg{ cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKtJoxf]/f Pj+ 7x/ o; k|sf/ 5M–

xfdL lgj]bsx¿ k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdbtf{ eO{ /f]8f, 9'Ëf kmf]g]{ sf6\g] d]lzg /fvL/f]8f pTkfbg u/L ljb]z ef/tdf ;d]t lgsf;Lug] { Joj;fo u/L cfPsf 5f} + . ljkIfLn]cdfgtaf6 } ljb ]z lgsf;L b:t"/ egL?=!,))).– / lgsf;L s/ ?=!.&% k};f k|ltSo"kmL6sf] sl/j ?=!%)).@))). ;+nUg/l;bx¿ lnO{ 5f]8]kl5 bf]xf]/f] b:t"/ s/ gltg]{egL ljjfb e} cab]lv xfd|f] ;fdfg g5f]8\g]ePaf6 ljkIfLn] cab]lv b'j} -lgsf;L s/ /ljb]z lgsf;L s/ _ glnO{ ;fdfg 5f8\lbgegL eg]sf] / ;fdfg g5f8\g] k|jn cfz+sfePsf]n] Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf*-@_ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$*sf] lgod ##, gful/s clwsf/ P]g, @)!@adf]lhd k|fKt clwsf/df cf3ft kg]{ k|jncfz+sf ePsf]n] jg sfof{non] ef/t lgsf;Lug{ lbPsf] Ohfhtsf] ;fdfgx¿ ljb]z lgsf;Ls/ b:t"/ egL s'g} klg /sd glng' egLljkIfLsf gfddf lgif]wf1f hf/L ul/kfpFm .;fy} xfdL lgj]bssf] Joj;fo b}lgs lgsf;Lx'g] / lgj]bgsf] 6'+uf] nfUg w]/} ;do nfUg]x' Fbf ljkIfLn] pQm b'j} s/ glnO{ ;fdfgg5f]8\g] k|jn cfz+sf ePsf]n] lgj]bssf] /sdlnO{ jf ;fdfg /f]sL lbO{ ck"/0fLo Iflt x'ghfg] ePsf]n] ljkIfLsf] gfddf of] lgj]bgsf]lsgf/f gnfu];Dd ljb]z lgsf;L s/ / b:t"/glng' egL k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lgodfjnL,

@)$* sf] lgod ##-s_ adf]lhd cGtl/dcfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]lgj]bg bfjL .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfu adf]lhdsf] lgif]wf1fsf] cfb]z lsg hf/Lx'g' gkg]{ xf] < hf/L x'g' gkg]{ sf/0f / k|df0feP ;f] ;d]t ;fy} /fvL Dofb ;"rgf tfd]nePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s !%-k|Gw_lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ xf]nf egLljkIfLx¿sf] gfpFdf of] cfb]z / lgj]bgsf]k|ltlnkL ;fy} /fvL Dofb ;"rgf hf/L u/Llnlvt hjfkm k/] jf ;f] kg]{ cjlw JotLt ePkl5 lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] cfb]z .

ldlt @)^$.$.#) ut] af/f lhNnfaf6k;f{ lhNnfdf hfg] lu§Lsf] b:t"/ c;dfgePsf] ;DaGwdf ljkIfLn] k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6o; ljifodf ePsf] lg=b=g+= ̂ * sf] lgj]bgdf:ki6 ¿kdf nut;Dd /fvL /fVg] / xfnljb]z lgsf;L s/ b:t"/ pQm cjlw;DdnfO{glng' lng gnufpg' egL cfb]z ePsf]df ;f]cfb]znfO{ ldlt @)^$.$.!& df oyfjt /fvLlbPsf]nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL lgj]bsx¿ ;d]tnfO{ljb]z lgsf;L s/ b:t"/ glnO{ nut /fvL5f8g' kg]{df xfd|f] df]6/, ;fdfg /f]Sg] /lg=b=g+= ^* sf] lgj]bsx¿nfO{ s/ b:t"/glnO{ 5f]8\g] u/]af6 u|fxs / v/Lbstf{n]xfd|f] ;fdfg ;jf/L ;fwg /f]Sg lglDt ljkIfLlhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ eg]af6 klg ;a};fdfg ;jf/L ;fwg af6f]df cnkq k/L /x]sf]x'Fbf tL ;fdfg ljb]z nfg gkfpg] cfz+sf5 . b}lgs nfvf}+ ;fdfgsf] Joj;fo /f]lsPsf]x'Fbf gful/s clwsf/ P]g, @)!@ n] lbPsf]clwsf/df cf3ft k'Ug] k|jn ;Defjgf ePsfn]


16801680168016801680

lg=b=g+= ̂ * df ePsf] cfb]z ldlt @)^$.%.%;Dd xfdLx¿sf] xsdf ;d]t nfu" x'g] u/LljkIfLsf] gfddf ljb]z lgsf;L b:t"/ glng'egL cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u/L lg=b=g++ &$ dfpNn]v ePadf]lhd lgif]wf1f ;f]xL lgj]bgaf6hf/L u/L pQm lg=b=g+= &$ sf] lgj]bgsf]k|:t't lgj]bg k"/s ¿kdf dflgkfpFm eGg];d]t lgj]bsx¿sf] k'/s lgj]bg .

:yfgLo :JffoQ zf;g P]gsf] bkmf@!& sf] -u_ df / P]=lgodfjnLsf] lgod@)( df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ljleGgljifodf l;kmfl/z u/]afkt b:t"/ lng ;lsg]Joj:yf ub}{ P]=lgodfjnLsf] lgod @% n]l;kmfl/z b:t"/df ljb]z lgsf;Lsf] nflu lu§L/ afn'jfdf k|ltl6«k ?=!,))).–lng ;lsg]Joj:yf u/]sfn] ;f] adf]lhd dfq pQm s/lnOPsf] xf] . ;f] b:t"/nfO{ bf]xf]/f] s/sf];+1f lbg ldNg] xf]Og . ;fy} lhNnf jgsfof{nosf] 5f]8 k"hL{ lnOPs} cfwf/ /pTklQsf] k|df0fkq lnPsf pBf]ux¿;Fu s'g}lsl;dsf] :yfgLo s/ z'Ns cflb lng gkfOg]egL slx st} pNn]v 5}g . lhNnf ljsf;;ldlt af/fsf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/Laf6ljkIfL lgj]bsx¿sf] s'g} gful/s clwsf/sf]xgg\ ul/Psf] 5}g . lhNnf kl/ifb\ / /fhZjk/fdz{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] cfwf/df dfq:yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/Ln] pQm l;kmfl/zb:t"/ lng] lg0f{o ul/Psf]n] lnOPsf] xf] .lgj]bsx¿sf] lglj{jfb xs xgg\ x'g] k|jncfz+sf ePdf dfq lgif]wf1fsf] cfb]z hf/Lx'g] xf] . ljb]z lgsf;Lafktsf] l;kmfl/z b:t"/lng kfOg] Joj:yf lglj{jfb ePsf] x'Fbf lhNnfljsf; ;ldlt af/fsf ] :yfgLo ljsf;clwsf/lsf] x}l;otn] ;+:yfut lg0f{osf

cfwf/df sfg"gadf]lhd g} sfo{ u/L cfO/x]sf]cj:yfdf lgif]wf1fsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g' kg]{cj:yf gx'Fbf ljkIfLx¿sf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lhNnf ljsf;;ldlt af/fsf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/Lsf]lnlvt hjfkm .

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gsf] bkmf @!&sf] -u_ df / P]=lgodfjnLsf] lgod @)( dflhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ljleGg ljifodfl;kmfl/z u/]afkt b:t"/ lng ;lsg] Joj:yfub}{ P]=lgodfjnLsf] lgod @% n] l;kmfl/zb:t"/df ljb]z lgsf;Lsf] nflu lu§L / afn'jfdfk|ltl6«k ?=!,))).–lng ;lsg] Joj:yf u/]sfn];f] adf]lhd dfq pQm s/ lnOPsf] xf] . ;f]b:t"/nfO{ bf]xf]/f] s/sf] ;+1f lbg ldNg] xf]Og .;fy} lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] 5f]8 k"hL{ lnOPs}cfwf/ / pTklQsf ] k |d f0 fkq lnPsfpBf]ux¿;Fu s'g} lsl;dsf] :yfgLo s/ z'Nscflb lng gkfOg] egL sxLFst} pNn]v 5}g .lhNnf kl/ifb\ / /fhZj k/fdz{ ;ldltsf]lg0f {osf] cfwf/df dfq :yfgLo ljsf;clwsf/Ln] pQm l;kmfl/z b:t"/ lng] lg0f{oul/Psf]n] lnOPsf] xf] . t;y{ gful/s clwsf/P]g, @)!@ / k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lgodfjnL,@)$* sf] lgod ## ljk/Lt lgj]bg bfo/ePsf] / ljb]z lgsf;Lafktsf] l;kmfl/zb:t"/ lng kfOg] g} ePsf] x'Fbf lhNnf ljsf;;ldlt af/fn] sfg"gadf]lhd sfo{ u/L /x]sf]cj:yfdf lgif]wf1fsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g' kg]{cj:yf gx'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf/fsf] tkm{af6 clVtof/k|fKt P]=sf :yfgLoljsf; clwsf/L e/taxfb'/ 9'Ëfgfsf] lnlvthjfkm .

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o;df cGtl/d cfb]zsf] dfu tkm{ljrf/ ubf{ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%%/ P]= sf] lgodfjnL, @)%^ tyf jg P]g,@)$( / P]=sf] lgodfjnL, @)%! df ePsf]sfg"gL k|fjwfg ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ of]lgj]bgsf] 6'+uf] gnfu];Ddsf] nflu ljkIfL lhNnfljsf; ;ldlt af/fn] lgj]bs tkm{af6 lng]u/]sf] ljb]z lgsf;L x'g] lu§Lsf] nut ;Ddsfod g} /fvL xfn ljb]z lgsf;L l;kmfl/zb:t"/ glng', lng gnufpg' egL cGtl/d cfb]zhf/L u/L lbPsf] 5 . ljkIfLnfO{ hgfp lbg"eGg] ;d]t ldlt @)^$.%.@# sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] cGtl/d cfb]z .

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% /P]=sf] lgodfjnL, @)%^ df ljb]z lgsf;L x'g]9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf l;kmfl/z b:t"/ afkt?=!,))).–;Dd lng ;lsg] sfg"gL Joj:yfePcg'¿k pQm b:t"/ lnOPsf]df k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 ePsf] cfb]zdf ;f] P]g ;DaGwdfs'g} JofVof ePsf] 5}g . s] slt sf/0f /cfwf/n] l;kmfl/z b:t"/ lng gkfOg] xf] . ;f]af/]df ljj]rgf ug'{kg]{ / cfwf/ sf/0f vf]Ng'kg]{ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$* sf]lgod ##-v_ n] Joj:yf u/]sf]df pQm ldltsf]cfb]zdf v'Ng g;s]sf]af6 pQm cfb]z sfg"gLJoj:yf / l;4fGtljk/Lt eO{ ab/efuL x'Fbfab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lhNnfljsf; ;ldlt af/fsf lgldQ :yfgLo ljsf;clwsf/Lsf] lgj]bg .

lgj ]bs ljkIfL :yfgLo ljsf;clwsf/Ln] ldlt @)^$.%.@! df cfkm" / lhNnfljsf; ;ldlt af/fsf] tkm{af6 lnlvt hjfkmk]z ubf{ /d]zs'df/ ofbjnfO{ jf/]; d's//u/]sf] / lghn] cGtl/d cfb]zsf] 5nkmnsf]

k]zL ldlt @)^$.%.@# df x'g] s'/fsf] ;"rgf;f]xL @! ut] lnlvt hjfkm btf{ u/fpFbf g}yfxf kfPsf] tfl/v krf{af6 b]lvPsf]n] ;'g'jfOdf;xefuL x'g oL lgj]bsn] yfxf gePsf] eGg]gb]lvPsf]n] cGtl/d cfb]z /4 ug{ ldn]g .sfg"gadf]lhd ug'{ eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]cfb]z .

k|i6 sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cefjdf cfˆgf]If]q aflx/ ;d]t uO{ 9'Ëf, /f]8f ;d]tsf]ljb]z lgsf;Ldf lgj]bsx¿af6 l;kmfl/zb:t"/ glng', lng gnufpg' egL ljkIfL lhNnfljsf; ;ldlt af/f ;d]tsf gfddf Gofok|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf *-@_ adf]lhdlgif]wf1fsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g] 7x5{ . k"j{ hf/LcGtl/d cfb]zadf]lhd nut /fVg;d]t gkg]{7x5{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntx]6f}+8faf6 ePsf] km};nf .

k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8faf6 k|rlntsfg"g / ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 k|ltkfbg ghL/l;4fGt ;d]tnfO{ a]jf:tf u/L ePsf] km};nfq'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ;f] km};nf ab/ u/L Gofo OG;fkmkfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ .

o;df :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL,@)%^ sf] lgod @)( sf] cg';"rL @% df /f]8f,lu§L, afn'jf cflb vlghhGo j:t' ljb]zlgsf;Ldf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] l;kmfl/zb:t"/ lng ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]af6 cfb]z hf/Lx'g] u/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf]ldlt @)^%.@.! sf] km};nf km/s kg{ ;Sg]b]lv+bf ljkIfL lemsfO{ k]z ug'{ eGg] o;cbfntaf6 ePsf] cfb]z .

lgodfg';f/ d'2f k]zL ;"rLdf r9LOhnf; ;dIf k]z ePsf] k|:t't d'2fdf ldl;n;+nUg sfuhft ;d]t cWoog u/L k'g/fj]bs


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ljkIfL tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmf >L s]bf/k|;fbbfxfnn] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] s/f]8f}+ /fhZjp7fpg ;Sg] cj:yf cj?4 u/L eO{ /x]sf]sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] ckAofVof u/L ePsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ 5 . To;}n]To:tf] q'l6k"0f{ km};nf pN6L x'g' k5{ eGg] /k|ToyL{ lgj]bsx¿sf] tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmfljZjDe/s[i0f k/fh'nLn] sfg"gdf lgsf;L b:t"/lng kfpg] Joj:yf 5}g . sfg"gd} gePsf]s'/fnfO{ k'g/fj]bs ljkIfLn] hj/\h:tL ¿kdflng ldNg] x'Fb}g . k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ePsf]km};nf sfg"g;+ut g} /x]sf] x'Fbf ;f] km};nf;b/ x'g' k5{ egL k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] ax;;'lgof] .

lgj]bsn] xfdLx¿ sfg"gadf]lhd btf{eO{ /f]8f, 9'Ëf kmf]g]{ sf6\g] d]lzg /fvL /f]8fpTkfbg u/L ljb]z ef/tdf lgsf;L ug]{ sfdub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . ljkIfLn] lgsf;L b:t"/ egL?=!,))).– / lgsf;L s/ ?=!.&% k};f k|ltSo"kmL6sf] sl/j ?=!%,)).– @,))).– ;+nUg/;Lbadf]lhd lnO{ 5f]8]kl5 bf]xf]/f] b:t"/ s/gltg]{ egL ljjfb x'Fbf ljkIfLn] xfd|f] ;fdfglgsf;L s/ / ljb]z lgsf;L s/ glnO{ 5f8\lbgegL eg]sfn] xfdLnfO{ gful/s clwsf/ P]gåf/fk|bQ xfd|f] clwsf/df cf3ft kg]{ k|jn cfz+sfePsf]n] jg sfof{non] ef/t lgsf;L ug{Ohfht lbPsf] ;fdfgx¿df ljb]z lgsf;L s/b:t"/ egL s'g} /sd glng' egL ljkIfLsfgfpFdf lgif]wf1fsf] cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg]lgj]bg bfjL ePsf]df ljkIfL lhNnf ljsf;;ldlt af/f tyf P]=sf :yfgLo ljsf;clwsf/Ln] :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%%sf] bkmf @!%, @!^, @!& / @!* tyf :yfgLo:jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL, @)%^ sf] lgod

@)& / ;f]sf] cg';"rL @#, lgod @)*, @)( /cg';"rL @% df tf]s]adf]lhdsf] b/df k|ltl6«kPs xhf/ l;kmfl/z b:t"/ lnOPsf] xf] . lhNnfkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ pQm b:t"/ lnPsf] /To:tf] b:t"/ lng] clwsf/ /x]sfn] o:tf]b:t"/nfO{ bf]xf]/f] s/sf] ;+1f lbg gldNg] x'Fbflgj]bg bfjLcg';f/ cfb]z hf/L x'g' kg]{ xf]Og .lgj]bg bfjL vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]lnlvt hjfkm ePsf] b]lvof] .

plNnlvt lgj]bg bfjL tyf lnlvthjfkm ePsf] k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg cbfntx]6f}+8faf6 cfb]z hf/L x'g] 7x/L km};nf ePkl5;f]pk/ o; cbfntdf k|:t't k'g/fj]bg kg{cfPsf]n] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8faf6 ePsf]km};nf ldn]sf] 5, 5}g < k'g/fj]bssf] k'g/fj]bglhsL/cg';f/ cfb]z x'g'kg]{ xf], xf]Og < ;f];DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ oL lgj]bsx¿jg sfof{no af/faf6 cg'dtL lnO{ v/Lb u/L/f]8f, 9'Ëfnufotsf] kbfy{ pTkfbg laqmL /ljb]z lgsf;L ug]{ Ohfhtk|fKt kmd{ /x]sf]5 . ljb]z lgsf;L u/]afkt sfg"gcg';f/nfUg] s/ :yfgLo lgsfo lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlttyf uf=lj=;=nfO{ tyf eG;f/ s/ ;d]tlt/L cfPsf] eGg] lgj]bsx¿sf] syg 5 .;f]nfO{ oL k'g/fj]bsn] cGoyf eGg ;s]sf]b]lv+b}g . ;f] afx]s lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf]sfof{no af/fn] ljb]zdf 9'Ëf, /f]8f lgsf;Lubf{ k|ltl6«k ?=!,))).– l;kmfl/z b:t"/ ;d]tnfUg] eGb} sfg"gljk/Lt l;kmfl/z b:t"/ c;"nu/]sfn] o:tf] b:t"/ glng' lng gnufpg'eGg] d'Vo lgj]bg bfjL /x]sf] kfOG5 . ljkIfLk'g/fj]bsaf6 :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%%sf] bkmf @!%, @!^, @!&, @!* tyf :yfgLo

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:jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL, @)%^ sf] lgod@)& cg';"rL @# lgod @)*, @)( / cg';"rL@% adf]lhd tf]s]sf] b/df l;kmfl/z b:t"/lnPsf] xf] . sfg"gadf]lhd l;kmfl/z b:t"/lnOPsf] x'Fbf lgif]wf1fsf] lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] d'Vo lnlvt hjfkm Pj+ k'g/fj]bg lhsL/;d]t /x]sf] kfOof] . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gP]g, @)%% sf] bkmf @!% df lhNnf ljsf;;ldltn] lhNnf ljsf; If]qleq nufpg kfpg]s/, bkmf @!^ df cfˆgf] If]qleq tf]lsPsf]b/df ga9\g] u/L lhNnf kl/ifb\af6 kfl/tb/df ;]jf z'Ns nufpg ;Sg] s'/f tyf bkmf@!& df cfˆgf] If]qleq tf]lsPsf] b/df ga9\g]u/L lhNnf kl/ifb\af6 tf]lsPsf] b/df b:t"/nufpg ;Sg] sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .;f]cg';f/ lhNnf kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t b/dfljleGg ljifox¿ gbLx¿df hn ljxf/ ug]{,8'Ëf tyf t'Og rnfpg] / df5f dfg]{ cg'dlttyf gjLs/0f b:t"/, kfgL 3f6sf] btf{ tyfgj Ls/0 f b:t " / , l;k m f l /z b:t " / ,tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] cGo b:t"/ nufpg kfpg]eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} bkmf @!*df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfˆgf] If]qleqsfgbLgfnfsf] afn'jf lu§L, 9'Ëf, :n]6, df6f],bxQ/, axQ/ cflb tf]lsPadf]lhd laqmLug{;Sg] 5 eGg] Joj:yf u/]sf] klg b]lvG5 .o:t} :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL, @)%^sf] lgod @)& df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn]nufpg ;Sg] s/sf] b/, lgod @)* df ;]jfz'Nssf] b/ tyf lgod @)( df æP]gsf] bkmf@!& adf]lhd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] nufpg;Sg] b:t"/sf] b/ cg';"rL @% df pNn]vePadf]lhd x'g]5Æ eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL, @)%^ sf]

cg';"rL @% sf] qm=;= @ df ljb]z lgsf;Lsfnflu lu§L afn'jfsf] k|ltl6«k ?=!,))).–l;kmfl/z b:t"/ egL pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 .:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% df ePsf]pk/f]Qm sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿ x]bf{ lhNnf ljsf;;ldltn] cfˆgf] If]q leq lhNnf kl/ifb\af6kfl/t b/df s/ nufpg kfpFg], ;]jf z'Ns,b:t"/ lng kfpg], lu§L , afn'jf, 9'Ëf cflblaqmL ug{ kfpg];Ddsf] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .To:t} :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL, @)%^df ePsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ lhNnf ljsf;;ldltn] nufpg ;Sg] s/sf] b/, ;]jf z'Nssf]b/ tyf b:t"/sf] b/;DaGwL Joj:yf u/]sf]kfOG5 . t/ lu§L, afn'jf, 9'Ëf cflb ljb]zlgsf;L ubf{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zcfjZos kg] { / ;f] l;kmfl/z lnPafktl;kmfl/z b:t"/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ltg'{kg]{ egL pQm P]gdf st} Joj:yf ePsf]kfOb}g . sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s s'g} s/ lng /c;"n ug{ gkfOg] egL gful/s clwsf/ P]g,@)!@ sf] bkmf * df sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf]5 . s/ eGgfn] afWofTds ¿kdf s/ ;/xltg'{ kg]{ z'Ns, b:t"/ cflb ;d]tnfO{ hgfpFb5 .:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL, @)%^ sf]lgod @)( cg';f/ æP]gsf] bkmf @!& adf]lhdlhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] nufpg kfpg] b:t"/sf]b/ cg';"rL @% adf]lhd x'g]5Æ eGg] ;DdpNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . b:t"/sf] b/ pNn]vePsf] cfwf/df sfg"gdf ;f] b:t"/ lng kfpg]egL :ki6 Joj:yf geP klg lhNnf ljsf;;ldlt af/fn] lu§L /f]8f ljb]z lgsf;L ubf{k|ltl6«k ?=!,))).– l;kmfl/z b:t"/ egL s/;/x lng] u/]sf] b]lvof] . :yfgLo :jfoQzf;g P]g, tyf lgodfjnLdf ePsf] s/,


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b:t"/ ;DaGwL plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfcWoog ubf{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfˆgf]If]q leq nufpg, p7fpg tyf c;"npk/ug{ ;Sg] eGg] ljwflosf lgld{t sfg"gsf]dg;fo b]lvG5 . s'g} Ps lhNnf ljsf;;ldltsf] If]qaf6 lgsf;L x'g] lu§L, afn'jfcsf]{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] If]q kf/ u/Lljb]z lgsf;L ubf{ To:tf] cfˆgf] If]qflwsf/aflx/ lgsf;L x'g] lu§L, /f]8f, afn'jfdf sltb:t"/ nfUg] xf], s'g b/df s/ nufpg /p7fpg kfpg] xf] ;f] ;DaGwdf klg :yfgLo:jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf :ki6pNn]v ePsf] kfOFb}g . ljBdfg sfg"gLJoj:yfcg';f/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnfkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ cfˆgf] If]qflwsf/ leqdfq s/ b:t"/ nufpg / p7fpg kfpg]Joj:yf ePsf]n] cfˆgf] If]q aflx/ To:tf]b:t"/ p7fpg g;lsg] cj:yf b]lvG5 . :yfgLo:jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf @!& dfplNnlvt ljleGg ljifox¿ dWo] l;kmfl/zb:t"/ lgodfjnLsf ] cg'; "rLdf pNn]vePadf]lhd x'g] eGg] b]lvG5 . d"n P]gdfcfˆgf] If]q aflx/ lgsf;L ubf{ jf ljb]zdflu§L /f]8f lgsf;L ubf{ slt b:t"/ lng], Tof]s/ jf b:t"/sf] ¿kdf p7fpg] of l;kmfl/zb:t"/sf] ¿kdf lng] eGg] Joj:yf slxF b]lvFb}g .:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rL@% df lu§L, afn'jf ljb]z lgsf;Lsf nfluk|ltl6«k l;kmfl/z b:t"/ ?=!,))).– egLpNn]v ePtf klg d"n P]gdf lng kfpg] egLpNn]v gePsf] To:tf] s/ cg';"rLdf pNn]vx'Fb}df ;f] cg';f/ ;f] l;kmfl/z b:t"/ c;"npk/ug{ kfpg] eGg sfg"gt ldNg] x'Fb}g . d"nP]gnfO{ sfof {Gjog ug{ lgod / ;f ]sf ]

cg';"rLsf] Joj:yfn] lgb]{lzt ug{ ;Sb5 .t/ P]gdf g} s/ b:t"/ cflb lng kfpg] egLJoj:yf gePsf] ljifoj:t' / s'/fnfO{ lgoddfb/ pNn]v u/]sf] dfq cfwf/df ;f] s/ b:t"/cflb c;"n ug{ ldNg] x'Fb}g . d"n P]gdfePsf] k|fjwfg cWoog ubf{ lu§L, /f]8f, afn'jfcflb ljb]z lgsf;L ubf{ l;kmfl/z b:t"/nfUg]5 eGg] / To:tf] l;kmfl/z lagf lgsf;Lug{ kfOb}g eGg] klg b]lv+b}g . o;/L sfg"gdfg} :ki6 ¿kdf s/ b:t"/ cflb lng kfpg]Joj:yf gePsf] cj:yfdf ;f] s/ b:t"/ cflbnufpg / c;"n ug { ldNb }g . P ]gsf ]Joj:yfnfO{ lgod / ;f]sf] cg';"rLdf pNn]vu/L ;d]6g ;S5 t/ lgodfjnLcGtu{tsf]cg';"rLdf plNnlvt ljj/0f tyf Joj:yfn]P]gsf] Joj:yfnfO{ k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;Sb}g .To;}n] :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% sf]bkmf @!& tyf P] lgodfjnLsf] lgod @)(df :ki6 Joj:yf gePsf] l;kmfl/z b:t"/lng kfpg];DaGwL ljifo cg';"rLdf b/ pNn]vePs} cfwf/df lu§L /f]8f ljb]z lgsf;L ubf{k|ltl6«k ?=!,))).– l;kmfl/z b:t"/ lng]sfo{ sfg"g;Ddt dfGg ldNb}g .

