Download - Katabolisma Lemak
Gliserol
Gliserol + ATP → L-Gliserol-3-Posfat + ADP
L-Gliserol-3-Posfat + NAD+ → Dihidroksiaseton Posfat + NADH + H+
Dihidroksiaseton Posfat → D-Gliseraldehid-3-Posfat
Gliserol + ATP + NAD= → D-Gliseraldehid-3-Posfat + ADP + NADH + H+
Glyceraldehide 3-Phosphate + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + NAD⁺ → 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H⁺
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + ADP → 3-Phosphoglycerate + ATP
3-Phosphoglycerate → 2-Phosphoglycerate
2-Phosphoglycerate → Phosphoenolpyruvate + H₂O
Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP → Pyruvate + ATP
Gliseraldehid-3-Posfat + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + NAD⁺ + ADP → Pyruvate + NADH + H⁺ + 2 ATP + H₂O
Pyruvate + CoA−SH + NAD⁺ + TPP, Lipoate, FAD → Acetyl−CoA + NADH + CO₂
Acetyl−CoA + Oxaloacetate + H₂O → Citrate + CoA−SH
Citrate → cis-Aconitate + H₂O
cis-Aconitate + H₂O → Isocitrate
Isocitrate + NAD⁺ → α-Ketoglutarate + NADH + CO₂ + H⁺
α-Ketoglutarate + CoA−SH + NAD⁺ + TPP, Koenzim A, FAD → Succinyl−CoA + NADH + CO₂
Succinyl−CoA + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ → Succinate + GTP + CoA−SH
Succinate + FAD → Fumarate + FADH₂
Fumarate + H₂O → L-Malate
L-Malate + NAD⁺ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺
Pyruvate + 4 NAD⁺ + 2 H₂O + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + FAD → 4 NADH + 3 CO₂ + 2 H⁺ + GTP + FADH₂
Asam Lemak
R13–Asil-CoA + FAD → Trans-Δ2-Enoil-CoA
Trans-Δ2-Enoil-CoA + H2O → L-β-Hidroksi-Asil-CoA
L-β-Hidroksi-Asil-CoA + NAD+ → β-Ketoacil-CoA + NADH + H+
β-Ketoacil-CoA + Co-SH → R11–Asil-CoA + Asetil-CoA
R14–Asil-CoA + FAD + H2O + NAD+ + Co-SH → R12–Asil-CoA + NADH + H+ + Asetil-CoA
Acetyl−CoA + Oxaloacetate + H₂O → Citrate + CoA−SH
Citrate → cis-Aconitate + H₂O
cis-Aconitate + H₂O → Isocitrate
Isocitrate + NAD⁺ → α-Ketoglutarate + NADH + CO₂ + H⁺
α-Ketoglutarate + CoA−SH + NAD⁺ + TPP, Koenzim A, FAD → Succinyl−CoA + NADH + CO₂
Succinyl−CoA + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ → Succinate + GTP + CoA−SH
Succinate + FAD → Fumarate + FADH₂
Fumarate + H₂O → L-Malate
L-Malate + NAD⁺ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺
Asetil-CoA + 3 NAD⁺ + 2 H₂O + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + FAD → 3 NADH + 3 CO₂ + 2 H⁺ + GTP + FADH₂
MUFA
Cis-Δ3-Asil-CoA → Trans-Δ2-Asil-CoA
Trans-Δ2-Asil-CoA → Asetil-CoA
Cis-Δ3-Asil-CoA → Asetil-CoA
Acetyl−CoA + Oxaloacetate + H₂O → Citrate + CoA−SH
Citrate → cis-Aconitate + H₂O
cis-Aconitate + H₂O → Isocitrate
Isocitrate + NAD⁺ → α-Ketoglutarate + NADH + CO₂ + H⁺
α-Ketoglutarate + CoA−SH + NAD⁺ + TPP, Koenzim A, FAD → Succinyl−CoA + NADH + CO₂
Succinyl−CoA + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ → Succinate + GTP + CoA−SH
Succinate + FAD → Fumarate + FADH₂
Fumarate + H₂O → L-Malate
L-Malate + NAD⁺ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺
Asetil-CoA + 3 NAD⁺ + 2 H₂O + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + FAD → 3 NADH + 3 CO₂ + 2 H⁺ + GTP + FADH₂
PUFA
Cis-Δ3, cis-Δ6 (R12) → Trans-Δ2, cis-Δ6 (R12)
Trans-Δ2, cis-Δ6 (R12) → Trans-Δ2, cis-Δ4 (R10) + Asetil-CoA
Trans-Δ2, cis-Δ4 (R10) + NADPH + H+ → Trans-Δ3 (R10) + NADP+
Trans-Δ3 (R10) → Trans-Δ2 (R10)
Trans-Δ2 (R10) → 5 Asetil-CoA
Cis-Δ3, cis-Δ6 (R12) + NADPH + H+ → 6 Asetil-CoA + NADP+
Acetyl−CoA + Oxaloacetate + H₂O → Citrate + CoA−SH
Citrate → cis-Aconitate + H₂O
cis-Aconitate + H₂O → Isocitrate
Isocitrate + NAD⁺ → α-Ketoglutarate + NADH + CO₂ + H⁺
α-Ketoglutarate + CoA−SH + NAD⁺ + TPP, Koenzim A, FAD → Succinyl−CoA + NADH + CO₂
Succinyl−CoA + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ → Succinate + GTP + CoA−SH
Succinate + FAD → Fumarate + FADH₂
Fumarate + H₂O → L-Malate
L-Malate + NAD⁺ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺
Asetil-CoA + 3 NAD⁺ + 2 H₂O + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + FAD → 3 NADH + 3 CO₂ + 2 H⁺ + GTP + FADH₂
Ganjil
R2–Asil-CoA + HCO3- + ATP + Biotin → D-Metilmalonil-CoA
D-Metilmalonil-CoA → L-Metilmalonil-CoA
L-Metilmalonil-CoA + Koenzim B12 → Suksinil-CoA
R2–Asil-CoA + HCO3- + ATP + Biotin + Koenzim B12 → Suksinil-CoA
Succinyl−CoA + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ → Succinate + GTP + CoA−SH
Succinate + FAD → Fumarate + FADH₂
Fumarate + H₂O → L-Malate
L-Malate + NAD⁺ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺
Suksinil-CoA + NAD⁺ + H₂O + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + FAD → Oxaloasetat + NADH + CoA-SH + H⁺ + GTP + FADH₂