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Jin Wu1, Neill Prohaska1, Kenia T. Wiedemann1,2, Loren P. Albert1, Alfredo R. Huete3*, and Scott R. Saleska1*
Observing canopy demography of a tropical moist forest with spectral unmixing of
hyperspectral images: a model of HyspIRI science application
Email Contact: [email protected] or [email protected]
(1: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona; 2: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University; 3: Plant Functional Biology & Climate
Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney)
*: Corresponding Authors
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Outline of the Talk
1: Motivation—leaf demography matters ecological processes of forest systems
2: Methodology—remote sensing perspective of demography
3: Case study from a tower mounted hyperspectral vegetation imaging system in a tropical moist forest system
4: Inference to HyspIRI study
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MotivationPhotosynthesis is one of the most important features that define
environment-vegetation interaction
O2 CO2, H2O
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Motivation
O2 CO2, H2O
Both environments and phenology are important controls on plant photosynthesis; Phenology includes Seasonality of LAI and Demography
Soil Moisture
Nutrients
Environments
Leaf Area Index
Canopy leaf average physiology
Phenology
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Motivation
Soil Moisture
Nutrients
Leaf Area Index
CO2, H2O, O2
Canopy leaf average physiology
Environments Phenology
Both environments and phenology are important controls on plant photosynthesis; Phenology includes Seasonality of LAI and Demography
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Motivation
Photosynthesis and Photosynthesis Seasonality
Soil Moisture
Nutrients
Leaf Area Index
CO2, H2O, O2
Canopy leaf average physiology
Environments Phenology
Both environments and phenology are important controls on plant photosynthesis; Phenology includes Seasonality of LAI and Demography
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Motivation (cont..)Deciduous Forests & Evergreen Tropical Forests
Deciduous Broadleaf Forest, Takayama, Japan
Muraoka et al. 2010. J Plant Research
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Motivation (cont..)Deciduous Forests & Evergreen Tropical Forests
Deciduous Broadleaf Forest, Takayama, Japan
Muraoka et al. 2010. J Plant Research
Albert & Wu. 1-m Branch Sample from Uxi Lista, 08/24/2012.
Y YM M O0
40
80
120
Vcm
ax (u
mol
/m2/
s)
Albert et al. In Preparation
Leaf Age
Tapajos National Primary Forest, Para, Brazil
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Motivation (cont..)Deciduous Forests & Evergreen Tropical Forests
Deciduous Broadleaf Forest, Takayama, Japan
Muraoka et al. 2010. J Plant Research
Albert & Wu. 1-m Branch Sample from Uxi Lista, 08/24/2012.
Y YM M O0
40
80
120
Vcm
ax (u
mol
/m2/
s)
Albert et al. In Preparation
Leaf Age
Tapajos National Primary Forest, Para, Brazil
Leaf amount seasonality and demography seasonality are both important to tropical photosynthesis processes
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Model perspective of tropical photosynthesis seasonality
ED: Ecosystem Demographic Model
Restrepo-Coupe et al. (In Review)
IBIS: the Integrated Biosphere Simulator
CLM: the NCAR Community Land Model
JULES: the joint UK Land Environment Simulator
Motivation (cont..)
Key Mechanisms are missing in the models
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Model perspective of tropical photosynthesis seasonality
ED: Ecosystem Demographic Model
Restrepo-Coupe et al. (In Review)
IBIS: the Integrated Biosphere Simulator
CLM: the NCAR Community Land Model
JULES: the joint UK Land Environment Simulator
Motivation (cont..)
Key Mechanisms are missing in the models
Albert & Wu. 1-m Branch Sample from Uxi Lista, 08/24/2012.
(1) Leaf demography is an important component of leaf phenology;(2) Leaf demography is especially important for tropical forest photosynthesis processes; (3) currently, there is still lacking study on tropical demography
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Methodology: Leaf demography
Field methods(1) leaf level—tagging leaves and revisiting; (2) canopy level—regular harvesting branch sample and conducting demographic survey
Remote sensing methodsSeasonal RGB Images of a deciduous forest (Bartlett Forest, USA) in 2008
Richardson. 2010. Dublin Land Product Validation Subgroup.
How about evergreen tropical forests?
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Case Study: TNF-KM67, Para, Brazil
mon
ths
10
0
-10
-20
-50-60-70-80
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
TNF-KM67
Monthly Precipitation (TRMM) <100 mm
Study Site: Tapajos National Primary Forest, KM67 site (TNF-KM67), Para, Brazil
B. RGB Image
A. SOC Camera C. SOC Composited Image
Key parameters:* Spectral resolution: 4nm, 128 bands from 385nm to 1050 nm* Field of view: 36×27 degree* Temporal resolution: image/10 minutes, July-December, 2012
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Tree #/Name
Nome Científico Família
Tr# 9 Erisma uncinatum Warm. Vochysiaceae
Tr# 11 Ocotea sp. Lauraceae
Tr# 118 Tachigali eriopetala (Ducke) L.G.Silva &
H.C.Lima
Leguminosae-Caesalp.
Tr# 500 Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A.Chev.
Sapotaceae
Tr# 504 Coussarea paniculata (Vahl) Standl. Rubiaceae
Sap Flow Tree
Chamaecrista scleroxylon (Ducke) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
Leguminosae-Caesalp.
2012 Fall Phenology Campaign (Saleska Lab, UofA)
* 6 focal trees+14 understory trees were selected; * samples were collected in the early, middle, and late of dry season (Mid-Aug to Early-Dec)
Case Study (cont..)
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Case Study (cont..)
Bud scars Young Leaves Old Leaves
• Collected one meter branches multiple times throughout the dry season.
• Branches from sun and shade microenvironments within the trees.
• Counted young, mature and old leaves on sampled branches.
Leaf demography survey
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Ecosystem Level Leaf Demography
Case Study (cont..)
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Ecosystem Level Leaf Demography
Inference to HyspIRI Study
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AcknowledgmentsSensor Calibration and Discussion William van Leeuwen (UofA)Nikolaus Anderson (UofA)Stuart Biggar (UofA)David J. Moore (UofA)Joost van Haren (UofA)
Field Work & Help Cecilia Chavana-Bryant (Oxford U)Mick Eltringham (UK)Kleber Silva Campos (UFOPA)Marielle Smith (UofA)Ty Taylor (UofA)Scott Stark (MSU)
Brad Christofferson (Uof Edinburgh)
Rodrigo da Silva (UFOPA)Raimundo Cosme Oliveiera (UFOPA)Steve Bissell (US)
FundingAmazon-PIRENANA Terrestrial Ecology Program
Photo Credit: Neill Prohaska