do an htn thanh sinh thuy

7/31/2019 Do an HTN Thanh Sinh Thuy

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TRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGHIP

KHOA IN T

B MN: TIN HC CNG NGHIP

N MN HC

MN HC

H THNG NHNG

Tn n : iu khin ng c thng qua sng IR

Nhm sinh vin : Trn Vn Thnh

H Vn Sinh

Nguyn Th Thy

Lp : 44R

Gio vin hng dn : Ths. Nguyn Tun Anh

Thai Nguyn Thng 6 nm 2012

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Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Thi Nguyn, Ngy Thng Nm 20...

Gio Vin hng dn

(K ghi r h tn)

Nhn xt ca gio vin chm.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Thi Nguyn, Ngy Thng Nm 20...

Gio Vin chm

(K ghi r h tn)

MC LC

CHNG 1: PHN TCH BI TON ..........................................................................................4Kho st v phn tch bi ton .....................................................................................................4

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Nhim v ca iu khin t xa ....................................................................................................5Yu cu v rng buc ...................................................................................................................5

CHNG 2 :THIT K H THNG ............................................................................................7S khi tng th ca h thng ................................................................................................8S callgraph: ............................................................................................................................8

S c t h thng: ..................................................................................................................9S nguyn l v cc module: ..................................................................................................92.4.1. Module iu khin: ......................................................................................................102.4.2. Module hin th: ...........................................................................................................132.4.3. Module ng c...........................................................................................................14

La chn linh kin ......................................................................................................................152.5.1. Khi iu khin ............................................................................................................152.5.2. Khi ngun: ..................................................................................................................182.5.3. Khi pht tn hiu hng ngoi: ....................................................................................192.5.4 . ng c 12V DC .........................................................................................................212.5.5.Mt thu hng ngoi .......................................................................................................222.5.6. Cch ly quang: PC817 ..................................................................................................23

S m phng .........................................................................................................................24S thut ton: .........................................................................................................................28

CHNG 3: XY DNG H THNG ......................................................................................31Xy dng phn cng: ................................................................................................................31

Module ngun: ........................................................................................................................31Module iu khin: .................................................................................................................32Module ng c: ....................................................................................................................33

Xy dng phn mm: .................................................................................................................34K thut iu ch xung PWM ................................................................................................34Chng trnh iu khin np cho chip AT89C52: ................................................................37

KT LUN ....................................................................................................................................38

LI NI U

Nh chng ta d bit ,hin nay khoa hc k thut ngy cng pht trin. Vic tm

hiu v a sng IR vo iu khin cc thit b, ng c ngy cng ph bin c bit l

cc thit b trong gia nh nh TV ,u a ,my iu ha ,cc loi chi Vic iu

khin cc thit b t xa, nht l cc loi my mc trong iu kin xu, khng thch hp

iu khin trc tip, th vic s dng iu khin t xa l rt cn thit.

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Thm na, vi u im l iu khin d dng, n nh cao, cho nn hin nay,

ng c mt chiu v ang c s dng kh ph bin, chng hn nh dng

truyn ng cho mt s loi my mc nh my nghin, my nng, my vn chuyn, iu

khin bng ti, iu khin cc loi robot

Do , vic ng dng cng ngh iu khin thit b t xa bng sng IR l rtthun li v tin ch,v vy nhm em chn ti iu khin tc v o chiu

ng c thng qua sng IR lm ti cho n mn hc H Thng Nhng, v

thy c nhng li ch m n mang li v s th v ca ti ny.

Trong qu trnh thc hin n ,chng em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong b

mn Tin Hc Cng Nghip, c bit l Th.sNguyn Tun Anh , thy tn tnh

hng dn v ch bo chng em chng em hon thnh tt ti th v ny.

Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!