#= ;f]sf] cnfjf ljb]z lgsf;L ubf{lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 l;kmfl/z lng'kg]{Joj:yf sfg"gdf g} Jojl:yt x'g'kb{5 /To:tf] l;kmfl/z lng jf dfUg cfPdf ;f]l;kmf l/z b:t "/ lng ] s '/f ;fGble {s,cf}lrTok"0f{ Pj+ sfg"g;Ddt x'g ;S5 . k|:t't;Gbe{df /f]8f, lu§L, afn'jf ljb]z lgsf;Lubf { lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zlng'kg]{ egL :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g jfs'g} cGo k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:yf ePsf]kfOb}g . o:tf] k[i7e"lddf lgodfjnLsf]

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cg';"rLdf l;kmfl/z b:t"/sf] b/ tf]Sb}df;f] b:t"/ jf s/ p7fpg] clwsf/ :jtMk|fKt ePsf] dfGg ldNb}g . s/ p7fpg] /lng kfpg ] Joj:yf ug ] { s '/ f ;j {yfljwflosfsf] cwLg x'G5 . ;/sf/n] P]gsfof {Gjog ug{ agfPsf ] pkljwfogsf ]clwsf/cGtu{t s/ nufpg kfpg] cyjfP]gn] clVtof/L glbPsf] s/sf] b/ cg';"rLdfpNn]v u/]s} sf/0faf6 ;f] s/ b:t"/ cflbp7fpg] clVtof/L k|fKt ePsf] dfGg ldNb}g .

$= gful/s clwsf/ P]g, @)!@ sf]bkmf * df sfg"gadf]lhd afx]s s/ nufpggkfOg] egL Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . /fHo jf s'g}cGo lgsfosf] tkm{af6 lnOg] s/ sfg"gadf]lhdafx]s nufpg / p7fpg g;lsg] pQm sfg"gLJoj:yf ePaf6 :yfgLo txdf lng] / p7fpg]l;kmfl/z b:t"/ ;d]t sfg"gadf]lhd afx]slng p7fpg ;lsg] x'Fb}g . /fHosf] ljwflosLcËsf] k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yf lhNnf ljsf;;ldltn] ;+ljwfg / sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP afx]scfkm"v'zL s/ b:t"/ cflb lng ldNg] klgx'Fb}g .

%= :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gsf] bkmf@!& P] lgodfjnLsf] lgod @)( tyf cg';"rL@% df pNn]v ePsf] Joj:yf / ljkIfLk'g/fj]bsn] cfˆgf] lnlvt hjfkmdf lnPsf]lhsL/ Pj+ k'g/fj]bgsf] cfwf/ x]bf{ lhNnfljsf; ;ldlt af/fn] lng] l;kmfl/z b:t"/;f] l;kmfl/z ug'{ k/]afkt c;"n u/]sf] b:t"/geO{ lu§L, /f]8f ljb]z lgsf;L u/]afkt lng]b:t"/ xf] eGg] b]lvG5 . s;}n] l;kmfl/zgdfu]sf] jf ljb]z lgsf;Lsf] nflu l;kmfl/zglbPsf] cj:yfdf klg ;f] afktsf] b:t"/

c;"n ug{ / lng ldNg] sfg"g;Ddt x'g;Sb}g .

^= o;/L lgsf;L b:t"/ lng kfpg]egL sfg"gdf :ki6 Joj:yf gePsf] cj:yfdflhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lgodsf] cg';"rLdfplNnlvt l;kmfl/z b:t"/sf] b/ pNn]v ePsf]cfwf/df ;f] l;kmfl/z b:t"/ lng kfpg]eGg] d"n P]gsf] Joj:yf dfgL /f]8f, lu§Lljb]z lgsf;L ubf{ k|ltl6«k ?=!,))).–l;kmfl/z b:t"/ lnPsf] sfo{ sfg"gcg'¿k/x]sf ] dfGg g;lsbf k'g/fj]bg cbfntx]6f} +8faf6 lu§L, /f]8f ljb]z lgsf;L ubf{lgj]bsx¿af6 l;kmfl/z b:t"/ glng' lnggnufpg' egL lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt af/f;d ]tsf ] g fp Fd f hf/ L ePsf ] c fb ]zsfg"gcg's"n g} /x]sf] b]lv+bf k'g/fj]bsljkIfLsf ] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ Pj+ lghsf]tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfsf] ax;lhsL/ ;d]t;Fu ;xdt x'g ;lsPg .

&= t;y{ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8faf6ldlt @)^%.@.! df ePsf] km};nf dgfl;j b]lv+bf;f] km};nf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ . ljkIfLsf] k'g/fj]bglhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g . bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/Lld;Ln lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=sdngf/fo0f bf;

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn ebf} @% ut] /f]h @ z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM– bof/fd 9sfn

&&&&&


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lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(!**(!**(!**(!**(!*

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7

dfggLo GofofwLz >L e/t/fh pk|]tLk'g/fj]bg gDj/ )^^–CI–)@^#km};nf ldltM @)^(.!.#!.!

d'2f M lgif]wf1f .

k'g/fj]bs lgj]bsM ;'g;/L lhNnf, O6x/Lgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= % l:yt O/sgOG6/g]zgn ln=sf] tk{maf6 P]=sfclwsf/k|fKt sfof{no k|d'v kl/of]hgfk|aGws P;=s]=;fj+t

lj?4k|ToyL{ ljkIfLM ;'g;/L lhNnf, g/l;+x uf=lj=;=,

j8f g+= ! a:g] /fjgLb]jL dxtf] ;d]t

z'? k}m;nf ug]{Mdf=Gof=>L xl/axfb'/ j:g]tdf=Gof=>L hgfb{gjxfb'/ v8\sf

§ s/f/sf cfwf/e"t zt{sf] kl/kfngfsf;DaGwdf s/f/ P]gn] Joj:yf u/]adf]lhdx'g] / s/f/sf ] zt{cg'¿k s/f/kl/kfngfsf] ;fy} s/f/sf] cjlw ;DkGgePkl5 s/f/cg';f/ /fv]sf cfˆgf] ;fdfg;DalGwt kIfn] lkmtf{ nfg gkfpg] eGggldNg] .

§ s/f/ ;dfKt e};s]kl5 s/f/cg';f//flvPsf ;fdfgx¿sf] :jfldTj ;DaGwdf

k|Zg p7]df lgif]wf1fsf] lgj]bgaf6 xs:jfldTjsf]] lg0f{o x'g g;Sg] .

§ s/f/adf]lhd cfkm"n] /fv]sf ;fdfgx¿s/f/ ;dfKt ePkl5 p7fO{ nfg glbPdfjf gf]S;fgL u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] ;fDklQsclwsf/;DaGwL 5'§} ljjfbsf] ljifo aGghfg] / To;df ;fdfGo sfg"gL pkrf/sf]Joj:yf cfslif{t x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=#_

k'g/fj]bs tk{maf6M ljåfg clwjQmf clgns'df/l;Gxf

k|ToyL{ ljkIfL tkm{af6McjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf *&, *&-!_

km};nfGof=sNof0f >]i7M k'g/fj]bg cbfnt

lj/f6gu/sf] ldlt @)^^.#.@(sf] k}m;nfpk/k|ltjfbLsf] tk{maf6 Gofo k|zf;g P]g,@)$*sf] bkmf ( adf]lhd o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bgk/]sf]] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKtdf tYo / 7x/o;k|sf/ 5 M–

lgj]bs O/sg OG6/g]zgn ln=n]ljkIfLdWo]sL /fjgLb]jL dxtf]sf] lhNnf ;'g;/L,g/l;+x uf=lj=;=, j8f g+= @-s_ ls=g+= $$*sf] hUuf ldlt @)^@.#.!& sf lbg tbg';f/)!–)&–@))% df s/f/ e} lnhdf lnPsf]lyof] . ljkIfLn] PstkmL{ ¿kdf s/f/ ;dflKtsf]3f]if0ff ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;f]pk/ k'gM s/f/sfnflu k6s–k6s cg'/f]w ubf{ ;d]t ;DejgePsf]n] lg=g+= ))%^( sf] k'gM s/f/sf] cfb]zhf/L ul/kfpFm egL ;DdfgLt cbfntdf lgj]bg

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*(!* –*(!* –*(!* –*(!* –*(!* – O/sg OG6/g]zgn ln=lj=/fjgLb]jL dxtf] ;d]t

k/L ljrf/fwLg /xsf] lyof] . ljkIfLdWo]sfc/ljGb|k|;fb d]xtfn] s/f/sf] s'g} klg zt{ /sfg"gL ljifoeGbf km/s /xL j;L ;f] hUufsf]sDkfp08leq u} rf}sLbf/ ;d]tnfO{ sAhfdflnO{ ;f] sDkfp08leq /x]sf] dfnj:t' ;fdu|Lx¿n}hfg jf ckrng ug{ sJhf ug]{ k|jn ;DefjgfePsf] x'Fbf tTsfn To:tf] sfo{ gug'{ egLcGtl/d cfb]z;lxtsf] lgif]wf1fsf] cfb]z hf/Lul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lgj]bg dfubfjL .

o;df lgj]bg dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L gx'g' kg]{ eP Dofb tfd]n ePsf ldltn]af6fsf Dofbafx]s !% lbgleq lnlvthjfkmk]z ug'{ egL ljkIfLx¿sf gfddf Dofb hf/Lug' { . ;'ljwf / ;Gt'ngsf ] b [ li6sf ]0fn]lnlvthjfkm k/]kl5 k'glj{rf/ x'g] u/L lgj]bsn]s/f/df lnPsf] hUufdf cjl:yt sDkgLsfgfpFdf /x]sf ;DklQx¿ ;f] 7fpFaf6 gx6fpg'egL ljkIfLsf gfddf cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u/LlbPsf] 5 eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] cfb]z .

s/f/ ug]{ s'g} sfg"gL afWotfsf] ljifodfs]xL pNn]v ug{ g;s]sf] / s/f/sf] bfloTj k"/ful/kfpFm eGg] ljifodf d}n] bfo/ u/]sf] d'2faf6g} k'gM s/f/ hf/L ug{ gldNg] s'/fsf] :ki6 x'g]g} x'Fbf xfn hf/L ePsf] cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L/lx/xg gx'g] u/L lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d ]t Joxf ] / fsf ] ljkIf Lx¿sf ] ; +o 'Qmlnlvthjfkm .

lgj]bs / k|ToyL{aLr ePsf] s/f/sf]cjlw JotLt e};s]sf] cj:yfdf lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{ cj:yf ljBdfggx'Fbf hf/L ePsf] cGtl/d cfb]z;d]t lgliqmox'g] u/L vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/sf] ldlt @)^^.#.@( sf] cfb]z .

k'g/fj]bs sDkgL / g]kfn ;/sf/sf]PlzofnL ljsf; a}+s ;d]tsf] ;xof]udf;~rflnt kl/of]hgf cGtu{t k"j{–klZrd/fhdfu{sf] ;8s ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgfsf]a]naf/L rf]xjf{ ;8ssf] :t/a[l4 ug]{ ;DaGwdfePsf] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|ToyL{sf]ls=g+= $$* sf] hUuf ef8fdf lng] ;Demf}tf! h'nfO{ @))% df ;DkGg eO{ bf];|f] ;Demf}tf)!.)&.@))& df ePsf ] lyof ] . bf ]; | f ];Demf}tfsf] cjlw #).)(.@))* -@)^%.%.!%_;Dd sfod lyof] . s/f/sf] cjlw ;dfKt x'g'cufl8 g} s/f/sf] ;do cjlw yk ug{ljkIfLnfO{ k|:tfj k7fOPsf] lyof] . ljkIfLn]To;df s'g} c;xdlt k|s6 gug'{ ePsf] /pQm :yfgaf6 ;dfg p7fO{ nUg glbPsf]cj:yfdf lgj]bs sDkgLsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfgx¿k|ToyL{n] p7fO{ nu]df k'g/fj]bs sDkgLsf]gful/s clwsf/ P]g, @)!@ n] k|bfg u/]sf]clwsf/df cf3ft k'Ug hfg] :ki6 x'Fbf Goflosdgsf] k|of]u u/L k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] u/]sf]k}m;nf pN6L u/L k'g/fj]bssf] xs :jfldTjsf;Dk"0f{ ;fdu|L grnfpg' egL lgif]wf1fsf] cfb]zhf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] ldlt @)^^.^.@^ df o;cbfntdf lgj]bssf] tkm{af6 btf{ ePsf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L k]zePsf] k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg lhsL/;lxtsf]ldl;n sfuhft cWoog u/L k'g/fj]bs tk{msfljåfg clwjQmf clgns'df/ l;Gxfn] lgj]bssDkgLn] k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{ ;'b[9Ls/0fkl/of]hgfsf] 7]Ssf lnO{ k|ToyL{sf] hUufdf;fdfgx¿ /fVg] k|of]hgn] s/f/ u/]sf] xf] .sf]zL gbLdf af9L cfPsf] sf/0f sfd ;DkGgx'g g;s]sf]n] tTsfnLg cj:yfdf k|ToyL{n]


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;fdfg p7fO{ n}hfg kqfrf/ u/] klg ;fdfgp7fO{ n}hfg ;lsg] cj:yf lyPg . xfn s/f/sf]cjlw ;dfKt ePsf], tL ;fdfg klg n}hfgglbPsf] / k'g/fj]bs sDkgLsf] xs :jfldTjsf];fdfgx¿ lxgfldgf ug]{ k|jn cfz+sfsf]cj:yfdf lgj]bg dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lug'{kg] {df lgj]bg vf/]h u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] OG;fkm ldn]sf] 5}g eGg] ;d]tug'{ePsf] jx; ;'lgof] .

@= k'g/fj]bstk{msf ljåfg clwjQmfsf]jx; ;'gL ldl;naf6 b]lvPsf] tYonfO{ b[li6utu/L k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ePsf] k}m;nf ldn]sf]5 jf 5}g egL lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] k|:t'td'2fdf oL k'g/fj]bs / k|ToyL{aLr k|ToyL{sf]hUufdf lgdf{0f ;fdu|L ;d]t /fVg kfpg] u/L;Demf}tf ePsf] eGg] tYodf ljjfb b]lvFb}g .k'g/fj]bs / k|ToyL{aLr kl5Nnf] k6s ePsf]s/f/cg';f/ s/f/sf] ;dofjlw @)^%.%.!%-tbg';f/ #).)(.@))*_ ;Dd sfod /x]sf]k'g/fj]bsn] g} :jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQms/f/sf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 k|ToyL{n]s/f/cg'¿k lghsf] hUufdf /flvPsf sDkgLsf;fdfgx¿ p7fpg glbPsf]n] k|ToyL{n] tL;fdfgx¿ p7fO{ n}hfg], ckrng jf sAhfug]{ cfz+sf ePsf]n] To;f] gug'{, ;fdfg p7fO{n}hfg cj/f]w gug'{ egL lgif]wf1f hf/L u/Lkfpg dfu u/]sf] b]lvG5 . t/, k'g/fj]bgcbfntn] lgj]bg bfjL g} vf/]h u/]sf] cj:yf/x]5 .

#= k|:t't ljjfb s/fl/o k|s[ltsf]ljifonfO{ lnP/ k/]sf] b]lvG5 . s/f/sfcfwf/e"t zt{sf] kl/kfngfsf ;DaGwdf s/f/P]gn] Joj:yf u/]adf]lhd x'g] / s/f/sf]zt{cg'¿k s/f/ kl/kfngfsf] ;fy} s/f/sf]

cjlw ;DkGg ePkl5 s/f/cg';f/ /fv]sf cfˆgf];fdfg ;DalGwt kIfn] lkmtf{ nfg gkfpg]eGg ldNb}g . To:t} s/f/ ;dfKt e};s]kl5s/f/cg';f/ /flvPsf ;fdfgx¿sf] :jfldTj;DaGwdf k|Zg p7]df lgif]wf1fsf] lgj]bgaf6o;sf] jf p;sf] egL xs :jfldTjsf]] lg0f{ox'g ;Qm}g . s/f/adf]lhd cfkm"n] /fv]sf;fdfgx¿ s/f/ ;dfKt ePkl5 p7fO{ nfgglbPdf jf gf]S;fgL u/]sf] ePdf Tof] ;fDklQsclwsf/ ;DaGwL 5'§} ljjfbsf] ljifo aGg hfg]/ To;df ;fdfGo sfg"gL pkrf/sf] Joj:yfcfslif{t x'G5 . csf]{tkm{ oL k'g/fj]bsn] s/f/P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf *& adf]lhd pkrf/k|flKtsf] bfjL lnPsf] lgj]bgaf6 b]lvg cfpF5 .s/f/ P]gsf] bkmf *& sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf]Joj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ s/f/sf] s'g} kIfn] ;f] s/f/sf]k|s[ltcg';f/ ug{ gx'g] s'g} sfdsf/jfxL jfJojxf/ ug{ nfu]sf ] sf/0faf6 s/f/sf]k l/kfngf ;Dej gx 'g ] ePdf To:tf ]sfdsf/jfxL jf Jojxf/af6 dsf{ kg]{ kIfn]To:tf] sfdsf/jfxL jf Jojxf/ /f]sL kfpgk'g/fj]bg cbfntdf ph"/L lbg ;Sg] Joj:yfb]lvG5 . ;f] bkmf *& sf cGo pkbkmfx¿cnUu} :jtGq cl:tTjsf geO{ pkbkmf -!_; Fu cGt/;DalGwt /x ]sf ] k fO Fb f oLk'g/fj]bsn] cfwf/ lnPsf] plNnlvt sfg"gLJoj:yf s/f/sf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 cfslif{tx'g] gb]lvO{ s/f/ kl/kfngfsf] ;DaGwdfpTkGg ;d:of;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf] :ki6} 5 .t/, k|:t't ljjfbsf] ljifo s/f/sf] cjlw;dfKt e};s]kl5sf] b]lvPsf]n] pQm bkmf o;d'2fsf] ljjfbsf] ljifodf cfslif{t x'g ;Sg]b]lvg gcfpFbf k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] u/]sf]OG;fkm cGoyf b]lvg cfPg .

16891689168916891689

*(!( –*(!( –*(!( –*(!( –*(!( – O/sg OG6/g]zgn ln=lj=/fjgLb]jL dxtf] ;d]t

$= t;y{, dfly ljj]lrt cfwf/ /sf/0fx¿af6 lgj]bg dfu adf]lhd lgif]wf1fsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g g;Sg] 7x¥ofO{ lgj]bg vf/]hug]{ u/L k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/af6 ldlt@)^^.#.@( df ePsf] cfb]z ldn]s} b]lvFbf;b/ x'G5 . k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g .bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5'

Gof=e/t/fh pk|]tL

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn j}zfv #! ut] /f]h ! z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M bLkss'df/ bfxfn

lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(!(*(!(*(!(*(!(*(!(

;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7

dfggLo GofofwLz >L e/t/fh pk|]tLk'g/fj]bg gDj/ )^^-CI-)@^$km};nf ldltM @)^(.!.#!.!

d'2fM– lnh s/f/adf]lhdsf] dfn j:t'gp7fpg] / k'gM s/f/sf] cfb]z .

k'g/fj]bs lgj]bsM ;'g;/L lhNnf, O6x/Lgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= % l:yt O/sgOG6/g]zgn ln=sf] tkm{af6 P]= sfclwsf/k|fKt sfof{no k|d'v kl/of]hgfk|aGws P; s]=;fj+t

lj?4k|ToyL{ ljkIfLM ;'g;/L lhNnf, g/l;+x uf=lj=;=,

j8f g+= ! a:g] /fjgLb]jL dxtf]

z'? km};nf ug]{ Mdf=Gof=>L xl/axfb'/ a:g]tdf=Gof=>L hgfb{gaxfb'/ v8\sf

§ s/f/ b'O{ kIfaLr k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdx'g] ;Demf}tf ePsfn] s/f/Lo ;Demf}tfsfcfjZos tTjx¿df kIfx¿sf] :jtGq;xdlt dxTjk"0f{ x'g] x'Fbf s/sfk jfbjfjdf s/f/ u/fpg s'g} kIfnfO{ afWoug{ g;lsg] .

§ s/f/ ug{ s'g} kIfn] csf]{ kIfpk/ k|:tfjk7fPsf] cj:yfdf lghn] tt\;DaGwdfs'g} hjfkm glbPs} cfwf/df csf]{ kIfs/f/ ug{ ;xdt ePsf] eGg] cy{ ug{gldNg] .

