DOWICIL 200 Preservative Reliable, broad-spectrum antimicrobial protectionfor cosmetics and personal care formulations

More and more, formulation chemists,microbiologists and toxicologists are speci-fying DOWICIL* 200 Preservative forantimicrobial protection in cosmetic andpersonal care formulations. There is no single reason why. Rather, it’s becauseDOWICIL 200 offers a unique combinationof desirable properties. Here’s an initiallook at some of those properties, and howthey may prove beneficial in your new orexisting formulation.

Effective at low concentrations

DOWICIL 200 Preservative is highly effec-tive at low concentrations. Typically, 0.02 to0.2% by weight of DOWICIL 200 providesdependable antimicrobial activity in mostformulations.

Broad spectrum effectiveness

When you formulate with DOWICIL 200,you’re working with a material that’s proveneffective against a broad variety of bacteria,yeasts and molds.

Excellent formulation compatibility

The many formulations that includeDOWICIL 200 are the best testament to itscompatibility with an enormous variety ofingredients and total formulation systems.The antimicrobial activity of DOWICIL 200is independent of system pH between 4 and10, and it displays excellent compatibilitywith proteinaceous matter. Moreover,DOWICIL 200 is not inactivated by nonionic,anionic or cationic formulation ingredients.

Well-documented, favorable toxicologic profile

Extensive toxicologic studies conducted onDOWICIL 200 Preservative both at Dowlaboratories and in independent institutionsshow a quite favorable toxicologic profilefor this product. Well-documented skin, eyeand ingestion studies have been conductedin animals, and additional irritation and sen-sitization studies have been conducted inhumans. The results indicate that DOWICIL200 should not present any hazards throughits proper handling during manufacturing oruse by the consumer in finished products.Further information is available throughyour Dow representative.

High water solubility, virtually insoluble in oil

DOWICIL 200 is highly soluble in water,while remaining virtually insoluble in oilsor organic solvents. As a result, it stays inthe aqueous component of your formulation,where microorganisms can live. That canmean less preservative is needed to protectthe total formulation and that means lowercosts.

Shelf life in formulations

At the dilute levels (typically 0.02 to 0.2%)used in finished formulations, DOWICIL200 Preservative remains highly effectivefor two or more years.

DOWICIL 200 Preservative offers an idealcombination of properties for preservingmost cosmetic and personal care products

1*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

Cost effective

When you formulate with DOWICIL 200,you’re working with one of the most cost-effective preservatives available. Becauseit’s highly effective at low concentrations,DOWICIL 200 shouldn’t represent morethan a small fraction of your total formula-tion costs.

Easy to work with

DOWICIL 200 is remarkably easy to incor-porate into your formulation. You get theflexibility to work with a highly uniform,free-flowing powder that disperses and dis-solves readily into the water phase of yourformulation. You can also premix DOWICIL200 into an aqueous concentrate just beforeadding it to your formulation. Either way,you get the same reliable antimicrobialeffectiveness.

The following pages will give you a closerlook at some of the properties of DOWICIL200 Preservative discussed here only briefly.

You’ll discover some of the reasons for itsbroad compatibility, and learn about Dowservices that can provide considerableassistance as you develop your formulation.There’s also more detailed technical infor-mation about DOWICIL 200, includingtoxicologic properties, formulating consid-erations, and proper handling methods.

Given the almost unlimited number of poten-tial combinations of ingredients for cosmeticand personal care products, it’s impossible toguarantee that any one preservative will becompatible with all formulations.

On the other hand, the sheer weight of varietyand numbers of formulations currently usingDOWICIL 200 makes a convincing case forits broad compatibility with ingredient materi-als and formulation systems.

Now in thousands of formulations

DOWICIL 200 Preservative is currently pro-viding safe, effective antimicrobial perfor-mance in thousands of formulations. Andthose formulations are a cross-section ofalmost all types of cosmetic and personalcare products.

There are a number of identifiable reasons forthe popularity of DOWICIL 200.

Low concentration

One reason is that DOWICIL 200 is effectiveat low concentrations – typically 0.02 to 0.2%by weight in formulations.

Active from pH 4 through 10

The antimicrobial activity of DOWICIL 200is essentially uniform between pH 4 and pH10. So DOWICIL 200 can be considered com-patible with almost any formulation from apH standpoint. Moreover, the wide pH “win-dow” offered by this preservative provides amargin of assurance in the event of moderatepH drift by the formulation.