Nhm thc hin ti:

Trn Vn Thnh

H Vn Sinh

Nguyn Th Thy

CHNG 1: PHN TCH BI TON

Kho st v phn tch bi tonVic iu khin t xa bng sng IR tr thnh ph bin v ng vai tr quan trng

trong mt s thit b c bit l thit b gia nh. N gip ta c th iu khin c cc

thit b t xa m khng cn phi s dng mt s nt gn trn thit b nh vic iu

khin mt s chc nng ca TV ,my iu ha nhit ,my chiu

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Da vo chc nng ca nhng chic iu khin t xa bng sng IR m ph bin v

d dng tm kim, s dng l remote TV, c bit theo yu cu ca ti nhm em s

thit k mt mch iu khin ng c c kh nng bt tt, thay i tc , o chiu

ng c thng qua remote TV. Ngoi ra cn c th vn hnh ng c bng cc nt bm

tng ng.

Nhim v ca iu khin t xaH thng iu khin t xa l mt h thng cho php ta iu khin cc thit b t mt

khong cch xa. V d nh h thng iu khin bng v tuyn, h thng iu khin t xa

bng cp quang dy dn, h thng iu khin t xa bng hng ngoi. Do , h thng c

nhng nhim v c bn sau:

- Pht tn hiu iu khin.

- To ra xung hoc hnh thnh cc xung cn thit.- T hp xung thnh m.

- Pht cc t hp m n im chp hnh.

im chp hnh ( thit b thu ) sau khi nhn c m phi bin i cc m nhn

c thnh cc lnh iu khin v a n cc thit b, ng thi kim tra s chnh xc

ca m mi nhn.

Yu cu v rng bucNhng yu cu v rng buc c t ra cho ti:

a. Yu cu:- S dng thit b thng dng l remote TV ( thay cho thit b pht sng hng ngoi)

iu khin ng c mt chiu 12V

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- Phi thc hin cng vic o chiu ng c, thay i tc ng c, v hin th

trng thi lm vic ca ng c. Tt c c iu khin bng remote TV v nt

bm iu khin.

- iu khin tc s dng k thut iu ch rng xung PWMb. Rng buc:

- S dng chung mt ngun 12V cho c ng c v vi iu khin (tc phi thit k

mt b ngun c chia t adapter 12V, thnh 2 b ngun 5V v 12V, nhm tit

kim chi ph ).

- S dng vi iu khin 8051

- Quy nh cc nt bm trn remote nh sau :

+ Power :dng ng c

+ Up: quay thun

+ Down: quay ngc

+ Up volume: tng tc

+ Down volume: gim tc

- C n bo hin th trng thi lm vic ca ng c: thun (n xanh), nghch

(n ) v dng (n vng), hin th mc tc ca ng c theo xung PWM

(nu c th).

- H thng phi c cch ly v in gia mch iu khin v mch ng lc bo

m chng nhiu cho b iu khin.

- C kh nng iu khin bng remote v nt bm xem k nhau.

- ng c phi c gn cnh qut trn m hnh tin theo di s thay i tc

.

- Thit k m hnh phi gn gng, p , d quan st v iu khin. M hnh phi

tit kim chi ph.

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CHNG 2 :THIT K H THNG

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Chng trnh iukhinInput

ng c

Hin th

PWM(Timer 0)

Led 7thanh

Remote

Led n

Cng tc

S c t h thng:

Nt Stop

Nt Thun

Nt Nghch

Nt Tng

Nt Gim

Down Vol

Up vol

Down

Up

Power

Gim tc Quay ThunTng tc Quay Nghch Dng

iukhin

bng ntbm

iukhinbng

Remote

S nguyn l v cc module:Trong ti iu khin ng c bng sng IR ny, chng em thit k phn

cng ca h thng chia lm 4 khi:

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- Khi ngun

- Khi x l v iu khin

- Khi vn hnh ng c

- Khi hin th

2.4.1. Module iu khin:Khi iu khin trung tm dng vi iu khin AT89C52. Khi c tn hiu tc ng t

cc nt bm iu khin cc chn P1.0, P1.1, P1.2, P1.3, P1.4 hoc tn hiu t mt thu

nhn c , em phn tch x l , xc nh lnh iu khin tng ng, vi iu khin s

xut tn hiu iu khin khi hin th(led n) v khi chp hnh(module ng c)

theo cc chng trnh thit lp sn.

B to dao ng dng thch anh 12MHz cung cp ngun dao ng cho vi iu khin.

B reset nhm to ra xung reset, xc lp trng thi ban u cho vi iu khin khi ntreset c nhn.