§ s/f/sf] k|:tfjpk/ csf]{ kIfn] :jLs[lthgfPsf] jf k|:tfjcg'¿k s'g} s'/f u|x0fu/]sf] jf :jLsf/ u/]sf] k'li6 ePdfs/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf & adf]lhdTo:tf] cj:yfdf :jLs[lt hgfPsf] cy{ug{ ;lsg] .

§ s/f/sf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 k'gMs/f/sf] cjlw a9fpg kqfrf/ u/] klgTo;pk/ s'g} rf;f] g/fv]sf] cj:yfdf:jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf] dfGg sfg"gtMgldNg] .

§ kIfsf] :jtGq ;xdltlagf s/f/ ug{ jfk'gM s/f/ ug{ cbfntn] afWo u/fpgg;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=#_

&&&&&


16901690169016901690

k'g/fj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf clgns'df/l;Gxf

k|ToyL{ ljkIfL tkm{af6McjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ s/f/ P]g @)%^ sf] bkmf $, &

km};nfGof=sNof0f >]i7M Gofo k|zf;g P]g,

@)$* sf] bkmf ( adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg cbfntla/f6gu/sf] ldlt @)^^.#.@( sf] km};nfpk/k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo /7x/ lgDgadf]lhd 5 M–

lgj]bs O/sg OG6/g]zgn ln= ef/tLosDkgL xf] . g]kfndf /x]sf] k"j{ klZrd dx]Gb|/fhdfu{sf] ;8s ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgfcGtu{t7]Ssf k|fKt ePsf] x'Fbf a]naf/L rf]xjf{ ;8s&*–@!* sf] -:t/ a[l4_ ug]{ qmddf ;8ssf];+zfwg pTkfbg e08f/0fnfO{ Jojl:yt ug'{kg]{ePaf6 cfof]hgfsf] sfd g;lssg Hofnfhldgsf] cfjZostf ePsf] x'Fbf o; sDkgLn]ljkIfL /fjgLb]jL dxtf]sf] gfd btf{sf] lhNnf;'g;/L, g/l;+x uf=lj=;=, j8f g+= @-v_ ls=g+=$$* hUuf k§f -Lease_ df lng] lgwf] aGbf]a:teO{ ldlt @)^@.#.!& ut] tbg';f/ )!–)&–@))% df sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 a'4b]j ;/sf/ /hUufjfnf cfkmF} eO{ s/f/ u/L lnof}+ . ;f]s/f/gfdfsf] sfuhsf] k|s/0f $–% df lnhk§f cjlw a9fpg' k/]df jf k"0f{ kl/jt{gug'{k/]df ! dlxgf cufl8 g} ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ u/L;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] . t/ ;f] ;Demf}tf sfuhdfhUufjfnfn] -lnh_ k§f cjlw s6f}tL ug]{ jfO/sg OG6/g]zgnn] pkof]u u?~h]n jf /xg

rfxFbf;Dd s/f/ ;+zf]wg eO/xg] s/f/sf] df}g:j¿kcg';f/ kl5Nnf] kl/jlt{t cjlw #)–)(–@))* ;Dd s/f/ eO{ clj5Gg ¿kdfxfdL b'j} kIfn] s/f/sf] bfloTj / zt{ kl/kfngfu/L cfPsf lyof}+ . o;} aLrdf kl/of]hgfsf]sfo{ afFsL /x]sf]n] sDkgLnfO{ c? a9L ;dos/f/ ug'{kg]{ ePsf] cj:yfdf s/f/sf] cjlwcGTo x'g'k"j{ g} ljkIfLnfO{ k6s–k6s kqfrf/ubf{ ;d]t s/f/ ug{ OGsf/ /xL ljkIfLn]PstkmL{ ¿kdf s/f/sf] cGTo ePsf] 3f]if0fu/L ;f] hUufdf /x]sf] sDkgLsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;fdu|LsAhfdf lng] cj:yf ljBdfg b]lvPsf] x'Fbfk'gM s/f/ ;+zf]wg ug'{ / sDkgLsf] dfnj:t'lxgfldgf x'g] s'g} sfd gug'{ egL cfb]z hf/Lu/L k'gM s/f/ u/fO{ kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg dfubfjL .

o;df lgj]bg dfucg';f/sf] k'gM s/f/hf/L ug{ ldNg] xf] xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdfaf6fsf Dofbafx]s !% lbgleq cfkm+} jf cfˆgf]sfg"gL k|ltlglwdfkm{t\ lnlvthjfkm k]z ug'{egL ljkIfLsf gfddf Dofb ;"rgf hf/L u/Llgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]cfb]z .

d;Fu ljkIfLn] bfjL u/]sf] hUuf )!–&–@))% df @$ dlxgfsf] nflu #!–)^–@))&;Ddsf nflu k|of]hgdf lng] lbg] zt{ eO{ u/]sf]s/f/df s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf &( sf]ljifodf st} s'g} s'/f pNn]v ePsf] 5}g . o;s/f/df Tof] s'/fsf] s'g} ;DaGw g} g/x]sf] ;d]tx'Fbf lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]ljkIfLsf] lnlvthjfkm .

b'O{ kIfaLr ePsf] s/f/sf] cjlw ;dfKtePdf kIfx¿s} d~h"/Laf6 k'gM s/f/ x'g ;Sg]b]lvPsf] / kIfn] cfˆgf] d~h"/Ln] ug]{ jf gug]{

16911691169116911691

*(!( –*(!( –*(!( –*(!( –*(!( – O/sg OG6/g]zgn ln=lj=/fjgLb]jL dxtf] ;d]t

sfo{ cbfntn] kIfnfO{ afWo u/fO{ k'gM s/f/ug{ jf gug{ egL cfb]z ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfgb]lvFbf k|:t't lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ eGg]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/sf] ldlt @)^^.#.@(sf] cfb]z .

k'g/fj]bs sDkgL / g]kfn ;/sf/sf]PlzofnL ljsf; a}+s ;d]tsf] ;xof]udf;~rflnt kl/of]hgf cGtu{t k"j{ klZrd/fhdfu{sf] ;8s ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgfsf]a]naf/L rf]xjf{ ;8ssf] :t/ a[l4 ug]{ ;DaGwdfePsf] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|ToyL{sf]ls=g+= $$* sf] hUuf ef8fdf lng] ! h'nfO{@))% df ;DkGg eO{ bf ]; | f ] ;Demf }tf)!.)&.@))& df ePsf ] lyof ] . bf ]; | f ];Demf}tfsf] cjlw #).)(.@))* -@)^%.%.!%_;Dd sfod lyof] . s/f/sf] cjlw ;dfKt x'g'cufl8 g} ljkIfLnfO{ s/f/sf] ;do cjlwyk ug{ k|:tfj k7fPsf] lyof] . ljkIfLn]To;df s'g} c;xdlt k|s6 gug'{ ePsf] /pQm :yfgaf6 ;dfg p7fO{ nUg glbPsf]cj:yfdf s/f/sf] cjlw :jtM yk ePsf]dfGg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . k'g/fj]bsn] lnlvts/0fu/fpg dfq bfjL u/]sf]df k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]km};nfdf Goflos dgsf] cefj /x]sf] x'FbfpQm km};nf cfb]z pN6L u/L ;fljsb]lvrlncfPsf] s/f/ ;Demf}tfnfO{ lnlka4 ug{nufO{ kfpmF eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfntdf@)^^.^.@^ df btf{ ePsf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L k]zePsf] k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg lhsL/;lxtsf]ldl;n sfuhft cWoog u/L k'g/fj]bstkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmf clgns'df/ l;Gxfn]k|ToyL{sf] hUufdf lgdf{0f ;fdu|L /fVg b'O{j6fs/f/ ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof], sf]zL gbLdf

af9L cfPsf] sf/0f sfd ;DkGg x'g g;s]sf]cj:yfdf k|ToyL{n] ;fdfg p7fO{ n}hfgkqfrf/ u/] klg tTsfnLg cj:yfdf ;dfgp7fpg] cj:yf lyPg, xfn ;dfg p7fpgglbPsf] cj:yf x'Fbf k'gM ;Demf}tf ug'{sf]cGo ljsNk 5}g eGg] ;d]t ug'{ePsf] ax;;'lgof] .

@= k'g/fj]bstkm{sf ljåfg clwjQmsf]ax; ;'gL ldl;naf6 b]lvPsf] tYonfO{ b[li6utu/L k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] u/]sf] cfb]z ldn]sf]5 jf 5}g eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvPsf]k|:t't d'2fdf oL k'g/fj]bs sDkgLn] k|ToyL{sf]hUuf ef8fdf lng] u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf] eGg]tYodf ljjfb 5}g . k'g/fj]bs / k|ToyL{aLr@)^@.#.!& -tbg';f/ )!.)&.@))%_ df klxnf];Demf}tf u/]sf] / ;f] ;Demf}tfsf] ;dofjlwk'gM ;+zf]wg ;Demf}tf u/L a9fO{ @)^$.%.!%-tbg';f/ #).)(.@))*_ ;Dd sfod ePsf]eGg] k'g/fj]bs :jod\n] :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yf5 . k|ToyL{ hUufjfnfn] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ hUufdf/x]sf ;fdfgx¿ p7fO{ n}hfg glbPsf] x'Fbfk|ToyL{;Fu ePsf] s/f/ ;+zf]wg u/fO{ ;Demf}tfsf];dofjlw a;":9fO{ kfpg oL k'g/fj]bsn]k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPsf]df ;f]cbfntn] lgj]bg vf/]h u/]sf] cj:yf /x]5 .

#= j:t'tM s/f/ b'O{ kIfaLr k|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd x'g] ;Demf}tf xf] . s/f/Lo;Demf}tfsf cfjZos tTjx¿df kIfx¿sf]:jtGq ;xdlt dxTjk"0f{ x'g] x'Fbf s/sfk jfbjfjdf s/f/ u/fpg s'g} kIfnfO{ afWo ug{;lsg] x'Fb}g . s/f/ P]g @)%^ sf] bkmf $ n]s/f/sf kIfx¿nfO{ s/f/ P]g cg'¿k s/f/ug{ :jtGqtf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . To;} u/L s/f/ug{ s'g} kIfn] csf]{kIfpk/ k|:tfj k7fPsf]


16921692169216921692

cj:yfdf lghn] tt\;DaGwdf s'g} hjfkmglbPs} cfwf/df csf]{ kIf s/f/ ug{ ;xdtePsf] eGg] cy{ ug{ ldNg] x'Fb}g . t/, s/f/sf]k|:tfjpk/ csf]{ kIfn] :jLs[lt hgfPsf] jfk|:tfjcg'¿k s'g} s'/f u|x0f u/]sf] jf :jLsf/u/]sf] k'li6 ePdf s/f/ P]g, @)%^ sf] bkmf &adf]lhd To:tf] cj:yfdf :jLs[lt hgfPsf]cy{ ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 . o; d'2fdf s/f/sf]cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 k'gM s/f/sf] cjlwa9fpg oL k'g/fj]bsn] k|ToyL{pk/ kqfrf/u/]sf] eg] klg To;pk/ k|ToyL{n] s'g} rf;f]g/fv]sf] cj:yfdf :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf] dfGgsfg"gtM ldNb }g . csf ] { kIfsf ] :jtGq;xdltlagf s/f/ ug{ jf k'gM s/f/ ug{cbfntn] afWo u/fpg g;Sg] ePsf]n]k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] u/]sf] OG;fkm cGoyf b]lvgcfPg .

$= ctM dfly ljj]rgf ul/Padf]lhdk'g/fj]bs / k|ToyL{aLr ePsf] s/f/ ;+zf]wgug{ cfb]z hf/L ug{ gldNg] g} x'Fbf lgj]bgvf/]h ug] { 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/sf] ldlt @)^^.#.@( sf] cfb]z ldn]s}b]lvPsf] ;b/ x'G5 . k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug;Qm}g . bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;nlgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=e/t/fh pk|]tL

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn j}zfv #! ut] /f]h ! z'edOhnf; clws[t M bLkss'df/ bfxfn

lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(@)*(@)*(@)*(@)*(@)

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7

dfggLo GofofwLz >L e/t/fh pk|]tL)^#–CI- !@$*

km};nf ldltM @)^(.#.!(.#

d'2f M e/]ª af6f] sfod ul/kfpFm .

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLM eQmk'/ lhNnf, eQmk'/gu/kflnsf j8f g+ ! 3/ eO{ xfnsf7df8f } F lhNnf sf7df8f } Fdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+ #! jfujhf/j:g] jif{ %& sf] rGb|dfg gf~h" ;d]t

lj?4k|ToyL{ jfbLM eQmk'/ lhNnf eQmk'/ gu/fkflnsf

j8f g= ! ;"o{d9L 6f]n j:g] jif{ ̂ @ sf]s[i0feQm vo/uf]nL ;d]t

z'? k}m;nf ug]{Mdf=Gof=>L k|]djxfb'/ s]=;L=

k'g/fj]bg k}m;nf ug]{ Mdf=Gof=>L xl//fd sf]O/fnfdf=Gof=>L xl/jxfb'/ j:g]t

§ hUufsf] k|s[lt jf If]qkmnaf6 ljjflbte¥ofË lnvtleqsf] b]lvg cfPtfklg3/ hUufdf /x]sf] af6f]3f6f] e¥ofË lgsf;b'j} kIfn] k|of]u u/L cfPsf] l:yltdfTo:tf] lgsf; af6f]nfO{ Ps kIfsf] dfq}sfod u/]df ;DklQ pkef]uof]Uo gx'g]x'G5 . b'j} kIfn] ;femf af6f]sf] ¿kdf&&&&&

16931693169316931693

*(@) –*(@) –*(@) –*(@) –*(@) – rGb|dfg gf~h" ;d]t lj=s[i0feQm vo/uf]nL ;d]t

k|of]u u/L cfPsf] e¥ofËnfO{ Ps kIfn]dfq } k |of ]u ug{ kfpg] eGgnfO {;dGofosf] b[li6af6 gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=@_§ ljlwzf:qLo dfGotfdf :jfldTjsf] cefj

eP klg lgsf;sf] ;'ljwfsf] b[li6n]lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ef]u rng ul//x]sf]af6f], e¥ofË cflbnfO{ ljz]ifflwsf/-Servitude_ sf] ¿kdf lnOg] x'Fbf s'g}j:t' Psfsf] :jfldTjdf ePklg lgsf;cflbdf ;f] j:t'pk/ c?sf] sfod /x]sf]ef]uflwsf/sf] xs ;'lglZrt\ x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=#_

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL tk{maf6M ljåfg clwjQmfåoljZjk|sfz l;Ub]n / ;'/]zs'df/ yfkf

k|ToyL{ jfbL tk{maf6M ljåfg clwjQmf ljZjk|sfze08f/L

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM

km};nfGof=sNof0f >]i7M k'g/fj]bg cbfnt

kf6gaf6 ldlt @)^#.(.!&.@df ePsf] k}m;nfpk/ Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf (adf]lhd o; cbfnt ;dIf k'g/fj]bg bfo/ x'gcfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pj+ 7x/ o;k|sf/ 5 M

eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+ ! sf] ls=g+=#$) sf] 3/ xfdL lkm/fbLdWo]sf s[i0feQmsfgfpFdf dfnkf]t sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf] 3/xf] . h'g xfdLn] cljl5Gg ef]uL cfPsf 5f} .;f] k"hf{sf] s}lkmotdf ls=g+= #$) sf] blIf0fdf]x8fdf klZrdtk{m k'=k=rf}8fO{ !=*), pQ/

blIf0f n= !*) t]; |f ] tNnfdf lkm/fbLljs'axfb'/sf] efu k5{ . ;f] ls=g=sf] 3/sf]rf]6f t];|f] tNnf jfx]s c? ;Dk"0f{ 3/ lkm/fbLs[i0feQmn] / ;f] ls=g sf] rf]6f tNnfljs'axfb'/n] ef]uL cfPsf 5f} . lkm/fbL ;xf]b/bfh'efO{ xf} . ls=g+= #$# sf] 3/ j'l4gf/fo0fgfufh"sf gfpFdf btf{ sfod 5 . ljkIfL k|ltjfbLrGb|dfgsf] ls=g+= #$! df j;]sf] 3/ ;j}hf ] l8Psf ;femf af6f ] / e¥ofË v08lkm/fbL;d]tsf] ;femf e} cgj/t ef]u rngu/L k|of]u u/L cfPsf] x'Fbf rf]6f;Dd hfg]e¥ofË ;femf af6f] sfod geP;Dd gS;f kf;/f ]Ssf u/L kfpg lkm/fbL s[i0feQm /ljs'axfb'/sf] ph"/L k/L eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfaf6ljjflbt :yfg s] s;sf] xs :jfldTj sf] xf]k|df0f d"NofÍg gu/L lg0f{o lbg] clwsf/e=g=kf= sf] gx'Fbf clwsf/k|fKt cbfntaf6clGtd 7x/]adf]lhd x'g] u/L lkm/fb ug{ hfg'egL ;'gfPsf]n] of] lkm/fb ug{ cfPsf] 5' .ls=g+= #$! df /x]sf] af6f] ;femf sfod u/Le¥ofË af6f] ;femf ¿kd} pkef]u ug{ kfpFm .;f] e¥ofË af6f] jfbL k|ltjfbLn] ;+o'Qm ¿kdfef]uL cfPsf] 5 . k|ltjfbL j'4gf/fo0f, rGb|dfg/ lty{gf/fo0faLr e=g=kf=df ldlt @)%&.!@.@^df ldnfkqsf] nflu ;+o'Qm b/vf:t kb}{dflkm/fbL ;d]tsf] ;femf e¥ofËaf6f] xs 5f]8\g5f]8fpg kfO{g] xf]Og . ljkIfLn] xfdLnfO{ cGofou/]sf] lglj{jfb ¿kdf k'li6 ePsf] 5 . xfdLlkm/fbLsf] ls=g+= #$) df hfg ls=g+= #$! sf]l5F8Lb]lv rf]6f;Ddsf] e¥ofË af6f]nfO{ ;femfsfod ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbLsf]lkm/fb bfjL .

ljkIfLsf] lkm/fb bfjL unt / lg/fwf/xf] . ls=g+= #$# sf] 3/ hUuf d]/f] xs ef]usf]


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xf] eGg] s'/fdf ljjfb 5}g . gfkLcg';f/sfod ug{ ;xdlt ePs} x'Fbf cGoyf elg/xgcfjZos 5}g . d}n] ljkIfLx¿sf] 3/df hfgcfpg s'g} klg af6f] aGb u/]sf] 5}g eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL j'l4gf/fo0f gfufh'sf]k|ltpQ/ kq .

ljkIfLx¿sf] ls=g+= #$) df hfg d]/f]ls=g+= #$! 3/d'lgaf6 ! dL6/sf] af6f] /x]sf]5 . ;f] s'/f # g+ gfkL uf]Zj/faf6 ldlt@)$@.%.@@ df k|dfl0ft u/L lbPsf] :jjf;L 3/huufsf] c:yfoL k|df0fkqdf pNn]v 5 . ;f];DaGwdf jfbLx¿sf] Dofbleq} lkm/fb kg{ ;s]sf]5}g . d]/f] xs ef]u g} gePsf] ;DklQsf] ljifodfdnfO{ ljkIfL jgfPsf] lkm/fb :jtM vf/]hefuL5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL rGb|dfg gf~h"sf]k|ltpQ/ kq .

eQmk'/ zx/L gfkLdf sfod ePsf]e=g=kf= j8f g+= !, ls=g+= #$! sf] hUuf /;f]df jg]sf] 3/ rGb|dfg gf~h" / rGb|dfofgf~h"sf gfpFdf btf{ sfod /x]sf]df lghbtf{jfnfx¿af6 d}n] ;f] lsQfsf] 3/ hUufldlt @)%*.#.!* df /fhLgfdfåf/f sfod e}Psnf}6L ¿kdf ef]u rng u/L cfPsf] 5' .d]/f] ls=g+= #$! df k|j]z ug]{ / #$! sf] l58Laf6f] x'Fb} k'gM jfbLx¿sf] ls=g+= #$) df k|j]zug]{ gfkLdf sfod ePsf] ;femf l5F8L af6f];Dd 5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] c=j= !#( g+=adf]lhd j'lemPsf lty{gf/fo0f k|hfktLn] u/]sf]aofg .