Good with protein, surfactants,and parabens

Finally, DOWICIL 200 Preservative displaysexcellent compatibility with many commonformulation ingredients. For example, itseffectiveness is not diminished by relativelyhigh concentrations of proteinaceous matter orsulfite-containing products. DOWICIL 200retains its antimicrobial activity in the pres-ence of anionic, nonionic and cationic formu-lation ingredients. Moreover, DOWICIL 200displays excellent compatibility withparabens.

There are many good reasons to give DOWICIL200 first consideration as you evaluate thecompatibility of various preservative systemswith your formulation.

But the question still remains: “Is DOWICIL200 compatible with my formulations?” Onlyactual formulation testing can give a definitiveanswer. But the following list of product typesthat are successfully using DOWICIL 200helps to illustrate its tremendous versatility.

DOWICIL 200 Preservative is compatiblewith a broad array of cosmetic and personal care formulations

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Hair care products

conditioners protein shampoo protein conditioners aloe shampoo herbal shampoo finishing rinses conditioning shampoo hair creamsmedicated shampoo hair rinses setting lotion texture lotionstyling lotion

Eye area products

mascara eyelinereye shadow creamy powdereye color

Lotions

moisturizing lotion cocoa butter lotionbody and skin lotions cleansing lotion

Baby products

baby shampoo baby lotionbaby powder baby oil

Powders

blush dusting powderspressed powders talcum powdersbath powder

Creams

skin cream night cream moisturizing cream aloe cream foot and hand cream cold cream

Shaving products

shaving creams shaving gelsshaving lotions

Suntanning products

suntan lotion suntan oil tanning accelerators sunscreens

Raw materials

proteins shampoo basesurfactants

Ethnic market products

hair moisturizers styling mousses hair dressings curl activatorshair conditioners makeupshair straighteners

Miscellaneous

beauty masks bath preparationsmakeup base corn silkwaterless hand cleaners liquid hand soaps scrub masks liquid makeup

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DOWICIL 200 Preservative is a highly effec-tive antimicrobial that has proven its effective-ness in numerous formulations in virtuallyevery major cosmetic and personal care product category.

Figure 1 – Molecular Structure of DOWICIL 200 Preservative

Formula . . . . . . . .C6H12N4(CH2CHCHCl)ClCTFA Label Name . . . . . . . . .Quaternium-15Molecular Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251.2Bulk Density lb/ft3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.0CAS#: 51229-78-8

Sales Specifications

(Method of Analysis 24710a)Description . . . . . . . . . . .Off-white powderActive ingredient† . . . . . . .94% (minimum)Color, Gardner(2% aqueous solution) . . . . . .2 (maximum)

Sieve analysis:Through No. 20(U.S. Standard Sieve) . . . . . . . . . . . .100%

†Cis isomer 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azonia-adamantane chloride

The fine powder form of DOWICIL 200Preservative is hygroscopic. Therefore, ship-ping/storage containers must be kept closed(when not in use) to prevent caking and discoloration.

NOTE: Caking and discoloration do notimpair antimicrobial properties, but mayadversely affect the aesthetic appearance of end products.

Solubility

The solubility characteristics of DOWICIL200 in common cosmetic ingredients are seenin Table 1. This table shows that DOWICIL200 is highly soluble in water and has verylow solubility in non-aqueous solvents. Littleor no DOWICIL 200 Preservative migrates tothe oil phase of a cosmetic product. Instead, itstays in the water phase, where it can be mosteffective against microorganisms.

Table 1 – Solubility of DOWICIL 200 inCommon Cosmetic Ingredients

In Grams/100Grams of

Solvent Solvent @ 25°C

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.2

Methanol (anhydrous) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8

Propylene glycol, USP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.7

Glycerine (99.5%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6

Ethanol (absolute) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.04

Isopropanol (anhydrous) . . . . . . . . . . . . <0.1

Mineral Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <0.1

Physical Properties of DOWICIL 200 Preservative(Laboratory results typical of the products; not to be considered specifications.)

