domain eukarya kingdom plantae phylum chlorophyta green algae
TRANSCRIPT
Domain EukaryaKingdom Plantae
Phylum Chlorophyta
Green Algae
Looking Back at Bio 115The Organism as a Unit of Life
Cellular Structure (cell = unit of life)…one or many!
Metabolism = Homeostasis (PSN, Resp, N2fix, ferment, etc.)
Growth = irreversible change in size
Reproduction…failure = extinction
Acclimatization-short term responses = behavior
Adaptation-long term responses = evolution
Shifting Kingdoms2 3 5 6 8
Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria Bacteria
Archaebacteria
ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteri
aArchaebacteri
aArchaebacter
ia
Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans Archezoans
Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids Euglenoids
Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes Chrysophytes
Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae Green Algae
Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae Brown Algae
Red algae Red algae Red algae Red algae Red algae
Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds Slime Molds
True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi True Fungi
Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes Bryophytes
Tracheophytes Tracheophytes Tracheophytes TracheophytesTracheophyte
s
Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans Protozoans
Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans Myxozoans
Multicellular Animals
Multicellular Animals
Multicellular Animals
Multicellular Animals
Multicellular Animals
Lumpers Splitters
Plantae Protista Plantae
How Many Kingdoms?Multicellul
ar Animals
Myxozoans
Protozoans
Tracheophytes
Bryophytes
True Fungi
Slime Molds
Red algae
Brown Algae
Green Algae
Chrysophytes
Euglenoids
Archezoans
Archaebacteria
Bacteria
Original Cell
Extant
Extinct
Long Time with
Prokaryotes only
8
5
3
2
1
Kingdom Plantae is a clade
Plants as a Clade
• Photosynthetic Organisms: Unifying features Cellulose walls glued together with
pectin
Chlorophyll a and b, xanthophylls, carotenoids
Store starch
Standard plant chloroplasts, mitochondria, golgi, etc.
Most have Diplohaplontic (sporic) life history
Most have Oogamous gametes
cellulosic wall
cell membrane
chloroplast
http://www.unap.cl/~cbrieba/common/chlamydomonas.jpg
Chlamydomonas
http://universe-review.ca/I10-23-chlamydomonas.jpg
mitochondria
nucleus
flagella
eyespot
contractile
vacuole
cytosol
starch
pyrenoid
http://www.biology.wustl.edu/faculty/images/goodenoughcaption.jpg
http://www.isis.de/members/~ralfwagner/Bilder/Chlamydomonas_spec_Zygote.jpg
Chlamydomonas cells of opposite mating type join in syngamy to form a zygote which develops a thick wall as a hypnospore.Upon return to better conditions, the zygote undergoes meiosis and releases flagellated cells of both mating types.
SYNGAMY
zygote
SporophyteGametophyte
sporangium
sporocytespores
gametangia
gametesgerminationmitosis
differentiation
mitosisgerminationmitosis
mitosis
1N 2Ndifferentiation
differentiation
differentiation
MEIOSIS
Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas
http://www.isis.de/
members/~ralfwagner/
Bilder/
Chlamydomonas_spec_Zygote.j
pghttp://
www.biology.wustl.ed
u/faculty/images/
goodenoughcaption.jp
g
http://www.unap.cl/
~cbrieba/common/
chlamydomonas.jpg
http://www.isis.de/
members/~ralfwagner/
Bilder/
Chlamydomonas_spec_Zygote.j
pg
definitely zygotic(haplontic)
is it gametic?(diplontic)
http://bio59000.free.fr/Photosbio59000/Biovegetale/Algues/Ulva%20lactuca.gif
Ulva lactuca thallus
Ulva life cycleThere are three isomorphic thalli:
Some species of Ulva are
anisogamous.
Since they are motile, they are also called zoospores.
The meiospores made by the sporophyte are of two mating types.
+
+–
–
1N 2N
zygoteisogametes
+ –
+–
sporocyte
Gametophytes
Sporophyte
syngamy
meiosis
settles on
substrate
settle on substrate
holdfast
The life cycle is:sporic: diplohaplonticgametic: diplonticzygotic: haplontic
√
http://massbay.mit.edu/exoticspecies/exoticmaps/images/codium_big.jpg
Codium
Codium Life Cycle The life cycle is:sporic: diplohaplonticgametic: diplonticzygotic: haplontic√
1N 2N
syngamy
anisogametes
zygote
sporangium
sporocytes
zoospores
Sporophytes
2 sexes
holdfast
meiosis
http://www.plingfactory.de/Science/GruKlaOeko/Teichleben/Algen/Oedogonium%20sp..jpg
Oedogonium thallus
http://www.botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Chlorophyta/Oedogonium_Images/Zoospore_MC.low.jpg
Oedogonium
Here the filaments are out of focus.The asexual zoospore is in focus.
http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/page/1810/Oedogonium.gif
Oogonium
http://www.csupomona.edu/~jcclark/classes/bot125/resource/graphics/g/chl_oedogonium.jpg
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/fo44/18.jpg
Oedogonium
This is the zoospore, or maybe it is the sperm. Both have the same look!
When both oogonium and antheridium
appear on the same filament the alga is homothallic.
Oedogonium Life Cycle
The zygote divides meiotically to release 4 zoospores.
Since antheridia and oogonia are on the same filaments, this species is homothallic.
This life cycle is haplontic (zygotic).
1N 2N
syngamy
meiosis
zygote (hypnospor
e)(in
oogonium)
Zoospores settle down with a holdfast and grow into a filament.
sperm
chemotaxisegg (in oogonium)
Vegetative zoospores can clone the gametophyte
empty antheridia