B phn mt thu hng ngoi, c chn thu tn hiu hng ngoi c a vo chn ngt

INT0(P3.2) ca vi iu khin.

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S nguyn l ca module iu khin nh sau:

12

GND20

VCC40

T2/P1.01

T2 EX/P1.12

P1.23

P1.34

P1.45

P1.56

P1.67

P1.78

RESET9

RXD/P3.010

TXD/P3.111

INT0/P3.212

INT1/P3.313

T0/P3.414

T1/P3.515

WR/P3.616

RD/P3.717

XTAL118

XTAL219

P2.0/A8 21

P2.1/A9 22

P2.2/A10 23

P2.3/A11 24

P2.4/A1225

P2.5/A1326

P2.6/A1427

P2.7/A1528

PSEN29ALE/PROG30

EA/VPP31

P0.0/AD039

P0.1/AD138

P0.2/AD237

P0.3/AD3 36

P0.4/AD435

P0.5/AD534

P0.6/AD633

P0.7/AD732

IC1

AT89C52

X112MHz

C2

33pF

C3

33pF

R12

10K

C110uF

GND

VCC

GND

R41k

R51k

R61k

R71k

R81k

VCC

GND

R1

220

R2

220

R3

220

VCC

GND

VCC

GND

STOP

Q_THUAN

Q_NGUOC

TANG

GIAM

XTAL1XTAL2

STOP

THUAN

NGHICH

RESET

RESET

XTAL1

XTAL2

VCC

VCC

12VGND

GND2

abcdefgh

VCC

R9

1kR101k

12

HD1

Header 2

12

HD2

Header 2

1

2

SW1SW

1

2

SW2SW

1

2

SW3SW

1

2

SW4SW

1

2

SW5SW

1

2

SW6SW

12

JP4JP2

A1

A2

A1

A2

123

JP3

JP3

12345678

JP1

JP8

LED1

LEDLED2

LEDLED3

LED

RolePWM

STOPTHUANNGHICH

A1A2

R1122

12

JP2

JP2

Mat thu hong ngoai

KHOI HIEN THI

MODULE DIEU KHIEN


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2.4.2. Module hin th:L cc led n hin th trng thi lm vic ca ng c:

- Led vng: Trng thi dng ng c.- Led xanh: Trng thi quay thun chiu.

- Led : Trng thi quay ngc chiu.

Module hin th nhn tn hiu iu khin t vi iu khin, a ra cc chn P1.5, P1.6,

P1.7, tng ng vi lnh iu khin c a ra.

S nguyn l:

P1.7

P1.5

P1.6

D2

LED-BLUE

D3

LED-GREEN

D1

LED-RED

STOP

THUAN

NGHICH

HIEN THI CHE DO

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2.4.3. Module ng c.

Module ng c nhn tn hiu iu khin t vi iu khin:- Chn P3.6: nhn tn hiu iu khin relay 2 cp tip im, c tc dng thay i

chiu ng c.

- Chn P3.7: nhn tn hiu xung PWM iu khin tc ng c, da theo k

thut iu ch xung PWM.

S nguyn l module ng c:

14

123

8

7

456

RL1

R1

2k2

R2

4k7

R310k

R4

2k2

R5

4k7

R710kR6

10k

+5

+5

dir

GND+12

+12

GND

pwm

m+m-

role+12

+12role

+12

Q4B562

Q1D468

Q2D468

+12

pdir

ppwm

ppwm

pdirpdir

LED1

LED

LED2

LED 12

HD1Header 2

D1

1N4007

D2

1N4007

1 23 4

SW1

SW

1 23 4

SW2

SW

12

HD2

Header 2

+12

GND

12

HD4

Header 2

pwmdir

G

D

S

Q3IRF540

1

2 3

4U2

PC817

1

2 3

4U1

PC817

12

HD3

Header 2

+5

GND2

MODULE DIEU KHIEN DONG CO

C1

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La chn linh kin

2.5.1. Khi iu khinVi iu khin 89C52 l mt vi iu khin thuc h 8051 (MCS-51). H vi iu

khin MCS-51 do Intel sn xut u tin vo nm 1980 l cc IC thit k cho cc ng

dng hng iu khin. Cc IC ny chnh l mt h thng vi x l hon chnh bao gm

cc cc thnh phn ca h vi x l: CPU, b nh, cc mch giao tip, iu khin ngt.

