domain bacteria and archaea (kingdom monera )
DESCRIPTION
Domain Bacteria and Archaea (Kingdom Monera ). Prokaryotes Microscopic organisms that do NOT have a nucleus 1 to 10 micrometers (1/1000 of a millimetre) Single celled organisms Can form colonies Do NOT contain complex organelles, but do have: Genetic material (DNA) Ribosomes Cell wall - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Living Organisms
Prokaryotes
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Eukaryotes
Domain Eukarya
Extreme environments
-Protists-Fungus-Plants
-Animals
Most environments
(most abundant)
Domain Bacteria and Archaea(Kingdom Monera) Prokaryotes
Microscopic organisms that do NOT have a nucleus 1 to 10 micrometers (1/1000 of a
millimetre)Single celled organisms
Can form coloniesDo NOT contain complex organelles, but
do have: Genetic material (DNA) Ribosomes Cell wall Plasma membrane
size of bacteria
Methods of Identifying Bacteria1. Cell Shape
Sphere (cocci)Rod (bacilli)Spiral (spirilla)
2. Cell Wall: Provides physical protection Prevents cell from bursting in _______
environments Can plasmolysize in
__________environments (preserving meat)
Gram-positive: Simpler walls will a large amount of peptidoglycanExample: Streptococcus (strep throat or
tooth decay)
Gram-negative: Have less peptidoglycan Structurally more complex:
More proteins, extra plasma membrane and lipopolysaccharide
Example: E.Coli, Salmonella and Gonorrhoea
Gram staining: Detects the peptidoglycanGram positive will absorb the dye in its
peptidogylcan layers and turns violetGram negative will not absorb the dye
and is red
Four Phyla1.Eubacteria:
True bacteria Cell wall composed of complex
carbohydrates for protection Cell membrane (may have two) Most contain flagella Can be photosynthetic (autotrophs) or
heterotrophs
2. Cyanobacteria Blue green bacteria Photosynthetic Contain chlorophyll a (pigment) in the
membrane allows for photosynthesis (i.e no chloroplasts)
3. Archaebacteria: Called methanogens b/c they give off
methane gas (found in digestive tract) Live in extremely harsh conditions and
with little oxygen (arctic, hotsprings, salt)
4. Prochlorobacteria: Photosynthetic Contain chlorophyll a and b Closely related to chloroplasts plants
Cell WallGram staining
using crystal violet purple and safranine red
Cells with one thick layer of carbohydrates and protein take up crystal violet (stain purple) • Gram Positive Bacteria
Cells with a second layer of lipids and carbohydrates take up safranine (stain red)• Gram Negative Bacteria
Bacterial MovementFlagella (one or more)Spiral or wiggle forwardLayer of slime slideSessile (do not move)
Methods of Obtaining EnergyAutotrophs- trap energy from the
sunlight Phototrophic autotroph-produce food
from sunlight Chemotrophic autotroph- produce
food from inorganic molecules (sulphur, iron, nitrides)
Heterotrophs-obtain energy by taking organic molecules and breaking them down Chemotrophic heterotroph –most
bacteria/humans Phototrophic heterotroph-can use
sunlight for energy but also need organic molecules
Methods of RespirationObligate aerobe (must have oxygen)Oligate anaerobe (cannot have oxygen)Facultative Anaerobe (with or without
oxygen)