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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Marco Ponti, Paolo Beria, Francesco Ramella
DiAP, Politecnico di Milano
Highways economic regulation. A worldwide survey
TRA SPO LRESEARCH CENTER ON TRANSPORT POLICY
LABORATORIO DI POLITICA DEI TRASPORTI
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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
SIG on Transport Economic Regulation
Aims of SIG
� The SIG-4 on Transport Economic Regulation aims at
� creating a worldwide forum of stable relationships and shared
elaborations for scholars of the sector, public regulators and
regulated firms.
� promoting a better regulation, both in theory and practice.
Scholars
RegulatorsRegulated
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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
� In order to have realistic goals, the SIG initially focused mainly on transport
infrastructures regulation, leaving the services regulation to the next
future.
SIG on Transport Economic Regulation
The first focus
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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Projects
The database on transport infrastructure regulation (1)
� Along with the collection of on transport infrastructure regulation the
first long term activity promoted by SIG has been the constitution of a
database on transport infrastructure regulation. � open,
� independent,
� web based (eliminare ???)
� “low cost”...
� The survey focuses on economic regulation within the transport sector. It
considers the four main transport mode (highways, ports, railways,
airports)
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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Projects
The database on transport infrastructure regulation (2)
� Databases will include not only the regulation description, but also a short
list of top interest bibliographical references provided by collaborators.
� The first part of the survey has been completed in June 2013:
� data related to the highways sector have been collected for 20 countries
� data collected have been submitted to academic experts for external review
� The survey is structured into three parts dealing with:� 1. general aspects of road infrastructure regulation, like the regulatory
framework, the use of PPPs, concession type and length, ownership, access, etc.
� 2. specific regulatory issues, like the mechanisms to regulate tolls, or the type
of pricing, etc.
� 3. the main features of the regulatory institutions.
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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
Countries and length of the motorway network [km * 10^3]
In the selected countries live the majority
(55%) of the world population and they
account for about 75% of the world GDP
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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
Previous studies and comparisons
� Databases will include not only the regulation description, but also a short
list of top interest bibliographical references provided by collaborators.
� Literature and research papers can be divided into theoretical
contributions, case studies, policy studies and surveys.
� Many analysis carried out at national level, or continental level (Fayard et
al. 2001, Engel et al. 2003, Ragazzi et al. 2005, Albalate et al. 2009); others
review the institutional arrangements for road asset management (Queiroz
et al. 2010) but no comprehensive analysis of the regulatory and
institutional framework
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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
General aspects
� US, Canada, EU, Japan and Australia: motorway network built after the
World War II (a few links in Germany and Italy before it)
� Other countries: most of the network built in the last 20 years.
� Most of the networks built and maintained with public funds by a national
agency (in Japan and Austria trough a public concession)
� Main exceptions: Italy, France, Spain and Chile: concession used since the
beginning, by private or public-private enterprises.
� All other countries have non-negligible shares of private or public
concessions, both due to privatisations or Project Financing schemes.
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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
Network management models
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Au
stra
lia
Au
stri
a
Bra
zil
Ca
na
da
Ch
ile
Ch
ina
Fra
nce
Ge
rman
y
Hu
ng
ary
Ita
ly
Jap
an
Me
xic
o
Ru
ssia
So
uth
Afr
ica
Sp
ain
Sw
ed
en
Tu
rke
y
USA U
K
Ind
ia
Private concession Mixed concessions
Public concession Local/federal/national agencies
Local/fe
deral/na
tional
agencies
66%
Mixed
concessi
ons
22%
Private
concessi
on
9%
Public
concessi
on
3%
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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
Network management models
%tolled
State
provided
10%
%tolled
Public
concessi
ons
2%
%tolled
Mixed
concessi
ons
22%
%tolled
Private
concessi
ons
9%
free
57%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Au
stra
lia
Au
stri
a
Bra
zil
Ca
na
da
Ch
ile
Ch
ina
Fra
nc
e
Ge
rman
y*
Hu
ng
ary
Ital
y
Jap
an
Me
xic
o
Ru
ssia
So
uth
Afr
ica
Sp
ain
Swe
de
n
Tu
rke
y
US
A
UK
Ind
ia
%tolled Private concessions %tolled Mixed concessions
%tolled Public concessions %tolled State provided
free
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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
Number of concessions, according to ownership
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Ind
ia
Bra
zil
Sp
ain
Ch
ile
Me
xic
o
Ita
ly
Ch
ina
Fra
nce
UK
Au
stra
lia
Ge
rman
y
Jap
an
Hu
ng
ary
So
uth
Afr
ica
Tu
rke
y
Au
stri
a
Ca
nad
a
Ru
ssia
USA
Sw
ed
en
Public concession
Mixed concessions
Private concession
Direct state provision
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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
Type of concessions
65%
35%
Build only
PPP models
China: 85000 km of PPPs, adopting various
models (OT, BOT, ROT); public financing
about 66-90% of capital costs
Other countries: most used model is BOT,
in some cases anticipated by design and
finance phases; R(ehabilitate)OT and OT
models
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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Proposed activities
Conferences
� The SIG wants to organise conferences, sessions, workshops.
Realistically:
� One periodic workshop (yearly)
� Participation to WCTR conferences with a “branded” session
� Participation to other conferences with “branded” sessions
In the (next) future:
� Organisation of a full yearly conference
� Organisation of summer schools and student workshops.
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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
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