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Table 2 – Antimicrobial and AntifungalEfficacy of DOWICIL 200 — Agar1 Inhibition Data

Concentration (ppm) ofDOWICIL 200 Required

Test Organism to Inhibit Growth

Bacteria

Bacillus subtilis, ATCC 8473 . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Burkholderia cepacia, ATCC 25416 . . . . . . .60

Citrobacter freundii, ATCC 43864 . . . . . . . .60

Enterobacter aerogenes, ATCC 13048 . . . . .80

Enterobacter gergoviae, ATCC 33028 . . . .240

Escherichia coli, ATCC11229 . . . . . . . . . . .100

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ATCC 19429 . . .320

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ATCC 10145 . . .240

Pseudomonas aeruginosa PRD10,

ATCC 15442 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160

Pseudomonas oleovarans, ATCC 8062 . . . .160

Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 6538 . . . . . . .60

Fungi

Aspergillus niger, ATCC 16404 . . . . . . . . . .500

Candida albicans, ATCC 10231 . . . . . . . . . .250

1Bacterial tests were run with nutrient agar (DifcoLaboratories); Fungal tests were run on malt agar (Difco) withadded yeast extract.

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Solution pH

Fresh aqueous solutions of DOWICIL 200have a pH of 4.5 to 5.5. After standing forseveral hours, these solutions will drift slight-ly and attain an equilibrium pH of 6.5 to 7.5.

Broad spectrum antimicrobial effectiveness

The function of a preservative is to prevent thegrowth of microorganisms. As the data in Table2 show, DOWICIL 200 Preservative is highlyeffective against both bacteria and fungi.

The agar inhibition data in Table 2 are just astarting point. We’ve also run laboratory eval-uations on many different types of cosmeticformulations. These tests consistently demon-strate that concentrations of DOWICIL 200Preservative from 0.02 to 0.2% by weightmaintain effective control after repeated insult.

Obviously, the most effective level ofDOWICIL 200 should be determined for eachformulation using appropriate testing proce-dures. That’s the only way to preciselydetermine the antimicrobial activity of anypreservative in a given formulation. Dowoffers a 10-Cycle Challenge Test to assist indetermining the effective level of preservativerequired for a formulation.

How the Dow 10-Cycle Challenge Test is performed

One effective test method is the 10-Cycleinoculation-incubation procedure. We’ll beglad to run the procedure on your formulationto help you evaluate DOWICIL 200. The fol-lowing summary will familiarize you with thetest method.

1) Samples are tested for sterility.

2) Each sample is inoculated with a 24-hourculture of mixed bacteria, followed by anincubation period lasting 24 hours. Thesamples are then streaked on nutrient agar.Both the samples and the agar plates areincubated for 48 hours, after which theplates are read for growth.

3) Allowing 24 hours between test cycles,step 2 is repeated for a total of ten inoculation-incubation cycles. The preser-vative is considered to provide adequatein-use antimicrobial activity only if nomicrobial contamination occurs duringthe ten test cycles.

This basic test procedure can also be per-formed with additional samples, using yeastor mold for inoculation, with appropriatechanges in culture media, number of inocula-tions, temperature, and incubation time.

How the Dow 10-Cycle Challenge Test is performed

Advantages of the 10-Cycle Test procedure

The 10-Cycle Test method provides you withtwo fundamental benefits.

First, it’s a repeated inoculation study involv-ing a large number of insults. So it’s a goodsimulation of the type of repeated exposureyour formulation may be subjected to duringmanufacturing, shipping and consumer use.

Second, the Dow test is designed to reveal the level of preservative required to protect a specific formulation. That eliminates much of the guesswork from cost analysis and compatibility studies.

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Free formulation testing and additional lab services

Challenge testing of your formulation is aprimary service offered free of charge byThe Dow Chemical Company. We’ll be gladto test the effectiveness of DOWICIL 200 in your formulation with our 10-CycleChallenge Test.

We’ll test your formulation with the levels ofpreservative you select. The results you’ll getwill tell you whether the levels you’ve cho-sen will adequately protect your formulation.

The information you obtain from Dow testingcan be quite valuable, regardless of the size orsophistication of your operation. Our testsprovide useful data that can dovetail with theresults of separate tests. Getting started is aseasy as picking up your phone and contact-ing your nearby Dow representative.

Dow knows cosmetic ingredients

When you work with Dow, you’ll also enjoythe benefits of working with a major suppli-er of many other cosmetic and personal careproduct ingredients.

Ingredient materials produced by Dowinclude solvents, stabilizers, texturizingagents, aromatics, bases for creams andpastes, humectants, emollients, neutralizers,oxidizers, and thickening agents.

