Download - Chapter 1 Basic Hardware

7/26/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Hardware

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Section

Chapter 1

Computers, Software andOperating Systems

Linux Essentials


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Section

What is a Computer?

A computer processes dataaccording to a sequence ofautomatically executed

instructions, aprogram Programs must allow for

conditional execution and loops

t must !e possi!le to change orreplace the program that acomputer executes"


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Components of a Computer #$%&

Compati!le' Processor

(andom Access %emor)

*raphics Card %other!oard

Power Suppl)

+ard is-s .ptical ri/es

ispla)s


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Section

0

1" %onitor

2"

%other!oard

3" CP4

0" (A%

5" ExpansionCards

6" PowerSuppl)

7" .ptical iscri/e

8" +ard is-


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Components of a Computer #$%&Compati!le'

Processor Central Processing 4nit

Automatic program&controlled data

processing Single or %ulti cores

Speed /s" heat

%a9or pla)ers PCs: ntel and A%

Smartphones and Ta!lets: A(%


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(A% (andom Access %emor)

;olatile: content is lost when computer isoes in *iga$)tes toda) $)te 8 !its

@ilo 21, %ega 22, *iga 23, Tera 20

(A% access time in nanoseconds %illi 1&3, %icro 1&6, Bano 1&


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*raphics Card Processes graphics inside a computer

Contains speciali>ed processors forgraphics

Processing graphics within CP4 /s"independent graphic card

%other!oard +ouses CP4, (A% and other components

Comes in dies and colors


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Power suppl) Supplies electricit) to computer components

Con/erts AC /oltage to C

Cooling fans +ard is-s

Permanent storage of data

+ard dis-s si>es in Tera$)tes toda)

+ard dis- access time in milliseconds is- dri/e can !e partitioned

%agnetic&coated rotating platters /s" Solid Stateis-s


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Connecting hard dis-s to mother!oard

Parallel ATA Also -nown as E #133 %$Ds'

Serial ATA #SATA' Smaller connector, power ecient, hot swapping

Speeds up to 6 %$Ds eSATA

External SATA for external connecti/it)

Firewire #EEE 130' +igh speed data transfer interface de/eloped !) Apple

Ca!le distance larger than SATA and eSATA

4S$ 4S$ 1" #1"5 %$Ds', 4S$ 2" #6 %$Ds', 4S$ 3" #G0 %$Ds'

SCS Small Computer S)stem nterface

;er) relia!le

Speeds up to 6 %$Ds


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.ptical ri/es

(eadDWrite data

C&(.%, ;, $lu&(a)

.ptical dri/es for storage /s" hard dis-s /s"cloud computing

ispla)s

Cathode&ra) tu!es #C(T'

Liquid cr)stal displa) #LC'

LE&!ac-lit LC

Comes in dies and resolutions


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Connecting computers to T;s

VGA DVI HDMI

Connection Analog igital igital

Audio Bo Bo Hes

De!ices PC, pro9ector PC, T; T;, pro9ector

Connector


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.ther peripherals PSD2

%ouse and -e)!oard Parallel port

.ld printers and scanners


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Software

Firmware Permanent software programmed into hardware

$.S

.perating S)stem %anages computer resources

*4 Iloo- and feelJ

Starts and stops programs

4sed to create users and groups

e/ice dri/ers %anages the communications !etween the .S and the hardware de/ice

Software interface to ena!les .S and other applications to access hardware 4ser applicationsDprograms

SpeciKc tas-sText editing

%ultimedia editing and /iewing

nternet !rowsers

etc


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%ost mportant .peratingS)stems

Proprietar) .perating S)stems Windows

e/eloped !) %icrosoft

Windows 3"1, 5, 2, P, 7, 8, etcM"

%acintosh e/eloped !) Apple

%AC .S is the latest /ersion

Free and open source 4nix

e/eloped in 17Ns !) ATOT $ell la!s

Linux


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%ost mportant .perating S)stems

Linux

First de/eloped !) Linus Tor/alds

Bot !ac-ed !) an indi/idual compan)

Freel) a/aila!le

(uns on PCs, ta!lets, smartphones, etcM" Linux -ernel

Program that handles allocation of resources toapplications

Linux distri!utions A distri!ution consists of the following

Linux -ernel

Additional free software to !uild up an .S

Word processor, e&mail client, we! !rowser, etcM


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Cloud Computing

Store, manage, andDor process)our data on computing resources

o/er the nternet

Cloud computing is the idea of

pro/iding computing power IondemandJ"


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$eneKts

(educed cost and complexit) of operatingcomputer and networ-s

(apid deplo)ment #infrastructure alread)

a/aila!le'

Customi>ation #a pool of ser/ices'

Scala!ilit) #eas) to scale up or down'

(elia!ilit) #!ac-ups, securit), a/aila!ilit) of

data'


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Characteristics

.n&demand self ser/ice

ndi/iduals !usiness determine when ser/ice is neededThe) manage their own computing resources

$road networ- access

.


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;irtuali>ation

Act of creating ;irtual /ersion ofsomething #e"g" create /irtualIcomputerJ with operating s)stem

that loo-s li-e a real computer tothe software running on them'"

An) software that supports /irtualmachine is called Ih)per/isorJ orI;irtual %achine %onitor #;%%'J"


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;irtuali>ation

A s)stem&le/el /irtualmachine allows the users tofull) run multiple operating

s)stems at the same time" Examples of ;%%s that create

and runs s)stem&le/el /irtualmachines .racle ;% ;irtual$ox

;%ware Pla)er


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+ost and *uest= The host operating s)stem is the .S

that ph)sicall) operate the hardware

4sing a h)per/isor, a num!er ofIguestJ operating s)stems can run

/irtuall) at the same time"

http:DDwindowsitpro"comDs)stems&managementD/mware&wor-station&0&or&microsoft&/irtual&pc&20


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Wh) are the) important?

;irtual machines gained more

popularit) due to:

The increase in importance of

isolation and securit) in modern

s)stems

The sharing of a single computeramong man) unrelated users

The dramatic increases in raw speed

of processors o/er the decades,

which ma-es the o/erhead of the

/irtual machine more accepta!le

Download - Chapter 1 Basic Hardware

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