JoCES

STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical

Jan - April 2014

Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems

ISSN: 2321-5151

Ÿ Comparative Analysis of Digital Image Watermarking using DCT and DWT

Ÿ Compare Three Reactive Routing Protocols in Grid based Cluster Wireless Sensor Network

Qualnet using Simulator

Ÿ GSM based Mutiuser E-Notice Board using Wireless Technology

Ÿ Improvement of BER in Wavelet Transform-based OFDM System with Kalman Filter

Ÿ Incorporating Mobility to Sensor Networks during Node Failure and Their Analysis for Radio

Propagation Models

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I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (1)] of Journal of

Communication Engineering & Systems (JoCES). The intension of JoCES is to create an

atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Communication

Engineering & Systems.

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International recent developments & research initiative.

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I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

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STM JOURNALS

1. Comparative Analysis of Digital Image Watermarking using DCT and DWT Rushit K. Chokashi, G.D. Makwana 1

2. Compare Three Reactive Routing Protocols in Grid based Cluster Wireless Sensor Network using Qualnet Simulator Pratibha Kevre, Laxmi Shrivastava 6

3. GSM based Mutiuser E-Notice Board using Wireless TechnologyGopika S, Kiruthika MR, Ayswaria D 13

4. Improvement of BER in Wavelet Transform-based OFDM System with Kalman Filter Sajjan Singh, Pardeep Kumar, SVAV Prasad 21

5. Incorporating Mobility to Sensor Networks during Node Failure and Their Analysis for Radio Propagation Models S. Kiruthika, S. Vadivel 29

ContentsJournal of Communication Engineering & Systems

JoCES (2014) 1-5 © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved Page 1

Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems ISSN: 2321-5151

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Comparative Analysis of Digital Image Watermarking

using DCT and DWT

Rushit K. Chokashi*, G.D. Makwana

Sankalchand Patel College of Engineering, Visnagar, India

Abstract Watermarking is a technique to hide information into digital data and provides security

against intentional and unintentional attack. It is a very important and emerging field

which helps to protect ownership of digital information. Watermarking is the process of inserting or hiding information behind cover data. In this paper we discussed about two

digital watermarking techniques, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and discrete wavelet

Transform (DWT). The parameters to test robustness and transparency of the watermarking are Peak signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) and

Normalized correlation coefficient. Also, robustness of watermarking is necessary so we tested for various attacks including Gaussian noise, salt and pepper noise, rotation and

filtering. The experiment result shows that the frequency domain method is more robust

against different kinds of attacks and the watermarked image has good transparency. Both techniques are implemented and result analysis has been observed.

Keywords: Digital image watermarking, wavelet transform, discrete cosine

transform, peak signal to noise ratio

JoCES (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems ISSN: 2321-5151

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Compare Three Reactive Routing Protocols in Grid

based Cluster Wireless Sensor Network using

Qualnet Simulator

Pratibha Kevre*, Laxmi Shrivastava Department of Electronics, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, India

Abstract This paper is comparing the performance of three different routing protocols in grid based clustering for wireless sensor network. Sensor network is keeping limited energy of

sensor node send limited battery power. However the main task of sensor network energy

consumption for sensor nodes. Furthermore grid based sensor working depend on location based that is divided into different parts. In grid based wireless sensor network,

cluster head it works like a base station. Cluster zones are collecting all information that is passing through sensor nodes. In this paper, three routing protocols AODV ( Ad-hoc

on demand distance vector routing), DYMO (Dynamic Manet on demand routing ) and

DSR (Dynamic source routing) are analyzed and compared by using Qualnet simulator on the basis of performance metrics such as energy consumption in transmit mode,

receive mode, idle mode, and residual battery capacity.

Keywords: Wireless sensor network, IEEE 802.15.4, routing protocols (AODV,

DYMO, DSR), qualnet 5.2 simulator, CBR.

JoCES (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems ISSN: 2321-5151

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

GSM based Mutiuser E-Notice Board using

Wireless Technology

Gopika S*, Kiruthika MR, Ayswaria D Department of ECE, Adithya Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract Wireless technology is now taking over the entire world. It has helped in shrinking the

world. GSM technology is the most popular wireless technology which is now fastest

growing technology in the electronic industry. Advancement in technology has brought about digitization to the core. Even the billing system, attendance system, health

monitoring, etc., have all got digitized and so are the advertisement boards and the

announcement boards. The existing system is based on programmed display boards. It displays a single message which can be reprogrammed to display another message. This

paper explains about the announcement system using the GSM technology using which we can display any message from any part of the world irrespective of the number of

messages. This announcement system uses a scrolling LED display which replaces the

existing LCD based announcement systems.

Keywords: GSM, SIM, AT commands, microcontroller, shift register, MAX 232, LED,

flash, EPROM, RAM, PCB design, CMOS, timers, counters

JoCES (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems ISSN: 2321-5151

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Improvement of BER in Wavelet Transform-based

OFDM System with Kalman Filter

Sajjan Singh1*, Pardeep Kumar

1, SVAV Prasad

2

1BRCM CET, Bahal, Bhiwani, India

2Lingaya’s University, Faridabad, India

Abstract We know that bandwidth is the most precious commodity in all communication systems

such as 2G, 3G and 4G. Each service provider is now searching how to accommodate a

large number of users within a limited allocated bandwidth, In order to increase the data

rate of wireless medium with higher performance, orthogonal frequency division

multiplexing (OFDM) is chosen. In this paper, the bit error rate analysis (BER) of discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-OFDM system is compared with conventional fast

Fourier transform (FFT)-OFDM system in order to ensure that wavelet transform-based

OFDM transmission gives better improvement to combat ICI than FFT-based OFDM transmission and hence improvement in BER. Wavelet transform is applied together with

OFDM technology in order to improve performance. In the proposed system, the authors are using Kalman filter in order to improve BER by minimizing the effect of ICI and

noise. Obtained results from proposed system simulation showed acceptable BER

performance at low SNR.

Keywords: OFDM, discrete wavelet transform, fast fourier transform, DWT based

OFDM, FFT based OFDM, BER, kalman filter

JoCES (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems ISSN: 2321-5151

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Incorporating Mobility to Sensor Networks during Node

Failure and Their Analysis for Radio Propagation Models

S. Kiruthika1*, S. Vadivel

2

1KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India

2KSR College of Engineering, Erode, India

Abstract Wireless sensor networks are expected to find wide applicability and increasing deployment in the near future. It consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to

monitor physical or environmental conditions and to cooperatively pass their data

through the network to a main location. The more modern networks are bi-directional, also enabling control of sensor activity. The development of wireless sensor networks

was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance, many industrial

and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, and so on. The operation of WSN is normal under ordinary

conditions. But in case of an emergency situation, like fire breakout, one of the nodes deployed in the area may get ruined. Under such circumstances, the data collected

around the vicinity of the node may be lost. Such kinds of situations result in severe

packet drop and thus decrease the communication throughput in medium access control (MAC) protocols. Hence, data aggregation and mobility has been put forward as an

essential paradigm. In this paper, an alternative mechanism for node failure and a

recovery scheme for the vast packet drop problem has been proposed. Here reference point group mobility model has been used for replacing the damaged node and the

aftermath performances are analyzed for various radio propagation models. The simulation is carried out by means of NS2 (network simulator).

Keywords: Autonomous sensors, wireless sensor networks, data aggregation

technique, emergency, transmission