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Put unique Dow services and expertiseto work in your formulation

So if you have a question about the proper-ties of a basic formulation ingredient, it’smore than likely Dow can help.

Dow makes antimicrobials for more than just cosmetics

Our ability to provide formulators withtechnical assistance is also based on a com-prehensive understanding of antimicrobialswell beyond cosmetics.

Dow also manufactures antimicrobials foradhesives, paints, metalworking fluids, pulpand paper products, latex, waxes, coolingtowers, disinfectants, cleaners, pet careproducts, and textiles, to name a few. Youmight be surprised to learn how many basicingredients these water-based products havein common with cosmetics.

In addition, we produce low-persistencebiocides for use in enhanced oil recoverysystems and many types of circulatingwater systems.

Those applications probably don’t relatedirectly to your specific situation, but they do speak for a pool of experience anddiversity that’s unique among suppliers of cosmetic preservatives.

In any case, to obtain the maximum benefit of DOWICIL 200, the preservative should beadded after any processing steps requiring prolonged elevated temperature (>50°C).

Adding DOWICIL 200 to AnhydrousFormulations

DOWICIL 200 is an ideal preservative for usein anhydrous formulations, as well. Its excep-tionally high water solubility gives DOWICIL200 the ability to eliminate the microbial contamination that may be present if smallamounts of moisture are introduced into theproduct during use. Products such as mascaras,eye shadows, eyeliners, and pressed powders,for example, can be effectively preservedagainst repeated user contamination by grind-ing DOWICIL 200 into the color powder mix.

Although DOWICIL 200 has been incorporat-ed into anhydrous formulations at tempera-tures exceeding 80°C without exhibiting lossof antimicrobial activity, formulators are urgedto limit any exposure to elevated temperatures,and to consult with a Dow representative ifdesired.

Here are some general guidelines for addingDOWICIL 200 Preservative to your formula-tions. Contact your Dow representative forassistance with specific formulations.

Preparing a Solution

A concentrated aqueous solution of DOWICIL200 can be prepared by slowly adding theappropriate amount of powdered preservativeto water in a 1:1 or 1:2 ratio, at a temperaturebelow 45°C, and agitating until completelydissolved.

Adding DOWICIL 200 to AqueousFormulations

The cosmetics formulator enjoys flexibilitywhen adding DOWICIL 200 to products. Dowlaboratory studies have shown that DOWICIL200 can be incorporated into formulations bydifferent methods – all resulting in equalpreservative effectiveness.

• DOWICIL 200 may be added either as afree-flowing powder or as a water concen-trate to the final product. It’s preferable toadd DOWICIL 200 during the coolingphase, when formulation temperatures arebelow 50°C. If you must add the preserva-tive to formulations at temperatures above50°C, consult your Dow representative forassistance.

• It is often more convenient to add theantimicrobial to the water phase immediatelybefore mixing it with the oil phase duringthe formulating process.

Formulating with DOWICIL 200 Preservative

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pH

Fresh aqueous solutions of DOWICIL 200have a pH of 4.5 to 5.5. Solution pH will subsequently drift. After several hours, anequilibrium pH of 6.5 to 7.5 will be obtained.

These solutions, or products containingDOWICIL 200, can be pH-adjusted with organ-ic acids or bases. A variety of buffer systemsmay also be used. Avoid the use of strong acidsor bases (e.g., concentrated HCl or NaOH),since DOWICIL 200 generally becomes unsta-ble below a pH of 4 and above a pH of 10.

Some formulations and/or ingredients may besensitive to changes in pH. The potential forundesirable effects can be minimized bypreparing stock solutions containingDOWICIL 200 and allowing them to equili-brate prior to use.

Table 3 – Suggested Starting-PointConcentrations of DOWICIL 200Preservative in Selected ProductsTypes1

Product Type% by Weight of DOWICIL 200

Creams and lotions .05-.20Shampoos .05-.30Pressed powders .05-.10Mascara .05-.20Suncare products .05-.15Shaving products .05-.15Raw materials .05-.30

1Preservative concentration ranges are based on data avail-able at time of publication, and are presented as suggestedstarting points only. The most effective level of DOWICIL200 in specific formulations should be determined throughthe use of appropriate test procedures.