MCS-51 l h vi iu khin s dng c ch CISC (Complex Instruction Set

Computer), c di v thi gian thc thi ca cc lnh khc nhau. Tp lnh cung cpcho MCS-51 c cc lnh dng cho iu khin xut / nhp tc ng n tng bit.

AT89C52 l vi iu khin do Atmel sn xut, ch to theo cng ngh CMOS c

cc c tnh nh sau:

- 8 KB PEROM (Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory), c kh

nng ti 1000 chu k ghi xo

- Tn s hot ng t: 0Hz n 24 MHz

- mc kha b nh lp trnh

- 256 Byte RAM ni.

- Port xut /nhp I/O 8 bit.

- b Timer/counter 16 Bit.

- 8 ngun ngt.

- Giao tip ni tip iu khin bng phn cng.

- 64 KB vng nh m ngoi

- 64 KB vng nh d liu ngoi.

- Cho php x l bit.

- 210 v tr nh c th nh v bit.

- chu k my (4 s i vi thch anh 12MHz) cho hot ng nhn hoc chia.

- C cc ch ngh (Low-power Idle) v ch ngun gim (Power-down

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S chn Vi iu khin AT89C52

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Hnh nh thc t Vi iu khin AT89C52

Chip AT89C52 c cc tn hiu iu khin

cn phi lu nh sau:

- Tn hiu vo /EA trn chn 31 thngt ln mc cao ( +5V) hoc mc thp (GND).

Nu mc cao, 8951 thi hnh chng trnh t

ROM ni trong khong a ch thp (4K vi89C51 hoc ti a 8k i vi 89C52). Nu

mc thp, chng trnh c thi hnh t b nh

m rng (ti a n 64Kbyte). Ngoi ra ngi ta

cn dng /EA lm chn cp in p 12V khi lp

trnh EEPROM trong 8051.

- Chn PSEN (Program store enable): PSEN l chn tn hiu ra trn chn 29. N ltn hiu iu khin cho php chng trnh m rng, PSEN thng c ni n chn

/OE (Output Enable) ca mt EPROM hoc ROM cho php c cc byte m lnh.

Hy nh rng : bnh thng chn /PSEN s c th trng ( No Connect).Ch khi no

cho /EA mc thp th lc : /PSEN s mc thp trong thi gian ly lnh. Cc m

nh phn ca chng trnh c ly t EPROM qua bus d liu v c cht vo thanh

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ghi lnh ca 8951 gii m lnh. /PSEN mc th ng (mc cao) nu thi hnh

chng trnh trong ROM ni ca 89C52.

- Cc chn ngun: AT89C52 hot ng ngun n +5V. Vcc c ni vo chn40, v Vss (GND) c ni vo chn 20.

- L do chn AT89C52: ph hp vi cng vic ti cn gii quyt, gi thnh r,d s dng, c hc v c hng dn k cng trong mn Vi x l-Vi iu khin

ca thy Nguyn Tun Anh.

2.5.2. Khi ngun:

Khi ngun ca mch s dng IC n p LM7805 thuc dng 78xx. 78xx l loi

IC dng n nh in p dng vi iu kin in p u vo lun lun ln hn u

ra 3V. Dng IC 78xx c nhiu loi, n nh nhiu mc in p khc nhau, c th y7805 l dng n nh in p u ra mc 5V.

Hnh nh thc ca LM 7805

LM 7805 ng gi dng TO-220 gm c 3 chn:

1. Vin: Chn u ngun vo

2. GND: Chn ni t

3. Vout: Chn u ngun ra

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Mc ch s dng n p 7805 trong ti ny l h p n gin t 12V xung 5V

phc v cp ngun cho vi iu khin v Opto PC817.

Mch n p dng trn n p 7805 (78xx ni chung) rt n nh v hiu qu nn

c s dng rng ri, s lp mch n gin nh sau:

S mch n p dng IC n p 7805

2.5.3. Khi pht tn hiu hng ngoi: pht tn hiu iu khin hng ngoi ta s dng remote TV thng dng, nhn

hiu Sony RM780.

