Bio-Chemistry of Immunlolgy
Peptide Vaccine
Group 7
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Contents:I. Introduction
II. History
III. Vaccine preparation
IV. Example
V. Advantages and Disadvantages
VI. Reference
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IntroductionA vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active
acquired immunity to a particular disease.
A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a
disease-causing micro-organism and is often made from
weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or
one of its surface proteins.
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The agent stimulates the body's immune system to
recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and keep a
record of it, so that the immune system can more easily
recognize and destroy any of these micro-organisms
that it later encounters
A Peptide vaccine is any peptide which serves to
immunize an organism against a pathogen
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Peptide vaccine are often synthetic
and mimic naturally occurring proteins from
pathogens
Peptide vaccine: has been taken to prevent diseases
such as: Hepatitis C, malaria, foot-and-mouth disease
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History
• 1963 Robert Bruce Merrifield: Synthetic Peptide
vaccine to used method Solid Phase.
Mr. Robert Bruce Merrifield
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• 1993:Synthetic peptide vaccines fragments of
protein antigen sequences.
• 2001: about 40 human diseases are controlled by
vaccination
• 2005: Synthetic have 6 steps.
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Vaccine preparationThe development of synthetic peptide vaccine includes
the following 6 steps:
1.Selection of antigenic sequence
2.Identification of region of interest and limitations in
choice
3.Coupling of peptides to a carrier protein
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4. Preclinical trials of selected antigens.
5. The development of the candidate vaccine and
laboratory technology for its production and elaboration
of samples for testing
6. Preclinical and clinical trials of the candidate vaccine
samples.
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Example
Synthetic Peptide vaccines against HCV(Hepatitis C virus)
•Hepatitis C virus show high variations Sen. When
they injected this peptide vaccines into T cells will
produce Antibodies against the virus.
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Viral-host immune interactions during HCV infection
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Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Production and quality control simpler
Easy to synthesize(large availability)
Allow a specific immune-monitoring of the patient
response
Allow to assess expression of targeted antigens in patient
tumor cells13
Contd..
Disadvantages
May be less immunogenic than conventional inactivated
whole-virus vaccines
Requires primary course of injections followed by boosters
Requires adjuvant
Costs
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http://www.who.int/topics/vaccines/en/
A federal government Website managed by the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services
http://www.vaccines.gov/more_info/types/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1810383/
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/hivaids/research/vaccines/Pages/
default.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19208455
References:
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