;femf e¥ofË af6f] ls=g+= #$! df /x]sf]b]lvPsf] ;d]taf6 tYoo'Qm ;a"b k|df0fsf]cefjdf jfbL bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7x5{ eGg] ;d]tz'? eQmk'/ lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^@.!.!(sf] k}m;nf .

z'? k}m;nfdf lrQ j'e]mg . gfkL 6f]nLsf]ldlt @)$).%.@^ sf] lg0f{oaf6 ls=g= #$! x'Fb}#$) / #$! df hfg] af6f] b]lvPsf]df ;femfe¥ofË af6f] sfod gu/]sf] z'?sf] k}m;nf q'l6k"0f{x'Fbf pN6L u/L z'? lkm/fb bfjLcg';f/ ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbLsf] k'g/fjb]g cbfntkf6gdf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

o;df z'? k}m;nf km/s kg{ ;Sg] b]lv+bfljkIfL lemsfO{ cfPkl5 lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]cfb]z .

z'? cbfntaf6 eO{ cfPsf] ldlt@)^!.#.@! sf] gS;f ljj/0f x]bf{ jfbLsf] ls=g+#$) / e¥ofË af6f] sfod ul/kfpFm elgPsf]ls=g+ #$! sf] hUufsf] aLrdf af6f] /x]sf] /af6f]af6 k"j{klZrd ls=g+= #$) / #$! sf] 3/cnucnu /x]sf] b]lvG5 . gu/kflnsfsf]:ynut lg/LIf0f k|ltj]bg;d]taf6 ljjfbb]vfOPsf] g=g+= !# sf] e¥ofË ls=g+= #$) /#$! sf] 3/ hUufn] ;femf ¿kdf k|of]u ePsf]eGg] b]lv+bf z'? eQmk'/ lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt@)^@.!.!( sf] k}m;nf pN6L eO{ gS;f g+= !#sf] e¥ofË af6f] ;femf sfod x'g] 7x5{ eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]ldlt @)^#.(.!&.@ sf] k}m;nf .

k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] k}m;nfdf d]/f] ls=g+=#$! sf] 3/sf] e¥ofË ljgf sfuh k|df0f ;femf¿kdf k|of]u u/]sf] egL pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .gu/kflnsfsf] lg0f{o krf{df ph"/ ug{ hfg' egL;'gfOPsf] cj:yfdf ljkIfLx¿sf] lkm/fb kg{;s]sf] 5}g . @)$) ;fndf ePsf] gu/ gfkLsfjvt ljkIfLx¿n] ls=g+= #$! df /x]sf] 3/sf]e¥ofË lghx¿sf] ls=g+= #$)df /x] sf] 3/dfhfg k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] egL gfkL Joxf]/f n]vfpg

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*(@) –*(@) –*(@) –*(@) –*(@) – rGb|dfg gf~h" ;d]t lj=s[i0feQm vo/uf]nL ;d]t

;s]sf 5}gg . ljkIfLx¿sf] 3/sf] pQ/ tk{m/x]sf] k]6Lsf] af6f]af6 ljkIfLx¿ cfˆgf] 3/dfcfjt hfjt ug]{ ub{5g . ;f] s'/fn] ljjflbte¥ofË af6f] ;femf eGg] s'/f vl08t eO{/x]sf]5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf z'? sf] k}m;nf ;b/ ug'{'kg]{df pN6L u/L e¥ofË ;femf 7x/ u/]sf]k'g/fjb]g cbfnt kf6gsf] k}m;nf tYo /sfg"g;d]tsf] k|lts"n 5 . To;}n] pQm km};nfjb/ u/L z'? cbfntsf] k}m;nfnfO{ ;b/ x'g]u/L Gofo kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbLsf]tk{maf6 bfo/ x'g cfPsf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

o;df @)^!.#.@! sf] gS;f d'r'Nsfdfls=g+= #$) sf] 3/df hfg] 5'§} af6f] egL g=g=!# sf] pNn]v ePsf] tyf g=g+= !), !!, !@ df;femf af6f] x'Fbf x'b} g=g=!# sf] ;femf e¥ofËegL u/]sf] lg0f{odf k|df0fsf] d"NofÍg ;DaGwLq'l6 eO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt@)^#.(.!& sf] k}m;nf km/s kg]{ b]lvPsf]n]ljkIfL lemsfO{ cfPkl5 jf cjlw k'u]kl5lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntaf6 ePsf]ldlt @)^^.$.@%.! sf] cfb]z .

lgodadf]lhd d'2f k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbLsf] tk{maf6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfåoljZjk|sfz l;Ub]n / ;'/]zs'df/ yfkfn]k|ltjfbLsf] dfq} xs nfUg] hUufsf] e¥ofË;femf x'g} ;Sb}g . !#( g+ adf]lhd j'e]msf]sf/0fn] tLy{ gf/fo0fnfO{ c;/ ug]{ u/L lg0f{oug{ ldNb}g . 3/ k"j{ klZrd / af6f] pQ/blIf0f eO{ aLrdf 5 . ls=g+ #$)sf] 3/dfhfg] 5'§} af6f] 5 . jfbLsf] 3/nfO{ 5'§} af6f]x'FbfxF'b} gS;fdf gb]vfPsf] eGg] dfq} cfwf/dfls=g+ #$! sf] e¥ofË af6f]nfO{ ;femf eGgldNb}g . gS;f jb/ tk{m ljkIfLx¿sf] ph"/

kg{ ;s]sf] 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf z'?sf] k}m;nf;b/ u/L k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] k}m;nf jb/x'g'k5{ egL jx; ug'{eof] . k|ToyL{ jfbLsf]tk{maf6 pkl:yt x'g' ePsf ljåfg clwjQmf>L ljZjk|sfz e08f/Ln] klxnf] / bf];|f] tNnfdfhfgsf] nflu ljjflbt ;femf e¥ofË jfx]scsf]{ s'g} af6f] 5}g . t];|f] tNnfdf hfgsf]nflu dfq cf–cfˆg} e¥ofË 5 . To;} sf/0fklxnf] / bf];|f] tNnfsf] nflu ljjflbt e¥ofËg} ;femf ¿kdf k|of]u eO{/x]sf] x'Fbf k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 ePsf] k}m;nf Gofok"0f{ g} x'Fbf ;b/x'g'k5{ egL jx; ug'{eof] .

plNnlvt jx; lhsL/ ;'Gg'sf ;fy}ldl;n ;+nUg k|df0f sfuhx¿sf] cWoog ul/of] .k|:t't d'2fdf jfbL bfjL gk'Ug] u/L ePsf] z'?sf]k}m;nf pN6L u/L jfbL bfjLsf] e¥ofË ;femfsfod x'g] u/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]k}m;nf ldn]sf] 5, 5}g < / k|ltjfbLx¿sf]k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug ;S5, ;Sb}g < eGg];DaGwdf O{G;fkm lbg'kg]{ b]lvof] .

o;df k|ltjfbL rGb|dfgsf] ls=g+= #$!sf] 3/ hUufdf /x]sf]] e¥ofË af6f] lkm/fbL;d]tn]k|of]u u/L cfPsf] x'Fbf ;femf sfod ul/kfpFmeGg] jfbLsf] lkm/fb lhsL/ /x]sf] / ljkIfL jfbLsf]ls=g+= #$) df hfg d]/f] ls=g+ #$! sf] 3/d'lgaf6! dL6/sf] 5'§} af6f] 5 . jfbLsf] nflu 5'§} af6f]x'Fbf ls=g+ #$! sf] e¥ofË ;femf x'g} ;Sb}g eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbLkIfsf] k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ePsf]df z'?n] jfbL bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7x¥ofPsf]k}m;nfnfO{ k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] pN6L u/L jfbLbfjLsf] e¥ofËnfO{ ;femf sfod x'g] 7x¥ofPsf]b]lvG5 . ;f] OG;fkmdf lrQ j'e]mg egL k|ltjfbLkIfsf] o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg kg{ cfPsf]b]lvof] .


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@= O{G;fkmtk{m ljrf/ ubf{, z'? eQmk'/lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^!.#.@! df ePsf]gS;f d'r'Nsfsf] g=g+= !# df ls=g+ #$! sf]e¥ofË b]vfO{ ;f]df ljjfb b]vfPsf] kfOG5 .ls=g= #$) / #$! sf 3/sf] ef}lts cj:yfx]bf{ b'j} 3/ k"j{ / klZrd eO{ aLrdf af6f]b]lvG5 . eO{ cfPsf] gS;faf6 ls=g+= #$) sf]3/sf] dflyNnf] tNnfdf hfgsf] nflu j}slNksaf6f ] b ] lvb }g . plNnlvt d 'r 'NsfnfO {k|ltjfbLx¿n] cGoyf x'g] u/L jb/ u/fpg;s]sf] ;d]t b]lvb}g . ls=g+= #$) / #$! sf;Flwof/ j'l4gf/fo0fn] ls=g+= #$# sf] hUufdf3/ jgfpgsf] nflu eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfdf gS;fkf;sf] lgj]bg lb+bf k|ltjfbL rGb|dfg;d]tn]/f]Ssfsf] lhsL/ lnPsf] / ;f] ;DaGwdf eQmk'/gu/kflnsfn] :ynut ;h{dLg u/L lbPsf]k|ltj]bgdf ;d]t g=g= !# sf] ljjflbt e¥ofËls=g+ #$) / #$! sf] 3/ hUufn] ;femf¿kdf k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] egL pNn]v u/]sf]b]lvG5 . pQm gS;f d'r'Nsf Pj+ :ynut;h{dLg k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df g=g+= !# sf]ljjfbLt e¥ofË b'j} kIfn] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf]tYo k'li6 ePsf] b]lvG5 . hUufsf] k|s[lt jfIf]qkmnaf6 k'g/fj]bssf] lnvtleqsf] b]lvgcfPtfklg ;f] 3/ hUufdf /x]sf] af6f]3f6f]e¥ofË lgsf; jfbL;d]tn] k|of]u u/L cfPsf]l:yltdf To:tf] lgsf; af6f]nfO{ k|ltjfbLsf]dfq} sfod u/]df jfbLsf] ;DklQ pkef]uof]Uogx'g] x'G5 . b'j} kIfn] ;femf af6f]sf] ¿kdfk|of]u u/L cfPsf] e¥ofËnfO{ k'g/fj]bsn] dfq}k|of]u ug{ kfpg] egL eGgnfO{ ;dGofosf]b[li6af6 ;d]t ldNb}g .

#= ljlwzf:qLo dfGotfdf :jfldTjsf]cefj eP klg lgsf;sf] ;'ljwfsf] b[li6n]

lg/Gt/¿kdf ef]u rng u/L /x]sf] af6f],e¥ofË cflbnfO{ ljz]ifflwsf/ -Servitude_ sf]¿kdf lnOG5 . o:tf] ljz]ifflwsf/ -Servitude_eg]s} s'g} j:t' Psfsf] :jfldTjdf ePklg lgsf;cflbdf ;f] j:t' pk/ c?sf] sfod /x]sf]ef]uflwsf/sf] xsnfO{ ;'lglZrt\ ug]{ eGg] xf] .@)#& ;fndf k|ltjfbL tk{maf6 v/Lb u/]sf]eg]klg ljjfbsf] e¥ofËsf] ljifodf k|ltjfbLsf]lg/k]If xs /xg] u/L s'g} s'/f jf]n]sf] b]lvFb}g .jfbLsf] 3/;Dd hfgsf] nflu g=g+= !# sf] ljjflbte¥ofË jfx]s csf]{ e¥ofËsf] cl:tTj gS;faf6b]lvb}g . g=g+=!), !! / !@ df 3/d'lgsf] af6f]b]lvPsf] eP klg jfbLsf] 3/sf] dflyNnf] tNnfdfhfgnfO{ TolQ af6f] dfq}n] ;Dej gx'g] eO{ljjflbt e¥ofËsf] cfjZostf kg]{ b]lvG5 . $= o;y{, jfbLsf] ls=g+ #$) sf] 3/sf]dflyNnf] tNnfdf hfg] ljjflbt g=g+= !# sf]e¥ofË jfx]s csf]{ j}slNks e¥ofË jf af6f] /x]ePsf] tYo k|dfl0ft gePsf]n] jfbL bfjLadf]lhdljjflbt g=g+= !# sf] e¥ofË ls=g+= #$) / #$!sf] 3/ hUufsf] nflu ;femf sfod u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)^#.(.!&.@ sf] OG;fkmldn]s} b]lvbf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ . o; cbfntsf];+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 k|ToyL{nfO{ lemsfpg] egLlnOPsf] /fodf ;xdt x'g ;lsPg . k'g/fjb]sk|ltjfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g .bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/j'emfO{ lbg' .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=e/t/fh pk|]tLOlt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn c;f/ !( ut] /f]h # z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M afa'/fd ;'j]bL

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*(@! –*(@! –*(@! –*(@! –*(@! – /fli6«o hgdf]rf{ ;d]tsf] ;ft blno ;dGjo ;ldlt lj=lzIff dGqfno ;d]t

lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(@!*(@!*(@!*(@!*(@!

;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7

dfggLo GofofwLz >L e/t/fh pk|]tL)^&-wo-)%(^

km};nf ldltM @)^(.%.!@.#


lgj]bsM l;Gw'nL lhNnfleq sfo{/t /fli6«ohgdf]rf{ ;d]tsf] ;ft blno ;dGjo;ldltsf] tk{maf6 l;Gw'nL lhNnfsdnfdfO{ g=kf= j8f g+ & j:g] nfndfgd'Qmfgsf] gftL s[i0fdfg d'Qmfgsf] 5f]/fP]=P]= j:g] jif{ $% sf] ;'/]Gb|Zj/ d'Qmfg

lj?4ljkIfLM lzIff dGqfno ;d]t

§ ljBfnox¿ eg]sf 1fg cfh{g ug{] kljqp2]Zon] :yflkt z}lIfs ;+:Yff ePsfn]o:tf ;+:yfsf] /]vb]v Pj+ Joj:yfkglhNnfleqsf :jtGq Pj+ k |fl1sJolQmx¿af6 g} x'g plrt / ;fGble{sx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=#_§ z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿nfO{ /fhgLlts If]qaf6

d'Qm /fvL /fhgLlts lqm8f:yn aGglbgaf6 d'Qm /fVg' kg]{ /fHosf] st{Jo;d]t xf] . 1fg cfh{g ug]{ u/fpg] kljqp2]Zon] :yflkt ljBfnox¿sf] /]vb]v/ Joj:yfkg ug{ u7g x'g] lhNnf lzIff;ldltdf ;b:ox¿ dgf]gLt ubf{

/fhgLlts JolQmx¿sf] eGbf :jtGqJolQmx¿s} e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_

lgj]bs tk{maf6MljkIfL tk{maf6M ljåfg pkGofoflwjQmf /]jtL/fh

lqkf7LcjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM

cfb]zGof=sNof0f >]i7M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@, !)&-@_ adf]lhdo; cbfntsf] c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q cGtu{tbfo/ x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKttYo Pj+ cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5M

lzIff P]g, @)@* sf] bkmf !! adf]lhdu7g x'g] lhNnf lzIff ;ldltdf bkmf !!-@_s b]lv ~f ;Ddsf ;b:o /xg] Joj:Yff ul/Psf]5 . lhNnf lzIff ;ldltdf ;b:o dgf]gLtubf{ lhNnfleq sfo{/t ;j} /fhgLltskf6L{sf];j{blno a}7s 8fsL /fhgLlts kf6L{sf];xdltaf6 sfg"g;Ddt ¿kdf lhNnf lzIff;ldltsf] u7g x'g'kg]{df cGo /fhgLltskf6L{nfO{ j]jf:tf u/L tLg 7"nf /fhgLltskf6L{ P=g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbL, g]kfnL sfu|]; /g]skf Pdfn]sf k|ltlglwdfq 8fsL ltgsf]dfq ;Nnfx / a}7saf6 u7g ul/Psf] lhNnflzIff ;ldlt cj}w 5 . To:tf] lhNnf lzIff;ldlt lj36g u/L k'gM lhNnfleq sfo{/t;j} /fhgLlts kf6L{sf k|ltlglw ;d]t /fvLlzIff P]gn] tf]s]sf] dfkb08leqsf ;b:ox¿dgf]gLt u/L lhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf] u7gug{ k6sk6s cg'/f]w ubf xfd|f] s'/fsf] s'g}


16981698169816981698

;'gjfO ul/Pg . ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlts}k"j{ cWoIf g} g/x]sf JolQmnfO{ ;d]t ljBfnoJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIfx¿ dWo]af6 egL;b:o dgf]gLt u/L sfg"gljk/Lt u7g ul/Psf]lhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf] lj/f]wfTds lhNnflzIff sfof{no l;Gw'nLdf hgbjfjsf] nfuLwgf{ sfo{qmd ;d]t /flvof] To;f] ubf{ lhNnflzIff ;ldltsf cWoIf lh=lj=;= l;Gw'nLsf:yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L ljbf lnP/ 3/lt/a:g] u/]sf] / lgldQ lh=lz=c= / k|d'v lhNnfclwsf/Ln] ;d:of ;dfwfgdf ;sf/fTds ;f]rg/fv]sfn] jfWo eO{ u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf lhNnflzIff ;ldlt u7g ug]{ ljkIfLsf] lg0f{o jb/ug{sf] nflu k|:t't l/6 lnO{ cfPsf 5f}+ .k|rlnt lzIff P]gdf ePsf] sfg"gL Joj:yf //fhgLlts ;xdltsf] ljk/Lt lhNnf lzIff;ldlt l;Gw'nLdf ;b:o dgf]gLt ug]{ u/LePsf]] ldlt @)^&.&.@( sf] lg0f{o lzIff P]g,@)@* sf] bkmf !!-@_-3_-r_ ;d]tsf] sfg"gLJoj:yfljk/Lt eO{ jb/efuL 5 . o;/Lu}/sfg"gL ¿kdf lhNnf lzIff ;ldlt u7gug] { ljkIfLsf ] sfo{n] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@-@_, #-s_-r_,wf/f !# / wf/f !( adf]lhd s|dzM dnfO{k|fKt :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf / ;DklQ ;DaGwL]df}lns Pj+ sfg"gL xsdf k|ToIf c;/ kf/]sfn]pQm lg0f{o pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f jb/ u/Lk'gM k|rlnt sfg"gsf] ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L lhNnflzIff ;ldltsf] u7g ug' { u/fpg' egLljkIfLx¿sf] gfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/Lul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] l/6 lgj]bgJoxf]/f .

ljkIfLx¿af6 lnlvt hjfkm dfu ug]{eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]] o; cbfntsf] ldlt@)^&.(.!(.@ sf] cfb]z .

lzIff P]g, @)@* sf] bkmf !! dflhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf] Joj:yf, u7g, kbfjlwtyf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;d]tsf] Joj:yfePsf] b]lvG5 . lhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf] u7gdfdGqfnosf] clwsf/If]q / s'g} klg e"ldsfx'b}g . of] dGqfnosf] s] s:tf] sfdsf/jfxLaf6lgj]bssf] xs clwsf/df cf3ft k'Uf]sf] 5egL lgj]bsn] l/6 lgj]bgdf pNn]v ;d]t ug{;s]sf] gb]lvPsf]af6 o; dGqfnonfO{ ljkIfLagfO{ lbPsf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hefuL ePsf]n]vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lzIffdGqfnosf] tk{maf6 k|:t't ePsf] lnlvthjfkm .

lhNnfleq sfo{/t /fhgLlts bnx¿sf];Nnfx / ;xdltaf6 lhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf]u7g ug{'kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf 5}g . k|rlnt sfg"gLJoj:yfadf]lhd g} lhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf] u7gug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] x'bf ;f] lg0f{on] lgj]bssf]:jtGqtf,;dfgtf / ;DklQ;DaGwL xssf]pNn+3g gePsf] gxF 'bf tYo ljk/Lt /sfg"gk|lts"n bfo/ ePsf] ljkIfsf] l/6 lgj]bgvf/]hefuL x'bf vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] lzIff ljefusf] tk{maf6 k|:t't x'gcfPsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lhNnf lzIff ;ldlt l;Gw'nLsf] ldlt@)^&.&.@( ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ lzIff P]g, @)@*/ lzIff lgodfjnL, @)%( df Joj:yf ePadf]lhdsfg"g;+ut ¿kdf g} cGo ;b:ox¿sf] dgf]gLtul/Psf] x'Fbf lgj]bssf] l/6 lgj]bg lhsL/ tYoxLg/ cfwf/xLg b]lvPsf] x'Fbf vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]

16991699169916991699

*(@! –*(@! –*(@! –*(@! –*(@! – /fli6«o hgdf]rf{ ;d]tsf] ;ft blno ;dGjo ;ldlt lj=lzIff dGqfno ;d]t

;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no,l;Gw'nLsf] tk{maf6 k|:t't x'g cfPsf] lnlvthjfkm .

ldlt @)^&.&.@( ut] ul7t lhNnflzIff ;ldlt k|rlnt lzIff P]g, @)@* adf]lhdg} ePsf] 5 . lzIff P]g, @)@* df /fhgLltsbnx¿sf] ;xdltdf lhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf] u7gug'{kg]{ eGg] sfg"gL Joj:Yf 5}g . ldlt @)^&.&.@(ut] j;]sf] a}7sn] sfg"gadf]lhd g} ;b:ox¿sf]dgf]gLt u/]sf]n] o;df l/6 hf/L x'g' kg]{ xf]Og .k|:t't l/6 b'/f;ok"0f{ tl/sfn] x}/fgL lbg] lgotn]btf{ ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]hefuL 5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lhNnf ljsf;;ldltsf] sfof{no,l;Gw'nLsf] tk{maf6 k|:t'tx'g cfPsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

ldlt @)^&.&.@( ut] a;]sf] lhNnflzIff ;ldlt l;Gw'nLsf] a}7sn] lzIff P]g,@)@* sf] bkmf !! adf]lhd lhNnf lzIff;ldltdf l/Qm ;b:ox¿ dgf]gog ul/Psf]xf] . /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] ;xdltaf6 lhNnflzIff ;ldlt u7g ug'{kg]{ eGg] lzIff P]g tyflgoddf s'g} klg Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5}g . lzIffP]g, @)@* k|lts"n u7g ul/Psf] eGg] ljkIfLl/6 lgj]bssf] egfO{df s'g} ;Totf / sfg"gLcfwf/ 5}g . l/6 lgj]bsx¿n] o; sfof{no;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ lbPsf] l/6 lgj]bgdfs'g} sfg"gL cfwf/ gePsf]n] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lhNnflzIff sfof{no, l;Gw'nLsf] tk{maf6 k|:t't x'gcfPsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgdf ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6pkl:yt ljåfg pkGofoflwjQmf >L /]jtL/fhlqkf7Ln] lhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf] u7g ug]{

;DaGwdf /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df ug]{eGg] Joj:yf ;DaGwL lzIff;DaGwL k|rlntsfg"gdf slxFst} gx'Fbf ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bssf]lgj]bg bfjL sfg"gdf cfwfl/t gePsf]n] vf/]hul/kfpFm egL jx; lhsL/ k|:t't ug'{eof] .

plNnlvt jx; lhsL/ ;'Gg'sf cltl/Qmldl;n ;+nUg k|df0f sfuhx¿sf] cWoog u/Llgj]bssf] dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g ;S5;Sb}g ;f]xL ljifodf x]/L lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvof] .

@= o;df ljkIfLx¿n] tLg k|d'v/fhgLlts bn dfqsf] ;xeflutf / cGo/fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ jfx]s u/LPsnf}6L ¿kdf lhNnfleq sfo{/t ;a}/fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;xdlt j]u/ lhNnf lzIff;ldltdf ;b:ox¿ dgf]gLt ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]xF'bf sfg"gL Joj:yf ljk/Ltsf] pQm lg0f{opTk|]if0fsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L ab/ u/L k|rlntsfg"gL Joj:yf k|lts"n gx'g] u/L k'gM lhNnflzIff ;ldltsf] u7g ug' { u/fpg' egLljkIfLx¿sf gfpFdf k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFmeGg] lgj]bssf] d'Vo lgj]bg lhsL/ b]lvG5 .lzIff P]g, @)@* / lzIff lgodfjnL, @)%(df Joj:yf ePadf]lhd g} lhNnf lzIff ;ldltdf;b:ox¿ dgf]gLt ul/Psf] x'Fbf lgj]bssf] lgj]bglhsL/ em"7f xf] dfu adf]lhd cfb]z hf/Lug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5}g eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfLx¿sf]tk{maf6 lnlvt hjfkm k|:t't ePsf] b]lvG5 .cj lgj]bssf] dfusf ;DaGwdf k|rlnt sfg"gLJoj:yf x]bf{{ lzIff P]g, @)@* sf] bkmf !! dflhNnf leqsf ljBfnosf] /]vb]v / Joj:yfkgug]{ sfd ;d]tsf] nflu lhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf]u7g;DaGwL Joj:yf eO{/x]sf] b]lvG5 . pQmbkmfsf] pkbkmf -@_ df s:tf s:tf JolQmx¿pQm ;ldltdf /xg ;S5g\ eGg] ;DaGwdf


17001700170017001700

;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf] of]Uotf tf]lslbPsf]b]lvG5 .

#= lhNnf lzIff ;ldltn] k]z u/]sf]lnlvt hjfkmdf klg lhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf]u7g ug]{ ;Gbe{df /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;xdlt/ s'g} e"ldsf /xg] eGg] ;DaGwdf sfg"gdf:ki6 Joj:yf gePsf] / ul7t lhNnf lzIff;ldltdf sfg"gadf]lhd g} ;b:ox¿ dgf]gLtul/Psf] 5 eGg] b]lvG5 . l/6 lgj]bsn] ;f];ldltsf ] u7g ubf { lhNnfdf sfo {/t/fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;j{blno a}7s 8fSgkg]{ ;DaGwdf k|rlnt lzIff;DaGwL sfg"gLJoj:yfdf of] o:tf] Joj:yf /x]sf] / ;f]Joj:yfsf] cg'z/0f ljkIfLx¿af6 gul/Psf]eGg] ;DaGwdf sfg"g ;d]t b]vfO{ :ki6;Ful/6 lgj]bgdf bfjL lng ;s]sf] b]lvb}g .k|rngdf /x]sf] lzIff;DaGwL P]g lgoddf;d]t To:tf] lsl;dsf] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvb}g .ljBfnox¿ eg]sf 1fg cfh{g ug{] kljqp2 ]Zon ] :yf lkt z } lI fs ; +:Y f f x 'g .pko'Qmtfsf] b[li6 ;d]taf6 o:tf ;+:yfsf]/]vb]v Pj+ Joj:yfkg lhNnf leqsf :jtGqPj+ k|fl1s JolQmx¿af6 g} x'g plrt /;fGble{s ;d]t x'G5 .