Tn hiu sng mang t LED hng ngoi ca remote Sony pht ra c tn s

khong t 36KHz n 38KHz. Sng mang ny chuyn ch tn hiu d liu m ha cdng nh sau:

Trong :

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- Bit 0 c m ha bng mt xung mc thp 600 s v chuyn trng thi sang mc

cao 600 s

- Bit 1 c m ha bng mt xung mc thp 600 s v chuyn trng thi sang mc

cao 1200 s.Khi ta bm mt phm no trn remote th remote s pht i mt lot tn hiu xung c

dng nh sau:

Tn hiu qua mt thu hng ngoi s c o li nh sau:

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- Xung start s c pht i trc v c dng l mt tn hiu mc cao trong khong thi

gian 1800s .Tip theo l cc bit d liu, tng cng c 12bit d liu v kt thc bngmt xung Stop mc thp trong thi gian 1800 s. Tip theo th tn hiu s c duy tr

mc thp trong khong thi gian 20ms v xung start th 2 s c pht i bo hiu

cho s tip tc ca mt khung d liu th 2. Khung d liu ny hon ton ging vi

khung d liu trc .V c tip tc cho n khi no bung phm remote ra th thi.

- Mc ch ca cng vic thc hin gii m tn hiu hng ngoi l phi ly c 12bit d

liu m remote pht i. Mi phm bm ca remote s cho gi tr 12 bit d liu khc nhau.

Dng chng trnh vi iu khin phn tch 12 bit d liu ny th chng ta s iu

khin tt m nhng thit b in t xa v thc hin ti ny hoc nhng ti tng tmt cch d dng.

2.5.4 . ng c 12V DC Trong ti ny, nhm s dng ng c mt chiu 12V c cng sut 0.5kW, tc

ti a: 4500 vng/pht. Hnh dng ng c:

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2.5.5.Mt thu hng ngoiS dng mt thu hng ngoi 3 chn thng dng trn th trng thu tn hiu hng

ngoi t remote TV.

Hnh nh thc ca mt thu hng ngoi

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Quy c chn ca mt thu

2.5.6. Cch ly quang: PC817

- Opto hay cn gi l cch ly quang l linh kin tch hp c cu to gm 1 led v 1

photo diot hay 1 photo transitor. c dng cch ly gia cc khi chnh lch nhau v

in hay cng sut nh khi c cng sut nh vi khi in p ln. Hoc c th dng

chng nhiu cho cc mch cu H, ng ra PLC, chng nhiu cho cc thit b o lng

- Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi c dng nh di qua 2 u ca led c trong opto lm cho led pht sng. Khi led

pht sng lm thng 2 cc ca photo diot(hoc pht transitor), m cho dng in chy

qua.

- Mc ch s dng trong ti: nhm cch ly gia vi iu khin vi mch ng c

12V.

- Hnh nh ca OPTO PC817:

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S m phngM phng ton b mch nguyn l h thng trn phn mm m phng Proteus nh sau:

P1.5

P1.6

P1.7

P3.6

P3.7

R11k

R21k

R31k

R41k

R51k

XTAL218

XTAL119

ALE30

EA31

PSEN29

RST9

P0.0/AD039

P0.1/AD138

P0.2/AD237

P0.3/AD336

P0.4/AD435

P0.5/AD534

P0.6/AD633

P0.7/AD732

P1.01

P1.12

P1.23

P1.34

P1.45

P1.56

P1.67

P1.78

P3.0/RXD10

P3.1/TXD11

P3.2/INT012

P3.3/INT113

P3.4/T014

P3.7/RD17

P3.6/WR16

P3.5/T115

P2.7/A15 28

P2.0/A821

P2.1/A922

P2.2/A1023

P2.3/A1124

P2.4/A1225

P2.5/A1326

P2.6/A1427

U1

AT89C51

STOP THUAN NGHICH TANG GIAM

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26

P3.6

P3.7

Q1D468

Q2B256

Q3D468

RL112V

12v

6

5

4

1

2

U2

OPTOCOUPLER-NPN

6

5

4

1

2

U3

OPTOCOUPLER-NPN

D4

LED-RED

R6

2k2

12V

12V

R7

4k7

R810k

Q4IRF540

R910k

D5DIODE

D6DIODE

C1

0.1u

D7

LED-GREENR10

2k2

12V

R11

4k7

R1210k


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P1.7

P1.5

P1.6

D2

LED-BLUE

D3

LED-GREEN

D1

LED-RED

STOP

THUAN

NGHICH

HIEN THI CHE DO

27


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S thut ton ca chng trnh con phc v ngt Timer 0:

