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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation

Marco Ponti, Paolo Beria, Francesco Ramella

DiAP, Politecnico di Milano

Highways economic regulation. A worldwide survey

TRA SPO LRESEARCH CENTER ON TRANSPORT POLICY

LABORATORIO DI POLITICA DEI TRASPORTI



SIG on Transport Economic Regulation

Aims of SIG

� The SIG-4 on Transport Economic Regulation aims at

� creating a worldwide forum of stable relationships and shared

elaborations for scholars of the sector, public regulators and

regulated firms.

� promoting a better regulation, both in theory and practice.

Scholars

RegulatorsRegulated



� In order to have realistic goals, the SIG initially focused mainly on transport

infrastructures regulation, leaving the services regulation to the next

future.

SIG on Transport Economic Regulation

The first focus



Projects

The database on transport infrastructure regulation (1)

� Along with the collection of on transport infrastructure regulation the

first long term activity promoted by SIG has been the constitution of a

database on transport infrastructure regulation. � open,

� independent,

� web based (eliminare ???)

� “low cost”...

� The survey focuses on economic regulation within the transport sector. It

considers the four main transport mode (highways, ports, railways,

airports)



Projects

The database on transport infrastructure regulation (2)

� Databases will include not only the regulation description, but also a short

list of top interest bibliographical references provided by collaborators.

� The first part of the survey has been completed in June 2013:

� data related to the highways sector have been collected for 20 countries

� data collected have been submitted to academic experts for external review

� The survey is structured into three parts dealing with:� 1. general aspects of road infrastructure regulation, like the regulatory

framework, the use of PPPs, concession type and length, ownership, access, etc.

� 2. specific regulatory issues, like the mechanisms to regulate tolls, or the type

of pricing, etc.

� 3. the main features of the regulatory institutions.



Highways worldwide survey

Countries and length of the motorway network [km * 10^3]

In the selected countries live the majority

(55%) of the world population and they

account for about 75% of the world GDP




Previous studies and comparisons

� Databases will include not only the regulation description, but also a short

list of top interest bibliographical references provided by collaborators.

� Literature and research papers can be divided into theoretical

contributions, case studies, policy studies and surveys.

� Many analysis carried out at national level, or continental level (Fayard et

al. 2001, Engel et al. 2003, Ragazzi et al. 2005, Albalate et al. 2009); others

review the institutional arrangements for road asset management (Queiroz

et al. 2010) but no comprehensive analysis of the regulatory and

institutional framework




General aspects

� US, Canada, EU, Japan and Australia: motorway network built after the

World War II (a few links in Germany and Italy before it)

� Other countries: most of the network built in the last 20 years.

� Most of the networks built and maintained with public funds by a national

agency (in Japan and Austria trough a public concession)

� Main exceptions: Italy, France, Spain and Chile: concession used since the

beginning, by private or public-private enterprises.

� All other countries have non-negligible shares of private or public

concessions, both due to privatisations or Project Financing schemes.




Network management models

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Au

stra

lia

Au

stri

a

Bra

zil

Ca

na

da

Ch

ile

Ch

ina

Fra

nce

Ge

rman

y

Hu

ng

ary

Ita

ly

Jap

an

Me

xic

o

Ru

ssia

So

uth

Afr

ica

Sp

ain

Sw

ed

en

Tu

rke

y

USA U

K

Ind

ia

Private concession Mixed concessions

Public concession Local/federal/national agencies

Local/fe

deral/na

tional

agencies

66%

Mixed

concessi

ons

22%

Private

concessi

on

9%

Public

concessi

on

3%




Network management models

%tolled

State

provided

10%

%tolled

Public

concessi

ons

2%

%tolled

Mixed

concessi

ons

22%

%tolled

Private

concessi

ons

9%

free

57%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Au

stra

lia

Au

stri

a

Bra

zil

Ca

na

da

Ch

ile

Ch

ina

Fra

nc

e

Ge

rman

y*

Hu

ng

ary

Ital

y

Jap

an

Me

xic

o

Ru

ssia

So

uth

Afr

ica

Sp

ain

Swe

de

n

Tu

rke

y

US

A

UK

Ind

ia

%tolled Private concessions %tolled Mixed concessions

%tolled Public concessions %tolled State provided

free




Number of concessions, according to ownership

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Ind

ia

Bra

zil

Sp

ain

Ch

ile

Me

xic

o

Ita

ly

Ch

ina

Fra

nce

UK

Au

stra

lia

Ge

rman

y

Jap

an

Hu

ng

ary

So

uth

Afr

ica

Tu

rke

y

Au

stri

a

Ca

nad

a

Ru

ssia

USA

Sw

ed

en

Public concession

Mixed concessions

Private concession

Direct state provision




Type of concessions

65%

35%

Build only

PPP models

China: 85000 km of PPPs, adopting various

models (OT, BOT, ROT); public financing

about 66-90% of capital costs

Other countries: most used model is BOT,

in some cases anticipated by design and

finance phases; R(ehabilitate)OT and OT

models



Proposed activities

Conferences

� The SIG wants to organise conferences, sessions, workshops.

Realistically:

� One periodic workshop (yearly)

� Participation to WCTR conferences with a “branded” session

� Participation to other conferences with “branded” sessions

In the (next) future:

� Organisation of a full yearly conference

� Organisation of summer schools and student workshops.



Feedbacks are welcome!!!!

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