Gliserol

Gliserol + ATP → L-Gliserol-3-Posfat + ADP

L-Gliserol-3-Posfat + NAD+ → Dihidroksiaseton Posfat + NADH + H+

Dihidroksiaseton Posfat → D-Gliseraldehid-3-Posfat

Gliserol + ATP + NAD= → D-Gliseraldehid-3-Posfat + ADP + NADH + H+

Glyceraldehide 3-Phosphate + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + NAD⁺ → 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H⁺

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + ADP → 3-Phosphoglycerate + ATP

3-Phosphoglycerate → 2-Phosphoglycerate

2-Phosphoglycerate → Phosphoenolpyruvate + H₂O

Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP → Pyruvate + ATP

Gliseraldehid-3-Posfat + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + NAD⁺ + ADP → Pyruvate + NADH + H⁺ + 2 ATP + H₂O

Pyruvate + CoA−SH + NAD⁺ + TPP, Lipoate, FAD → Acetyl−CoA + NADH + CO₂

Acetyl−CoA + Oxaloacetate + H₂O → Citrate + CoA−SH

Citrate → cis-Aconitate + H₂O

cis-Aconitate + H₂O → Isocitrate

Isocitrate + NAD⁺ → α-Ketoglutarate + NADH + CO₂ + H⁺

α-Ketoglutarate + CoA−SH + NAD⁺ + TPP, Koenzim A, FAD → Succinyl−CoA + NADH + CO₂

Succinyl−CoA + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ → Succinate + GTP + CoA−SH

Succinate + FAD → Fumarate + FADH₂

Fumarate + H₂O → L-Malate

L-Malate + NAD⁺ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺

Pyruvate + 4 NAD⁺ + 2 H₂O + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + FAD → 4 NADH + 3 CO₂ + 2 H⁺ + GTP + FADH₂

Asam Lemak

R13–Asil-CoA + FAD → Trans-Δ2-Enoil-CoA

Trans-Δ2-Enoil-CoA + H2O → L-β-Hidroksi-Asil-CoA

L-β-Hidroksi-Asil-CoA + NAD+ → β-Ketoacil-CoA + NADH + H+

β-Ketoacil-CoA + Co-SH → R11–Asil-CoA + Asetil-CoA

R14–Asil-CoA + FAD + H2O + NAD+ + Co-SH → R12–Asil-CoA + NADH + H+ + Asetil-CoA

Acetyl−CoA + Oxaloacetate + H₂O → Citrate + CoA−SH

Citrate → cis-Aconitate + H₂O

cis-Aconitate + H₂O → Isocitrate

Isocitrate + NAD⁺ → α-Ketoglutarate + NADH + CO₂ + H⁺

α-Ketoglutarate + CoA−SH + NAD⁺ + TPP, Koenzim A, FAD → Succinyl−CoA + NADH + CO₂

Succinyl−CoA + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ → Succinate + GTP + CoA−SH

Succinate + FAD → Fumarate + FADH₂

Fumarate + H₂O → L-Malate

L-Malate + NAD⁺ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺

Asetil-CoA + 3 NAD⁺ + 2 H₂O + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + FAD → 3 NADH + 3 CO₂ + 2 H⁺ + GTP + FADH₂

MUFA

Cis-Δ3-Asil-CoA → Trans-Δ2-Asil-CoA

Trans-Δ2-Asil-CoA → Asetil-CoA

Cis-Δ3-Asil-CoA → Asetil-CoA

Acetyl−CoA + Oxaloacetate + H₂O → Citrate + CoA−SH

Citrate → cis-Aconitate + H₂O

cis-Aconitate + H₂O → Isocitrate

Isocitrate + NAD⁺ → α-Ketoglutarate + NADH + CO₂ + H⁺

α-Ketoglutarate + CoA−SH + NAD⁺ + TPP, Koenzim A, FAD → Succinyl−CoA + NADH + CO₂

Succinyl−CoA + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ → Succinate + GTP + CoA−SH

Succinate + FAD → Fumarate + FADH₂

Fumarate + H₂O → L-Malate

L-Malate + NAD⁺ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺

Asetil-CoA + 3 NAD⁺ + 2 H₂O + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + FAD → 3 NADH + 3 CO₂ + 2 H⁺ + GTP + FADH₂

PUFA

Cis-Δ3, cis-Δ6 (R12) → Trans-Δ2, cis-Δ6 (R12)

Trans-Δ2, cis-Δ6 (R12) → Trans-Δ2, cis-Δ4 (R10) + Asetil-CoA

Trans-Δ2, cis-Δ4 (R10) + NADPH + H+ → Trans-Δ3 (R10) + NADP+

Trans-Δ3 (R10) → Trans-Δ2 (R10)

Trans-Δ2 (R10) → 5 Asetil-CoA

Cis-Δ3, cis-Δ6 (R12) + NADPH + H+ → 6 Asetil-CoA + NADP+

Acetyl−CoA + Oxaloacetate + H₂O → Citrate + CoA−SH

Citrate → cis-Aconitate + H₂O

cis-Aconitate + H₂O → Isocitrate

Isocitrate + NAD⁺ → α-Ketoglutarate + NADH + CO₂ + H⁺

α-Ketoglutarate + CoA−SH + NAD⁺ + TPP, Koenzim A, FAD → Succinyl−CoA + NADH + CO₂

Succinyl−CoA + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ → Succinate + GTP + CoA−SH

Succinate + FAD → Fumarate + FADH₂

Fumarate + H₂O → L-Malate

L-Malate + NAD⁺ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺

Asetil-CoA + 3 NAD⁺ + 2 H₂O + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + FAD → 3 NADH + 3 CO₂ + 2 H⁺ + GTP + FADH₂

Ganjil

R2–Asil-CoA + HCO3- + ATP + Biotin → D-Metilmalonil-CoA

D-Metilmalonil-CoA → L-Metilmalonil-CoA

L-Metilmalonil-CoA + Koenzim B12 → Suksinil-CoA

R2–Asil-CoA + HCO3- + ATP + Biotin + Koenzim B12 → Suksinil-CoA

Succinyl−CoA + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ → Succinate + GTP + CoA−SH

Succinate + FAD → Fumarate + FADH₂

Fumarate + H₂O → L-Malate

L-Malate + NAD⁺ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺

Suksinil-CoA + NAD⁺ + H₂O + GDP + Phosphate₍ᵢ₎ + FAD → Oxaloasetat + NADH + CoA-SH + H⁺ + GTP + FADH₂