Discoloration

Some formulations containing DOWICIL 200will demonstrate a slight to pronounced yel-low discoloration. This occasional problemhas been linked to a combination of DOWICIL200 and fragrances that incorporate citral.Interestingly, the yellowing phenomenonapparently occurs in only a few systems containing this combination.

The advantages of using DOWICIL 200 neednot necessarily be ruled out if yellowingoccurs. In the event of incompatibility, thepresence of citral in the fragrance should beevaluated. It is important for formulators to beaware of the phenomenon and to make appro-priate tests for compatibility.

In addition, corrective measures may oftensolve compatibility problems even if citral is present.

In many instances, small quantities of sodiumborate or sodium sulfite have been effective inpreventing this discoloration. However, avoidusing strong oxidizing or reducing agents,since these additives may adversely affect theantimicrobial performance of DOWICIL 200.

The propensity for DOWICIL 200 to discolorin any particular formulation can be deter-mined simply by storing the formulation at 45to 50°C for 48 hours. Discoloration shouldnot be a factor if none occurs during that time.

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Shelf Life of Concentrated Solutions

The antimicrobial activity of concentratedsolutions of DOWICIL 200 graduallydiminishes over time. For optimal preserva-tive performance, do no store stock solu-tions longer than two weeks.

Shelf life in formulations

At the dilute levels (typically 0.02 to 0.2%)used in finished formulations, DOWICIL200 Preservative remains highly effectivefor two or more years.

Using DOWICIL 200 in Combinationwith Other Antimicrobials

Challenge test results show that cost-effective concentrations of DOWICIL 200provide excellent antimicrobial activityagainst even the most stubborn organisms.Combinations with methyl, propyl, and/orethyl paraben at levels of 0.2 to 0.3% totalparabens are sometimes used. Incorporationof EDTA at 0.05 to 0.1% may be useful insome cases as well.

The free formulation challenge testing ser-vice available from Dow can help youdetermine the most cost-effective level ofDOWICIL 200 Preservative for achievingbroad-spectrum antimicrobial performancein your specific system.

Packaging Considerations for ProductsContaining DOWICIL 200

No incompatibility problems are known toexist between DOWICIL 200 and commonlyused packaging materials. However, toensure that products formulated withDOWICIL 200 maintain maximum antimi-crobial activity during subsequent storageand use, packaging material should be treatedas a formulation ingredient for the purposesof compatibility testing.

Lab samples of DOWICIL 200

DOWICIL 200 Preservative is hygroscopic,and the small lab samples supplied to for-mulators may, as a result, begin to discolorand become caked after a few months. Toavoid this, we suggest replacing lab samplesof DOWICIL 200 every six months. Pleasecontact your Dow representative to orderreplacement samples.

Extensive animal as well as human studieshave provided a comprehensive base ofsafety substantiation data on DOWICIL 200Preservative. The results of these studiespoint to the conclusion that DOWICIL 200has a favorable toxicologic profile. Thematerial should present no serious handling,utilization or waste disposal problems whenhandled in accordance with the materialsafety data sheet and label instructions.

This section provides summary toxicologicinformation obtained from on-going Dowstudies. Further information is availablethrough your local Dow representative.

Eye

DOWICIL 200 Preservative, undiluted, is no more than slightly irritating to the eye.Direct contact with the eye may result insome discomfort and slight transient con-junctival irritation, which would be expectedto subside promptly.

Ingestion

The single dose oral toxicity of DOWICIL200 is low in all animal species tested, withthe exception of rabbits. LD50 values werefound to be as follows: male and femalerats, 940-2664 mg/kg; mice,1310 mg/kg;male guinea pigs, 710 mg/kg; male chicks,2800 mg/kg; female rabbits, 78 mg/kg.

Skin

As a dry powder or in solution (10%),DOWICIL 200 Preservative is, at most,slightly irritating to the skin. Stronger solu-tions and the powdered concentrate, moistand confined to the skin, can cause moder-ate skin irritation and possibly a burn.

As a dry powder, DOWICIL 200 is notabsorbed through the skin in acutely toxicamounts. The material may be absorbedthrough the skin in harmful amounts if instrong solution or if the skin is irritated orabraded.

A study in pregnant rats showed no mater-nal or fetal toxicity nor any birth defectsresulting from dermal application ofDOWICIL 200 in a 50% aqueous solutionat dose levels of 250 or 500 mg/kg/day.

