Families of ElementsPredict properties

Alkali Metals – Group 1 Extremely reactive (not found free in nature)

Form stable ionic compounds

React with… water to form a base air to form oxides acids to form salts

Usually reduce to their free state by electrolysis of their fused compounds

Alkaline Earth Metals – Group 2 Reactive (not found free in nature)

Form stable ionic compounds

React with… water to form a base air to form oxides acids to form salts

Usually reduce to their free state by electrolysis of their fused compounds

Nitrogen Family – Group 15 Members range from

typical nonmetals: N,P through metalloids: As, Sb to metals: Bi

Facts about NITROGEN Relatively inactive at room temperatureroom temperature Forms stable diatomic molecules with triple bond Component of proteins Forms unstable compounds used in explosives

Facts about PHOSPHOROUS Component of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) More reactive than nitrogen at room temperature Forms tetratomic molecules (P4); not diatomic

Oxygen Family – Group 16 Members range from

typical nonmetals: O,S through metalloids: Se, Te to metals: Po

All solids except for OXYGEN

Halogens (salt formers) – Group 17 Very reactive nonmetals

Not found free in nature High electronegativity

Form diatomic molecules when free React with metals to form salts Tendency to form positive oxidation state

increases with atomic number Found in all three phases due to differences

in Van der Waals (dispersive) forces.

Noble Gases – Group 18 Have a complete outer shell (octet)

Almost inert (not reactive) Krypton, xenon, and radon form compounds

with oxygen and fluorine

Transition Elements – Groups 3-12 Have positive oxidation states Lose electrons from two outermost energy

levels Ions form colored solutions

Block Groups – Energy Orbitals

s orbitals

p orbitals

d orbitals

Electron Affinity