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8/6/2019 Doreen Newborn

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N URSING C ARE OF A N EWBORN AND F AMILY

Prepared by:

Doreen Payumo


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F OR H EALTH P ROMOTION OF THE TERM N EWBORN

Assessment

Assessment begins immediately after birth

Continued at every contact during a newborn's hospital stay, early homevisits, and well-baby visits.

Teaching parents to make assessments concerning their infant's vitalsigns and overall health.


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P ROFILE OF A N EWBORN

Vi tal Stat i st ic s

Vital statistics for a newborn include weight, length, and head andchest circumference.


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W e igh t

The birth weight of newborns varies depending on the nutritional,intrauterine, and genetic factors that were present during pregnancy.

A newborn loses 5% to 10% of birth weight (6 to 10 oz) during the first fewdays after birth.

This weight loss occurs because the newborn is no longer under theinfluence of salt- and fluid-retaining maternal hormones.


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A newborn also voids and passes stool, all measures that reduce weight.because approximately 75% to 90% of a newborn's weight is fluid.


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L en g t h

The average birth length (50th percentile) of a mature female neonate is 53

cm (20.9 in).

For mature males, the average birth length is 54 cm (21.3 in).

The lower limit of normal length is arbitrarily set at 46 cm (18 in).

Rare babies with lengths as great as 57.5 cm (24 in) have been reported.

H ead C ircu mfe r en c e

The head circumference is usually 34 to 35 cm (13.5 to 14 in).

Greater than 37 cm (14.8 in) or less than 33 cm (13.2 in) should be carefullyinvestigated for neurologic involvement.

Head circumference is measured with a tape measure.

Drawn across the center of the forehead and around the most prominentportion of the posterior head.


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T empe r at ur e

The temperature of newborns is about 99 F (37.2 C) at birth becausethey have been confined in an internal body organ.

The temperature of birthing rooms, approximately 68 F to 72 F (21 Cto 22 C), can add to this loss of heat.


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Assessing the Average Newborn


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6.) St oo ls

The first stool of a newborn is usually passed within 24 hours after birth.

It consists of meconium, a sticky, tarlike, blackish-green, odorless material.

If a newborn does not pass a meconium stool by 24 to 48 hours after birth, thepossibility of imperforate anus or bowel obstruction should be suspected.

About the second or third day of life, newborn stool changes in color andconsistency, becoming green and loose.

By the fourth day of life, breast-fed babies pass three or four light yellow stoolsper day.

They are sweet smelling, because breast milk is high in lactic acid, whichreduces the amount of putrefactive organisms in the stool.


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A newborn who receives formula usually passes two or three bright yellowstools a day.

These have a slightly more noticeable odor, compared with the stools of breast-fed babies.


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A .) B l i nk R eflex

A blink reflex in a newborn serves the same purpose as it does in an adult

to protect the eye from any object coming near it by rapid eyelid closure.It may be elicited by shining a strong light such as a flashlight or otoscopelight on an eye.

A sudden movement toward the eye sometimes can elicit the blink reflex.

B .) R oo t i n g R eflex

If the cheek is brushed or stroked near the corner of the mouth, a newborninfant will turn the head in that direction.This reflex serves to help a newborn find food.When a mother holds the child and allows her breast to brush the newborn'scheek, the reflex makes the baby turn toward the breast.The reflex disappears at about the sixth week of life.

At about this time, newborn eyes focus steadily, so a food source can be seen,and the reflex is no longer needed.


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C .) S uc k i n g R eflex

When a newborn's lips are touched, the baby makes a sucking motion.The reflex helps a newborn find food.

When the newborn's lips touch the mother's breast or a bottle, the baby sucks andso takes in food.The sucking reflex begins to diminish at about 6 months of age.


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V e r n i x c ase o sa A white, cream cheeselike substance that serves as a skinlubricant.Usually, it is noticeable on a term newborn's skin, at least in theskin folds, at birth.


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Vi tam i n K Adm i n i st r at io nNewborns are at risk for bleeding disorders during the first week of

life because their gastrointestinal tract is sterile at birth and unable toproduce vitamin K, which is necessary for blood coagulation . A single dose of 0.5 to 1.0 mg of vitamin K is administered intramuscularly within the firsthour of life to prevent such problems.Infants born outside a hospital alsoshould receive this important protection


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TH ANK YOU

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