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Families of ElementsPredict properties
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Alkali Metals – Group 1 Extremely reactive (not found free in nature)
Form stable ionic compounds
React with… water to form a base air to form oxides acids to form salts
Usually reduce to their free state by electrolysis of their fused compounds
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Alkaline Earth Metals – Group 2 Reactive (not found free in nature)
Form stable ionic compounds
React with… water to form a base air to form oxides acids to form salts
Usually reduce to their free state by electrolysis of their fused compounds
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Nitrogen Family – Group 15 Members range from
typical nonmetals: N,P through metalloids: As, Sb to metals: Bi
Facts about NITROGEN Relatively inactive at room temperatureroom temperature Forms stable diatomic molecules with triple bond Component of proteins Forms unstable compounds used in explosives
Facts about PHOSPHOROUS Component of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) More reactive than nitrogen at room temperature Forms tetratomic molecules (P4); not diatomic
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Oxygen Family – Group 16 Members range from
typical nonmetals: O,S through metalloids: Se, Te to metals: Po
All solids except for OXYGEN
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Halogens (salt formers) – Group 17 Very reactive nonmetals
Not found free in nature High electronegativity
Form diatomic molecules when free React with metals to form salts Tendency to form positive oxidation state
increases with atomic number Found in all three phases due to differences
in Van der Waals (dispersive) forces.
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Noble Gases – Group 18 Have a complete outer shell (octet)
Almost inert (not reactive) Krypton, xenon, and radon form compounds
with oxygen and fluorine
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Transition Elements – Groups 3-12 Have positive oxidation states Lose electrons from two outermost energy
levels Ions form colored solutions
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Block Groups – Energy Orbitals
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Electron Affinity