$= z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿nfO{ /fhgLltsIf]qaf6 d'Qm /fvL /fhgLlts lqm8f:yn aGglbgaf6 d'Qm /fVg' kg]{ /fHosf] st{Jo ;d]txf] . 1fg cfh{g ug]{ u/fpg] kljq p2]Zon]:yflkt ljBfnox¿sf] /]vb]v / Joj:yfkgug{ u7g x'g] lhNnf lzIff ;ldltdf ;b:ox¿dgf]gLt ubf{ /fhgLlts JolQmx¿sf] eGbf:jtGq JolQmx¿s} e"ldsfnfO{ dxTjk"0f {dflgG5 . ljkIfLaf6 lhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf]u7gsf] nflu ;b:ox¿ dgf]gLt ubf{{ lhNnfleq

sfo{/t /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;j{blno a}7saf]nfO{ /fhgLlts ;xdltsf cfwf/df lhNnflzIff ;ldltsf] u7g gu/]sf] sf/0faf6cfkm " x¿sf ] ; + ljwfg k |bQ j }o lQms:jtGqtfcGtu{t ljrf/ / cleJolQmsf ]:jtGqtf,s'g} k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u / Jofkf/ug]{ :jtGqtfsf] ckx/0f x'gfsf] ;fy} ;dfgtf/ ;DklQ ;DaGwL ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL xssf]pNn+3g ePsf] eGg] l/6 lgj]bg bfjL s'g}sfg"gdf cfwfl/t geO{ s]jn /fhgLlts OR5fk"lt{ ug]{ s'l07t clenfiff jfx]s c? s]xL/x]sf] eGg] b]lvb}g .

%= ctM k|rlnt lzIff;DaGwL sfg"gLJoj:Yffadf]lhd g} lhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf;b:ox¿ dgf]gLt ul/Psf] eGg] ljkIfLx¿sf]lnlvt hjfkmaf6 b]lvPsf] / /fhgLltsbnx¿sf] ;xdltdf dfq} lhNnf lzIff;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ dgf]gLt ug{'kg]{ sfg"gLafWotf ;d]t gePsf] cj:yfdf pQm ;ldltsf;b:ox¿ dgf]gLt ug]{ u/L ljkIfLaf6 ePsf]ldlt @)^&.)&.@( sf ] lg0f {on] cfˆgf ];+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL xsdf cf3ft k/]sf]eGg] l/6 lgj]bssf] bfjL sfg"gdf cfwfl/tgeO{ lg/y{s xF'bf vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . bfo/Lsf]nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L j'emfO{lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=e/t/fh pk|]tL

;+jt @)^( ;fn ebf} !@ ut] /f]h # z'ed\ ===Ohnf; clws[t M jfj'/fd ;'j]bL

&&&&&

17011701170117011701

*(@@ –*(@@ –*(@@ –*(@@ –*(@@ – hglxt ;+/If0f d~r -k|f]=klJns_ ;d]t lj=dlGqkl/ifb\ sfof{no ;d]t

lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(@@*(@@*(@@*(@@*(@@

;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L lu/Lz rGb| nfndfggLo GofofwLz >L j}Bgfy pkfWofo

@)^#–WO–)@!*cfb]z ldltM @)^(.*.!@.#

ljifo M k/dfb]z .

lgj]bsM hglxt ;+/If0f d~r -k|f]=klJns_ sftkm{af6 clwsf/k|fKt / cfˆgf] xsdf;d]t sf=lh=sf=d=g=kf= j8f g+= !$s'n]Zj/ a:g] clwjQmf k|sfzdl0f zdf{;d]t

lj?4ljkIfLM k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no,

;d]t

§ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿af6 pTkfbg x'g]xflgsf/s kmf]x/ / 3/ jf sfof{nox¿af6pTkfbg x'g] ;fdfGo kmf]x/ Ps} 7fpFdfe08f/0f tyf lj;h{g ugf{n] ;Dk"0f{kmf]xf]/ xflgsf/s x'g hfG5 / o;nfO{Joj:yfkg ug{ emg} sl7g x'g hfG5 .To;}n] :jf:Yo ;++:yfsf] kmf]x/d}nfJoj:yfkg ubf{ ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{;fdfGo / xflgsf/s kmf]x/d}nfnfO{ o;sf]pTkGg x'g] ;|f]tdf g} 5'6\ofO{ eidLs/0fu/L Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=*_§ c:ktfn, :jf:y s]Gb| Pj+ gl;{Ë xf]d

;d]tnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ To:tf :jf:y

;+:yfx¿af6 lg;[t x'g] kmf]x/ d}nfsf]Joj:yfkgsf] bfloTj To:tf ;+:yfx¿;d]t pk/ nufpg' kg]{ .

§ :jf:y ;+:yfaf6 lgisg] kmf]x/x¿nfO{;+qmldt / c;+qmldt u/L b'O{ efudf5'6\ofO{ ;+qmldt kmf]xf]/ c6f]Sn]e d]l;gdf/fv]/ lgd{nLs/0f u/L ls6f0f'/lxtePkl5 c? kmf]x/df ld;fO{ Nof08lkmn;fO6df k7fpg ] bf loTj To:tf;+:yfx¿sf] x'G5 . cfkm"n] cfh{g u/]sf]d'gfkmfsf] s]xL k|ltzt kmf]x/ d}nfsf]Joj:yfkgsf] nflu clgjfo{¿kdf vr{ug{ nufpg' ;d]t Gofof]lrt x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!)_

lgj]bsx¿sf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf/fh'k|;fb rfkfufO{

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf ls/0fkf}8]n

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf]

wf/f @^-$_§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f !^-!_, #%-%_§ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf

&, @$§ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf]

lgod #

cfb]zGof=lu/Lz rGb| nfnM tTsfnLg g]kfn

clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f @#÷**-@_ adf]lhd o; cbfntsf] c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q


17021702170217021702

cGtu{t kg{ cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKttYo Pj+ cfb]z o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 M—

xfdL lgj ]bs nufotsf g ]kfnLgful/ssf] :jR5 jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg]clwsf/sf] Jojxfl/s k|Tofe"lt x'g ;Sg]jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug'{kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] ljkIfLaf6;f] st{Josf] oyf]lrt\ kfngf x'g g;s]sf]af6pQm df}lns clwsf/df g} ;+s6 kl//x]sf] 5 .hg:jf:Yo Pj+ kof{j/0fsf nflu cToGtxflgsf/s dflgg] lrlsT;fhGo kmf]x/ (Medical

Westage) sf] Joj:yfkgsf] cefjdf :jR5jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ g} vt/fdfk5{ . lrlsT;fhGo / kof{j/0fLo ;+/If0f lbgk | lt lbg lrlsT;fhGo km f ] x/d }n fsf ]cJoj:yfkgsf] lzsf/ aGb} u} /x]sf] 5 eg]lbgfg'lbg lrlsT;f ;+:yfx¿ a[l4 x'Fb} u}/x]sf]5 . csf]{tkm{ To:tf ;+:yfx¿af6 pT;lh{t x'g]kmf]x/sf] Joj:yfkg x'g g;Sbf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿g} ck|ToIf ¿kdf :jf:Yo ;d:of l;h{gf ug{of]ubfg k'¥ofO{ /x]sf] oyfy{tf x'Fbf pkrf/sf]qmddf of /f]u lgbfg ubf{ k|of]uzfnfaf6pT;lh{t x'g] ls6f0f'o'Qm clt g} xflgsf/skmf]x/sf sf/0f ljleGg ;+qmfds /f]ux¿ km}lng;Sg] x'G5 . z/L/sf] s'g} efuaf6 lg:sg] /ut,kLknufotsf kmf]x/x¿ ;+qmfds kmf]x/df kg]{,pkrf/sf] qmddf k|of]udf NofOg] ljleGg k|sf/sfl;of], rSs', s}+rL, kQL Pj+ km'6]sf sfFr tyflzzfx¿ wfl/nf kmf]x/cGtu{t kg]{, cf}iflwk;n, c:ktfn tyf cf}iflw pBf]u ;d]taf6pT;lh{t x'g] Dofb gf3]sf ljiffQm tyf k|of]ugePsf, ld;fj6 ePsf cf}iflwx¿, EoflS;gtyf cf}iflwhGo pTkfbgx¿ cf}iflwhGo kmf]x/cGtu{t kg]{, pkrf/ tyf /f]u lgbfgsf qmddfljleGg /f;folgs kbfy{x¿sf] k|of]usf qmddf

pT;lh{t x'g] emf]n tyf UofF;hGo /f;folgskbfy{ Pj+ hgf]6lS;s cf}iflw tyf /;fogx¿/f;folgs kmf]x/cGtu{t kb{5g\ .

pkrf/sf] qmddf k|of]u ul/g] ljleGgwft'hGo cf}hf/x¿, km'6]sf tyf efFlrPsfrLhj:t'x¿, Uof F; l;ln08/ nufotsfkmf]x/x¿ wft'hGo kmf]x/ cGtu{t kb{5g\ .ef/tsf] a}Ënf]/sf] Po/kmf];{sf] Command

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ljkIfL lgj]bsx¿n] o; dGqfnosf] s]s:tf] sfdsf/jfxLaf6 lghx¿sf] s] s:tf] xsxgg\ x'g uPsf] xf] < ;f]sf] pNn]v ug{ ;Sg'ePsf] 5}g . o; dGqfnosf] sfdsf/jfxLaf6lgj]bssf] s'g} klg xs xgg\ gePsf]n] ljkIfLlgj]bsx¿n] lbPsf] cfwf/xLg lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] g]kfn ;/sf/,:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnosf] lnlvthjfkm .

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:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%%cg';f/ :yfgLo lgsfox¿ ;Ifd / :jtq 5g .

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>L /fh'k|;fb rfkfufO{n] lrlsT;fhGo kmf]x/d}nfsf] Joj:yfkg gePsf] sf/0f hg:jf:Yo /kof{j/0fLo ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] 5 . ;DdfgLtcbfntsf] cfb]zfg';f/ ul7t ;ldltn] lbPsf]k|ltj]bg ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ lrlsT;fhGokmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL 5'§} lgodfjnL agfO{nfu' ug'{ egL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfpFdf k/dfb]zsf]cfb]z hf/L ul/of];\ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jx;k|:t't ug'{eof] .

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plNnlvt ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gLJoj:yfaf6 jftfj/0f ;+/If0f tyf hg:jf:Yok|lt/fHo ;+a]bgzLn /xg'kg]{ s'/fdf ljjfb b]lvFb}g .

%= jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# sf]bkmf @$ cg';f/ ag]sf] jftfj/0f ;+/If0flgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] lgod # ;Fu ;DalGwtcg';"rL @ sf] v08 -P]_ b]xfo $-u_ adf]lhdsDtLdf @% z}of ePsf] :jf:Yo s]Gb| jf c:ktfnjf gl;{ª xf]daf6 lg:sg] h}ljs 3fts kbfy{x¿sf]clGtd lgisfzg Joj:yfkg ug]{ u/L jftfj/0fk|efj d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf;d]t ePsf]kfOG5 .

^= plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yf adf]lhdc:ktfn, :jf:y s]Gb| tyf gl;{Ë xf]dx¿af6lg;[t x'g] xflgsf/s lrlsT;fhGo kmf]x/ d}nfsf]Joj:yfkgsf] nflu sd k|b"if0fo'Qm k|ljlwtyf pkfox¿ cjnDag u/L s8fO{sf ;fynfu" u/]sf] cj:yf b]lvb}g . g]kfn ;/sf/,:jf:y tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnon] c:ktfn,:jf:y s]Gb| tyf gl;{Ë xf]dx¿ :yfkgf ug{:jLs[t lbg'k"j{ k|f/lDes ¿kdf jftfj/0fk|efj d"NofÍg u/L btf{sf] :jLs[lt lbg] /;f] adf]lhdsf] dfkb08 k"/f gu/]sf :jf:Yo;+:yfx¿sf] gjLs/0f gug]{ tyf xflgsf/slrlsT;fhGo kmf]x/ d}nfsf] Joj:yfkgdfnfk/jfxL ug]{ / ;/sf/n] lgdf{0f u/L nfu"u/]sf] lgodfjnL Pj+ gLlt, lgb]{zgsf] kfngfeP gePsf ] ;DaGwdf cg 'udg tyfd"NofÍg;d]t ePsf] cj:yf b]lvb}+g . g]kfn;/sf/, :jf:y tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnosf]lnlvt hjfkm ;d]taf6 plNnlvt sfg"gLJoj:yf adf]lhd :jf:y ;+:yfaf6 lgisfzgx'g] kmf]x/d}nfaf6 hg:jf:y tyf jftfj/0fdfkg { ;Sg ] k |efjsf ] plrt d "NofÍg /

Go"gLs/0fsf] Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] eg] pNn]vug{ ;s]sf] cj:yf b]lvb}g .

&= cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)$( n]:jf:Yo ;+:yf, gl;{Ë xf]d, lzIf0f Pj+ k|lzIf0f;+:yf / k|of]uzfnf h:tf Joj;fox¿nfO{ ;]jfpBf]usf] ¿kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . o:tfpBf]ux¿sf] btf{ P+j To:tf ;+:yfx¿nfO{;/sf/af6 k|bfg ul/g] ;'lawfx¿sf] ;DaGwdfpNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o; P]gn] cf}Bf]lus k|j4{gaf]8{sf] u7gsf] Joj:yf ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . ;f]af]8{nfO{ jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yodf c;/ x'gglbg hf]8 lbO{ jftfj/0f k|b"if0fnfO{ lgoGq0fug]{ pkfo Pj+ Joj:yf c+lusf/ ug{ nufpg]sfo{ ;d]t ;l'DkPsf] kfOG5 .

*= ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/, k|wfgdGqLtyf dlGqkl/ifb\ ;d]tsf] tkm{af6 pkl:ytljåfg ;x–GofoflwjQmfn] ax;sf] s|ddf g]kfn;/sf/n] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL /fli6«ogLlt, @)%# tyf :jf:y ;+:yfhGo kmf]x/d}nfJoj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf, @)^% ;d]t lgdf{0f u/Lnfu" u/]sf] 5 egL lhsL/ lnPtfklg :jf:y;+:yfhGo kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu pQmgLlt, lgb]{lzsf k|of{Kt / k|efjsf/L ¿kdfsfo{fGogdf cfPsf] b]lvb}g . ;fdfGotof :jf:Yo;+:yfx¿af6 pTkfbg x'g] xflgsf/s kmf]x/ /3/ jf sfof{nox¿af6 pTkfbg x'g] ;fdfGokmf]x/ Ps} 7fpFdf e08f/0f tyf lj;h{g ugf{n];Dk"0f{ kmf]xf]/ xflgsf/s x'g hfG5 / o;nfO{Joj:yfkg ug{ emg} sl7g x'g hfG5 . To;}n]:jf:Yo ;++:yfsf] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ubf{;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ ;fdfGo / xflgsf/skmf]x/d}nfnfO{ o;sf] pTkGg x'g] ;|f]tdf g}5'6\ofO{ eidLs/0f u/L Joj:yfkg ug'{ cfjZosx'G5 .


17081708170817081708

(= :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿af6 lg:sg]kmf]x/j:t'x¿df la/fdLsf] /ut, lkk, z/L/sfc+unufotsf kmf]x/x¿sf] ;fy} ljiffQm tyfDofb gf3]sf cf }iflwx¿, EoflS;g tyf/;folgs kbfy{ cflb ;+qmfds kmf]x/cGtu{tkb{5g\ . o:tf kmf]x/x¿ hg:jf:ysf] nfluclt g} xflgsf/s dflgG5g . o:tf kmf]x/j:t'x¿af6 c:ktfndf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lx¿,kmf]x/df ;+nUg x'g] sfdbf/x¿df ;+qmfds/f]u ;g{ ;Sg] x'G5 . To;}n] o:tf ;d'bfo;b}j hf]lvddf /x]sf x'G5g . Ps k6s k|of]uu/L kmflnPsf l;l/Ghx¿ kmf]x/af6 ;+sNgu/]/ k'gM k|of]u ug]{ ;Defjgf klg x'G5 .h;n] ubf{ x]kf6fOl6;, Pr=cfO{=eL= l66fg;h:tf k|f0f3fts ;?jf /f]ux¿ ;g]{ / km}ng];+efjgf klg Tolts} /x]sf] 5 . :jf:y;+:yfx¿af6 pT;{lht x'g] o:tf xflgsf/skmf]x/d}nfsf] oyf]lrt Joj:yfkg gu/]sf]cj:yfdf hg:jf:y Pj+ jftfj/0fdf ;d]tk|lts"n c;/ kg{ hfG5 . b]zsf d'Vozx/x¿df hyfefjL vf]lnPsf c:ktfn,:jf:y s]Gb| P+j gl;{Ë xf]dx¿n] To:tfkmf]x/x¿sf] pko'Qm Joj:yfkg gu/L c:ktfnkl/;/ Pj+ gu/kflnsfsf] kmf ]x/ kmfNg]sG6]g/x¿df g} hyfefjL kmfNg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .h;sf] sf/0f ;fdfGo kmf]x/ klg xflgsf/skmf ]x/df kl/0ft x'g uO{ hg:jf:y P+jjftfj/0fdf g} k|ToIf c;/ k'Ug uPsf] kfOG5 .

!)= ctM hg:jf:Yo Pj+ kof{j/0fsfnflu cToGt xflgsf/s dflgg] lrlsT;fhGokmf ]x/ (Medical waste) sf] Joj:yfkgsf];DaGwdf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ ;d]t ;r]tu/fpg' clt cfjZos 5 . To;} u/L c:ktfn,

:jf:y s]Gb| Pj+ gl;{Ë xf]d ;d]tnfO{ lhDd]jf/agfO{ To:tf :jf:y ;+:yfx¿af6 lg;[t x'g]kmf]x/ d}nfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] bfloTj To:tf;+:yfx¿ ;d]t pk/ nufpg' kb{5 . cfkm\gf]:jf:y ;+:yfaf6 lgisg] kmf]x/x¿nfO{ ;+qmldt/ c;+qmldt u/L b'O{ efudf 5'6\ofO{ ;+qmldtkmf]xf]/ c6f]Sn]e d]l;gdf /fv]/ lgd{nLs/0fu/L ls6f0f'/lxt ePkl5 c? kmf]x/df ld;fO{Nof08lkmn ;fO6df k7fpg] bfloTj To:tf;+:yfx¿sf] x'G5 . cfkm"n] cfh{g u/]sf] d'gfkmfsf]s]xL k|ltzt kmf]x/ d}nfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] nfluclgjfo{¿kdf vr{ ug{ nufpg' ;d]t Gofof]lrtx'G5 .

!!= o; ;DaGwdf o; cbfntsf] ldlt@)^$.#.@( ut]sf] cfb]zfg';f/ lrlsT;fhGokmf]x/ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ul7t ;ldltn]@)^(.!.#! df g]kfn ;/sf/, :jf:Yo tyfhg;+Vof dGqfno dfkm{t\ a'emfPsf] k|ltj]bgdflgDg lnlvt l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] kfOG5 M—

!= !)) z}ofeGbf dflysf] c:ktfnx¿n]kmf]x/sf] ;|f]tdf g} kmf]x/ k[ysLs/0f k|0ffnLnfu" u/L kmf]x/sf] k|sf/cg';f/sf] WHO

sf] dfkb08cg';f/sf] Autoclave k|0ffnLaf6pkrf/ u/L kmf]x/sf] lj;h{g ug'{kg]{ .

@= demf}nf / ;fgf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿sf] xsdf;|f]tdf g} kmf]x/sf] k[ysLs/0f u/Lhf]lvdo'Qm ;+qmldt kmf]x/sf] nfludxfgu/, pkdxfgu/ / gu/kflnsfx¿dfPs s]Gb|Lo kmf]x/ pkrf/ Pj+ Joj:yfkgs]Gb| (Central Waste Treatment and

Management Center) :yfkgf u/L ;f]xLs]Gb|df ;Mz'Ns kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg ug]{

17091709170917091709


Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ / pQm s]Gb|n] WHO

sf] ;a} dfkb08cg';f/ Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ .

#= xfn tTsfn} sf7df8f}+ pkTosf leq Pp6fs]Gb|Lo kmf]x/ pkrf/ Pj+ Joj:yfkg s]Gb|(Central Waste Treatment Management

Center) tTsfn :yfkgf u/L pkTosfleqsf ;fgf demf}nf :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6-c:ktfn, lSnlgsx¿_ k|fKt kmf]x/x¿nfO{;+sng u/L s]Gb|Lo kmf]x/ pkrf/ Pj+Joj:yfkg s]Gb|df Joj:yfkg ug]{ Joj:yfldnfpg' kg]{ .

$= :yfkgf x'g] s]Gb|sf] ;~rfngsf] nflu;+:yfut e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] x'gfn]o;df g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;/f]sf/jfnflgsfox¿ :jf:Yo dGqfno, :yfgLoljsf; dGqfno, jftfj/0f dGqfno,lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno, pBf]udGqfno, lzIff dGqfno, kmf]x/ d}nfJoj:yfkg k|fljlws ;xof]u s]Gb|,dxfgu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsfnufotsf :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf ];+nUgtfdf o;nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ gLltlgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog / o;sf] cg'udgtyf d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;sf]g]t[TjbfjL e"ldsf / cGo lgsfox¿;Fusf];dGjofTds lqmofsnfknfO{ k|efjsf/LagfO{ c:ktfnhGo kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgug'{kg]{ bfloTj :jf:Yo tyf hg;+VofdGqfnosf] x'g' kg]{ .

%= xfn ljleGg c:ktfnx¿df eidLs/0foGqsf] k|of]u u/L kmf]x/ afNg] ul/cfPsf]df;f]af6 hg:jf:Yodf k|ToIf c;/ kg]{ ePsf]x'gfn] ;f] eidLs/0f oGqnfO{ qmlds ¿kdf

aGb u/L g]kfndf eidLs/0f oGqsf]k|of]unfO{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ / e}/x]sf]eidLs/0f oGqsf] k|of]u ug'{ k/]df ;f]sf]u'0f:t/ sfod u/]/ dfq ;~rfngdfNofpg' kg]{5 . ;f] eidLs/0f oGqsf]abnfdf WHO af6 cg'df]lbt jftfj/0fLod}qL u'0f:t/Lo c6f]Sn]e k|ljlwaf6 kmf]x/pkrf/ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yfnfO{ qmdzM ;a}:jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿df nfu" ub}{ hfg'kg]{ .

^= c:ktfnaf6 pTkfbg x'g] dfgj c+u k|To+utyf dfgj t+t'x¿nfO{ a}1flgs tl/sfaf6hnfpg] jf uf8\g] Joj:yf ldnfpg pko'QmJoj:yfsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/, :jf:Yotyf hg;+Vof dGqfnoaf6 cfjZos gLltlgdf{0f u/L tTsfn nfu" ug' {kg] { .tTsfnnfO{ o; k|sf/sf] kmf]x/x¿ lgliqmoagfO{ uf9\g] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

&= :jf:YohGo kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgsf] ;DaGwdfk |To ]s :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf jftfj/0fJoj:yfkg;DaGwL hgzlQm Pj+ zfvfsf]clgjfo{ Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ .

*= lrlsT;fhGo kmf]x/ p7fpg], 9'jfgL ug]{Pj + Joj:yfkg ug] { sfdbf/ tyfsd{rf/Lx¿sf] nflu cfjZos ;'/IffTds;fwgx¿ pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ bfloTj;DalGwt :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿sf] x'g' kb{5 .;fy} sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] hf]lvdGo"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;DalGwt :jf:Yo ;+:yfn]aLdf u/fpg' kg]{5 .

(= t/n, /]l8of]wdL{, x]eL d]6n Pj+ cf}iflwhGokmf]x/sf] Joj:yfkg pko'Qm jftfj/0fd}qLk|ljlwåf/f x'g'kg]{ .


17101710171017101710

!)= h]gf]6f]lS;s÷;fO{6f]6f]lS;s kmf]x/x¿pT;h{g ubf { lgliqmo u/fP/ dfqjftfj/0fd}qL tl/sfn] lj;h{g ug'{kg]{ .