Human skin studies

DOWICIL 200 was tested in human studiesfor skin irritation, skin fatiguing, sensitiza-tion and photosensitization properties. Thesetests were conducted with aqueous solutionsof the preservative and with freshly madeand aged prototype cosmetic formulations at

Comprehensive Testing Shows a Favorable Toxicologic Profile

use concentrations up to 0.75%. It was con-cluded that DOWICIL 200 Preservative isnot a primary irritant, fatiguing agent, skinsensitizer or photosensitizer at concentra-tions up to 1%. Higher concentrations maybe weak skin sensitizers in susceptible individuals.

NOTE: The toxicologic characteristics ofDOWICIL 200 Preservative are a primefocus of continuing Dow studies. Informationin addition to the summaries in this bulletinis available from your Dow representative.

These data substantiate the relative safetyof DOWICIL 200 in cosmetics and person-al care products. However, we do not haveknowledge of, or control over, customers’formulations or end products. Responsi-bility for adequate testing to establishsafety of final products must be assumedby the cosmetics formulator.

Discuss your needs and interests for furtherinformation with your Dow representative. Becertain to request the most current MSD sheetprior to handling or using DOWICIL 200.

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Safe use and handling of DOWICIL 200 Preservative

These precautions are general in nature andare directed toward exposure to undilutedDOWICIL 200 Preservative or strong solu-tions (10% or more). Specific recommen-dations can be made only when specifichandling conditions are known.

Handling

Observe reasonable precautions to avoidingestion and skin contact, especially withstrong (10% or more) aqueous solutions.Avoid contact with the undiluted materialwhen the skin is wet, as with perspiration.Keep concentrated solutions or the drypowder of DOWICIL 200 away from cutsor wounds.

After working with DOWICIL 200, washthe hands and face well before eating orsmoking. Remove grossly contaminatedclothing as soon as possible and wash itbefore reuse. Wash contaminated skin withsoap and a large quantity of water. Person-nel working in a dusty atmosphere shouldshower and change clothing at the end ofeach work period.

Ventilation to control dusts below an expo-sure guideline of 1 mg/m3 is recommended.If necessary, provide personnel with dustrespirators and enforce their use. All person-nel working with the product should wearclean, body-covering clothing. Use adequateeye protection, such as safety glasses.Locate any eye wash station reasonablyclose to personnel working with the product.

Storage

Keep DOWICIL 200 Preservative in closedcontainers, in a dry, cool area. To avoiddecomposition, which will release smokeand flammable vapors, store below 120°F(49°C). Keep away from heat, sparks andopen flame. Do not store DOWICIL 200near flammable materials.

Disposal

Spills can be swept up. Use a floor sweep-ing compound, then flush the spill area withwater to ground. Avoid contamination ofpublic water supplies. Collected (swept-up)material can be disposed of either by burialor incineration in accordance with local regulations.

In disposal of any wastes, be certain allapplicable federal, state and local regula-tions are met.

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Thermal decomposition

DOWICIL 200 Preservative is an organicmaterial that can undergo exothermicdecomposition when the dry powder isexposed to elevated temperatures (>100°C).

Decomposition will take place with evolu-tion of toxic, flammable vapors. If suchdecomposition occurs in a closed container,violent rupture of the container is possible.

Make fire fighters aware of possible hazards.They should use self-contained breathingapparatus if exposure to vapors is possible.Extinguish fires involving DOWICIL 200with water fog.

Customer Notice

Dow encourages its customers to inde-pendently review their applications ofDow products from the standpoint ofhuman health and environmental quality.It is important that each customer ensurethat Dow products are not used in waysfor which they are not intended or tested.For specific information, refer to the cur-rent material safety data sheet forDOWICIL 200.

NOTICE: No freedom from any patent owned by Seller or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to anoth-er and may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer’s use andfor ensuring that Customer’s workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other governmental enactments. Seller assumes no obliga-tion or liability for the information in this document. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESSFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.

Printed in U.S.A.Published May 1999 *Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company Form No. 253-01176-5/99GW

For more information about DOWICIL 200 Preservative:

From the U.S. and Canada call 1-800-447-4369

From Mexico call 95-880-447-4369

In Europe call +31/20.691.6268 fax +31/20.691.6418

In Asia call +852/2879.8222 fax +852/2827.7860