Phc v ngtTimer 0

Dem ++

PWM=1

Chng trnhchnhDem=0

exit

PWM=0

Dem > phantram_pwm

Dem=20

S thut ton gii m sng IR nhn c t mt thu hng ngoi:

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CHNG 3: XY DNG H THNG

Xy dng phn cng:Phn cng c chia ra lm 3 module:

- Module ngun

- Module iu khin: bao gm b vi x l, hin th led n v led 7 thanh

- Module ng c: nhn tn hiu t module iu khin vn hnh ng c.

Module ngun:S nguyn l ca module ngun gm u ra 12V v 5V:

31

IN1

GND

2

OUT3

IC1

LM7805

+DC

-DC

1

2

3

JDC1

Jac DC

C12200uF C2

470uF

LED1LED

R1220

C3104

12

HD1

Header 2

Adapter 12VVout 5V

MODULE NGUON


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Module iu khin:S nguyn l module mch iu khin c v trn phn mm Altium Designer:

32

GND20

VCC40

T2/P1.01

T2 EX/P1.12

P1.23

P1.34

P1.45

P1.56

P1.67

P1.78

RESET9

RXD/P3.010

TXD/P3.111

INT0/P3.212

INT1/P3.313

T0/P3.414

T1/P3.515

WR/P3.616RD/P3.7

17

XTAL118

XTAL219

P2.0/A821

P2.1/A922

P2.2/A1023

P2.3/A11 24

P2.4/A12 25

P2.5/A13 26

P2.6/A14 27P2.7/A15

28

PSEN29ALE/PROG30

EA/VPP31

P0.0/AD039

P0.1/AD138

P0.2/AD237

P0.3/AD3 36

P0.4/AD4 35

P0.5/AD5 34

P0.6/AD6 33

P0.7/AD732

IC1

AT89C52

X112MHz

C2

33pF

C3

33pF

R1210K

C110uF

GND

VCC

GND

R41k

R51k

R61k

R71k

R81k

VCC

GND

R1

220

R2

220

R3

220

VCC

GND

VCC

GND

STOP

Q_THUAN

Q_NGUOC

TANG

GIAM

XTAL1XTAL2

STOP

THUAN

NGHICH

RESET

RESET

XTAL1

XTAL2

VCC

VCC

12VGND

GND2

abcdef

gh

VCC

R9

1kR101k

12

HD1

Header 2

12

HD2

Header 2

1

2

SW1SW

1

2

SW2SW

1

2

SW3SW

1

2

SW4SW

1

2

SW5SW

1

2

SW6

SW

12

JP4JP2

A1

A2

A1

A2

123

JP3

JP3

123456

78

JP1

JP8

LED1

LEDLED2

LEDLED3

LED

RolePWM

STOPTHUANNGHICH

A1A2

R1122

12

JP2

JP2

Mat thu hong ngoai

KHOI HIEN THI

MODULE DIEU KHIEN


33/38

Module ng c:

S nguyn l mch ng c:

33

123

8

7

456

RL1

R1

2k2

R2

4k7

R310k

R4

2k2

R5

4k7

R710k

R6

10k

+5

+5

dir

GND+12

+12

GND

pwm

m+m-

role+12

+12role

+12

Q4

B562

Q1D468

Q2D468

+12

pdir

ppwm

ppwm

pdirpdir

LED1

LED

LED2

LED 12

HD1Header 2

D1

1N4007

D2

1N4007

1 23 4

SW1

SW

1 23 4

SW2

SW

12

HD2

Header 2

+12

GND

12

HD4

Header 2

pwmdir

G

D

S

Q3IRF540

1

2 3

4U2

PC817

1

2 3

4U1

PC817

12

HD3

Header 2

+5

GND2

MODULE DIEU KHIEN DONG CO

C1

104


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Xy dng phn mm:

K thut iu ch xung PWM iu khin c tc ng c th ta ch cn thay i rng xung trong vi

iu khin. rng xung cng ln th ng c quay cng nhanh.

