Download - ppt dengue virus
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engue Virus
engue Virus
By: Inna Gnipp andBy: Inna Gnipp and
Hamza IqbalHamza Iqbal
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engue eclassified
engue eclassified
Family: FlaviviridaeFamily: Flaviviridae
Genus: FlavivirusGenus: Flavivirus
Species: Dengue virusSpecies: Dengue virus
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What is the engue
hat is the engue
Virus?irus?
ArbovirusArbovirus Arthropod !osquito bornArthropod !osquito born
"Aedes aegypti#"Aedes aegypti# It is a pathogen that causesIt is a pathogen that causes
Dengue $ever "DF#Dengue $ever "DF#
Dengue hemorrhagic $ever "DHF#Dengue hemorrhagic $ever "DHF#
%an lead to Dengue shoc& syndrome "DSS#%an lead to Dengue shoc& syndrome "DSS#
Has $our di$$erent serotypes "D'()*+,-#Has $our di$$erent serotypes "D'()*+,-#
First reported epidemics in *./0 in Asia A$ricaFirst reported epidemics in *./0 in Asia A$ricaand (orth Americaand (orth America
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Target tissues
arget tissues
Dengue induces cyto&ine production in cellsDengue induces cyto&ine production in cells
%ytoto1ic $actor e$$ects endothelial cells%
ytoto1ic $actor e$$ects endothelial cells
involved in most o$ the $ollo2inginvolved in most o$ the $ollo2i
ng::
HeartHeart LiverLiver
3idneys3idneys
4ungs4ungs
IntestinesIntestines
Spleen
pleen
Lymph nodesLymph nodes
BrainBrain
Skin (inflammatory rashes)Skin (inflammatory rashes)
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Symptoms H!
ymptoms H!
FeverFever HeadacheHeadache !uscle and 5oint pain!uscle and 5oint pain
DehydrationDehydration (ausea and6or Haematemesis "vomiting o$ blood#(ausea and6or Haematemesis "vomiting o$ blood# 'pista1is "Bleeding $rom the nose mouth or gums#'pista1is "Bleeding $rom the nose mouth or gums# Haematuria "Blood in 7rine#Haematuria "Blood in 7rine#
8ain behind the eyes8ain behind the eyes 8lasma lea&age8lasma lea&age 9espiratory distress9espiratory distress 8etechia "S&in rash# and6or 8urpura "4esions#8etechia "S&in rash# and6or 8urpura "4esions#
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iagnostic tests
iagnostic tests
irus isolation by in$ection o$ mice usingirus isolation by in$ection o$ mice usingin$ected mosquitoesin$ected mosquitoes
Detection o$ Ig! antibodies in the blood byDetection o$ Ig! antibodies in the blood by8%9 or iral isolation "Serology#8%9 or iral isolation "Serology#
'4ISA'4ISA"'nzyme)4in&ed Immunoabsorbent"'nzyme)4in&ed Immunoabsorbent
assay#assay# ;hrombopenia;hrombopenia
9aised hematocrit9aised hematocrit
http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?query=ELISAhttp://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?query=ELISAhttp://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?query=ELISA -
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"athogenesis and infection
athogenesis and infection
process of engue
rocess of engue
Humans are initially in$ected through a mosquito vectorHumans are initially in$ected through a mosquito vector Initial interaction 2ith cell occurs 2ith the viruses abilityInitial interaction 2ith cell occurs 2ith the viruses ability
to in$ect cellto in$ect cell
8rimary target 8hagocytes8rimary target 8hagocytes irus uses cell receptor molecule to enter cellirus uses cell receptor molecule to enter cell %ell receptor molecules include:%ell receptor molecules include:
GlycosaminoglycanGlycosaminoglycan Heparan Sul$ate "'1pressed in almost all cell types#Heparan Sul$ate "'1pressed in almost all cell types#
irus replicates in target organsirus replicates in target organs In$ects 2hite blood cells and lymphatic tissuesIn$ects 2hite blood cells and lymphatic tissues irus is released and circulates in bloodirus is released and circulates in blood Alternate mosquito then bites host and receives virusAlternate mosquito then bites host and receives virus
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"reventionrevention
;here is no speci$ic treatment;here is no speci$ic treatment
9elieving symptoms and9elieving symptoms andcomplicationscomplications::
8lasma volume replacement8lasma volume replacement
Sedatives $or restless patientsSedatives $or restless patients
Blood trans$usion 2ithBlood trans$usion 2ithpatients 2ith signi$icant bloodpatients 2ith signi$icant bloodlossloss
Aspirin should be avoidedAspirin should be avoided
All e$$orts o$ control are aimedAll e$$orts o$ control are aimedagainst mosquitoesagainst mosquitoes 'limination o$ breeding areas'limination o$ breeding areas
Actions to prevent mosquitoActions to prevent mosquito
bites "repellant nets andbites "repellant nets andvapors#vapors#
accinations are pendingaccinations are pending 8roblem is that the8roblem is that the
vaccination needs to preventvaccination needs to preventall $our serotypesall $our serotypes
Treatmentreatment
DH!
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#pidemiology
pidemiology
A$$ects humansA$$ects humans Is prominent in tropical environmentsIs prominent in tropical environments
Ideal $or !osquito habitatsIdeal $or !osquito habitats
What is promoting the disease?What is promoting the disease? Global 2arming is causing climate changes 2hich isGlobal 2arming is causing climate changes 2hich is
causing the disease to move to more environmentscausing the disease to move to more environments "higher altitudes and amplitudes#"higher altitudes and amplitudes# !ore habitats $or mosquitoes to thrive in!ore habitats $or mosquitoes to thrive in
Spread has been increased by urbanization andSpread has been increased by urbanization andpopulation gro2thpopulation gro2th
Inability o$ mosquito control in countries is also a ma5orInability o$ mosquito control in countries is also a ma5or$actor$actor
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$or%idity and $ortality
or%idity and $ortality
!ore than +ver *00 million cases o$ Dengue
in$ection are reported each year globallyin$ection are reported each year globally =00000 cases pertain to DHF=00000 cases pertain to DHF
DHF has a =? $atality rate $or thoseDHF has a =? $atality rate $or those
in$ectedin$ected 8eople at high ris& are children and the8eople at high ris& are children and the
elderlyelderly
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&i%liography
i%liography
%hambers ;homas @
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&i%liography
i%liography
Dengue: %linical and 8ublic Health Aspects