!@= pQm k|ltj]bgnfO{ x ]bf { o;cbfntaf6 ul7t ;ldltdf ljkIfLdWo]sf g]kfn;/sf/, :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno / g]kfn;/sf/ jftfj/0f tyf k|ljlw dGqfno ;d]tsf]tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj eO{ plNnlvt l;kmfl/zk]z u/]sf] x' Fbf xflgsf/s lrlsT;fhGokmf]x/d}nfsf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;DaGwdfljkIfLx¿sf] ;d]t c;xdlt /x]sf] kfOb}g .:jR5 Pj+ :j:y jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfFpg]gful/ssf] df}lns xs ;+/If0f Pj+ hgtfsf]hLp Hofgsf] ;'/Iff u/L nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHosf]:yfkgf ug]{ k|d'v bfloTj ;/sf/sf] /x]sf]dfklg ljjfb b]lvFb}g .

!#= t;y{, g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# sf] wf/f !^-!_ cg';f/ k|To]s JolQmnfO{:jR5 jftfj/0fdf afFRg] xs x'g]5 egL df}lnsxssf] ¿kdf k|Tofe"lt ul/Psf] x'gfn] Psk6sk|of ]udf cfPsf l;l/Gh, Kof8, cfOeL;]6nufot /utsf] ;+qmd0f k/]sf kmf]x/hGoj:t' c6f]Sn]e d]lzgdf /fv]/ lgd{nLs/0fu/]kl5 dfq ls6f0f'/lxt x'g] x'Fbf hg:jf:YoPj+ kof{j/0fsf nflu cToGt xflgsf/s dflgg]lrlsT;fhGo kmf]xf]/ d}nfsf] ;+sng, 9'jfgL,juL{s/0f, kmf]x/ Go"gLs/0f, lgd{nLs/0f,lj;h{g tyf :jf:Yo ;'/Iffnufot kmf]x/Joj:yfkg;DaGwL dxTjk"0f{ ljifox¿nfO{;d]6\g] u/L jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# sf]bkmf @$ adf]lhd lrlsT;fhGo kmf]x/d}nfJoj:y fkg;DaGw L o; cbfntsf ]cfb]zfg'd;f/ ul7t ;ldltn] g]kfn ;/sf/

:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno ;dIf ldlt@)^(.!.#! df lbPsf] k|ltj]bg ;lxtsf]plNnlvt ;'emfjx¿ hgtfsf] :jf:Yo;Fuk|ToIf¿kn] ;DalGwt /x]sf] b]lvFbf oyf;DejrfF8} 5'§} lgodfjnL agfO{ nfu" ug'{ egLljkIfLdWo]sf g]kfn ;/sf/, jftfj/0f tyfk|ljlw dGqfno / g]kfn ;/sf/, :jf:y tyfhg;+Vof dGqfno ;d]tsf gfpFdf k/dfb]zsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g] 7x5{ . k|:t't cfb]zsf]hfgsf/L dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodfkm{t\ljkIfLx¿ / o; cbfntsf] km};nf sfof{Gjoglgb]{zgfno ;d]tnfO{ lbO{ bfo/Lsf] nut s§fu/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfO lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=j}Bgfy pkfWofo

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn d+l;/ !@ ut] /f]h # z'edOhnf; clws[t M xl/ sf]O/fnf

lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(@#*(@#*(@#*(@#*(@#

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L a}Bgfy pkfWofo)^%-CR-^)^

km};nf ldltM @)^(.^.!^.#

d'2f M– nfu" cf}ifw .

k'g/fj]bs jfbLM Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no, O6x/Lsfk|=gf=lg=;'efif /fO{sf] k|ltj]bgn] g]kfn;/sf/

&&&&&

17111711171117111711

*(@# –*(@# –*(@# –*(@# –*(@# – g]kfn ;/sf/ lj=ch'{g ef]6] eGg] hLtaxfb'/

lj?4k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLM lhNNff ;'g;/L xfF;kf];f

uf=lj=;=j8f g+=@ a:g] ch'{g ef]6] eGg]hLtaxfb'/ vqL

z'? km};nf ug]{Mdf=Gof=>L nLnfk|;fb uf}td

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug]{Mdf=Gof=>L bLkss'df/ sfsL{df=Gof=>L s]bf/k|;fb rfnL;]

§ ;]jg k|of]hgnfO{ vl/b ug]{ / ljqmLlat/0f ug]{nfO{ vl/b x'g] cj:yf5'6\ofpg nfu" cf}ifwsf] kl/df0fnfO{x]l/g'kg]{ x'G5 . ;]jg k|of]hgsf] nfluPs b'O{ 8f]h;Ddsf] nflu vl/b x'g] x'Fbfa/fdb nfu" cf}ifw cToflws dfqfdfb]lvPsf]n] ;]jg;Ddsf] nflu vl/b u/]sf]xf] eGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ s'g} rLh j:t' ;Fu ;fydf km]nf kg'{ jf

;f] rLhj:t' s;};Fu /x]sf] s'/f :yflktx'g' tYout k|Zg xf], ;a} tYout ljifos;"/ jf ck/fw x'g g;Sg] .

§ s'g} k|ltalGwt j:t' s;}sf] ;fyaf6km]nf kg'{ g} cfk/flws sfo{ -Corpus

delicti_ u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] dflgg]k|s[ltsf ck/fw h;nfO{ Possessory

crime elgG5, To:tf ck/fwdfcfk/flws sfo{ :yflkt ePkl5 lgbf]{liftfk|dfl0ft ug]{ ef/ k|ltjfbLsf] x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_k'g/fj]bs jfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf

/]jtL/fh lqkf7L

k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbL tkm{af6McjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f P]g, @)## sf]

bkmf $-3_, -ª_, !$-!_-em_

km};nf Gof=j}Bgfy pkfWofoM Gofo k|zf;g P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf ( cg';f/ o;} cbfntsf]If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYoPj+ 7x/ o; k|sf/ 5 M–

lhNnf ;'g;/L xfF;kf];f uf=lj=;=j8fg+=@ l:yt k"j{df af6f], klZrddf vfnL hUuf,pQ/ blIf0f af6f] otL $ lsNnfleq k|ltjfbLch'{g ef]6] eGg] hLtaxfb'/ vqLsf] ;fyaf6nfu" cf}ifw gfO6«f]hg 6\ofjn]6 yfg !@), sf]/]S;–& af]tn / :ofdf] k|f]S;Leg SofK;"n yfg *a/fdb ePsf] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] a/fdbLd'r'Nsf .

ldlt @)^#.!).!& ut] laxfg * ah]sf];dodf xfF;kf];f uf=lj=;=j8f g+=@ df ch'{gef]6] eGg] hLtaxfb'/ vqLn] nfu" cf}ifwsf] sf/f]jf/u/]sf] 5 eGg] uf]Ko ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df d]/f]sdf08df v6L uPsf] u:tL k|x/L 6f]nLn] lghnfO{nfu" cf}ifw af]sL /x]sf] cj:yfdf lgoGq0fdflnO{ a/fdbL d'r'Nsf;fy k]z u/]sf] 5' . cfjZossf/jfxL ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k|=gf=lg=;'efif /fO{sf] k|ltj]bg .

ldlt @)^#.!).!& ut] dnfO{ k|x/Ln]kqmfp u/L a/fdbL d'r'Nsfdf plNnlvt kl/0ffdsf]nfu" cf}ifw d]/f] ;fyaf6 a/fdb u/]sf] xf] . pQmnfu" cf}ifwx¿ dWo] sf]/]S;sf] ef/tdf ?=().–oxfF ?=!%).– b]lv ?=@)).– ;Dd / gfO6f]«hg6\ofjn]6 / :ofdf]k|f]S;Leg ef/tdf ?=#.– oxfF


17121712171217121712

?=%.– sf] b/n] ljqmL ub{5' eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k|ltjfbL ch'{g ef]6] eGg] hLtaxfb'/ vqLsf]k|x/L ;dIf ePsf] aofg sfuh .

k|ltjfbL hLtaxfb'/ vqL ef8fdf a:g]u/]sf] 3/sf] sf]7f vfgtnf;L ubf{ nfu" cf}ifwd'2fsf] k|df0fdf nfUg] s'g} klg lrhj:t' km]nfgk/]sf] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] 3/ vfgtnf;Ld'r'Nsf .

ldlt @)^#.!).!& ut]sf lbg ljxfg* ah]sf] ;dodf xfF;kf];f j8f g+=@ df ch'{gef]6] eGg] hLtaxfb'/ vqLnfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfpu/L lghsf] z/L/ tnf;L lnFbf gfO{6«f]hg 6\ofjn]6!@), sf]/]S; & af]tn / :ofdf]k|f]S;Leg Sofk;"n* yfg a/fdb u/]sf] xf] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]:yfgLo JolQm w'|j tfdfË, hf]luGb| lnDa" / lbg]zu'?ªn] n]vfO{ lbPsf] j:t'l:ylt d'r'Nsf .

a/fdbL d'r'Nsfdf plNnlvt nfu"cf}ifw;fy k|ltjfbL ch'{g ef]6] eGg] hLtaxfb'/vqL kqmfpF k/]sf] eGg] s'/f ;'g]sf] x'F . lghn];f] nfu" cf}ifw cfkm} klg ;]jg ug]{ u/]sf] ;'g]sLx'F eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] a'lemPsL JolQm xl/dfofagsf] sfuh .

d]/f] :yfoL jtg 5}g . d]/f] hDdf ef]hk'/;fnjf uf=lj=;=j8f $ cGtu{t ePsf] xf] eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL ch'{g ef]6] eGg]hLtaxfb'/ vqLsf] aofg sfuh .

;+slnt ;a"b k|df0fx¿af6 lj?4 v08dfplNnlvt k|ltjfbL ch'{g ef]6] eGg] hLtaxfb'/vqLsf ;fyaf6 ldlt @)^#.!).!& ut]sf lbglhNnf ;'g;/L xfF;kf];f uf=lj=;=j8f g+=@cGtu{t k|x/L u:tL 6f]nLn] lgh k|ltjfbLsf]z/L/ vfgtnf;L ubf{ lgif]lwt nfu" cf}ifwgfO{6«f]hg 6\ofjn]6 !@) yfg sf]/]S; & af]tn/ :ofdf]k|f]S;Leg & SofK;"n a/fdb ePsf]n] ;f]

nfu" cf}ifw sdfpg] p2]Zon] lgh k|ltjfbLn]ef/tsf] hf]uagLaf6 vl/b u/L xfF;kf];fdf k}7f/Lu/L ljqmL ljt/0fsf nflu ;fj{hlgs rf]sdfa;]sf] cj:yfdf kqmfp k/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf]x'Fbf lgh k|ltjfbLsf] ;f] sfo{ nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0fP]g, @)## sf] bkmf $-3_ / -ª_ sf] lgif]lwts;"/ x'Fbf lgh k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf!$-!_-em_ adf]lhd ;hfo ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] cleof]u bfjL .

d lj/f6gu/sf] hubLzsf] df]6/Uof/]hdf sfd ug]{ x'Fbf ldlt @)^#.!).!& ut]Uof/]hdf sfd u/L kms]{/ 8]/ftkm{ xfF;kf];f @df hfFb} ubf{ k|x/Ln] dnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] xf] .a/fdbL d'r'Nsfdf plNnlvt nfu" cf}ifwx¿k|x/Ln] daf6 a/fdb u/]sf] xf]Og . k|x/Ln] s]sxfFaf6 NofP dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . klxn] d]/f]5ftL ;DjGwL lj/fdL x'Fbf ef/t l;nu'8Lsf]8fS6/n] vfg' eg]sf] x'Fbf vfg] ub{yf] . lajfxu/]kl5 ;f] bafO{ klg vfg 5f]8]sf] 5' . gfO6«f]hg/ :kfef]k|f]S;Leg vfg] u/]sf] 5}g . k|x/L ;dIfePsf] d]/f] aofg Joxf]/f dnfO{ k9L g;'gfO{s'6kL6 u/L kl5 ;xL u/fPsf] xf] . d nfu"kbfy{ ljqmL ulb{g . j:t'l:ylt d'r'Nsfdf a:g]JolQmx¿sf] Joxf]/f em"7f xf] . xl/dfof jg;d]tsf] sfuh Joxf]/f em"7f xf] . d nfu" cf}ifw;]jg cf];f/k;f/ / ljqmL ;d]t ulb{g . dpk/sf] cleof]u bfjL em"7f xf] eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL ch'{g ef]6] eGg] hLtaxfb'/vqLsf] cbfnt ;dIf ePsf] aofg .

oL k|ltjfbLn] z'? cbfnt;dIf OGsf/Laofg u/]sf] eP tfklg ldl;n ;+nUg a/fdbLd'r'Nsf, clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIfsf] s;"/ck/fwnfO{ :jLsf/L u/]sf] lghsf] aofg sfuhPj+ j:t'l:ylt d'r'Nsfdf a:g] JolQmsf] Joxf]/f

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;d]taf6 xfn oL k|ltjfbL s;"/bf/ xf]Ogg\ eGg;lsg] cj:yf gb]lvFbf kl5 k|df0f a'em\b} hfFbf7x/]adf]lhd x'g] u/L xfn oL k|ltjfbL ch'{gef]6] eGg] hLtaxfb'/ vqLnfO{ c=j+=!!* -@_tyf ljz]if cbfnt P]g, @)%( sf] bkmf & -s_adf]lhd d'2f k"k{If lgldQ y'gfdf /fVg" eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] cfb]zfg';f/ lgh k|ltjfbLsf/fuf/ zfvf, df]/Ëdf y'gfdf /x]sf] .

a/fdbL nfu" cf}ifw sf]/]S;df sf]l8gkm:km]8, :ofef]k|f]S;Leg SofK;"ndf gf/sf]l6s /gfO6«f]hg 6\ofAn]6df gfO6«f]h]kfdsf] tTj kfOPsf]eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] s]Gb|Lo k|x/L ljlwlj1fgk|of]uzfnf, sf7df8f}Fsf lrlsT;sn] ul/lbPsf]k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ldl;n ;fd]n /x]sf] .

cfb]zfg';f/ jfbLsf] ;fIfL k|ltj]bs ;'efif/fO{ / k|ltjfbLsf ;fIfL s'zfg tfdfËsf] askqe} ldl;n ;+nUg /x]sf] .

oL k|ltjfbLn] nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g,@)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -5_ sf] ;]jg;Ddsf] s;"/ ck/fw u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] x'FbfP]=P]gsf] bkmf !$-!_-h_ adf]lhd @-b'O{_ dlxgfs}b / ?=@))).–-b'O{xhf/_ h/Ljfgf x'g] 7x5{eGg] z'? ;'g;/L lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt@)^$.*.^ sf] km};nf .

k|ltjfbLn] hf]uagLaf6 vl/b u/L ;fydf/fv]sf] cj:yfdf lghaf6 a/fdb nfu" cf}ifwljqmL ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu hfFb} ubf{ k|ltjfbLsf;fyaf6 kqmfp k/L cleof]u dfu bfjL adf]lhdk|ltjfbLn] s;"/ u/]sf] s'/f k'i6L eO{/x]sf] ljBdfgcj:yfdf s]jn ;]jg dfq 7x/ u/L k|ltjfbLnfO{sd ;hfo ug]{ u/L ePsf] z'? cbfntsf] km};nfq'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ;f] km};nf ab/ u/L k|ltjfbLnfO{cleof]u bfjLadf]lhd ;hfo ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ .

k|ltjfbLjf6 a/fdb nfu" cf}ifwsf] k|s[ltcg';f/sf] kl/0ffdnfO{ 7"nf] dfqf dfGg ;lsg]cj:yf b]lvPg . k|ltjfbLaf6 a/fdb x'Fb}df nfu"cf}ifwsf] ljqmL ljt/0f ;d]t u/]sf] eGg klgldNb}g . nfu" cf}ifwsf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{, ;+u7g jflu/f]x ePsf] klg 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdfk|ltjfbLnfO{ nfu" cf}ifwsf] ;]jg;Ddsf] s;"/bf/7x¥ofO{ ePsf] ldlt @)^(.*.^ sf] z'? ;'g;/LlhNnf cbfntsf] lg0f{o dgfl;j g} b]lvbf;b/ x'G5 . jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k'g/fj]bglhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g eGg] k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/sf] ldlt @)^%.!).!@ ut]sf] km};nf .

cbfntdf aofg ubf{ a/fdb ePsf] nfu"cf}ifw cfkm"af6 a/fdb ePsf] 5}g eg] klg;f]sf] k|df0f k|ltjfbLn] k'¥ofpg ;s]sf] kfOb}g . lghaf6 a/fdb ePsf] nfu" cf}ifwnfO{ Go"gdfqfsf] eGg ldNb}g . lghaf6 ljleGg lsl;dsf]nfu" cf}ifw a/fdb ePsf] / ;]jgdf lghn]lhsL/ g} glnPsf] cj:yfdf lg0f{ostf{n]cfTdlgi7 cfwf/df ;]jg u/]sf] elg 7x/ u/]sf]km};nf ldl;n ;+nUg ;Dk"0f{ k|df0f sfuhsf]k|lts"n e} q'l6k"0f{ 5 .

k|ltjfbLn] nfu" cf}ifw ljqmL ub}5g\eGg] ;"rgf kfPsf] sf/0fn] kqmfp ug{ uPsf]x'F egL k|ltj]bs ;'efif /fO{n] cbfntdf jskqu/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLn] nfu" cf}ifw vl/bu/L ljqmL ug]{ u/]sf] k|ltj]bssf] k|ltj]bg,jskq, k|ltjfbLsf ] ;fljtL, j:t'l:yltd'r'Nsfsf JolQmx¿ / xf;kf];f uf=lj=;= sf$& hgf 6f]njf;L gful/ssf] egfOaf6 k'i6Le}/x]sf] b]lvbfF nfUg} g;Sg] nfu" cf}ifw-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf !$-!_ -h_k|of]u u/L u/]sf] km};nfdf sfg"gL q'l6 ePsf]n]pQm km};nf ab/ u/L k|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]u


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bfjL adf]lhd ;hfo ul/kfpFm . ctM k'g/fj]bgcbfnt lj/f6gu/sf] km};nfdf Gofo k|zf;gP]g,@)$* sf] bkmf !@-!_ -s_ sf] cj:yfljBdfg /x]sf]n] z'? cleof]u bfjL adf]lhdu/L kfpg ;DdfgLt cbfnt ;dIf ;fb/cg'/f]w ul/G5 eGg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6o; cbfntdf k/]sf] d'2f bf]xf¥ofO{ x]l/kfpFmeGg] lgj]bg .

o;df k|ltjfbLn] df}sfdf ljqmL ug{sfnflu NofPsf] egL /fv]sf] / cbfntdf ;d]t;]jg ug{ NofPsf] eGg g;s]sf] cj:yfdflghnfO{ a/fdb nfu" cf}ifwtkm{ ;]jg ;Ddu/]sf] egL bfjL eGbf 36L ;hfo ug]{ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nfdf nfu" cf}ifw P]g,@)## sf] bkmf !$-!_ -em_ sf] JofVofTds q'l6Pj+ k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf %$, c=j+=!*$-s_ cg';f/ k|df0fsf] d"NofÍg ePsf] gb]lvFbfGofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@-!_ -s_cg';f/ d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{ lg:;f k|bfg ul/lbPsf]5 . z'?, /]s{8 / eP k|df0f ldl;n ;d]tlemsfO{ cfPkl5 ;fy} /fvL lgodfg';f/ k]zug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.!.#! sf]cfb]zfg';f/ k|:t't d'2f k'g/fj]bgsf] ¿kdfbtf{ ePsf] b]lvG5 .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs d'2f k]zL ;"rLdfr9L Ohnf; ;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t'td'2fsf] k'g/fj]bg ;lxtsf ;Dk"0f{ ldl;nsfuhftx¿ cWoog ul/of] . k'g/fj]bs jfbLg]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg;xGofoflwjQmf >L /]jtL/fh lqkf7Ln] k|:t'td'2fdf k|ltjfbLnfO{ nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g@)## sf] bkmf $ sf] b]xfo -3_ / -ª_ cg';f/sf]s;"/df ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf !$ -!_ -em_ adf]lhd;hfosf] dfubfjL lnO{ z'? ;'g;/L lhNnf

cbfntdf cleof]u k|:t't ul/Psf]df pQmcbfntaf6 k|ltjfbLx¿n] P]= P]gsf] bkmf$-5_ adf]lhd ;]jg ;Ddsf] s;"/ ck/fwu/]sf] egL ;hfo 7x/ ePsf]df ;f] km};nfpk/jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 k'g/fj]bg cbfntlj/f6gu/ ;dIf k'g/fj]bg ul/Psf]df pQmcbfntaf6 z'? km};nfnfO{ g} ;b/ u/]sf]gldn]sf] x'Fbf pN6L u/L k|ltjfbLn] cleof]ubfjLcg';f/ ;hfo kfpg' k5{ egL ax; k|:t'tug'{eof] .

pk/f]Qm ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmfsf] ax;;d]t ;'gL OG;fkmtkm{ larf/ ubf{ k'g/fj]bgcbfnt lj/f6gu/af6 ePsf] km};nf ldn]gldn]sf] s] xf] / jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k'g/fj]bglhsL/ k'Ug ;Sg] g;Sg] s] xf] eGg] ;DjGwdf7x/ lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ k|ltjfbL ch'{gef]6] eGg] hLtaxfb'/ vqLaf6 gfO6«f]hg 6\ofjn]6!@) yfg, sf]/]S; & af]tn / :ofdf]k|f]S;LegSofK;"n * j6f a/fdb ePsf]df ljjfb b]lvb}g .a/fdb ePsf] pQm nfu" cf}ifw k|ltjfbLn] ;]jgug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu NofPsf] xf] eGg] s'/fsf]lhsL/ lnPsf] b]lvb}g . clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L;dIf aofg ubf{ a/fdb ePsf] nfu" cf}ifwljqmL ug]{ p2]Zon] NofPsf] / ;f] eGbf cufl8klg ljqmL ug]{ u/]sf] lyP egL v'nfPsf]b]lvG5 .

#= cg';Gwfgdf a'lemPsf j:t'l:yltd'r'Nsfdf ;a} JolQmx¿n] k|ltjfbLn] nfu" cf}ifww/fg;Dd nu]/ ljqmL ug]{ egL n]vfO{ lbPsf]kfOG5 eg] xfF;kf];f uf=lj=;=sf $& hgf6f]naf;L gful/s ;dfhsf] a}7s a;L nfu"cf}ifw a]rlavg ug]{ lgh k|ltjfbLnfO{ s8f

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sf/jfxL ul/g' kg]{ eGg] lg0f{o ;d]t ePsf]b]lvG5 .

$= cbfntdf aofg ubf{ a/fdb ePsf]nfu" cf}ifw cfkm"af6 a/fdb ePsf] 5}g eg]klg ;f] a/fdbL d'r'Nsf cGoyf k|dfl0ft x'g;s]sf] b]lvb}g . lghaf6 a/fdb ePsf] eg]sf]nfu" cf}ifwnfO{ Go"g dfqfsf] egL ;]jgtkm{7x/ ePsf]df gfO6«f]hg 6\ofjn]6 !@) yfg,sf]/]S; & af]tn / :ofdf]k|f]S;Leg SofK;"n* j6fnfO{ Go"g dfqfsf] eGg ldNb}g . ;]jgk|of]hgnfO{ vl/b ug]{ / ljqmL lat/0f ug]{nfO{vl/b x'g] cj:yf 5'6\ofpg nfu" cf}ifwsf]kl/df0fnfO{ klg x]l/g'kg] { x 'G5 . ;]jgk|of]hgsf] nflu Ps b'O{ 8f]h;Ddsf] nfluvl/b x'g] xf] . t/ k|ltjfbLaf6 a/fdb nfu"c f } i fw cTo f lws dfq fd f b ] lvPsf ]n ];]jg;Ddsf] nflu vl/b u/]sf] xf] eGg ldNg]cj:yf b]lvb}g . lghaf6 ljleGg lsl;dsf]nfu" cf}ifw a/fdb ePsf] / ;]jgdf lghn]lhsL/ g} glnPsf] cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 ;]jg u/]sf] egL 7x/ u/]sf] km};nfldn]sf] b]lvg cfPg .