Nh chng ta bit th vic iu khin nhp nhy 1 con LED cng l chng ta

iu ch c PWM ri nhng xung c rng thay i v tn s ln v c th iu

khin n bng hm tr (delay). Tuy nhin khi dng hm delay th trong thi gian xung

ln 5V v xung 0V th vi iu khin khng lm g c hn na vic to xung hm delay

th nu ta mun pht xung 2 knh c rng thay i l rt kh khn cho nn chng ta

s dng b nh thi timer y l phng php ti u nht

a) Ngt ca b nh thi Time:

Ngt l s p ng nhng s kin bn trong v bn ngoi nhm thng bo cho b vi

iu khin bit thit b ang cn phc v.

Mt chng trnh khng c ngt th chy lin tc, cn chng trnh m c ngt th c

khi no c ngt c m bo th con tr s nhy sang hm ngt thc hin xong th hmngt quay tr v ng ch c v thc hin tip chng trnh chnh.

Nhn vo tin trnh ca hm main v c ngt : Chng trnh chnh ang chy, ngt

xy ra, thc hin hm ngt ri quay li chng trnh chnh . Thi gian thc hin hm

ngt rt nh cho nn thi gian thc hin hm ngt khng nh hng g n chc nng

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ca hm chnh nh vy l trong hm ngt thc hin 1 cng vic v trong hm chnh

chng ta thc hin 1 cng vic.

Vi ngt ngoi nu ta khai bo chn s dng ngt ngoi (P3_2) m chn s dng cho

ngt m khng s dng cho IO th c 1 xung xut hin chn ny th vi iu khin nhn

ra rng l c iu kin tc ng vo phn cng v vi iu khin thc hin chng trnhngt.

Vi ngt cng ni tip th c khi thu xong 1 k t hay truyn song 1 k t cng ni

tip , nu ta c s dng ngt truyn d liu ni tip th chng trnh s nhy n

chng trnh phc v ngt.

* Hm ngt:

Void tenhamngat(void) interrupt ngun ngt

{// Chng trnh ngt y

}

+ Ch v hm ngt.

- Hm ngt khng c tr li hay truyn bin vo hm

- Tn hm bt k

- Interrupt l hm ngt phi phn bit vi hm khc

- Ngun ngt t 0-5 theo bng vecto ngt

- Bng thanh ghi Ram chn t 0-3

Cc bng ca ngun ngt.

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Ring ngt Reset khng tnh bt u m t 0 v ngt ngoi t 0.

void timer1_isr(void) interrupt 3 using 0

{

// Lenh can thuc hien.

}b) To Timer 0

Do yu cu ca bi ton l iu khin tc ng c quay nhanh v quay chm

trong khi chy thun nghch nn d nguyn chu k v thay i thi gian m. Yu cu

nh sau

+ ng c quay thun nghch bnh thng : 1000us

+ ng c tng tc ln nht : 100us

+ ng c gim tc ln nht : 2000us

Khi bt u cho timer 0 chy th b m ca timer s m dao ng thch anh, c 12

dao ng ca thch anh th b m timer 0 TL0 s m tng 1 , c th ni timer 0 m

chu k my i vi ch 8bit

TL0 l thanh ghi 8 bit n m t 0 n 255 . Nu n m n 256 th n trn b m .

TL0 li quay v 0 v c ngt TF0 t ng np li gi tr 1 v ngt c xy ra

Nh i vi bi ton ny th ta ch cn to timer 0 l 100us nn ta tnh theo cng thc

ta c :

Timer0 = (255 TL0) * 1s

Nh vy to c timer0 l 100us th cn phi gn gi tr TL0=155 th n m t

155 255 tc l 100 ln th ngt mi xy ra

iu khin nhanh chm ca ng c ta phi to ra cc xung c rng l 5%,

10%.......95%,100%.

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do an htn thanh sinh thuy

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