JoCES
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
Jan - April 2014
Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems
ISSN: 2321-5151
Ÿ Comparative Analysis of Digital Image Watermarking using DCT and DWT
Ÿ Compare Three Reactive Routing Protocols in Grid based Cluster Wireless Sensor Network
Qualnet using Simulator
Ÿ GSM based Mutiuser E-Notice Board using Wireless Technology
Ÿ Improvement of BER in Wavelet Transform-based OFDM System with Kalman Filter
Ÿ Incorporating Mobility to Sensor Networks during Node Failure and Their Analysis for Radio
Propagation Models
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I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (1)] of Journal of
Communication Engineering & Systems (JoCES). The intension of JoCES is to create an
atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Communication
Engineering & Systems.
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eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoCES provides an outlet for Research findings and
reviews in areas of Communication Engineering & Systems found to be relevant for National and
International recent developments & research initiative.
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I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
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STM JOURNALS
1. Comparative Analysis of Digital Image Watermarking using DCT and DWT Rushit K. Chokashi, G.D. Makwana 1
2. Compare Three Reactive Routing Protocols in Grid based Cluster Wireless Sensor Network using Qualnet Simulator Pratibha Kevre, Laxmi Shrivastava 6
3. GSM based Mutiuser E-Notice Board using Wireless TechnologyGopika S, Kiruthika MR, Ayswaria D 13
4. Improvement of BER in Wavelet Transform-based OFDM System with Kalman Filter Sajjan Singh, Pardeep Kumar, SVAV Prasad 21
5. Incorporating Mobility to Sensor Networks during Node Failure and Their Analysis for Radio Propagation Models S. Kiruthika, S. Vadivel 29
ContentsJournal of Communication Engineering & Systems
JoCES (2014) 1-5 © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved Page 1
Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems ISSN: 2321-5151
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Comparative Analysis of Digital Image Watermarking
using DCT and DWT
Rushit K. Chokashi*, G.D. Makwana
Sankalchand Patel College of Engineering, Visnagar, India
Abstract Watermarking is a technique to hide information into digital data and provides security
against intentional and unintentional attack. It is a very important and emerging field
which helps to protect ownership of digital information. Watermarking is the process of inserting or hiding information behind cover data. In this paper we discussed about two
digital watermarking techniques, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and discrete wavelet
Transform (DWT). The parameters to test robustness and transparency of the watermarking are Peak signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) and
Normalized correlation coefficient. Also, robustness of watermarking is necessary so we tested for various attacks including Gaussian noise, salt and pepper noise, rotation and
filtering. The experiment result shows that the frequency domain method is more robust
against different kinds of attacks and the watermarked image has good transparency. Both techniques are implemented and result analysis has been observed.
Keywords: Digital image watermarking, wavelet transform, discrete cosine
transform, peak signal to noise ratio
JoCES (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems ISSN: 2321-5151
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Compare Three Reactive Routing Protocols in Grid
based Cluster Wireless Sensor Network using
Qualnet Simulator
Pratibha Kevre*, Laxmi Shrivastava Department of Electronics, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, India
Abstract This paper is comparing the performance of three different routing protocols in grid based clustering for wireless sensor network. Sensor network is keeping limited energy of
sensor node send limited battery power. However the main task of sensor network energy
consumption for sensor nodes. Furthermore grid based sensor working depend on location based that is divided into different parts. In grid based wireless sensor network,
cluster head it works like a base station. Cluster zones are collecting all information that is passing through sensor nodes. In this paper, three routing protocols AODV ( Ad-hoc
on demand distance vector routing), DYMO (Dynamic Manet on demand routing ) and
DSR (Dynamic source routing) are analyzed and compared by using Qualnet simulator on the basis of performance metrics such as energy consumption in transmit mode,
receive mode, idle mode, and residual battery capacity.
Keywords: Wireless sensor network, IEEE 802.15.4, routing protocols (AODV,
DYMO, DSR), qualnet 5.2 simulator, CBR.
JoCES (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems ISSN: 2321-5151
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
GSM based Mutiuser E-Notice Board using
Wireless Technology
Gopika S*, Kiruthika MR, Ayswaria D Department of ECE, Adithya Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract Wireless technology is now taking over the entire world. It has helped in shrinking the
world. GSM technology is the most popular wireless technology which is now fastest
growing technology in the electronic industry. Advancement in technology has brought about digitization to the core. Even the billing system, attendance system, health
monitoring, etc., have all got digitized and so are the advertisement boards and the
announcement boards. The existing system is based on programmed display boards. It displays a single message which can be reprogrammed to display another message. This
paper explains about the announcement system using the GSM technology using which we can display any message from any part of the world irrespective of the number of
messages. This announcement system uses a scrolling LED display which replaces the
existing LCD based announcement systems.
Keywords: GSM, SIM, AT commands, microcontroller, shift register, MAX 232, LED,
flash, EPROM, RAM, PCB design, CMOS, timers, counters
JoCES (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems ISSN: 2321-5151
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Improvement of BER in Wavelet Transform-based
OFDM System with Kalman Filter
Sajjan Singh1*, Pardeep Kumar
1, SVAV Prasad
2
1BRCM CET, Bahal, Bhiwani, India
2Lingaya’s University, Faridabad, India
Abstract We know that bandwidth is the most precious commodity in all communication systems
such as 2G, 3G and 4G. Each service provider is now searching how to accommodate a
large number of users within a limited allocated bandwidth, In order to increase the data
rate of wireless medium with higher performance, orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) is chosen. In this paper, the bit error rate analysis (BER) of discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-OFDM system is compared with conventional fast
Fourier transform (FFT)-OFDM system in order to ensure that wavelet transform-based
OFDM transmission gives better improvement to combat ICI than FFT-based OFDM transmission and hence improvement in BER. Wavelet transform is applied together with
OFDM technology in order to improve performance. In the proposed system, the authors are using Kalman filter in order to improve BER by minimizing the effect of ICI and
noise. Obtained results from proposed system simulation showed acceptable BER
performance at low SNR.
Keywords: OFDM, discrete wavelet transform, fast fourier transform, DWT based
OFDM, FFT based OFDM, BER, kalman filter
JoCES (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems ISSN: 2321-5151
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Incorporating Mobility to Sensor Networks during Node
Failure and Their Analysis for Radio Propagation Models
S. Kiruthika1*, S. Vadivel
2
1KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India
2KSR College of Engineering, Erode, India
Abstract Wireless sensor networks are expected to find wide applicability and increasing deployment in the near future. It consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to
monitor physical or environmental conditions and to cooperatively pass their data
through the network to a main location. The more modern networks are bi-directional, also enabling control of sensor activity. The development of wireless sensor networks
was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance, many industrial
and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, and so on. The operation of WSN is normal under ordinary
conditions. But in case of an emergency situation, like fire breakout, one of the nodes deployed in the area may get ruined. Under such circumstances, the data collected
around the vicinity of the node may be lost. Such kinds of situations result in severe
packet drop and thus decrease the communication throughput in medium access control (MAC) protocols. Hence, data aggregation and mobility has been put forward as an
essential paradigm. In this paper, an alternative mechanism for node failure and a
recovery scheme for the vast packet drop problem has been proposed. Here reference point group mobility model has been used for replacing the damaged node and the
aftermath performances are analyzed for various radio propagation models. The simulation is carried out by means of NS2 (network simulator).
Keywords: Autonomous sensors, wireless sensor networks, data aggregation
technique, emergency, transmission