%= k|df0fsf] ef/;DjGwL l;4fGt lg/k]Ifx'Fb}g . s'g ck/fwdf k|df0fsf] ef/ s;df /fVg]eGg] s'/f ljwflosL gLltsf] s'/f xf] . ck/fwsf]k|s[lt, o;df ;+nUg kIfx¿sf] k|s[lt /ck/flws sfo{z}nL cflbsf] cfwf/df /fHon]k|df0fsf] ef/;DjGwL Joj:yfnfO{ lgwf{/0f u/]sf]x'G5 . ;fdfGo k/Dk/fut ck/fwx¿df k|df0fsf]ef/ jfbLdf /xG5 eg] sltko d'2fx¿dfljifout ck/fwsf] uDeL/tfnfO{ ljrf/ u/Lsfg"gn] lgif]w u/]sf] j:t' k|ltjfbLaf6 a/fdbePdf ;f] tYonfO{ s;"/ dfGg] sfg"gL k|fjwfg

eO{ ;f] cfk/flws sfo{ -Corpus delicti_ :yflktePkl5 lgbf]{liftf k|dfl0ft ug]{ ef/ k|ltjfbLdf/fVg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .

^= s'g} rLh j:t' ;Fu;fydf km]nfkg'{ jf ;f] rLhj:t' s;};Fu /x]sf] s'/f:yflkt x'g' tYout k|Zg xf], ;a} tYoutljifo s;"/ jf ck/fw x'b}gg\ . t/, s'g}k|ltalGwt j:t' s;}sf] ;fyaf6 km]nf kg'{g} cfk/flws sfo{ -Corpus delicti_ u/]sf]k|dfl0ft ePsf] dflgg] k|s[ltsf ck/fwh;nfO{ Possessory crime elgG5, To:tfck/fwdf cfk/flws sfo{ :yflkt ePkl5lgbf]{liftf k|dfl0ft ug]{ ef/ k|ltjfbLsf] x'G5 .nfu " cf } i fw ck/fw Possessory crime

ePsf]n] ;f ]df s;"/ k|dfl0ft ug] { ef/k|ltjfbLsf] x'G5 eGg] ePsf]n] k|ltjfbLsf];fyaf6 nfu" cf}ifw abfdb ePsf] k'li6ePkl5 cfkm\gf] lgbf] {liftf k|dfl0ft ug]{ ef/o; d'2fdf nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f P]g_ @)##sf] bkmf !@ n] k|ltjfbLdf /x]sf] s'/fdfljjfb /x]g . o:tf] cj:yfdf k|ltjfbLn] o;P]g cg'¿k ;hfo x'g] ck/fw u/]sf] x'g\egL nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f P]g_, @)## sf]bkmf !@ cg'¿k dfGg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

&= k|ltjfbLn] nfu" cf}ifw ljqmL ub}{5g\eGg] ;"rgf kfPsf] sf/0fn] kqmfp ug{ uPsf]x'F egL k|ltj]bs ;'efif /fO{n] cbfntdf askqu/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLn] nfu" cf}ifw ;]jgug]{ u/]sf] eGg] egfO{ ts{af6 k'i6L x'g] ljifoxf]Og . nfu" cf}ifw vl/b u/L ljqmL ug]{u/]sf] tYo k|ltj]bssf] k|ltj]bg, askq,k|ltjfbLsf] ;fljlt, j:t'l:ylt d'r'NsfsfJolQmx¿ / xfF;kf];f uf=lj=;=sf $& hgf


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6f]naf;L gful/ssf] egfOaf6 k'li6 e}/x]sf]b]lvFbf nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## sf]bkmf !$-!_-h_ k|of]u u/L ;]jg;Ddsf] 7x// ;hfo u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt la/f6gu/sf]ldlt @)^%.!).!@ sf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ ePsf]n]pQm km};nf pN6L eO{ k|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]udfubfjL cg';f/ nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f P]g,@)## sf] bkmf $-3_ / -ª_ adf]lhdsf] s;"/sfod eO{ P]=sf] bkmf !$-!_-em_ cg';f/ @jif{ s}b / ?=!,)),))).– -Ps nfv_ h/Ljfgfx'g] 7x5{ . c?df tk;Lnadf]lhd ug"{ .

tk;Ln

dfly OG;fkm v08df pNn]v ePadf]lhdk'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj/f6gu/af6 ePsf] km};nfpN6L eO{ k|ltjfbL ch'{g ef]6] eGg] hLtaxfb'/vqLnfO{ @ jif{ s}b / ! nfv h/Ljfgf x'g]7x/]sf]n] lgh a]?h' b]lvFbf kqmfp u/L ;f] s}bh/Ljfgf c;"npk/ ug'{ egL z'? ;'g;/L lhNnfcbfntdf n]vL k7fOlbg' – –!

k|:t't d'2fsf] bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/Lldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfOlbg' ––– @

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=;'zLnf sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn c;f]h !^ ut] /f]h # z'ed\

Ohnf; clws[tM– k/z'/fd e§/fO{

lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= lg0f{o g+= *(@$*(@$*(@$*(@$*(@$

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL

dfggLo GofofwLz >L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{)^&–WO–)%)$

km};nf ldltM @)^(.^.!!.%

d'2f M pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z .

lgj]bsM n'lDagL c~rn, ?kGb]xL lhNnfl;4fy{gu/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ^zf/bfky a:g] kxnl;Fx j/fOnL

lj?4ljkIfLM lutfs'df/L kf08] ;d]t

§ Ps JolQmn] w]/} JolQmnfO{ z]ifkl5sf]as;kq lbPsf] cj:yfdf z]ifkl5sf]as;kq kfpg]dWo] s'g} Pssf] d[To'bftfsf] eGbf cl3 ePdf ;Dk"0f{ lnvtsf]cl:tTj ;dfKt geO{ d[tssf xsdf;Dd ;dfKt eO{ lgliqmo x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_§ klt gftf ePsf sf/0fn] ;DklQdf xs

k|fKt ug'{, t/ kltn] lnPsf] C0fsf]bfloTj ;f] ;DklQaf6 Joxf]g{ OGsf/ ug'{Gofof]lrt gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_§ ck'tfnL gvfPsf] cj:yf x'gsf nflu

d[tssf xsdf /x]sf] s'g} klg ;DklQcfkm\gf gfpFdf xs x:tfGt/0f u/LglnPsf] jf d[tssf] xsdf s'g} ;DklQgePsf] cj:yf x'g'kg]{ .&&&&&

17171717171717171717

*(@$ –*(@$ –*(@$ –*(@$ –*(@$ – kxnl;+x j/fOnL lj=lutfs'df/L kf08] ;d]t

§ kltsf] d[To' ePsf] eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]vu/L hUuf cGo JolQmsf gfpFdf btf{ug{ d~h"'/L lbO{ cfkm\gf 5f]/f a'xf/Lsfgfddf hUuf btf{ ;d]t u/fPsf] l:yltdfkltsf] ck'tfnL glnPsf] gvfPsf] eGg]cy{ ug{ gldNg] .

§ leGg ePsf] eGg] cfwf/df dfq lnPsf]C0fsf] bfloTj Joxf]g'{ gkg]{ eGg gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_§ d'n'sL P]g b08 ;hfosf] dxn, lhNnf

cbfnt lgodfjnL h:tf sfg"gx?n]cbfntnfO{ km};nf sfof{Gjgsf] lhDd]jf/Ltf]lslbPsf] x'gfn] cbfntn] g} km};nfsfof{Gjgsf nflu ljz]if ;lqmotf b]vfpg'kg]{ .

§ kTgL, 5f]/f, a'xf/L ;d]tsf] gfddf ;DklQe]l6Pg eGg] cfwf/df cbfntsf] clGtdkm};nf cfkm}F lgliqmo t'Nofpg gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!@_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf uf]kfnk|;fbzdf{

ljkIfL tkm{af6M jl/i7 clwjQmf j;Gt/fde08f/L

cjnlDat ghL/M§ g]sfk @)$#, cÍ *, lg=g+= @()(, k[= &$%

;Da4 sfg"gM § bfg js;sf] @ g+= § ck'tfnLsf] @ g+=

cfb]zGof=k|sfz j:tLM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@, !)&-@_ adf]lhdk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo /lg0f{o o; k|sf/ 5 M–

jfbL d lgj]bs kxnl;Fx a/fOnL /k|ltjfbL rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08] ePsf] ;+jt\ @)^!;fnsf] b]=g+= !$!$ sf] n]gb]g d'2fdf jfbLbfjLadf]lhd td;'sL ;fFjf ? !,^%,))).– /sfg"gadf]lhdsf] Jofh sf]6{kmL tyf cGo b:t"/;d]t k|ltjfbLaf6 jfbLn] el/kfpg] 7x5{ egLljkIfL ?kGb]xL lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^!.(.!* df km};nf eof] . ;f] km};nf clGtdx'g uPsf]n] km};nfadf]lhd ljuf] e/fO{ kfpgk|ltjfbLsf] gfddf s'g} h]yf gb]lvFbf lghsf]Psf;uf]nsf >LdtL ljkIfL uLtfs'df/L kf08]sf]gfdsf] h]yf b]vfO{ km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] nflub/vf:t lbO{ sf/jfxL rNb} hfFbf 5'6[L leGg eO{a;]sL kTgLsf] ;DklQaf6 nf]Ug]n] vfPsf] ljuf]e/fpg ldn]g egL ljkIfL ?kGb]xL lhNnfcbfntsf txl;nbf/af6 ldlt @)^$.#.@*df cfb]z eof] .

tTkZrft\ k|ltjfbL rlGb|sfk|;fbkf08]sf] Psf3/sf] cfdf ;'/t k8fOgsf] h]yfaf6ljuf] c;"npk/ ul/kfpFm egL d]/f] b/vf:tk/L sf/jfxL x'Fb} hfFbf @)!^ ;fndf 5'6[LleGg ePsL cfdf ;'/t k8fOgsf] h]yfaf6ljuf] e/fpg gldNg] egL ldlt @)^%.@.!# dfk'gM txl;nbf/af6 cfb]z eof] . o;kl5k|ltjfbL rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]sf] xssf] h]yfvf]Hb} hfFbf k|ltjfbL rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08] ;d]thgf kfFrn] cfdf ;'/t k8fOgaf6 z]ifkl5sf]as;kqaf6 k|fKt u/L ;'/t k8fOgsf ]d [ To 'kZrft \ xs x 'g cfO { k | ltjfb LrlGb|sfk|;fbsf] ;d]t d[To' eO{ lghsf] xs;d]t lghsf ] Ps dfq >LdtL ljkIfLuLtfs'df/L kf08]sf] d~h"/Laf6 xfn ljkIfLx?ljdnfs'df/L kf08], czf]ss'df/ kf08] /ljgf]bs'df/ kf08]sf gfddf ;+o'Qm gfd;f/L


17181718171817181718

eO{ cnu cnu hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ ;d]tk|fKt ul/;s]sf hUuf -h]yf_ af6 ljuf] c;"npk/ul/kfpFm egL ldlt @)^%.!!.@! df ljkIfL?kGb]xL lhNnf cbfntdf b/vf:t lbPsf]dfæ@)!^ ;fndf 5'6[L leGg ePsL ;'/t k8fOgn]cfkm\gf] ;DklQ z]ifkl5 vfg' egL ldlt@)%(.!@.!# df lbPsf] as;kqcg';f/ bflvnvf/]h gfd;f/L u/L k|fKt u/]sf] ;DklQ b]lvFbfTo:tf] ;DklQaf6 @)^) ;fndf rlGb|sfk|;fbkf08]n] lnPsf] C0f lgj]lbsf ljdnfs'df/L kf08];d]tn] k|fKt u/]sf] ;DklQaf6 e/fpg Gofosf]/f]xaf6 ldNg] b]lvPg . t;y{ jfbLnfO{ csf]{h]yf lnO{ cfpg' egL tfl/v tf]sL lgodfg';f/ug ' { æ egL ?kGb ]x L lhNnf cbfntsftxl;nbf/af6 ldlt @)^^.$.@@ df cfb]zeof] .

;f] cfb]z ab/ ul/kfpFm egL b08;hfosf] dxnsf] ̂ ! g+= adf]lhd lgj]bg lbO{; f ] lgj ]bg Ohnf;;;dIf k ]z x ' F b ftxl;nbf/n] ldlt @)^^.$.@@ df u/]sf] cfb]zldn]s} b]lvFbf kl/jt{g ug'{ k/]g, sfg"gadf]lhdug'{ egL lhNnf GofofwLzaf6 ldlt @)^^.&.@&df cfb]z eof] . ;f] cfb]z ab/ ul/kfpFm egLc=j+= !& g+= adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg cbfnta'6jndf lgj]bg lbPsf]df k'g/fj]bg cbfnta'6jnaf6 txl;nbf/sf] cfb]z ;b/ ug]{ u/]sf]To; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.&.@& sf] cfb]zldn]s} b]lvFbf kl/jt{g ug'{ k/]g, sfg"gadf]lhdug'{ xf]nf egL ldlt @)^^.!@.% df cfb]zeof] .

pQm cfb]z ab/ ug]{ cGo s'g} j}slNkspkrf/sf] dfu{ gePsfn] pQm u}/sfg"gL q'l6k"0f{cfb]z tyf sfdsf/jfxL pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/fab/ u/L d}n} ?kGb]xL lhNnf cbfntdf lbPsf]

lgj]bgdf plNnlvt h]yfaf6 ljuf] c;"npk/u/fpg' eGg] k/dfb]z;lxt hf] rflxg] pko'Qmcf1f, cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpg g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@, !)&-@_ adf]lhdk|:t't lgj]bg ug{ cfPsf] 5' . n]gb]g d'2fsfk|ltjfbL :j= rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]sf afa'b'lgofdfg kf08]sf] cl3 g} d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 .rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08];lxt lghsL cfdf ;'/tk8fOg, bfh' /fdrGb| kf08] / efO{ rGb|z]v/kf08] u/L hDdf rf/ c+lzof/x? eO{ lghx?@)!^ ;fndf 5'6[L leGg eO{ cnu a;]sf5g\ . rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]sf cfkm\g} ;Gtfgx?dfb'O{ >LdtLdWo] h]7Lsf] klxn] g} d[To' eO;s]sf],lghsf] sf]vaf6 tLg 5f]/fx?sf] hfohGdePsf]df h]7f ljkIfL ljdnfs'df/Lsf kltljhos'df/ kf08], dfOnf ljkIfL czf]ss'df/kf08] / sfG5f ljkIfL ljgf]bs'df/ kf08] x'geg] lgh rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]sL sfG5L >LdtLljkIfL uLtfs'df/L kf08] x'g\ . lghtkm{sfPsdfq 5f]/f lk|G;s'df/ kf08]sf] klg d[To'eO;s]sf] 5 . rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]sL cfdf ;'/tk8fOgn] cfkm\gf] gfd tyf xsdf /x]sf] ?kGb]xLlhNnf e'hf}nL ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt j8f g+= $-s_ ls=g+= @& sf] If]qkmn @–!@–!^ dWo] )–!&–!@ P]=P]= ls=g+= !$) sf] If]qkmn )–)–*,P]=P]= ls=g+= @&# sf] If]qkmn )–#–!! / P]=P]=ls=g+= %** sf] If]qkmn )–#–) u/L hDdfIf]qkmn !–$–!! -Ps ljufxf rf/ s7\7f /P3f/ w'/_ hUuf 5f]/f rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08],gfltgL a'xf/L ljdnfs'df/L kf08], gfltczf]ss'df/ kf08], gflt ljgf]bs'df/ kf08] /gflt lk|G;s'df/ kf08]n] a/fa/L ?kdf vfgkfpg] u/L ldlt @)%(.!@.!# df /=g+=!)$^$af6 z]ifkl5sf] as;kq kfl/t ul/lbg' ePsf]df

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lgh ;'/t k8fOgsf] ldlt @)^$.!@.@( dfd[To' ePkZrft\ pQm z]ifkl5sf] as;kqsf]lnvt lqmofzLn eO{ pQm lnvtdf plNnlvthUufdWo] % efusf] ! efu hUuf z]ifkl5sf]as;kq kfpg] rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]sf] xs x'gcfPsf] / pQm hUuf ljkIfLx?n] ck'tfnL xssfod u/L gfd;f/L ul/lng' ePsf] 5 .

rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]sf] cufl8 g} ldlt@)^!.&.!! -ljkIfLn] ldlt @)^!.&.! df d[To'ePsf] eGg] pNn]v ePsf]_ df d[To' ePtfklglghn] k|fKt u/]sf] z]ifkl5sf] as;kqsf]lnvtsf] xs z]ifkl5sf] as;kq lbg] JolQmn]cfkm\gf] d[To' cufl8 ab/ gu/]sf]n] lghsf]d[To'kZrft\ ;Dk"0f{ lnvt g} lqmofzLn eO{z]ifkl5sf] as;kq kfpg] 5f]/f :j=rlGb|sfk|;fbkf08]sf] xs pQm ;DklQaf6 nf]k x'g] geO{lghsf] xs lx:;f sfod} /xG5 . pQm n]gb]gd'2fsf k|ltjfbL rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]sf] ldlt@)^!.&.!! df d[To' ePkZrft\ lghsf] glhssf]c+lzof/ xsjfnf lghsf] >LdtL ljkIfLuLtfs'df/L kf08]n] z]ifkl5sf] as;kq kfpg]cfkm"tkm{sf 5f]/f lk|G;s'df/ kf08]sf] ;d]tldlt @)^$.!.!! df d[To' eO;s]sf]n] lghsf]xs tyf cfkm\gf] >Ldfg\ :j= rlGb|sfk|;fbkf08]sf] xssf] ;f;" ;'/t k8fOgaf6 k|fKtz]ifkl5sf] as;kqsf] lnvtadf]lhdsf] hUuf;d]t ljkIfL ljdnfs'df/L kf08], czf]ss'df/kf08], ljgf]bs'df/ kf08] ;d]tsf] gfddf ;+o'Qmgfd;f/L eO{ uPdf d]/f] d~h"/L 5 egL ldlt@)^%.!).@! ut]sf lbg dfnkf]t sfof{nodflgj]bg btf{ u/L ;f]xL ldltdf lgj]bg ;gfvt;d]t u/L cfkm"nfO{ >Ldfg\ rlGb|sfk|;fbkf08]sf] xssf] ;DklQ ck'tfnLaf6 k|fKtplNnlvt nueu % s7\7f hUuf uLtfs'df/L

kf08] afx]ssf ljkIfLx?sf gfddf bflvn vf/]hu/L dfnkf]t sfof{no ?kGb]xLaf6 ePsf] lg0f{osfcfwf/df j08fkq ;d]t u/L xfn ls=g+=!)$%sf] hUuf ljdnfs'df/L kf08]sf] gfddf, ls= g+=@&# / %** sf] hUuf ljgf]bs'df/ kf08]sf]gfddf tyf ls=g+= !$) / !)$$ sf hUufczf]ss'df/ kf08]sf gfddf btf{ eO{ lghx?sfgfddf hUufwgL k|df0fk"hf{ ;d]t k|fKt eO;s]sf]5 .

o;/L plNnlvt n]gb]g d'2fsf k|ltjfbLrlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]sf] xssf] hUuf ljkIfLx?n]ck'tfnL xs sfod u/L lnP vfPsf] cj:yfdfck'tfnL vfg] xsjfnfn] ;fx"sf] C0f ltg'{kg]{bfloTj x'g] x'Fbf ;f]xL hUufaf6 ljuf] c;"npk/u/fOkfpFm egL b/vf:t lbPkl5 n]gb]gJojxf/sf] @@ g+= ;d]tsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/sf/jfxL u/L ljuf] c;"npk/ u/fpg'kg]{dfpQm hUufaf6 ljuf] c;"npk/ u/fpg ldn]geGg] txl;nbf/sf] cfb]z tyf ;f] cfb]znfO{;dy{g u/]sf] lhNnf cbfnt / k'g/fj]bgcbfnt ;d]tsf] cfb]z q'l6k"0f{ 5 . t;y{,d}n] ?kGb]xL lhNnf cbfntdf btf{ u/]sf]km};nfadf]lhdsf] ljuf] e/fO{ kfpFm eGg] ljifosf]b/vf:tdf plNnlvt ljkIfLx?sf gfddf btf{/x]sf] hUufx?af6 d]/f] ljuf] c;"npk/ u/fO{lbg'kg]{df ;f] gu/L pQm hUufaf6 c;"npk/x'g g;Sg] x'Fbf csf]{ h]yf k]z ug'{ egL ?kGb]xLlhNnf cbfntsf txl;nbf/af6 ldlt@)^^.$.@@ df ePsf] cfb]z, ;f]nfO{ ;dy{gu/]sf] lhNnf GofofwLzsf] ldlt @)^^.&.@&sf] cfb]z tyf ;f] b'j} cfb]znfO{ ;dy{g u/Lldlt @)^^.!@.% df ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnta'6jnsf] cfb]z u}/sfg"gL tyf a]/Ltsf] eO{;f] cfb]zx?sf sf/0fn] d]/f] ;DklQ;DaGwL


17201720172017201720

;+j}wflgs df}lns xs;d]tdf cf3ft k'Ug uPsf]x'Fbf pQm cfb]zx? pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/u/L ?kGb]xL lhNnf cbfntdf ldlt @)^%.!!.@!df k]z ePsf] b/vf:tdf plNnlvt h]yfaf6ljuf] c;"npk/ u/fpg] sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg'egL ljkIfL ?kGb]xL lhNnf cbfntsf gfddfk/dfb]znufot pko'Qm cfb]z ;d]t hf/Lul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lgj]bg kq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L gx'g' kg]{ xf],hf/L x'g' gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP ;f]sf] sf/0f /cfwf/ v'nfO{ lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug{ Dofb hf/Lu/L lnlvt hjfkm k]z ePkl5 jf Dofb gf3]kl5lgodfg';f/ k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt@)^&.*.!^ sf] cfb]z .

o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.&.@& sf]cfb]z ab/ ul/kfpFm egL jfbL -lgj]bs_kxnl;Fx a/fO{nLsf] ldlt @)^^.*.* dfk'g/fj]bg cbfnt a'6jndf c=j+= !& g+=adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k/L o; cbfntaf6 s}lkmotk|ltj]bg k|:t't ul/Psf]df txl;nbf/sf] cfb]z;b/ ug]{ u/]sf] To; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.&.@&sf] cfb]z ldn]s} b]lvFbf kl/jt{g ug'{ k/]g,sfg"gadf]lhd ug' { xf]nf egL k'g/fj]bgcbfntaf6 ldlt @)^^.!@.% df cfb]z ePsf]n]lgj]bssf] xslxtdf s'g} k|lts"n c;/ kg]{sfd o; cbfntaf6 gePsf] x' Fbf o;cbfntpk/sf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]Joxf]/fsf] ?kGb]xL lhNnf cbfntsf] lnlvthjfkm .

ljkIfLsf c;fdL rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08] /xfdLx? ldlt @)%&.#.@) df /lhi6«]zg kf;u/L 5'6[L leGg ePsf 5f}+ . uLtfs'df/L kf08] /lghsf 5f]/f lk|G;s'df/ kf08]aLr cl3 g} c+z

d'2f k/L 5'6[L leGg ePsf JolQm x'g\ . To:t}xfd|L ah} ;'/t k8fOg klg 5f]/fx?;d]t;Fuldlt @)!^.@.@% df 3/;f/df c+za08f lnvtv8f u/L ldlt @)!^.&.@ df /lhi6«]zg kf/Ltu/L 5'6[L a:g' ePsf] lyof] . lgj]bsn] cf;fdLrlGb|sfk|;fbnfO{ ldlt @)^).!).& df skfnLtd;'s u/L xfdL ;a} 5'6[L ;s]kl5 shf{lbg'ePsf] / 5'6[L leGg ePsf] JolQmsf] s'g};DklQ gePsf] tyf xfdLx? s;}n] klg pxfFsf]ck'tfnL gvfPsf] x'Fbf n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] @@g+= n] xfdLnfO{ kqmg kfOg] xf]Og . lgj]bsn]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf pNn]v ug'{ ePsf hUufx?rlGb|sfk|;fbaf6 ck'tfnL cfPsf xf]Ogg\ . ;f;"ah} ;'/t k8fOgsf] ldlt @)^$.!@.@( df,lgj]bssf cf;fdL rlGb|sfk|;fbsf] ldlt@)^!.&.! -lgj]bsn] @)^!.&.!! d[To' ePsf]eGg] pNn]v u/]sf]_ df / d uLtfs'df/Lsf] 5f]/flk|G;s'df/sf] ldlt @)^$.!.!! df dTo' ePsf]xf] . ;f;" ah} ;'/t k8fOgn] ldlt @)%(.!@.!#df z]ifkl5sf] as;kq rlGb|sfk|;fb ;d]tnfO{lbPsf] ePtfklg lgh rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]sf]d[To' bftfsf] eGbf cl3 g} ldlt @)^!.&.! dfePsf]n] lghsf] xsdf ;f] z]ifkl5sf] as;kqz"Go eO{ ;f;" ah}sf] ldlt @)^$.!@.@( dfd[To' ePkZrft\ z]ifkl5sf] as;kq kfpg] xfdLhLljt JolQmx?sf] xs x'g] / cl3 g} d[To'x'g]sf] xs z"Go eO{ bftfd} lgxLt eO{ pxfFsf]ck'tfnL xfdLn] kfpg] ePsf]n] xfdLn] ;f;"ah}sf] ;DklQ dfq vfP kfPsf] x' Fbf of];DklQaf6 ljkIfLn] c;"npk/ ug{ kfpg] xf]Og .t;y{, lhNnf cbfnt / k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6ePsf] cfb]zdf s'g} sfg"gL q'l6 gx'Fbf ljkIfLsf]l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] Joxf]/fsf]ljkIfLx? uLtfs'df/L kf08], ljdnfs'df/L kf08],

17211721172117211721


czf]ss'df/ kf08] / ljgf]bs'df/ kf08]sf] ;+o'Qmlnlvt hjfkm .

lgj]bs kxnl;Fx a/fOnL / ljkIfLljdnfs'df/L kf08] ePsf] ljuf] sf]6{kmL ;d]te/fO{ kfpFm eGg] d'2fdf d'n'sL P]g, c=j+= !&g+= adf]lhd lgj]bg k/L ;f]df k|fKt s}lkmotk|ltj]bg Ohnf;;;dIf k]z x'Fbf æo;dftxl;nbf/sf] cfb]z ;b/ ug]{ u/]sf] ?kGb]xLlhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.&.@& sf] cfb]zldn]s} b]lvFbf kl/jt{g ug'{ k/]g, sfg"gadf]lhdug'{xf]nfæ egL ldlt @)^^.!@.% df o;cbfntaf6 cfb]z ePsf] b]lvPsf], o; cbfntaf6ePsf] pQm cfb]z sfg"gadf]lhd ePsf] /lgj]bssf] ;+ljwfg Pj+ sfg"gk|bQ xs clwsf/xgg\ x'g] sfo{ o; cbfntaf6 gePsf] x'FbfljkIfLsf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]/Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt a'6jnsf] lnlvthjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf lgj]bs tkm{af6plk:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L uf]kfnk|;fbzdf{n] lgj]bs kxnl;Fx a/fOnLn] rlGb|sfk|;fbkf08]af6 ;fFjf ?= !,^%,))).– tyf ;f]sf]Jofh, sf]6{kmL ;d]t e/fO{ kfpg] 7x/L ?kGb]xLlhNnf cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf clGtd ePsf]/ rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]sf] cGo h]yf gePsf]n]lghn] cfdf ;'/t k8fOgaf6 z]ifkl5sf]as;kqaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] hUuf xfn oLljkIfLx?sf gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf] x'Fbf pQm hUufaf6ljuf] e/fpg gldNg] u/L ePsf cfb]zsfg"gljk/Lt ePsf]n] tL cfb]zx? pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zåf/f ab/ u/L lgj]bgdf plNnlvt;DklQaf6 ljuf] e/fpg];DaGwL sf/jfxL cufl8a9fpg' eGgf] k/dfb]z hf/L x'g'k5{ egL ax;

ug'{eof] . o:t} ljkIfLx?sf tkm{af6 pl:ytljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf >L j;Gt/fd e08f/Ln]z]ifkl5sf] as;kq lbg] ;'/t k8fOgsf] ldlt@)^$.!@.@( df / z]ifkl5sf] as;kqkfpg] < rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]sf] ldlt @)^!.&.!!df d[To' ePsf]n] rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]n] k|fKtu/]sf] z]ifkl5sf] as;kq z"Go eO;s]sf] x'FbfrlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]n] z]ifkl5sf] as;kq k|fKtu/]sf] eGg ldNb}g . ljkIfLx? ;a} 5'6[L leGgePsf / cf;fdL rlGb|sfk|;fb ;d]t 5'6[LleGg ePsf x'gfn] rlGb|sfk|;fbn] lnPsf] C0fsf]bfloTj c? ljkIfLx?n] Joxf]g'{ kb}{g . To;sf/0flgj]bssf] lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'k5{ egL ax;ug'{eof] .

ca, lgj]bssf] dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L x'g] xf], xf]Og eGg]] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ oLlgj]bs jfbL / rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08] k|ltjfbL eO{rn]sf] n]gb]g d'2fdf ?kGb]xL lhNnf cbfntaf6ldlt @)^!.(.!* df ?=!,^%,))).– ;f+jf tyf;f]sf] Jofh, sf]6{kmL / cGo b:t"/ ;d]t jfbLn]k|ltjfbLaf6 e/fO{ lng kfpg] 7x/L km};nf ePsf]s'/fdf ljjfb 5}g .

@= ?kGb]xL lhNnf e'hf}nL ufpF ljsf;;ldlt j8f g+= $ s ls=g+= @& xfn lsQfaf6eO{ sfod ePsf] ls=g+= !)#( sf] h=lj= !–!%–$ dWo] )–!&–!@, ls=g+= !$) sf] )–)–*, ls=g+= @&# sf] )–#–!! / ls=g+= %** sf])–#–) ;d]tsf hUuf ljkIfLx?sL ;f;" tyfxh'/cfdf gftfsL ;'/t k8fOgn] ldlt@)%(.!@.!# df rlGb |sfk |;fb kf08 ] ,ljdnfs'df/L kf08], czf]ss'df/ kf08],ljgf]bs'df/ kf08] / lk|G; kf08] ;d]tsf kfFrhgfnfO{ z]ifkl5sf] as;kqsf] lnvt kf/Ltul/lbPsf] b]lvG5 .


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#= z]ifkl5sf] as;kq lbg] JolQm ;'/tk8fOgsf] @)^$.!@.@( df d[To' x'g'eGbf cl3 g}z]ifkl5sf] as;kq k|fKt ug]{dWo]sf rlGb|sfk|;fbkf08]sf] @)^!.&.!! / lk|G;s'df/ kf08]sf]@)^$.!.!! df d[To' ePsf] eGg] s'/fdf klgljjfb blvFb}g . k|:t't d'2fdf z]ifkl5sf]as;kqaf6 k|fKt hUufaf6 ljuf] el/kfpg] gkfpg];DjGwdf ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] b]lvFbf z]ifkl5sf]js;kqsf jf/]df ePsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf;DjGwdf ljj]rgf ug'{ pko'Qm b]lvg cfof] .

$= d'n'sL P]g bfg as;sf] dxnsf] @g+= df lbg]sf] z]ifkl5 vfg kfpg] s'/fsf] lnvtu/L lbPsf]df ;f] lnvt ul/lbg]sf] lrQ ga'́ Lab/ u5'{ eG5 eg] hlxn];'s} ab/ ug{ kfpF5 .;f] lnvt ab/ ug{nfO{ lnvt /lhi6«]zg ePsf]jf cfkm\gf Onfsfsf] /lhi6«]zg ug]{ c8\8fdf u}b/vf:t lbO{ jb/ u/fpg' k5{ eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf/x]sf] b]lvG5 . z]ifkl5sf] as;kq ljz]iflsl;dsf] as;kq xf] . of] bftfsf] d[To' ePkl5dfq sfof{Gjog x'G5 . o:t} bftfn] cfkm\gf]hLjgsfndf hlxn];'s} ab/ u/fpg ;S5 .z]ifkl5sf] as;kq k|fKt ug]{sf] d[To' z]ifkl5sf]as;kq lbg] -bftf_ sf] eGbf cufl8 ePsf]cj:yfdf To:tf] z]ifkl5sf] as;kqsf] cl:tTjlgh d[tssf xsdf ;dfKt eO{ lgliqmo x'G5 .z]ifkl5sf] as;kq kfpg] JolQm d/]df ;f]as;kq :jtM lgliqmo x'G5 egL o; cbfntsf]k"0f{ Ohnf;af6 ;Gt'dfof >]i7 lj?4 b]jdfof>]i7 ePsf] btf{ jb/ d'2f -g]sfk @)$#, d+l;/,lg= g+= @()(, k[= &$%_ df l;4fGt k|ltkfbgePsf] kfOG5 . pQm sfg"gL Joj:yf / k|ltkflbtl;4fGtsf] kl/k|]Iodf x]bf{ Ps JolQmn] w]/}JolQmnfO{ z]ifkl5sf] as;kq lbPsf] cj:yfdfz]ifkl5sf] as;kq kfpg]dWo] s'g} Pssf] d[To'

bftfsf] eGbf cl3 ePdf ;Dk"0f{ lnvtsf] cl:tTj;dfKt geO{ d[tssf xsdf ;Dd ;dfKt eO{lgliqmo x'G5 .

%= k|:t't d'2fdf z]ifkl5sf] as;kqlbg] ;'/t k8fOgn] lgj]bgdf plNnlvt ljleGglsTtfsf h= lj= !–$–!! hUufx? kfFr hgfnfO{z]ifkl5sf] as;kq ul/lbPsf] cj:yf b]lvFbf;Dk"0f{ lnvtsf] cl:tTj z"Go x'g] geO{ kfFrefusf] b'O{ efu cyf{t\ @)^!.&.!! df b]xfGtx'g] rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08] / @)^$.!.!! df b]xfGtx'g] lk|G;s'df/ kf08]n] k|fKt u/]sf] z]ifkl5sf]as;kq;Ddsf] cl:tTj z"Go x'g] / ;f] kfFrefusf] b'O{ efu z]ifkl5sf] as;kq lbPsf]hUufsf] xs :jfldTj bftf ;'/t k8fOgs} gfpFdfk"j{jt\ sfod x'g cfpg] b]lvG5 . ljkIfLn] lhsL/lnP h:tf] ;Dk"0f{ hUuf z]ifkl5sf] as;kqkfpg] afFsL hLljt /x]sf JolQmx?sf] xs sfodx'G5 eGg ldNb}g .

^= ca, ;'/t k8fOgsf gfpFdf sfodx'g cfPsf] h= lj= !–$–!! dWo] kfFr efusf]b'O{ efu cyf{t\ h=lj= )–(–!^@÷% hUufaf6lgj]bssf] ljuf] e/L e/fp ug{ ldNg] xf], xf]OgeGg] ;DaGwdf x]bf{ ;'/t k8fOgsf kltb'lgofdfg kf08]sf] cl3 g} d[To' eO{ ;s]sf] /tLg 5f]/fx? /fdrGb| kf08], rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]/ rGb|z]v/ kf08] /x]sf b]lvG5g\ . d'n'sL P]g,ck'tfnLsf] dxnsf] @ g+= df ck'tfnL kbf{dg]{sf] nf]Ug] :jf:gL, 5f]/f, cljjflxtf 5f]/L,5f]/fsf 5f]/f jf lghsf] cljjflxtf 5f]/L eP;Ddc?n] ck'tfnL kfpg ;Sb}gg\, dg]{sf] 5f]/f geO{ljwjf a'xf/L ePdf lghn] 5f]/f ;/x ck'tfnLkfp5g\ eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf]n] d[ts;'/t k8fOgsf] d[To'kZrft\ lghn] cfkm\gf]hLjgsfndf of] ;DklQ s;}nfO{ n]vL lbPsf]

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gkfOPaf6 lghsf gfp+sf] ;DklQ 5f]/fx? /fdrGb|kf08], rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08] / rGb|z]v/ kf08]sf]xsdf cfpg] eO{ tLg efusf] Ps efu cyf{t\;'/t k8fOgsf gfpFdf k"j{jt sfod ePsf] h=lj= )–(–!^@÷% dWo] tLg efusf] Ps efuhUufdf rlGb|sfk|;fbsf] xs /x]sf] b]lvg cfof] .

&= ljkIfLdWo]sL uLtfs'df/L d[tsrlGb|sfk|;fbsL >LdtL gftfsL ePsL x'FbfrlGb|sfk|;fbsf] d[To'kZrft\ lghsf xsdf cfpg]hUufdf uLtfs'df/Lsf] xs sfod x'g' :jfefljs/ sfg"g;Ddt ;d]t b]lvg cfpF5 . klt gftfePsf sf/0fn] ;DklQdf xs k|fKt ug'{ t/kltn] lnPsf] C0fsf] bfloTj ;f] ;DklQaf6Joxf]g{ OGsf/ ug'{ Gofof]lrt x'b}g . uLtfs'df/LsfgfpFdf pQm hUuf cGo sf/0fn] k|fKt ePsf]geO{ rlGb|sfk|;fbsL >LdtL gftfsL ePsfsf/0fn] k|fKt x'g cfpg] xf] . o;}n] ;'/t k8fOgsfgfpFdf k"j{jt sfod ePsf] h= lj= )–(–!*@ /% dWo] tLg efusf] Ps efu hUufdfuLtfs'df/Lsf] xs /xg] b]lvg cfof] .

*= JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] xssf] ;DklQef]u ug]{, laqmL ug]{, bfg jf js; lbg], jxfndflbg] h:tf xsx? /x]sf] x'G5 . ;DklQ h;sf]gfddf /xg] xf] p;}sf] dfq x'g] xf]Og . ;f];DklQsf sfg"gadf]lhdsf xsjfnf xsbf/x?sf]klg ;f] ;DklQdf cGt/e"t clwsf/ /x]sf]x'G5 . t/ of] cGt/e"t clwsf/ ;'if'Kt ?kdfcGo JolQmdf /lx/x] klg of] xs klg ;fDklQsxs g} xf] . To;}n] s'g} JolQmsf] d[To' ePdflghsf] xsef]udf /x]sf] ;DklQ z"Godf g/xLcGo JolQmsf gfpFdf x:tfGt/0f x'g hfG5 .tyflk s;sf gfp+df s] s'g k|lqmofaf6 xsx:tfGt/0f x'g] eGg] s'/f sfg"gn]n] lgwf{/0fug]{ ljifo xf] .

(= ;'/t k8fOgn] lbPsf] xfn}sf]as;kqdf plNnlvt hUufx? uLtfs'df/L kf08]n]z]ifkl5sf] as;kq kfpg]dWo]sf ljdnfs'df/Lkf08], ljgf]bs'df/ / czf]ss'df/ kf08] ;d]ttLg hgfsf gfpFdf ;+o'Qm bflvn vf/]h gfd;f/Lug{ d~h"/L 5 egL dfnkf]t sfof{nodf lgj]bglbO{ ;gfvt ;d]t ul/lbPcg';f/ pQm hUufx?ljgf]bs'df/ kf08], czf]ss'df/ kf08] /ljdnfs'df/L kf08] ;d]tsf gfpFdf bflvn vf/]hx'g] u/L dfnkf]t sfof{no, ?kGb]xLaf6 ldlt@)^%.!).@! df lg0f{o eO{ ljgf]bs'df/ kf08]sfgfp+df ls= g+= !)#( sf] )–!&–!@, czf]ss'df/kf08]sf gfp+df ls= g+= !)$) sf] )–)–* /ljdnfs'df/L kf08]sf gfp+df ls= g+= @&# sf])–#–!! / ls= g+= %** sf] )–#–) hUuf btf{ePsf] / tLg} hUufx? dWo] ls=g+= !)$% sf] )–!@–) hUuf ljdnfs'df/L kf08]sf gfpFdf, ls=g+=@&# sf] )–#–!! / ls=g+= %** sf] )–#–)hUuf ljgf]bs'df/ kf08]sf gfpFdf tyf ls=g+=!$) sf] )–)–* / ls=g= !)$$ sf] )–%–!@hUuf czf]ss'df/ kf08]sf gfpFdf btf{ ePsf]eGg] lgj]bg lhsL/nfO{ ljkIfLx?n] cGoyfeGg ;s]sf] b]lvPg .

!)= o;/L dfly pNn]v ePcg';f/ ;'/tk8fOgn] rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]nfO{ z]ifkl5sf]as;kq lbPsf] hUufdf tLg efusf] Ps efuljkIfL uLtfs'df/L kf08]sf] xs sfod x'g cfPsf]b]lvPsf] / rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08]sf] d[To'kZrft\uLtfs'df/L kf08]n] cfkm\gf] nf]Ug] rlGb|sfk|;fbn]z]ifkl5sf] as;kq kfPsf] hUuf z]ifkl5sf]as;kq kfpg] hLljt cGo JolQmx?sf gfpFdfbflvn vf/]h gfd;f/L ug{ dfnkf]t sfof{nodflgj]bg lbO{ ;gfvt ;d]t ul/lbPcg';f/ljkIfLx?sf gfpFdf hUuf btf{ ;d]t eO;s]kl5


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xfn cfP/ rlGb|sfk|;fbsf] ck'tfnL gvfPsf]sf/0fn] lghn] lnPsf] C0f ltg{ gkg]{ elgPsf]tYon] klg Gofo lg/f]k0fdf ljz]if dxTj /fVb5 .

!!= ck'tfnL gvfPsf] cj:yf x'gsfnflu d[tssf xsdf /x]sf] s'g} klg ;DklQcfkm\gf gfpFdf xs x:tfGt/0f u/L glnPsf] jfd[tssf] xsdf s'g} ;DklQ gePsf] cj:yfx'g'kb{5 . t/, k|:t't d'2fdf kltsf] d[To' ePsf]eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L pQm hUuf cGo JolQmsfgfpFdf btf{ ug{ d~h"'/L lbO{ cfkm\gf 5f]/f a'xf/Lsfgfddf hUuf btf{ ;d]t u/fPsf] l:ylt b]lvgcfPsf]n] kltsf] ck'tfnL glnPsf] gvfPsf] eGg]cy{ ug{ ldNb}g . To;sf/0f leGg ePsf] eGg]cfwf/df dfq rlGb|sfk|;fbn] lnPsf] C0fsf]bfloTj oL ljkIfLx?n] Joxf]g'{ gkg]{ eGg ldn]g .

!@= cbfntaf6 ePsf km };nfsfof{Gjog x'G5g\ eGg] j}w ck]Iff /flvPsf] x'G5 .km};nf sfof{Gjog gx'g] xf] eg] To:tf] km};nfsf]s'g} cy{ /xb}g . d'n'sL P]g b08 ;hfosf] dxn,lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL h:tf sfg"gx?n]cbfntnfO{ km};nf sfof{Gjgsf] lhDd]jf/Ltf]lslbPsf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf cbfntn] km};nfsfof{Gjgsf nflu ljz]if ;lqmotf b]vfpg' kb{5 .km};nf sfof{Gjogsf nflu sfg"gsf] ;sf/fTdsJofVof / k|of]u ul/g' kb{5 . n]gb]g d'2fsfk|ltjfbL :j=rlGb|sfk|;fb ;DklQljxLg JolQmxf]Ogg\ . n]gb]g d'2fdf jfbL cyf{t\ k|:t't lgj]bsn]clGtddf lhltkfPsf ] cj:yf 5 . :j=rlGb|sfk|;fbsf kTgL, 5f]/f, a'xf/L ;d]tsf] kl/jf/klg 5 . t/ lghsf] gfddf ;DklQ e]l6Pg eGg]cfwf/df cbfntsf] clGtd km};nf cfkm}F lgliqmot'Nofpg x'Fb}g .

!#= dfly pNn]v ePcg';f/rlGb|sfk|;fbn] lgj]bs kxndfgl;Fx a/fO{nL;Fu

lnPsf] C0fsf] bfloTj oL leGg kfFr hgfnfO{z]ifkl5sf] js;kq lbg] bftf ;'/t k8fOgsf]d[To'eGbf cufj} d[To' x'g] b'O{ hgfsf] ;'/t k8fOgdfg} kms]{sf] ;DklQdWo] kfFr efusf] b'O{ efudWo];'/tsf tLg 5f]/f eO{ ;f] ;DklQdf tLg efusf]Ps efu cGt/e"t ;fDklQs xs /x]sf uLtfs'df/Lkf08] ;d]tsf] lx:;f sfod u/L ;f]af6 oL ljkIfLuLtfs'df/L kf08] ;d]tn] Joxf]g'{ kg]{ b]lvg cfPsf]n]?kGb]xL lhNnf cbfntsf txl;nbf/af6 ldlt@)^^.$.@@ df ePsf] cfb]z tyf ;f] cfb]znfO{;dy{g ug]{ u/L ?kGb]xL lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^^.&.@& df / k'g/fj]bg cbfnt a'6jnaf6ldlt @)^^.!@.% df ePsf cfb]z ;d]t pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zåf/f ab/ ul/lbPsf] 5 . ca lgj]bsn]ljuf] e/fOkfpFm egL ?kGb]xL lhNnf cbfntdfldlt @)^%.!!.@! df lbPsf] b/vf:tdf plNnlvth]yfdWo] rlGb|sfk|;fb kf08] / lk|G;s'df/ kf08]sf];'/t k8fOgdf kms] {sf] lx:;f hUufdWo]:j=rlGb|sfk|;fbsL kTgL, 5f]/f, a'xf/L ;d]tsf]gftfaf6 ljkIfL uLtfs'df/L kf08] ;d]tnfO{ k|fKttLg efusf] Ps efu hUuf;Ddaf6 lgj]bssf]ljuf] e/L e/fp;DaGwL sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg'egL ljkIfLx?sf gfpFdf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/Lul/lbPsf] 5 .cfb]zsf] hfgsf/L ljkIfLx?nfO{lbO{ bfo/Lsf] nut s6\6f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/a'́ fO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5' .

Gof=1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn c;f]h !! ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M lszf]/ l3ld/]

&&&&&

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df=lh=gof=>l 1fg]gb|axfb'/ sfsl{ · 1599 *()( – d'=;=ug]{ dx]zs'df/ uf]/vfnl...

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